CN103935103B - 一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103935103B
CN103935103B CN201410136469.8A CN201410136469A CN103935103B CN 103935103 B CN103935103 B CN 103935103B CN 201410136469 A CN201410136469 A CN 201410136469A CN 103935103 B CN103935103 B CN 103935103B
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graphene
polyvinyl alcohol
preparation
sheet metal
metal
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CN103935103A (zh
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燕绍九
杨程
洪起虎
刘大博
戴圣龙
林左鸣
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
Beijing Graphene Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY GROUP Corp
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/075217 priority patent/WO2015149384A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明是一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法，该方法首先将单分散的石墨烯溶液与聚乙烯醇溶液均匀混合制备出石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料，然后通过喷涂的方式将石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料喷涂到金属板材的上、下表面，之后加热去除涂层中的聚乙烯醇，最后将多块金属板材叠加后采用热轧的方式制备出石墨烯复合板材。本发明通过使用石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料与金属板材复合，石墨烯的分散性可以得到保证，之后采用热轧的工艺有利于石墨烯均匀的分散到板材基体中，发挥石墨烯的强化效果。本发明能够较好的保留石墨烯和金属材料本征物性的前提下实现了石墨烯与金属板材的分子结合，而且本发明工艺简单，易于实现大批量大尺寸的石墨烯复合板材的制备，降低生产成本，在轻质装甲材料及航空、航天等领域均具有优异的工程应用前景。

Description

一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明是一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法，属于复合材料技术领域。
技术背景
石墨烯是一种新型二维纳米材料，其强度高达1.01Tpa，是结构钢的100倍，而密度却是结构钢的1/5。在传统的工艺方法已很难提高金属材料强度的背景下，石墨烯成为了增强金属材料的又一重要方向。石墨烯为单分子层或几个分子层的片状结构,长度范围在20μm～50μm之间,主要的制备方法有物理法和化学法，目前市场上普遍采用化学法制备大批量的石墨烯。由于石墨烯密度小，提高金属材料强度的同时还能降低材料的密度。同时石墨烯还具有超高的电子迁移率（200000cm2/V·S）、电导率、热导率(5000W/m·K)、杨氏模量（1100GPa）等优异性能，因此将石墨烯复合到铝、钛、镁等金属材料中，预期可以得到轻质高强、兼备导电、导热等功能特性的结构功能一体化的复合材料。
由于石墨烯与金属材料之间的性质差异很大，导致石墨烯与金属基体材料很难复合成型，对现有技术文件检索发现，国内外的石墨烯增强金属基复合材料主要采用的是将石墨烯粉末与金属粉末混合，采用粉末冶金的工艺制备石墨烯增强材料。而关于利用石墨烯浆料制备石墨烯复合金属板材方面的报道却没有。
发明内容
本发明正是针对上述现有技术状况而设计提供了一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法，该方法采用浆料法制备高强度石墨烯复合金属板材，通过喷涂的工艺将石墨烯浆料涂覆在金属板材表面，之后通过热轧的工艺制备高强度的石墨烯复合板材，这种高强度的石墨烯复合板材在轻质装甲材料及航空、航天等领域均具有优异的工程应用前景。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
该种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法的步骤是：
⑴将50g的聚乙烯醇加入到450ml蒸馏水中，加热到100℃，采用机械搅拌，配置聚乙烯醇溶液；
⑵将25g石墨烯加入到475ml蒸馏水中，利用超声细胞粉碎仪制备出石墨烯溶液，超声细胞粉碎仪的工作时间超过30分钟；
⑶将步骤⑴配置的聚乙烯醇溶液与步骤⑵制备出的石墨烯溶液均匀混合，形成石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料；
⑷将金属板材进行表面活化处理后，采用喷涂的方式将石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料涂覆到金属板材的上、下表面，涂层的厚度大于100μm；
⑸采用真空烧结的方式或着在氩气的保护气氛下去除金属板材表面涂层中的聚乙烯醇，真空烧结的温度为500℃，得到石墨烯金属板材；
⑹将不少于两块的石墨烯金属板材上、下面互相贴合叠加在一起后，采用热等静压的方式使金属板材粘结到一起；
⑺对步骤⑹得到的多层粘结在一起的石墨烯金属板材进行热轧，制备出石墨烯复合金属板材。热轧的方式可以使石墨烯均匀的分散到金属板材的基体中，显著提高金属板材的强度。
本发明具有的优点和有益效果是：
第一，本方法采用超声振荡的方式制备出单分散石墨烯均匀溶液，之后将单分散石墨烯与聚乙烯醇溶液混合制备出石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料，使用石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料与金属板材复合，石墨烯的分散性可以得到保证；
第二，通过叠轧的方式制备石墨烯复合板材，有利于石墨烯均匀的分散到板材基体中，发挥石墨烯的强化效果；
第三，石墨烯相比于SiC等增强材料具有更好的韧性，在轧制过程中石墨烯还能具有润滑的效果，有利于金属的轧制成型；
第四，本发明实现了石墨烯与金属板材的分子结合，且能够较好的保留石墨烯和金属材料的本征物性；
第五，本发明工艺简单，易于实现大批量大尺寸的石墨烯复合板材的制备，降低生产成本，在轻质装甲材料及航空、航天等领域均具有优异的工程应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步地详述：
实施例1
该种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法的步骤是：
⑴将50g的聚乙烯醇加入到450ml蒸馏水中，加热到100℃，采用机械搅拌，配置聚乙烯醇溶液；
⑵将25g石墨烯加入到475ml蒸馏水中，利用超声细胞粉碎仪制备出单分散的石墨烯溶液，超声细胞粉碎仪的工作时间超过30分钟；
⑶将步骤⑴配置的聚乙烯醇溶液与步骤⑵制备出的石墨烯溶液均匀混合，形成石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料；
⑷选择3～5块厚度为1mm～4mm铝合金板材或者选择6～10块厚度为1mm～2mm铝合金板材，将铝合金板材进行表面活化处理后，去除氧化皮，清洁干燥，采用喷涂的方式将石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料涂覆到铝合金板材的上、下表面，喷涂分10次完成，每次喷涂厚度约10μm，涂层的总厚度为100μm～120μm；
⑸采用真空烧结的方式或着在氩气的保护气氛下去除铝合金板材表面涂层中的聚乙烯醇，真空烧结的温度为500℃，得到石墨烯铝合金板材；
⑹将多块石墨烯铝合金板材上、下面互相贴合叠加在一起后，采用热等静压的方式使铝合金板材粘结到一起，热等静压的温度为480℃，压力为110Mpa，时间为2小时；
⑺对步骤⑹得到的多层粘结在一起的石墨烯铝合金板材进行热轧，热轧温度为440℃～480℃，制备出石墨烯复合铝合金板材。

Claims (1)

1.一种石墨烯/金属复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法的步骤是：
⑴将50g的聚乙烯醇加入到450ml蒸馏水中，加热到100℃，采用机械搅拌，配置聚乙烯醇溶液；
⑵将25g石墨烯加入到475ml蒸馏水中，利用超声细胞粉碎仪制备出石墨烯溶液，超声细胞粉碎仪的工作时间超过30分钟；
⑶将步骤⑴配置的聚乙烯醇溶液与步骤⑵制备出的石墨烯溶液均匀混合，形成石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料；
⑷将金属板材进行表面活化处理后，采用喷涂的方式将石墨烯/聚乙烯醇混合浆料涂覆到金属板材的上、下表面，涂层的厚度大于100μm；
⑸采用真空烧结的方式或者在氩气的保护气氛下去除金属板材表面涂层中的聚乙烯醇，真空烧结的温度为500℃，得到石墨烯金属板材；
⑹将不少于两块的石墨烯金属板材上、下面互相贴合叠加在一起后，采用热等静压的方式使金属板材粘结到一起；
⑺对步骤⑹得到的多层粘结在一起的石墨烯金属板材进行热轧，制备出石墨烯复合金属板材。
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