CN103889464B - 具有壬酸的抗微生物制剂 - Google Patents
具有壬酸的抗微生物制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103889464B CN103889464B CN201280051793.9A CN201280051793A CN103889464B CN 103889464 B CN103889464 B CN 103889464B CN 201280051793 A CN201280051793 A CN 201280051793A CN 103889464 B CN103889464 B CN 103889464B
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- aldehyde
- acid
- trans
- nonanoic acid
- feed
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Abstract
一种用于延长水、饲料或饲料成分的保质期的抗微生物组合物,包括:水、CrC18有机酸的混合物、CrC24醛的混合物、5~25wt%的壬酸,以及5~30wt%的反式‑2‑己烯醛。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2011年10月20日递交的美国临时申请61/549661的优先权,在此通过引用将其并入。
技术领域
一种由有机酸和醛的混合物组成的抗微生物制剂,其中,这种组合与添加高含量的其它组分相比产生了协同响应。
背景技术
疾病预防控制中心(CDC)估计:每年大约六分之一的美国人或4800万人因食源性疾病而患病。另外,每年128000人住院治疗并且约3000人死于食源性疾病。在2011年的报告中,CDC估计:20000例的沙门氏菌导致住院治疗,并且这些例中的378例导致死亡。据估计,在美国,大肠杆菌O157:H7引起约62000例的食源性疾病和约1800个食源性疾病相关的住院治疗。
乔治城大学的皮尤慈善信托基金会(Pew Charitable Trusts of GeorgetownUniversity)研究表明,食源性疾病在与健康相关的开支方面每年花费美国1520亿美元。
因为世界趋向于更多天然抗微生物剂和/或有机抗微生物剂,所以找到它们的需求已产生大量的研究,以及由于这些新天然产品/有机产品的低商业可得性而增加了新原料的成本。
多年以来,甲醛一直被用作防腐剂。两项专利,US5547987和US5591467,教导了使用甲醛来控制动物饲料中的沙门氏菌。这些专利没有启示甲醛和有机酸的组合将提供如本发明中所描述的协同效应。
已在许多植物中发现新的抗微生物剂。这些抗微生物剂保护植物免受细菌、真菌、病毒和昆虫侵扰。这些抗微生物剂(它们是植物精油的组分)可以是酸性的醇类或醛类化学品。
本发明中使用的一种挥发性化合物是反式-2-己烯醛,反式-2-己烯醛是具有共轭双键的六碳醛C6H10O,MW=98.14。醛由通式RCHO表示,其中,R可以是氢或芳族基团、脂族基团或杂环基团。它们适度地溶于水并且溶解度随分子量增加而降低。不饱和脂肪醛包括丙烯醛、反式-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-(E)-2-丁烯醛、2-戊烯醛、反式-2-己烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、2-甲基-2-戊醛、2-异丙基丙烯醛、2-乙基-2-丁烯醛、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2-6-辛二烯醛、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、10-十一醛、2-十二烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛等。
反式-2-己烯醛存在于诸如苹果、梨、葡萄、草莓、猕猴桃、西红柿、橄榄等的许多可食用的植物中。植物和植物提取物的使用在寻找新抗微生物剂的研究中已经是成功的。例如,腰果梨对抗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)和猪霍乱沙门菌(S.cholerasuis)是有效的(50~100ug/ml)。发现两种主要组分是漆树酸和反式-2-己烯醛。反式-2-己烯醛的最低抑菌活性和最低杀菌活性分别确定为400ug/ml和800ug/ml(Kubo,J.;Lee,J.R.;Kubo,I.Anti-Helicobacter pylori Agents from the Cashew Apple.J.Agric.FoodChem.1999,v.47,533~537;Kubo,I.And K.Fujita,Naturally Occurring Anti-Salmonella Agents.J.Agric.Food Chem.2001,v.49,5750~5754)。Kim和Shin发现反式-2-己烯醛(247mg/L)对抗蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)、副溶血性弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、单增李斯特菌(L.monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)O157:H7是有效的(Kim,Y.S.;Shin,D.H.VolatileConstituents from the Leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb.and TheirAntibacterial Activities.J.Agric.Food Chem.2004,v.52,781~787)。Nakamura和Hatanaka (Green-leaf-derived C6-aroma compounds with potent antibacterialaction that act on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.J.Agric.FoodChem.2002,v.50no,26,7639~7644)表明(3E)-己烯醛在3~30ug/ml含量时对控制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是有效的。反式-2-己烯醛完全抑制丁香假单胞菌致病变型(P.syringae pathovars)(570μg/L的空气)和大肠杆菌(930μg/L的空气)的增殖(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.Effects of Six-Carbon Aldehydes and Alcohols on BacterialProliferation.J.Agric.Food Chem.1993,v.41,506~510)。观察到250ug/ml的反式-2-己烯醛对抑制茎点霉菌丝体的生长有效(Saniewska,S.和M.Saniewski,2007.The effect oftrans-2-hexenal and trans-2-nonenal on the mycelium growth of Phoma narcissiin vitro,Rocz.AR.Pozn.CCCLXXXIII,Ogrodn.V.41,189~193)。在控制水果中的霉菌的研究中,发现反式-2-己烯醛在40μL/L时对杏子不具有植物毒性,但它对桃子和油桃具有植物毒性(Neri,F.,M.Mari,S.Brigati and P.Bertolini,2007,Fungicidal activity ofplant volatile compounds for controlling Monolinia laxa in stone fruit,PlantDisease v.91,no.1,30~35)。反式-2-己烯醛(12.5μL/L)对控制产生青霉菌的扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)有效(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.Control of Penicillium expansum in pears and apples by trans-2-hexenalvapours.Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,v.41,101~108.Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.Activity of trans-2-hexenal against Penicillium expansum in‘Conference’pears.J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。Fallik,E.等人(Trans-2-hexenal can stimulate Botrytis cinerea growth in vitro and on strawberriesin vivo during storage,J.ASHS.1998,v.123,no.(5,875~881)和Hamilton-Kemp等人(J.Agric.Food Chem.1991,v.39,no.5,952~956)提出,反式-2-己烯醛蒸汽抑制葡萄孢孢子和苹果花粉的发芽。
美国已公开的申请2007/0087094提出使用与少于50%的醇(异丙醇或异丙醇/乙醇)组合的至少两种一般认为安全(GRAS)的具有杀微生物活性的化合物作为杀微生物剂。反式-2-己烯醛可被认为是GRAS化合物之一(Schuer.Process for Improving theDurability of,and/or Stabilizing,Microbially Perishable Products.美国已公开的申请2007/0087094)。另外,Archbold等人观察到,将0.86mmol或1.71mmol(分别对应每1.1L容器100μL或200μL的纯净化合物)的2-己烯醛用于无核鲜食葡萄的采后熏蒸(postharvestfumigation)2个星期表现出对控制霉菌的潜力(Archbold,D.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Clements,A.;Collins,R.Fumigating‘Crimson Seedless’Table Grapes with(E)-2-Hexenal Reduces Mold during Long-term Postharvest Storage.HortScience.1999,v.34,no.(4,705~707)。
美国专利5698599提出通过用反式-2-己烯醛处理食品来抑制食品中霉菌毒素的产生的方法。反式-2-己烯醛在8ng/L的空气浓度时完全抑制黄曲霉(A.flavus)、特异青霉(P.notatum)、烟草赤星病菌(A.alternate)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、枝孢属物种(Cladosporium species)、枯草芽胞杆菌(B.subtilis)和根癌土壤杆菌(A.tumerfaciens)的生长。当比较反式-2-己烯醛与柠檬醛在控制饮料中酵母(105CFU/瓶)时,发现25ppm的反式-2-己烯醛且热处理(56℃下20分钟)相当于100~120ppm的柠檬醛。在没有热处理过的饮料中,需要35ppm的反式-2-己烯醛来稳定它们(Belletti,N.;Kamdem,S.;Patrignani,F.;Lanciotti,R.;Covelli,A.;Gardini,F.Antimicrobial Activity of Aroma Compoundsagainst Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Improvement of Microbiological Stabilityof Soft Drinks as Assessed by Logistic Regression.AEM.2007,v.73,no.17,5580~5586)。反式-2-己烯醛不仅已被用作抗微生物剂,而且还已观察到它有效控制昆虫。挥发物(即反式-2-己烯醛)对抗诸如赤拟谷盗(Tibolium castaneum)、谷蠹(Rhyzoperthadominica)、谷象(Sitophilus granaries)、米象(Sitophilus orazyzae)和锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes perrugineus)的昆虫是有效的(Hubert,J.;Munzbergova,Z.;Santino,A.Plant volatile aldehydes as natural insecticides against stored-productbeetles.Pest Manag.Sci.2008,v.64,57~64)。美国专利6201026(Hammond etal.Volatile Aldehydes as Pest Control Agents)提出用于控制蚜虫的3个或更多个碳原子的有机醛。
几项专利提出将反式-2-己烯醛用作香味剂或香料。美国专利6596681提出将反式-2-己烯醛用作在用于表面清洁的擦拭物中的香味剂。美国专利6387866、美国专利6960350和美国专利7638114提出了将精油或萜烯(例如,反式-2-己烯醛)用作抗微生物产品的香料。美国专利6479044公开了包含阴离子表面活性剂、聚阳离子抗菌剂和水的抗菌溶液,其中精油作为香料而被添加。该香料可以是诸如反式-2-己烯醛的萜烯或其它类型的萜烯。美国专利6323171、美国专利6121224和美国专利5911915公开了包含阳离子表面活性剂的抗微生物目的的微乳液,其中精油作为香料而被添加。该香料可含有包括反式-2-己烯醛的多种萜烯。美国专利6960350公开了抗真菌的香味剂,其中当组合使用不同的萜烯(例如,反式-2-己烯醛与苯甲醛)时发现协同效应。
反式-2-己烯醛的作用模式认为是由于不饱和醛与巯基或半胱氨酸残基的反应或与肽和蛋白质中的氨基基团形成席夫碱而改变了细胞膜(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.Effects of Six-CarbonAldehydes and Alcohols on Bacterial Proliferation.J.Agric.Food Chem.1993,v.41,506~510)。反式-2-己烯醛被报道起表面活性剂的作用,但它可能通过被动扩散渗透穿过质膜。一旦在细胞内部,其α,β-不饱和醛部分与生物学上重要的亲核基团反应。已知的是,该醛部分在生理条件下主要通过1,4-加成反应与巯基基团反应(Patrignani,F.;Lucci,L.;Belletti,N.;Gardini,F.;Guerzoni,M.E.;Lanciotti,R.Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal on membrane fatty acidcomposition and volatile compounds of Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcusaureus,Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli.International J.FoodMicro.2008,v.123,1~8)。
已提出了反式-2-己烯醛对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制是由于脂质双层中的其分区的疏水键和氢键。电子传输系统的破坏和膜的渗透性的扰动也已被提出作为作用模式(Gardini,F.;Lanciotti,R.;Guerzoni,M.E.Effect of trans-2-hexenal onthe growth of Aspergillus flavus in relation to its concentration,temperatureand water activity.Letters in App.Microbiology.2001,v.33,50~55)。扩展青霉腐烂的抑制可能是由于损坏发芽的分生孢子的真菌膜(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.Control of Penicillium expansum in pears and apples bytrans-2-hexenal vapours.Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,v.41,101~108;Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.Activity of trans-2-hexenal againstPenicillium expansum in‘Conference’pears.J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。
已经进行反式-2-己烯醛与类似化合物的比较的研究。Deng等人表明不饱和挥发物反式-2-己烯醛和反式-2-己烯-1-醇比饱和挥发物己醛和1-己醇表现出更大的抑制效果(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.Effects of Six-Carbon Aldehydes and Alcohols on BacterialProliferation.J.Agric.Food Chem.1993,v.41,506~510)。对抗所有美国型培养菌种集(ATCC)菌株,反式-2-己烯醛比己醛、壬醛和反式-2-辛烯醛具有更高的活性(Bisignano,G.;Lagana,M.G.;Trombetta,D.;Arena,S.;Nostro,A.;Uccella,N.;Mazzanti,G.;Saija,A.In vitro antibacterial activity of some aliphatic aldehydes from Oleaeuropaea L.FEMS Microbiology Letters.2001,v.198,9~13)。其他人已发现,根据对几种霉菌的测定,(E)-2-己烯醛比己醛、1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇和(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇具有更低的最低真菌生长抑制浓度,基本上醛>酮>醇(Andersen,R.A.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Hilderbrand,D.F.;McCraken Jr.,C.T.;Collins,R.W.;Fleming,P.D.Structure—Antifungal Activity Relationships among Volatile C6and C9Aliphatic Aldehydes,Ketones,and Alcohols.J.Agric.Food Chem.1994,v.42,1563~1568)。在抑制沙门氏菌上,己烯醛和己酸比己醇更有效(Kubo,I.And K.Fujita,Naturally Occurring Anti-Salmonella Agents.J.Agric.Food Chem.2001,v.49,5750~5754)。
Muroi等人提出反式-2-己烯醛表现出广泛的抗微生物活性,但其生物活性(50~400μg/mL)通常没有强到足以考虑到实际应用(Muroi,H.;Kubo,A.;Kubo,I.AntimicrobialActivity of Cashew Apple Flavor Compounds,J.Agric.Food Chem.1993,v.41,1106~1109)。研究已表明反式-2己烯醛能增强某些类型的抗微生物剂的效力。若干专利提出使用氨基糖苷类抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5663152)、多粘菌素抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5776919和美国专利5587358)。这些增效剂可包括吲哚、茴香脑、3-甲基吲哚、2-羟基-6-R-苯甲酸或2-己烯醛。当反式-2-庚烯醛(trans-2-eptenal)、反式-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛一起被测试(比例1:1:1:1)对抗ATCC和临床隔离的微生物菌株时,观察到强大的协同效应(Bisignano,G.;Lagana,M.G.;Trombetta,D.;Arena,S.;Nostro,A.;Uccella,N.;Mazzanti,G.;Saija,A.In vitro antibacterial activity of somealiphatic aldehydes from Olea europaea L.FEMS Microbiology Letters.2001,v.198,9~13)。
人类每天都通过食品和饮料的消耗而接触反式-2-己烯醛。人类接触的反式-2-己烯醛是约350μg/kg/天,98%来自天然源和2%来自人造调味料。反式-2-己烯醛不太可能对人体有毒,因为在鼠中的毒性含量高于人体正常摄入量的30倍(Stout,M.D.;Bodes,E.;Schoonhoven,R.;Upton,P.B.;Travlos,G.S.;Swenberg,J.A.Toxicity,DNA Binding,andCell Proliferation in Male F344Rats following Short-term Gavage Exposures toTrans-2-Hexenal.Soc.Toxicologic.Pathology March242008,1533~1601online)。在另一鼠研究中,以0(对照)、260、640、1600或4000ppm的膳食含量喂食反式-2-己烯醛13周,没有引起血液参数或器官重量的任何变化。4000ppm时体重和摄入量减少,但不显著(Gaunt,I.F.;Colley,J.Acute and Short-term Toxicity Studies on trans-2-Hexenal.FdCosmet.Toxicol.1971,v.9,775~786)。
即使在水果中,梨和苹果暴露于反式-2-己烯醛24小时至7天(12.5μL/L)不影响水果外观、色泽、硬度、可溶性固体含量或可滴定的酸度。在训练有素的尝味员中,未经处理的和反式-2-己烯醛处理的“金冠(Golden Delicious)”苹果的感官质量没有观察到显著差异,而在“巴梨(Bartlett)”、“阿贝提(Abate Fetel)”和“皇家嘎啦(Royal Gala)”水果中察觉到异味的保持(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.Control ofPenicillium expansum in pears and apples by trans-2-hexenalvapours.Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,41,101~108;Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.Activity of trans-2-hexenal against Penicillium expansum in‘Conference’pears.J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。
已发现柠檬醛和肉桂醛是抗真菌的。这些醛的作用模式是通过与真菌的硫基(-SH)反应(Ceylan E and D Fung.Antimicrobial Activity of Spices.J.Rapid Methodsin Microbiology.2004v.12,1~55)。
美国专利6750256和美国专利RE39543提出使用类似α-己基肉桂醛的芳族醛来控制蚂蚁种群,但没有提出醛与有机酸组合以改进效力或活性成分的减少或它们对细菌控制的效力的任何协同效应。
芫荽(Coriandrum sativum)的精油含有55.5%的醛,上述醛对防止革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的生长是有效的。这些醛包括:正辛醛、壬醛、2E-己烯醛、癸醛、2E-癸烯醛、十一碳烯醛、十二醛、2E-十二碳烯醛、十三醛、2E-十三烯-1-醛和3-十二烯-1-醛(Matasyoh,J.C.,Z.C.Maiyo,R.R.Ngure and R.Chepkorir.Chemical Composition andAntimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Coriandrum sativum.FoodChemistry.2009,v.113,526~529)。
目前将糠醛(一种环状醛)用作杀真菌剂和杀线虫剂,但没有如本发明中所示出的它与有机酸(即壬酸)组合使用的报道。
二种醛,正癸醛和壬醛,对控制真菌生长有效(Dilantha Fernando,W.G.,R.Ramaranthnam,A.Krihnamoorthy and S.Savchuck.Identification and use ofpotential organic antifungal volatiles in biocontrol.Soil Biology andBiochemistry.2005,v.37,955~964)。
现有技术并没有提出或观察到有机酸与醛的组合使用改进两种组分中任一种自身的抗微生物活性。已提出与精油组合的协同作用和作为抗生素的增效剂。
商业霉菌抑制剂和杀细菌剂由单一的有机酸或有机酸和甲醛的混合物组成。这些酸主要是丙酸、苯甲酸、丁酸、乙酸和甲酸。有机酸已是降低食源性感染发生率的主要添加剂。短链脂肪酸发挥它们的抗微生物活性的机制是:未离解的(RCOOH=非电离)酸是脂渗透的,而且以这种方式它们能穿过微生物的细胞壁并在微生物更碱性的内部离解(RCOOH—>RCOO-+H+)使细胞质对于生存来讲是不稳定的(Van Immerseel,F.,J.B.Russell,M.D.Flythe,I.Gantois,L.Timbermont,F.Pasmans,F.Haesebrouck,andR.Ducatelle.2006,The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry:amechanistic explanation of the efficacy,Avian Pathology.v.35,no.3,182~188;Paster,N.1979,A commercial study of the efficiency of propionic acid and acidand calcium propionate as fungistats in poultry feed,Poult.Sci.v.58,572~576)。
壬酸(正壬酸)是天然存在的脂肪酸。它是在较低温度下变成固体的油性无色液体。与丁酸相比它有微弱的气味而且几乎不溶于水。壬酸已被用作非选择性除草剂。塞斯(Scythe)(57%壬酸、3%的相关脂肪酸和40%的惰性材料)是由Mycogen公司/陶氏化学品公司(Mycogen/Dow Chemicals)生产的广谱萌发后或毁灭性(burn-down)除草剂。壬酸的除草作用模式首先是由于在黑暗和日光过程中的膜渗漏,以及第二是由于在日光过程中通过敏化从类囊体膜移位的叶绿素而产生的自由基驱动的过氧化反应(B.Lederer,T.Fujimori.,Y.Tsujino,K.Wakabayashi and P.Boger,2004Phytotoxic activity of middle-chainfatty acids II:peroxidation and membrane effects.Pesticide Biochemistry andPhysiology80:151~156)。
Chadeganipour和Haims(2001)表明:中等链长的脂肪酸阻止石膏样小孢子菌生长的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)在固体介质上是0.02mg/ml癸酸,0.04mg/ml壬酸;在液体介质中是0.075mg/ml癸酸和0.05mg/ml壬酸。这些酸独立地而不是作为混合物被测试(Antifungalactivities of pelargonic and capric acid on Microsporum gypseum Mycoses v.44,no3~4,109~112)。N.Hirazawa等人(Antiparasitic effect of medium-chain fattyacids against ciliated Crptocaryon irritans infestation in the red sea breamPagrus major,2001,Aquaculture v.198,219~228)发现:壬酸和C6~C10脂肪酸对控制寄生虫刺激隐核虫(C.irritans)的生长有效;C8、C9和C19是更有效力的。发现用于可可植物的生物防治的哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)产生作为许多化学品之一的壬酸,其有效地控制可可病原体的发芽和生长。(M Aneja,T.Gianfagna和P.Hebbar,2005)。
若干美国专利公开了将壬酸用作杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂:美国已公开的申请2004/026685公开了由一种或多种脂肪酸和不同于该脂肪酸的一种或多种有机酸组成的农业用途的杀真菌剂。在上述有机酸和脂肪酸的混合物中,有机酸起用作杀真菌剂的脂肪酸的强力协作剂的作用。美国专利5366995公开了通过使用脂肪酸和它们的衍生物消除植物中真菌感染和细菌感染并提高植物中杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂的活性的方法。该制剂含有用于控制植物真菌的80%的壬酸或它的盐。使用的脂肪酸主要是C9~C18。美国专利5342630公开了含有增强C8~C22脂肪酸功效的无机盐的用于植物用途的新型杀虫剂。其中一个实施例示出了具有2%的壬酸、2%的癸酸、80%的滑石、10%的碳酸钠和5%的碳酸钾的粉末状产品。美国专利5093124公开了包含α单羧酸和它们的盐的用于植物的杀真菌剂和杀节肢动物剂(arthropodice)。优选杀真菌剂由部分地被诸如钾的活性碱金属中和的C9~C10脂肪酸组成。描述的混合物由溶解在水中的40%的活性成分组成并包括10%的壬酸、10%的癸酸和20%的椰子脂肪酸,所有的酸都被氢氧化钾中和。美国专利6596763公开了包括C6~C18脂肪酸或它们的衍生物的控制皮肤感染的方法。美国专利6103768和美国专利6136856公开了脂肪酸及其衍生物的独特效用以消除植物中存在的真菌感染和细菌感染。该方法不是预防性的而是对已经建立的感染表现出效力。具有80%的壬酸、2%的乳化剂和18%的表面活性剂的商用产品夏普苏特(Sharpshooter)表现出抗青霉菌和灰葡萄孢菌的有效性。美国专利6638978公开了由甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸(C6~C18)和第二脂肪酸(C6~C18)的二元混合物组成的用于食品防腐的抗微生物性防腐剂,其中第二脂肪酸不同于第一脂肪酸。WO01/97799公开了将中等链长脂肪酸用作抗微生物剂。它表明pH值从6.5到7.5的增长增加含有6至8个碳的链的短链脂肪酸的MIC。
在食品加工场所中,壬酸被用作的食品接触表面消毒液的组分。来自艺康集团(Ecolab)的由6.49%的壬酸作为活性成分的产品可用作所有食品接触表面的消毒剂(12CFR178.1010b)。FDA已批准壬酸作为合成食品调味剂(21CFR172.515),作为辅料、生产助剂和消毒剂用于与食品的接触中(12CFR178.1010)以及用于水果和蔬菜的清洗中或辅助水果和蔬菜的去皮中(12CFR173.315)。壬酸被USDA列在认证物质的USDA列单中,1990年,5.14节,果蔬清洗化合物(Authorized Substances,1990,section5.14,Fruit andVegetable Washing Compounds)。
本发明仅涉及从植物中提取的或化学合成的醛中的一些醛的应用,这些醛通过添加有机酸,特别是壬酸,协同地提高这些化合物的抗微生物能力。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种协同地提高有机酸和醛的杀菌效果的组合物。
该组合物可以是包括组合有醛的有机酸或组合有醛的若干有机酸的混合物的溶液。
该组合物还可以包括由脂氧合酶途径所产生的挥发性醛。
该组合物的醛包括:丁醛、十一碳烯醛、柠檬醛、癸醛、癸烯醛、2-4-癸二烯醛和其它C1~C24碳长度或形状的醛。
该组合物的有机酸包括:1~24个碳的链长度的、饱和的、不饱和的、环状的有机酸或其它有机酸。
本发明的有效混合物包括1~70体积%的有机酸,
本发明的有效混合物包括0~70体积%的壬酸。
本发明的有效混合物包括5~50%的醛。
本发明的有效混合物包括0~70体积%的水。
上述组合物有效地对抗存在于饲料和主要饲料成分中的各种真菌。
上述组合物有效地对抗存在于饲料和主要饲料成分中的各种细菌。
上述组合物有效地对抗存在于水中的各种细菌和真菌。
上述组合物有效地对抗对由纤维素、淀粉或糖的发酵来生产醇不利的微生物。
具体实施方式
在本说明书和随后的权利要求中,将引用一些术语,这些术语应被定义为具有下述含义。
定义
组分的“体积百分数”是基于其中包括该组分的制剂或组合物的总体积。
组合物的有机酸可以包括:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、壬酸、乳酸和其它C2~C24脂肪酸或含有C1~C24脂肪酸的单甘油酯、双甘油酯或三甘油酯。这些脂肪酸包括短链、中链、长链的脂肪酸或短链、中链、长链的三甘油酯。
术语“有效量”的化合物是指:能够发挥该化合物的功能或有效量所要表达的性能的量,诸如化合物无毒但足以提供需要的抗微生物益处的量。因此,本领域普通技术人员仅使用常规实验可以确定合适的有效量。
制剂不仅能在主要组分的浓度即有机酸的浓度方面变化,还可以在醛的类型和使用的水浓度方面变化。通过从制剂中添加或去除有机酸的类型和醛的类型而能以若干方式修改本发明。
术语组合物的“协同效应或协同作用”是指:当成分作为混合物而不是作为单独的组分被添加时,提高了防腐效果。
组合物
本发明的组合物包含有效量的1~24个碳的链的有机酸和有效量的醛。
该组合物可包括:1~100体积%的有机酸、0~99体积%的乙酸、0~99体积%的丙酸、0~99%的乳酸、0~99%的壬酸。该组合物可包括0~99%的水。该组合物可包括0~99%的其它醛。
方法
本发明有效地对抗细菌和真菌。
将本发明应用于水。
将本发明应用于进入混合器之前的原料。
将本发明应用于混合器中未混合的原料。
在混合原料成分期间应用本发明。
以液体形式应用本发明或作为混合有载体的干产物来应用本发明。
以在整体饲料中提供均一且均匀分布的混合物的形式来应用本发明。
本发明的目的之一是控制饲料和饲料原料(feedstuff)中微生物的含量。有机酸和醛的若干种混合物形成若干种表现出有效对抗缓冲液和饲料中的细菌的制剂。本发明的其它目的是用天然存在的化合物或安全使用(safe-to-use)的化合物配制抗微生物剂。本发明中使用的所有化学品都是当前批准用于人类的抗微生物剂、香味增强剂或香精(perfumery)。
当使用有机酸和醛时,存在意想不到的结果,即协同作用和相加效应(additiveeffect)。
整个本申请中,引用多篇出版物。这些出版物的公开内容以其整体在此通过引用而并入本申请中,以便充分地描述本发明所属领域的现有技术。
实施例1
以表1中所示的浓度将甲醛和/或壬酸添加到试管中。使溶液涡旋10秒以确保混合。每种处理有三支重复的管。将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的悬浮液(103cfu/ml,ATCC#14028)添加到含有每种制剂的三支试管中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数之前,使上述溶液涡旋,在室温下培养24小时,在SMA(标准方法琼脂)上接种(plate)24小时。
每种制剂的效力,以与它的对照值相比的减少百分数计,示出在下面的表中。
观察了甲醛和甲醛:壬酸处理的剂量响应曲线。测试的最大剂量的壬酸是不杀菌的。0.00125~0.0025%的壬酸确实表现出提高甲醛的效力。
实施例2
以表2中所示的浓度将甲醛和/或壬酸添加到试管中。使溶液涡旋10秒以确保混合。每种处理有三支重复的管。将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的悬浮液(103cfu/ml,ATCC#14028)添加到三支含有每种制剂的试管中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数之前,使上述溶液涡旋,在室温下培养24小时,并且在SMA(标准方法琼脂)上接种24小时。
每种制剂的效力,以与它的对照值相比的减少百分数计,示出在下面的表中。
观察了甲醛、壬酸和甲醛:壬酸处理的剂量响应曲线。0.00125~0.0025%的壬酸对沙门氏菌减少没有显著影响。然而,当将这些含量的壬酸与甲醛混合时,提高了甲醛的杀菌功效。
实施例3
如表3中所示,制备用于体外研究的五种制剂。以0.01%和0.05%的浓度将制剂添加到试管中。使溶液涡旋10秒以确保混合。每种处理有三支重复的管。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的悬浮液(104cfu/ml)添加到三支含有每种配方的不同稀释液的试管中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数之前,使这些试管涡旋,在室温下培养24小时,并且然后在SMA(标准方法琼脂)上接种48小时。每种制剂的效力以与它的对照值相比的减少百分数计来报告,每种制剂的效力示于下表中。
10%的壬酸增加了反式-2-己烯醛的功效。
实施例4
从研究3中选择了的三种制剂以测试它们对抗饲料中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(ATCC#14028)的效力。用103cfu/g饲料的含量的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉和骨粉接种体来改进家禽粉状饲料。然后,用0、1.5或2kg/MT的下列制剂来处理被污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g未处理的和已处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的巴特菲尔德(Butterfield)缓冲液中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数之前,将稀释液接种在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。在处理7天后,取额外的样品用于沙门氏菌计数。所使用的配方示于下表中。
结果:下表示出所有的制剂都有效地对抗沙门氏菌。增加壬酸的含量产生与高含量的己烯醛类似的功效。
实施例5
选择在实施例3中使用的五种制剂以测试它们对抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的效力。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉和骨粉接种体来改进家禽粉状饲料。然后,用0或2kg/MT的制剂来处理被污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g已处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的巴特菲尔德缓冲液中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数之前,将稀释液接种在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。在处理7天后,取额外的样品用于沙门氏菌计数。
下表示出所有的制剂都有效地对抗沙门氏菌。
相等浓度的壬酸和反式-2-己烯醛产生与高含量(25%)反式-2-己烯醛相似的效力。
实施例6
比较了来自实施例3的由25%反式-2-己烯醛、5%壬酸和70%水性有机酸组成的配方1与反式-2-己烯醛在饲料中的残余活性。比较了用0.1、0.25、0.5或1.0kg/吨的己烯醛处理的家禽粉状饲料和用1kg/吨的己烯醛:壬酸组合产品(0.25kg/吨己烯醛)处理的家禽粉状饲料。在处理后1、6和13天时,以103cfu/g饲料的含量用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉和骨粉接种体来污染饲料。24小时后,将10g未处理的和已处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的巴特菲尔德缓冲液中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数前,将稀释液接种在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。
下表比较了壬酸对己烯醛抗沙门氏菌的残余活性的影响。
向反式-2-己烯醛中添加壬酸(5%)产生比反式-2-己烯醛自身更好的对抗沙门氏菌的效力。
实施例7
如表9所示,将七种醛(丁醛、柠檬醛、十一碳烯醛、癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛和糠醛)与反式-2-己烯醛、壬酸、丙酸和乙酸共混。包括20%(X-1)和25%(F18)己醛:有机酸产品作为正控制。以0.1%、0.05%、0.01%和0.005%的浓度将制剂添加到试管中。使溶液涡旋10秒以均匀地混合溶液。每种处理有三支重复的管。将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的悬浮液(104cfu/ml)添加到三支含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的试管中。在对沙门氏菌菌落计数前,使溶液涡旋,在室温下培养24小时,然后接种在XLT-4琼脂上48小时。
每种制剂的效力,以与对照值相比的减少百分比计,示出在下面的表中。
结果:
1、在5%的壬酸的情况下,丁醛自身不像反式-2-己烯醛一样有效。
2、在10%的壬酸的情况下,20%的丁醛像20%的反式-2-己烯醛一样有效。
3、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,丁醛可部分地替代反式-2-己烯醛。
4、在5%的壬酸的情况下,柠檬醛自身不像反式-2-己烯醛一样有效。
5、在10%的壬酸的情况下,20%的柠檬醛像20%的反式-2-己烯醛一样有效。
6、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,柠檬醛可部分地替代反式-2-己烯醛。
7、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,十一碳烯醛可替代反式-2-己烯醛。
8、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,癸二烯醛可替代反式-2-己烯醛。
9、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,肉桂醛可替代反式-2-己烯醛。
10、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,癸醛可替代反式-2-己烯醛。
11、在5%的壬酸和10%的壬酸两种情况下,糠醛可替代反式-2-己烯醛。
12、所有测试的制剂与具有25%或20%的反式-2-己烯醛的正配方或甲酸/丙酸制剂一样有效,并且在某些情况下比具有25%或20%的反式-2-己烯醛的正配方或甲酸/丙酸制剂更好。
结论:
壬酸加强每种单独的醛和醛组合的功效。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以对本发明进行若干修改和变更而不背离上述教导的精神和范围。其目的在于,本说明书和实施例应认为仅是示例性的,而不是限制性的。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于延长水、饲料或饲料成分的保质期的抗微生物组合物,包括:
0~70wt%的水,
1~70%的C1~C18有机酸或C1~C18有机酸的混合物,所述C1~C18有机酸不是壬酸,
5~50wt%的C1~C24醛或C1~C24醛的混合物,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛,或其中所述C1~C24醛的混合物含有反式-2-己烯醛和选自由丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛和糠醛组成的组中的另外的醛,以及
5~10wt%的壬酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述C1~C18有机酸的混合物含有乙酸和丙酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,含有:
5~10wt%的壬酸,
10~20wt%的乙酸,
40~50wt%的丙酸,以及
5~20wt%的C1~C24醛,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,含有:
5~10wt%的壬酸,
10~20wt%的乙酸,
40~50wt%的丙酸,
5~25wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,以及
5~20wt%的C1~C24醛,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛。
5.一种用于延长水、饲料或饲料成分的保质期的方法,包括:
向水、饲料或饲料成分喷雾处理或掺和有效量的组合物,所述组合物包括:
0~70wt%的水,
1~70%的C1~C18有机酸或C1~C18有机酸的混合物,所述C1~C18有机酸不是壬酸,
5~50wt%的C1~C24醛或C1~C24醛的混合物,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛,其中所述C1~C24醛的混合物含有反式-2-己烯醛和选自由丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛和糠醛组成的组中的另外的醛,以及
5~10wt%的壬酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述组合物对于对抗存在于饮用水、饲料和饲料成分中的细菌、病毒、支原体或真菌是有效的。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述C1~C18有机酸的混合物含有乙酸和丙酸。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述组合物含有:
5~10wt%的壬酸,
10~20wt%的乙酸,
40~50wt%的丙酸,以及
5~20wt%的C1~C24醛,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述组合物含有:
5~10wt%的壬酸,
10~20wt%的乙酸,
40~50wt%的丙酸,
5~25wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,以及
5~20wt%的C1~C24醛,其中所述C1~C24醛是丁醛、十一碳烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、肉桂醛、癸醛或糠醛。
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US10736343B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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EP2768539B2 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
WO2013059012A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2768539A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
KR20140078680A (ko) | 2014-06-25 |
AR088347A1 (es) | 2014-05-28 |
MX2014004618A (es) | 2014-05-27 |
CL2014000855A1 (es) | 2014-09-05 |
TW201316907A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
BR112014009503A2 (pt) | 2017-04-18 |
CA2848777A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2768539B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
CN103889464A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
LT2768539T (lt) | 2017-04-10 |
HUE033375T2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
ES2618638T3 (es) | 2017-06-21 |
RU2014115606A (ru) | 2015-11-27 |
AU2012326529A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US20150031762A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
PL2768539T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
IL231976A0 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
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