TW201417727A - 醛,有機酸與有機酸酯之抗微生物混合物 - Google Patents
醛,有機酸與有機酸酯之抗微生物混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201417727A TW201417727A TW101147408A TW101147408A TW201417727A TW 201417727 A TW201417727 A TW 201417727A TW 101147408 A TW101147408 A TW 101147408A TW 101147408 A TW101147408 A TW 101147408A TW 201417727 A TW201417727 A TW 201417727A
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- aldehyde
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- food
- acid
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Abstract
一種抗微生物組成物及用於延長水、食物/飼料或食物/飼料成分之儲藏期限的方法,該組成物包含:5-25 wt.%壬酸,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯,1-50 wt.%之單一C1-C24醛或C1-C24醛混合物,C1-C24有機酸之混合物,及水。
Description
一種含有有機酸、醛與有機酸酯之混合物的抗微生物調配物,其中該組合引起協同反應。
疾病控制及預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)估計,每年有大約六分之一的美國人或48,000,000人罹患食物媒介疾病。每年另外有128,000人住院治療及約3,000人死於食物媒介疾病。在2011年,CDC(http://www.cdc.gov/outbreaknet/foodborne-surveillance-questions-and-answers.html)估計每年沙氏桿菌病(salmonellosis)會引起20,000例住院治療及378例死亡。亦據估計,在美國,大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)O157:O7每年會引起約62,000例食物媒介疾病及約1,800例食物媒介疾病相關的住院治療。喬治敦大學皮尤慈善信託基金會(Pew Charitable Trusts of Georgetown University)之研究表明,每年食物媒介疾病會使美國在健康相關費用上花費1520億美元(Yeager,2010)。
由英國食品標準局(UK Food Standard Agency,FSA)委託之研究發現,曲狀桿菌(campylobacter)為傳染性腸病(Infectious Intestinal Disease,IID)之主要原因之一且每年造成約500,000例。該局亦報導,在英國出售之三分之二之雞樣品受曲狀桿菌污染(http://www.food.gov.uk/policy-advice/microbiology/campylobacterevidenceprogramme/campybackground)。
全世界趨向於尋找更天然及/或有機抗微生物劑已使得大量研究致力於鑑別此等類型之產品,以及由於天然/有機產品之商業可用性較低而使新型原料之成本增加。當前,許多類型之化學品及其組合係用作抗微生物劑。此等化學品包括有機酸、醛、有機酸之酯、植物提取物及其他物質。
本發明之一種組分為有機酸酯。多項美國專利及世界專利描述有機酸酯用作調味劑、防腐劑或抗微生物劑的用途。美國專利第7,652,067號及世界專利第2009/037270號表明具有碳長度為C6-C20之飽和有機酸之單酯的疏水性有機化合物(亦即薄荷腦)的用途。此產品適用於調味食品及香料。此等專利並未表明作為抗微生物劑的有機酸酯與有機酸及醛之組合。美國專利申請案第2009/0082253號提出一種抗微生物劑,其包含乳酸之有機酸酯(乳酸酯)、羥基甲酸與抗菌劑之混合物。其並未表明除乳酸酯以外之有機酸酯與聚離胺酸(一種已知的抗微生物劑)之混合物將產生有效的抗微生物劑。美國專利第7,862,842號表明衍生自月桂酸之有機酸乙酯及精胺酸防腐劑之用途,其係用於易腐食品而非用作動物飼料防腐劑。
本發明表明有機酸酯與醛及有機酸組合用作飼料成分、飼料及水中之抗微生物劑的用途。文獻綜述已顯示,已研究有機酸酯作為針對植物及人類病原體之殺細菌劑及殺真菌劑。阿魏酸(ferulic acid)之丙酯、甲酯及乙酯有效抑制啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、薰煙色麴菌(Aspergillus fumigatus)及黃麴菌(Aspergillus flavus)(Beck等人,2007)。由混合正有機醇與二元酸所製備之有機酸酯係用作塑化劑且展現一些作為殺真菌劑之益處(Sadek等人,1994)。來自大豆之六種有機酸酯,包括棕櫚酸甲酯及棕櫚酸乙酯、油酸甲酯及油酸乙酯、亞麻油酸甲酯及次亞麻油酸甲酯,展示出針對大麥之白粉病之治癒性及保護性活性。亦已報導月桂酸甲酯控制白粉病發展(Choi等人,2010)。蓖麻油甲酯可替換礦物油來控制
香蕉之真菌疾病黑斑病(Black Sigatoka)(Madriz-Guzman等人,2008)。來自亞麻油酸、次亞麻油酸、花生油酸、棕櫚油酸及油酸之有機酸甲酯有效抑制變種鏈球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、伴放線菌聚集菌(Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans)、具核梭桿菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum)及牙齦卟啉單胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)生長(Huang等人,2010)。真菌白黏帚菌(Muscodor albus)產生某些有效抑制且殺死其他真菌及細菌之揮發性化合物。此等揮發性化合物中之一者為3-甲基-1-丁醇乙酸酯之酯,其為有效抑制若干真菌生長的總酯之62%(Strobel等人,2001)。來自海馬齒(Sesuvium portulacastrum)之有機酸甲酯概況表明存在棕櫚酸酯、油酸酯、亞麻油酸酯、次亞麻油酸酯、肉豆蔻酸酯及二十二烷酸酯,其針對若干人類病原性微生物皆有效(Chandrasekaran 等人,2011)。胡蘿蔔提取物中存在之十二烷酸及十五烷酸之有機酸甲酯針對腸膜狀明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)、單核球增多性李氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、螢光假單胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、白色念珠菌及大腸桿菌有效(Babic等人,1994)。當使用酚酸丁酯時,針對大腸桿菌、單核球增多性李氏菌、黃色鐮刀菌(Fusarium culmorum)、蠟狀芽孢桿菌(Bacillus cereus)及啤酒酵母菌之抑制活性高於使用酚酸甲酯時(Merkl等人,2010)。
本發明之另一種化合物為醛。此等醛之最有效者之一為甲醛,多年來已用作防腐劑。兩項美國專利第5547987號及第5591467號提出使用甲醛控制動物飼料中之沙門氏菌屬(Salmonella spp.)。此等專利並未表明甲醛或其他醛與有機酸酯之組合可提供如本發明所描述之協同效應。
本發明中所使用之醛為反-2-己烯醛,其為六碳雙鍵醛C6H10O且MW=98.14。反-2-己烯醛存在於許多可食用植物中,諸如蘋果、梨、葡萄、草莓、奇異果、蕃茄、橄欖等。植物及植物提取物已成功用於鑑別新型抗
微生物劑。舉例而言,觀測到腰果(cashew apple)之提取物在50-100 μg/ml之濃度下針對幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori)及豬霍亂沙門氏菌(S.cholerasuis)有效。發現兩種主要組分為漆樹酸(anacardic acid)及反-2-己烯醛。測定反-2-己烯醛之最小抑制活性及最小殺生物活性分別為400 μg/ml及800 μg/ml(Kubo等人,1999;Kubo及Fujita,2001)。Kim及Shin(2004)發現反-2-己烯醛(247 mg/L)針對蠟狀芽孢桿菌、鼠傷寒沙門氏菌(S.typhimurium)、腸炎弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、單核球增多性李氏菌、金黃色葡萄球菌及大腸桿菌O157:H7有效。Nakamura及Hatanaka(2002)表明反-3-己烯醛以3-30 μg/ml之含量有效控制金黃色葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌及鼠傷寒沙門氏菌。反-2-己烯醛完全抑制丁香假單胞菌致病變種(P.syringae pathovar)(每公升空氣570 μg)及大腸桿菌(每公升空氣930微克)增殖(Deng等人,1993)。已觀測到,250 μg/ml之反-2-己烯醛有效抑制莖點黴屬(Phoma)菌絲體生長(Saniewska及Saniewski,2007)。在控制水果黴菌之研究中發現,反-2-己烯醛在40 μl/l下對杏不具植物毒性,但對桃及油桃具植物毒性(Neri等人,2007)。反-2-己烯醛(12.5 μl/l)有效控制引起藍色黴菌之擴展青黴(Penicillium expansum)(Neri等人,2006a及2006b)。Fallik等人(1998)及Hamilton-Kemp等人(1991)表明,反-2-己烯醛蒸氣抑制灰黴屬(Botrytis)孢子及蘋果花粉萌發。
USPTO申請案第2007/0087094號表明至少兩種殺微生物活性GRAS化合物與少於50%之醇(異丙醇或異丙醇/乙醇)組合用作殺微生物劑之用途。反-2-己烯醛可視為一種GRAS化合物(USPTO申請案第2007/0087094號)。Archbold等人(1994)觀測到,以0.86 mmol或1.71 mmol(分別為每1.1 L容器100或200微升純化合物)使用反-2-己烯醛在採收後薰蒸無籽鮮食2週顯示出控制黴菌的前景。
美國專利第5,698,599號提出一種藉由用反-2-己烯醛處理來
抑制黴菌毒素在食物中產生之方法。在每公升空氣8 ng之濃度下,反-2-己烯醛完全抑制黃麴菌(A.flavus)、點青黴(P.notatum)、鏈格孢菌(A.alternate)、枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum)、分枝孢子菌屬(Cladosporium spp.)、枯草桿菌(B.subtilis)及農桿腫瘤菌(A.tumerfaciens)生長。當在控制飲料中之酵母(105CFU/瓶)方面比較反-2-己烯醛與檸檬醛時,發現25 ppm之反-2-己烯醛及熱處理(56℃持續20分鐘)與100-120 ppm檸檬醛等效。在未經熱處理之飲料中,需要35 ppm之反-2-己烯醛以控制微生物(Belleti等人,2007)。亦已報導反-2-己烯醛控制昆蟲,諸如赤擬穀盜(Tibolium castaneum)、穀蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica)、穀象(Sitophilus granaries)、米象(Sitophilus orazyzae)及鏽赤扁穀盜(Cryptolestes perrugineus)(Hubert等人,2008)。美國專利6,201,026提出用於控制蚜蟲的具有3個或3個以上碳之有機醛。
多項專利表明反-2-己烯醛用作芳香劑或香料之用途。美國專利6,596,681表明反-2-己烯醛用作表面清潔用抹布中之芳香劑之用途。美國專利6,387,866、美國專利6,960,350及美國專利7,638,114表明精油或萜類(例如反-2-己烯醛)作為香料用於抗微生物產品的用途。美國專利6,479,044展示一種包含陰離子界面活性劑、聚陽離子抗菌劑及水的抗菌溶液,其中添加精油作為香料。此香料可為諸如反-2-己烯醛之萜類或其他類型之萜類。美國專利6,323,171、美國專利6,121,224及美國專利5,911,915展示一種含有陽離子界面活性劑之抗微生物目的微乳液,其中添加精油作為香料。此香料可為包括亦即反-2-己烯醛之各種萜類。美國專利6,960,350展示一種抗真菌芳香劑,其中當不同萜類組合使用(例如反-2-己烯醛與苯甲醛)時,發現協同效應。
反-2-己烯醛之作用方式係被認為是細胞膜因己烯醛與巰基部分或半胱胺酸殘基反應或與肽及蛋白質中之胺基形成希夫鹼(Schiff base)而發生變化(Deng等人,1993)。據報導反-2-己烯醛充當界面活性劑,但可
能藉由被動擴散而滲透穿過質膜。一旦進入細胞內部,其α,β-不飽和醛部分即與生物學上重要的親核基團反應。此醛部分已知在生理條件下主要由1,4-加成與巰基反應(Patrignani等人,2008)。
反-2-己烯醛為磷脂酶D之抑制劑,磷脂酶D為催化膜磷脂水解之酶且在許多類型之水果及蔬菜成熟及熟化期間出現。因此,表明反-2-己烯醛可抑制熟化(USPTO申請案第2005/0031744 A1號)。已表明,反-2己烯醛對鼠傷寒沙門氏菌及金黃色葡萄球菌之抑制作用係歸因於其在脂質雙層中分配之疏水性及氫鍵鍵結。已提出破壞電子傳遞系統及干擾膜滲透性作為其他作用方式(Gardine等人,2001)。對擴展青黴腐敗之抑制作用可能係歸因於對萌發分生孢子(conidia)之真菌膜之破壞(Neri等人,2006a及2006b)。已進行研究來比較反-2-己烯醛與其他類似化合物。Deng等人(1993)顯示,不飽和揮發物反-2-己烯醛及反-2-己烯-1-醇展現比飽和揮發物己醛及1-己醇更大的抑制作用。反-2-己烯醛針對所有ATCC細菌菌株之活性大於己醛、壬醛及反-2-辛烯醛(Bisignano等人,2001)。其他人已發現反-2-己烯醛之最小真菌生長抑制濃度低於己醛、1-己醇、反-2-己烯-1-醇及(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(基本上為醛>酮>醇;Andersen等人,1994)。已報導己烯醛及己酸抑制沙門氏菌屬之有效性大於己醇(Patrignani等人,2008)。
Muroi等人(1993)表明反-2-己烯醛展現廣泛的抗微生物活性,但其生物活性(50 μg/ml至400 μg/ml)通常不夠有效以致於不被考慮用於實際應用。研究已顯示,反-2-己烯醛可增強某些類型抗微生物劑之有效性。多項專利表明將增強劑用於胺基糖苷類抗生素(美國專利5,663,152),及將增強劑用於多黏菌素抗生素(美國專利5,776,919及美國專利5,587,358)。此等增強劑可包括吲哚、大茴香腦(anethole)、3-甲基吲哚、2-羥基-6-R-苯甲酸或2-己烯醛。當針對ATCC及臨床分離之微生物菌株一起測試反-2-庚烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛、反-2-癸烯醛及(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛(比率為
1:1:1:1)時,觀測到強烈的協同效應(Bisignano等人,2001)。先前技術尚未提出或觀測到,將反-2-己烯醛與有機酸酯組合使用本身可改良任一組分之抗微生物活性。
本發明之另一種組分為有機酸。市售黴菌抑制劑及殺細菌劑由單一有機酸或有機酸混合物及/或甲醛構成。最常用酸為丙酸、苯甲酸、丁酸、乙酸及甲酸。短鏈有機酸發揮其抗微生物活性之機制為未解離(RCOOH=未離子化)酸具脂質可滲透性,且以此方式其可穿過微生物細胞壁且在微生物中鹼性更大的內部解離(RCOOH→RCOO-+H+),從而使得細胞質不穩定而不能存活(Van Immerseel等人,2006;Paster,1979)。
壬酸(壬酸)為天然存在之中鏈有機酸。其為油狀無色流體,在低溫下變為固體。相比於丁酸,其具有微弱的氣味且幾乎不溶於水。壬酸已主要用作非選擇性除草劑。Scythe(57%壬酸、3%相關有機酸及40%惰性物質)為由Mycogen/Dow Chemicals製造之廣譜出苗後或根除(burn-down)除草劑。壬酸之除草作用方式首先係歸因於在黑暗與白天期間的膜滲漏,其次歸因於在白天期間由自類囊體膜排出之敏化葉綠素所產生之自由基驅動的過氧化作用(Lederer等人,2004)。
Chadeganipour及Haims(2001)顯示,中鏈有機酸防止石膏樣小芽胞菌(M.gypseum)生長之最小抑制濃度(MIC)為:在固體培養基上,0.02 mg/ml癸酸及0.04 mg/ml壬酸;及在液體培養基中,0.075 mg/ml癸酸及0.05 mg/ml壬酸。獨立地且不以混合物形式測試此等酸。Hirazawa等人(2001)報導,壬酸以及C6至C10有機酸有效控制寄生蟲海水白點蟲(C.irritans)生長且C8、C9及C19有機酸更有效。發現哈茨木黴(Trichoderma harzianum)(一種用於可可植物之生物控制劑)產生壬酸作為許多化學物質中之一者,其有效控制可可病原體萌發及生長(Aneja等人,2005)。
多項美國專利揭示使用壬酸作為殺真菌劑及殺細菌劑:美國
專利申請案第2004/026685號揭示一種用於農業用途之殺真菌劑,其由一或多種脂肪酸及一或多種不同於脂肪酸之有機酸構成。在有機酸與脂肪酸之混合物中,有機酸用作有效的脂肪酸增效劑以充當殺真菌劑。美國專利5,366,995揭示一種經由使用脂肪酸及其衍生物來根除植物中之真菌及細菌感染且增強殺真菌劑及殺細菌劑在植物中之活性的方法。此調配物由80%壬酸或其鹽組成,用於控制植物真菌。所用脂肪酸主要為C9至C18。美國專利5,342,630揭示一種含有增強C8至C22脂肪酸之功效的無機鹽之新穎植物用殺蟲劑。一個實施例顯示具有2%壬酸、2%癸酸、80%滑石、10%碳酸鈉及5%碳酸鉀之粉末狀產品。美國專利5,093,124揭示一種包含α單羧酸及其鹽之植物用殺真菌劑及殺節肢動物劑。殺真菌劑由經活性鹼金屬(諸如鉀)部分中和之C9至C10脂肪酸組成。所描述之混合物由溶解於水中之40%活性成分組成且包括10%壬酸、10%癸酸及20%椰子脂肪酸,所有成分皆經氫氧化鉀中和。美國專利6,596,763揭示一種控制皮膚感染之方法,其包含C6至C18脂肪酸或其衍生物。美國專利6,103,768及美國專利6,136,856揭示脂肪酸及衍生物根除植物中存在之真菌及細菌感染的獨特效用。此方法並非為預防性的,但在已確定之感染中顯示出有效性。具有80%壬酸、2%乳化劑及18%界面活性劑之Sharpshooter(一種市售產品)針對青黴菌屬(Penicillium)及灰黴屬有效。美國專利6,638,978揭示一種由甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸(C6至C18)與第二脂肪酸(C6至C18)之二元混合物構成的用於使食物防腐之抗微生物防腐劑,其中第二脂肪酸不同於第一脂肪酸。WO 01/97799揭示使用中鏈脂肪酸作為抗微生物劑。其顯示pH值自6.5升高至7.5會提高短鏈(C6至C18)脂肪酸之MIC。
壬酸係用作食物處理設施中之食物接觸表面消毒溶液的組分。來自EcoLab之產品由作為活性成分之6.49%壬酸組成,以作為消毒劑用於所有食物接觸表面(12CFR178.1010b)。FDA已明確壬酸作為合成的食
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本發明之一個目的為提供一種改良有機酸之殺微生物作用的化學調配物。組成物可為含有有機酸,或多種有機酸混合物以及醛及有機酸酯/脂肪酸酯的溶液。
另一目的為提供一種用於延長水、食物/飼料或食物/飼料成分之儲藏期限的抗微生物組成物,其包含:5-25 wt.%壬酸,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯,1-50 wt.%之單一的C1-C24醛或C1-C24醛之混合物,C1-C24有機酸之混合物,及水。
另一目的為提供一種使水、食物/飼料及食物/飼料成分防腐之方法,其包含:以有效量之組成物對水、食物/飼料或食物/飼料成分進行噴霧處理、在線混合、在線噴霧或混合,該組成物包含:5-25 wt.%壬酸,
1-25 wt.%有機酸酯,1-50 wt.%之單一的C1-C24醛或C1-C24醛之混合物,C1-C24有機酸之混合物,及水。
在本說明書及隨後申請專利範圍中,將提及多個術語,其經定義而具有以下含義。
組分之「重量百分比(weight percent)」係以包括該組分之調配物或組成物之總量計。
組成物之有機酸可包含甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、壬酸、乳酸及其他C2至C24有機酸或含有C1至C24脂肪酸之單甘油酯、二甘油酯或三甘油酯。此等脂肪酸包含短鏈、中鏈、長鏈脂肪酸或短鏈、中鏈、長鏈三酸甘油酯。
組成物之有機酸酯可包含有機酸甲酯、有機酸乙酯、有機酸丁酯及有機酸丙酯或其混合物。
術語化合物之「有效量(effective amount)」意謂該量能夠發揮化合物之功能或表示有效量之特性,諸如化合物提供所需抗微生物益處之無毒但充足的量。因此一般技術者可僅使用常規實驗來確定適當之有效量。
調配物不僅可在主要組分(亦即有機酸)之濃度方面,且亦可在所用類型之醛、有機酸酯及水濃度方面有所不同。本發明可藉由向調
配物中添加或自調配物去除有機酸、醛及有機酸酯類型中之一者而以多種方式得到修改。
術語組成物之「協同效應或協同性(synergistic effect or synergy)」意謂當將成分以混合物形式而非以個別組分形式添加時改良防腐及抗微生物作用。
本發明之組成物含有有效量之具1至24個碳之有機酸、醛及有機酸酯。
1至24個碳鏈長度之有機酸可為飽和、不飽和、環狀或非環狀有機酸。
本發明之有效混合物包含1體積%至70體積%之有機酸。
本發明之有效混合物包含1體積%至70體積%壬酸。
本發明之有效混合物包含1%至50%之醛。
本發明之有效混合物包含1%至50%之有機酸酯。
本發明之有效混合物包含0至70體積%之水。
該組成物可進一步包含有機酸酯。
該組成物可進一步包含有機酸甲酯。
該組成物可進一步包含有機酸乙酯。
該組成物可進一步包含有機酸丁酯。
該組成物可進一步包含有機酸丙酯。
該組成物之醛包含反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛、反-2-己烯醛、10-十一烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛、2,6-二甲基辛醛、2-癸烯醛、2-十二烯醛、2-乙基丁醛、2-苯丙醛、2-十三烯醛、3-苯丙醛、9-十一烯醛、丁醛、肉桂醛、順-4-庚烯醛、檸檬醛、香茅氧基乙醛(Citronelloxyacetaldehyde)、小茴香醛(cuminaldehyde)、癸醛、
糠醛、庚醛、己醛、羥基香茅醛(hydroxycitroneltal)、異丁醛、對乙氧基苯甲醛、苯乙醛、丙醛、對甲苯乙醛、丙酮醛、柳醛(salicylaldehyde)、十一烯醛、戊醛、藜蘆醛(veratraldehyde)、α-戊基肉桂醛、α-丁基肉桂醛、α-己基肉桂醛或其他類似醛及其各別醇形式。
該組成物針對存在於食物/飼料及主要食物/飼料成分中之各種真菌有效。
該組成物針對存在於食物/飼料及主要食物/飼料成分中之各種細菌有效。
該組成物針對存在於水中之各種細菌及真菌有效。
該組成物針對對於自纖維素、澱粉或糖醱酵製造醇不利之微生物有效。
本發明針對細菌及真菌有效。
本發明適用於水。
本發明適用於進入混合器之前的食物/飼料成分。
本發明適用於混合器中未混合之食物/飼料成分。
本發明適用於混合食物/飼料成分期間。
本發明係藉由噴嘴來應用。
本發明係藉由噴嘴應用於在線施用系統中。
本發明係以液體形式或以與載體混合之乾燥產品形式應用。
本發明係以使得混合物在整個混合成分中均一及均質分佈的形式應用。
本發明之一個目的為控制食物/飼料成分、食物/飼料及水中之微生物含量。有機酸、有機酸酯及醛之若干混合物可產生在水及食物/飼料中針對細菌顯示有效性的若干調配物。
本發明之其他目的為調配具有天然同樣存在之化合物或使用安全之化合物的抗微生物劑。
本發明中所用之所有化學品當前皆已批准供人類用作抗微生物劑、香料、調味劑及佐劑增強劑。
當組合使用有機酸、有機酸酯及醛時,存在出人意料的結果,亦即協同效應及累加效應。
在整個本申請案中,提及多個公開案。為了更充分地描述本發明所屬領域之目前先進技術,此等公開案之揭示內容以全文引用的方式併入本申請案中。
以0.01%及0.05%之濃度將有機酸之甲酯及乙酯添加至試管中。使管渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌(ATTC:14028)懸浮液添加至各試管中以達成104 cfu/ml之最終濃度。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4瓊脂上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數群落。呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各酯的有效性顯示於表1中。
觀測到鏈長度為C4至C8之有機酸酯在所測試之濃度下針對沙門氏菌屬有效。乙酯一般比甲酯有效。亦觀測到苯甲酸(一種芳環酸)酯及乙酸異戊酯(乙酸之異戊酯)具有殺細菌活性。
將八種有機酸酯(C4-C8有機酸酯及苯甲酸酯)與反-2-己烯醛、壬酸、丙酸、乙酸及水摻合,如表2中所呈現。包括25%己醛:有機酸產品(配方1)及甲酸;丙酸(90:10,F/P)產品作為正控制組。以0.01%及0.005%之濃度將調配物添加至試管中。使管渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。
將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之懸浮液(104 cfu/ml)添加至容納各調配
物之不同稀釋液的試管中。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4瓊脂上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數群落。
呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式的各調配物之有效性顯示在表3至10中。
結論:將5%-20%之有機酸酯添加至含有5%-20%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品中可改良反-2-己烯醛針對沙門氏菌屬之有效性。
製備十八種調配物用於進行試管內研究,如表11中所呈現。包括25%反-2-己醛:有機酸產品(配方1)及甲酸:丙酸(90:10,F/P)產品作為正控制組。以0.005%及0.01%之濃度將調配物添加至試管中。使管渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。
將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之懸浮液(104 cfu/ml)添加至容納各調配物之不同稀釋液之試管中。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4瓊脂上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數沙門氏菌屬群落。呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各調配物的有效性顯示於表12中。
將5%之各酯添加至含有20%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品中在功效上與含有25%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品等效。再添加酯並不會使反-2-己烯醛之濃度進一步降低。
製備十六種調配物用於進行試管內研究,如表13中所呈現。包括甲酸:丙酸(90:10,F/P)產品作為正控制組。以0.005%及0.01%之濃度將調配物添加至試管中。使管渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。
將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之懸浮液(104 cfu/ml)添加至容納各調配物之不同稀釋液的試管中。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數群落。呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各調配物的有效性顯示於表14中。
將有機酸酯添加至含有5%-15%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品中在功效上與該有機酸產品等效或比其更佳。
製備九種調配物用於進行試管內研究,如表15中所呈現。使用配方1作為正控制組。以0.005%及0.01%之濃度將調配物添加至試管中。使管渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。
將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之懸浮液(104 cfu/ml)添加至容納各調配物之不同稀釋液的三個試管中。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數沙門氏菌屬群落。呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各調配物的有效性顯示於表16中。
將20%甲酯或甲酯添加至含有15%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品中在功效上與含有25%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品等效。
製備六種調配物用於進行試管內研究,如表17中所呈現。包括25%反-2-己醛:有機酸產品及甲酸:丙酸(90:10)產品作為正控制組。以0.01%及0.005%之濃度將調配物添加至試管中。使溶液渦旋10秒以均一地混合溶液。
將鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之懸浮液(104 cfu/ml)添加至容納各調配物之不同稀釋液的試管中。使溶液渦旋,在室溫下培育24小時,且接種於XLT-4上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時,隨後計數群落。呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各調配物的有效性顯示於表18中。
將20%戊酸乙酯添加至含有20%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品中在功效上與含有25%反-2-己烯醛之有機酸產品等效。
在此研究中,在飼料中測試多種含有有機酸酯之調配物針對沙門氏菌屬之有效性。包括90%甲酸:10%丙酸(F/P)產品作為正控制組。將含有105 cfu/g鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之乾接種物添加至細粉狀家禽飼料中。在配備有液體噴霧系統之實驗室混合器中將受到污染之飼料混合5分鐘,且隨後以0、1、2或4 Kg/MT之不同調配物處理(表19)。處理之後,將混合器
之內容物轉移至1加侖玻璃罐中,加蓋且使其在室溫(23℃-25℃)下靜置隔夜。在處理後第24小時及/或第7天獲得樣品(四份10 g子樣品/混合器負載)。將10 g飼料子樣品轉移至容納90 mL巴特菲爾德磷酸鹽(Butterfield Phosphate)之瓶中。將稀釋液一式三份接種於XLT-4瓊脂上。將培養盤在37℃下培育48小時。培育之後,計數瓊脂培養盤上鼠傷寒沙門氏菌之含量。
呈相比於控制組值減少百分比形式之各調配物的有效性顯示於表20-30中。
含有戊酸乙酯或戊酸甲酯之配方與基於甲酸:丙酸(F/P)之產品一樣有效。
Claims (10)
- 一種抗微生物組成物,其用於延長水、食物/飼料或食物/飼料成分之儲藏期限,其包含:5-25 wt.%壬酸,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯,1-50 wt.%之單一C1-C24醛或C1-C24醛混合物,C1-C24有機酸之混合物,及水。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該C1-C24醛混合物含有選自由以下組成之群的醛:甲醛、2,6-壬二烯醛、反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛及反-2-己烯醛、10-十一烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛、2,6-二甲基辛醛、2-癸烯醛、2-十二烯醛、2-乙基丁醛、2-苯丙醛、2-十三烯醛、3-苯丙醛、9-十一烯醛、丁醛、肉桂醛、順-4-庚烯醛、檸檬醛、香茅氧基乙醛(citronelloxyacetaldehyde)、小茴香醛、癸醛、糠醛、庚醛、己醛、羥基香茅醛、異丁醛、對乙氧基苯甲醛、苯乙醛、丙醛、對甲苯乙醛、丙酮醛、柳醛、十一烯醛、戊醛、藜蘆醛、α-戊基肉桂醛、α-丁基肉桂醛、α-己基肉桂醛、其各別醇形式及其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該C1-C24有機酸混合物含有乙酸及丙酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該等有機酸酯係選自由有機酸甲酯、乙酯、丙酯及丁酯組成之群。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其含有5-15 wt.%壬酸,10-20 wt.%乙酸,40-50 wt.%丙酸, 5-20 wt.%之選自由以下組成之群的醛:反-2-己烯醛、柳醛、反-2-辛烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛及2,4-癸二烯醛、反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛,5-20 wt.%之其他醛,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯。
- 一種使水、食物/飼料及食物/飼料成分防腐之方法,其包含:以有效量之組成物對水、食物/飼料或食物/飼料成分進行噴霧處理、在線注射、在線混合或摻合,該組成物包含:5-25 wt.%壬酸,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯,1-25 wt.%之選自由以下組成之群的醛:反-2-己烯醛、柳醛、反-2-辛烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛及2,4-癸二烯醛、反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛,C1-C24有機酸之混合物,C1-C24醛之混合物,及水。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該組成物針對存在於飲用水、食物、食物成分、飼料及飼料成分中之細菌、病毒、黴漿菌或真菌有效。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該C1-C24醛混合物含有選自由以下組成之群的醛:甲醛、2,6-壬二烯醛、反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛及反-2-己烯醛、10-十一烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛、2,6-二甲基辛醛、2-癸烯醛、2-十二烯醛、2-乙基丁醛、2-苯丙醛、2-十三烯醛、3-苯丙醛、9-十一烯醛、丁醛、肉桂醛、順-4-庚烯醛、檸檬醛、香茅氧基乙醛、小茴香醛、癸醛、糠醛、庚醛、己醛、羥基香茅醛、異丁醛、對乙氧基苯甲醛、苯乙醛、丙醛、對甲苯乙醛、丙酮醛、柳醛、十一烯醛、戊醛、藜蘆醛、α-戊基肉桂醛、α-丁基肉桂醛、α-己基肉桂醛、其各別醇形式及其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該C1-C24有機酸混合物含有乙酸及丙酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該組成物包含:5-15 wt.%壬酸,10-20 wt.%乙酸,40-50 wt.%丙酸,5-20 wt.%之選自由以下組成之群的醛:反-2-己烯醛、柳醛、反-2-辛烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛及2,4-癸二烯醛、反-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛,5-20 wt.%之其他醛,1-25 wt.%有機酸酯。
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ZA (1) | ZA201402803B (zh) |
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BR112021005603A2 (pt) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-06-29 | Ecoplanet Environmental Llc | formulação, e, métodos para tratar ou prevenir uma infecção patogênica ou de ferida, tratar ou prevenir uma infecção oral, tratar ou prevenir infecção durante ou após um procedimento médico, tratar ou prevenir uma infecção fúngica, administrar a formulação, manter ou melhorar a saúde de um animal e desinfetar uma superfície |
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EP2785205B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
SA113340234B1 (ar) | 2015-07-07 |
PL2785205T3 (pl) | 2021-06-28 |
IL232878A0 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
AR089482A1 (es) | 2014-08-27 |
CN103957732B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
CA2848761A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
ES2859788T3 (es) | 2021-10-04 |
CL2014000915A1 (es) | 2014-08-18 |
AU2012346428A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
HUE053434T2 (hu) | 2021-06-28 |
BR112014013223A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
ZA201402803B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
WO2013081777A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
JP2015504312A (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
US20140323572A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
TWI528907B (zh) | 2016-04-11 |
LT2785205T (lt) | 2021-03-10 |
KR20140097253A (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
US10021901B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
PT2785205T (pt) | 2021-02-24 |
EP2785205A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
MX2014006542A (es) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2013081777A8 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
CN103957732A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
EP2785205A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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