CN103931402B - A kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents - Google Patents
A kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents Download PDFInfo
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- CN103931402B CN103931402B CN201410178418.1A CN201410178418A CN103931402B CN 103931402 B CN103931402 B CN 103931402B CN 201410178418 A CN201410178418 A CN 201410178418A CN 103931402 B CN103931402 B CN 103931402B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, comprise plantation rare-earth enrichment plant; Improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt; Join the fertilizer or agricultural chemicals of executing no or low content of rare earth; Dolomite dust is used in severe acidification tea place.The method is easy, be easy to operation, cost is low, under the productive target not affecting tealeaves high yield quality benefit, effective reduction And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, greatly improve tealeaves content of rare earth qualification rate, also help the improvement of soil heavy metals, more can effectively solve the economic loss met with because of rare earth excessive problem in domestic and international trade at tealeaves from now on.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tree plant cultivation, tea garden management field, be specifically related to a kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, be particularly useful for rare earth element background value tea district that is higher or that be raw material with the ripe young sprout of tea tree appropriateness.
Background technology
One of large beverage in the Cha Shi world today three, China is the original producton location of tea tree, be tea medicine and the place of origin of tea culture, the cradle of red, green, black, blue or green, the white and jasmine tea of the large teas in the Ye Shi world six, wherein black tea, Oolong tea (i.e. blue or green tea), in vain tea and jasmine tea are the Special teas of China.Go through the development in more than 5,000 years, the distribution of tealeaves and cultivate many countries and regions in six ocean all over the world, wherein with the area under cultivation in Asia and output maximum.Nearly 4,500,000 hm of tea place, the whole world in 2013 area
2, tea place area reaches 100,000 hm
2there are China, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Vietnam, Indonesia in above country, wherein Chinese tea place area 257.9 ten thousand hm
2, rank first in the world, account for 57.8% of tea place, the world gross area; Tea yield 189.0 ten thousand t, ranks first in the world, accounts for 38.7% of Gross World Product; Export 32.20 ten thousand t, occupy the second in the world, the tea industry output value reaches 2,100 hundred million yuans.A large amount of scientific research both at home and abroad shows, tealeaves has fabulous cancer-resisting, health care's effect, and global tea volume of production and marketing constantly increases, past 10 years, global tea output with average annual 3.75% speed increment, Tea Consumption with average annual 3.45% speed increment.Along with pulling of Tea Consumption, tealeaves becomes the important economic crops of China and conventional outlet agricultural product, and green tea is the traditional advantage product of China, and its output and export volume account for more than 80% of world's green tea total amount, rank the first in the world; Black tea, Oolong tea, the white Special tea such as tea and jasmine tea have qualitative characteristics unique separately, occupy first place in the world in volume of production and marketing position; The ratio that tealeaves income accounts for tealeaves main producing region per capita net income improves constantly, current high person reaches 56%, one of tea industry Important Economic pillar having become tealeaves main producing region, tea industry is as a favorable to the people engineering of Huimin simultaneously, plays an important role in urban-rural integration and home farm are cultivated.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the enhancing of health care consciousness, tea industry market prospects are more wide.
China is not only tealeaves production and marketing big country, and be also genuine rare earth resources big country in the world, world's occupation rate of China's rare earth resources is the highest, is 41.36%.There are 15 kinds of natural rare earth elements in tealeaves, but importantly 5 kinds, i.e. La, Ce, Nd, Pr and Y, their content accounts for more than 90% of total amount of rare earth.Large quantity research shows, rare earth element shows as low short height to vegeto-animal impact to be pressed down, in June, 2013 GB2762-2012 " pollutants in food limitation " formally implements, for rare earth limitation problem is disposed in discretion, through review, wouldn't cancel current standard middle rare earth limit index, tealeaves rare earth standard is still 2mg/kg.In food standard, rare earth limitation is the rare earth limit standard that China formulates for self distinctive rare earth residue problem, and CAC, Australia and New Zealand, Japan, the U.S. and China Taiwan do not specify Rare-earth Metals In Food element management expectancy.According to relevant measurement data display in 2007 to 2012 years, the rare earth exceeding standard rate of China's black tea, green tea was 10% ~ 20%, and the exceeding standard rate of Oolong tea is 60% ~ 70%, and the exceeding standard rate of black tea, Pu'er tea is 80% ~ 90%.Study carefully it eventually because being mainly: (1) parent soil material content of rare earth is high.Most of soil of southern china seven provinces and regions (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang) all belongs to weathering type soil, abundant ion type rareearth resource is had in soil, and above-mentioned seven provinces China's famous-particular-excellent tealeaves main producing region just; (2) rare earth application dosage exceeds standard.Because the rare earth element of trace has facilitation to growing of tea tree, can upgrading increase production, use rare earth fertilizer additive and plant growth regulator because China is heavy dose of for many years, the residual of rare earth element has become the distinctive problem of China.(3) long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer, soil acidification, the rare earth in soil can utilize state to be absorbed by tea tree by state can not be utilized to become.
To have detected since 16 kinds of ree content summations are designated as tealeaves content of rare earth in tealeaves in 2012, the tealeaves rare earth event that exceeds standard occurs again and again, quality and safety of tea problem is pushed to public opinion " the teeth of the storm ", especially have the greatest impact suffered by Oolong tea, black tea and Pu'er tea producing region.Rare earth problem is paid much attention in the rare earth tea growing areas that exceeds standard, as Anxi County, 3 kinds of methods are adopted to reduce tealeaves content of rare earth in current actual production: (1) strengthens generaI investigation to tea garden soil content of rare earth, detection, the tea place high to soil content of rare earth progressively implements to move back tea also woods, strictly controls soil rare earth index to the tea place of new transformation; (2) strengthen checking on to fertilizer, the fertilizer that content of rare earth is high is forbidden and is sold and use, and (3) adopt that tealeaves is tender adopts technology.Detection because of tealeaves content of rare earth increases to 16 kinds of ree contents, even if make tealeaves content of rare earth decrease by the enforcement of above-mentioned measure, but the qualification rate of Oolong tea is still down to about 20%, and existing measure still effectively cannot control content of rare earth.In addition, tealeaves appropriateness is tender adopts, and tea yield is reduced, under the situation that Famous High-quality Tea tea making cost is tended towards superiority, tea valency may be caused to go up.The generally dwarfing (height of tree 30 ~ 40cm) of current tea district tea tree, though tea place is gone into operation fast, shortens the transportation range of rare earth in tea tree body, may be the one of the main reasons still exceeded standard at rare earth Ex post.Therefore, be badly in need of finding and a kind ofly root, effectively can reduce tealeaves rare earth exceeding standard rate and not affect the method for tea leaf quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, method is easy, be easy to operation, cost is low, effectively reduces And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, greatly improves tealeaves content of rare earth qualification rate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of method reducing And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents comprises the following steps: plantation rare-earth enrichment plant; Improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt; Join the fertilizer or agricultural chemicals of executing no or low content of rare earth; Dolomite dust is used in severe acidification tea place.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) rare-earth enrichment plant is planted: around tea place, plant rare-earth enrichment plant in the ranks with tea tree; Described rare-earth enrichment plant is the plant that overground part ree content meets or exceeds 1000 μ g/g, or overground part rare earth element absorption coefficient meets or exceeds the plant of 1; Wherein, the magaphanerophytes of enrichment rare earth plants around tea place, arterial highway or in the ranks, with the rare earth element in the following soil of enrichment tea place 20cm, planting density is with per hectare 140-160 strain, and seeding row spacing is advisable with 10m × 10m; The ground, space such as the herbaceous plant of enrichment rare earth extensively to be planted in tea place tree in the ranks, road is other, terraced wall, with the rare earth element in the above soil of enrichment tea place 20cm;
(2) improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt: improve tea tree height to more than 70cm, pluck 1 bud 3,4 leaf; Described tea tree be highly tea tree from rhizome ground to treetop distance;
(3) fertilizer executing no or low content of rare earth or agricultural chemicals is joined; Described low content of rare earth be fertilizer or agricultural chemicals Rare-Earth Content lower than 100mg/kg, comprise fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer;
(4) dolomite dust is used in severe acidification tea place: use 150 object dolomite dust 220kg/hm
2, admix in autumn and winter and base manure and use, once a year, or executed once every 2 or three years, improve tea garden soil acidity to 4.5 ~ 6.0; Described severe acidification tea place is soil acidity tea place below 4.5.
The magaphanerophytes of described enrichment rare earth comprises pubescence cathay hickory, cathay hickory; The herbaceous plant of described enrichment rare earth comprises awns beanstalk, blechnoid, Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. Et Sav.) Chr.
Described fertilizer comprises rapeseed cake fertilizer, compost, chicken manure; Described biological organic fertilizer comprises azotobacter, rhizobium, phosphobacteria, Silicate Bacteria Fertilizer.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is: method is easy, be easy to operation, cost is low, under the productive target not affecting tealeaves high yield quality benefit, effective reduction And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, greatly improve tealeaves content of rare earth qualification rate, also help the improvement of soil heavy metals, more can effectively solve the economic loss met with because of rare earth excessive problem in domestic and international trade at tealeaves from now on.
Embodiment
Reduce a method for And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, the steps include:
(1) rare-earth enrichment plant is planted: around tea place, plant rare-earth enrichment plant in the ranks with tea tree.Wherein, the magaphanerophytes of enrichment rare earth plants around tea place, arterial highway or in the ranks, with the rare earth element in the following soil of enrichment tea place 20cm, planting density is with per hectare 140-160 strain, seeding row spacing is advisable with 10m × 10m, as pubescence cathay hickory, cathay hickory not only can reduce soil content of rare earth, its fruit walnut also has very high nutritive value and economic worth; The ground, space such as the herbaceous plant of enrichment rare earth extensively to be planted in tea place tree in the ranks, road is other, terraced wall, based on the rare earth in the above soil of enrichment tea place 20cm, as fern, also can be beneficial to tea place water and soil conservation simultaneously.
Described rare-earth enrichment plant is the plant that overground part ree content meets or exceeds 1000 μ g/g, or overground part rare earth element absorption coefficient meets or exceeds the plant of 1.
Described arbor class is pubescence cathay hickory, cathay hickory etc.
Described fern is awns beanstalk, blechnoid, Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. Et Sav.) Chr etc.
(2) improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt: improve tea tree height to more than 70cm, pluck 1 bud 3,4 leaf.Rare earth element forms complex state form with polysaccharose etc. in tea tree body, its distribution in tea tree body presents the rule of successively decreasing gradually to top from root, by improving tea tree height to extend the transportation range of rare earth element in tree body, in identical breeding time, high And Development of Tea Shoot content of rare earth is lower than the tea tree downgraded, be equipped with appropriate tender adopting, young sprout content of rare earth can be reduced to greatest extent.
Described tea tree be highly tea tree from rhizome ground to treetop distance.
(3) fertilizer executing no or low content of rare earth or agricultural chemicals is joined.If do not executed or Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, many organic fertilizers or biological organic fertilizer, not only directly reduce tea place rare earth element input amount, also can reduce soil acidification degree, significantly reduces tea place nitrous oxide (N
2o) discharge.
Described low content of rare earth is that fertilizer or agricultural chemicals content of rare earth are lower than 100mg/kg.
Described fertilizer is rapeseed cake fertilizer, compost, chicken manure etc.
Described biological organic fertilizer is azotobacter, rhizobium, phosphobacteria and Silicate Bacteria Fertilizer etc.
(4) dolomite dust etc. is used in severe acidification tea place, uses 150 object dolomite dust (MgCO
3+ CaCO
3) 220kg/hm
2, admix in autumn and winter and base manure and use, once a year, or executed once every 2 or three years, improve tea garden soil acidity to 4.5 ~ 6.0.
Described severe acidification tea place is soil acidity tea place below 4.5.
The present invention can make the content of rare earth in tealeaves control at below 2mg/kg, makes tealeaves content of rare earth reach national rare earth limit standard.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. reduce a method for And Development of Tea Shoot Rare Earth Element Contents, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: plantation rare-earth enrichment plant; Improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt; Join the fertilizer or agricultural chemicals of executing no or low content of rare earth; Dolomite dust is used in severe acidification tea place;
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) rare-earth enrichment plant is planted: around tea place, plant rare-earth enrichment plant in the ranks with tea tree; Described rare-earth enrichment plant is the plant that overground part ree content meets or exceeds 1000 μ g/g, or overground part rare earth element absorption coefficient meets or exceeds the plant of 1; Wherein, the magaphanerophytes of enrichment rare earth plants around tea place or, with the rare earth element in the following soil of enrichment tea place 20cm, planting density is per hectare 140-160 strain, and seeding row spacing is 10m × 10m in the ranks; The herbaceous plant of enrichment rare earth extensively to be planted in tea place tree in the ranks, these ground, spaces of other, the terraced wall of road, with the rare earth element in the above soil of enrichment tea place 20cm;
(2) improve tea tree height, suitably tenderly to adopt: improve tea tree height to more than 70cm, pluck 1 bud 3,4 leaf; Described tea tree be highly tea tree from rhizome ground to treetop distance;
(3) fertilizer executing no or low content of rare earth or agricultural chemicals is joined; The fertilizer of described low content of rare earth or agricultural chemicals Rare-Earth Content are lower than 100mg/kg, and fertilizer comprises fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer;
(4) dolomite dust is used in severe acidification tea place: use 150 object dolomite dust 220kg/hm
2, admix in autumn and winter and base manure and use, once a year, or executed once every 2 or three years, improve tea garden soil acidity to 4.5 ~ 6.0; Described severe acidification tea place is soil acidity tea place below 4.5;
The magaphanerophytes of described enrichment rare earth comprises cathay hickory; The herbaceous plant of described enrichment rare earth comprises awns beanstalk, blechnoid, Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. Et Sav.) Chr;
Described fertilizer comprises rapeseed cake fertilizer, compost, chicken manure; Described biological organic fertilizer comprises azotobacter, rhizobium, phosphobacteria, Silicate Bacteria Fertilizer.
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| CN105830690A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-08-10 | 溧阳市林业工作站 | High-efficient interplanting method for Carya illinoensis and white tea |
| CN105777214A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-20 | 黄伙水 | Soil improvement agent of reducing rare earth content in tea leaves and effect determination method |
| CN109987973B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-08-26 | 南京师范大学 | Method for producing rare earth micro-fertilizer by using remediation plant dicranopteris pedata, dicranopteris pedata ash rare earth micro-fertilizer produced by method and application of dicranopteris pedata ash rare earth micro-fertilizer |
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| CN102744248A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-24 | 四川农业大学 | Application of Eucalyptus grandis in restoration of soil polluted by rare earth element lanthanum |
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| CN102744248A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-24 | 四川农业大学 | Application of Eucalyptus grandis in restoration of soil polluted by rare earth element lanthanum |
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| 安溪乌龙茶农药残留规律与稀土污染成因探究;白婷婷;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20120115(第1期);第D046-29页 * |
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