Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can improve soil function, culture fertility, can build fast again the construction method of quality better, camellia oleifera lam that output is high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is the construction method of a kind of efficient camellia oleifera lam of invention, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(i), build selection and the arrangement in forest land:
Select the gradient below 30o, the mountain region suitable for afforestation that faces south, remove butt and the weeds of forest or shrub, then according to conventional method, arranging becomes oil tea and builds forest land;
(ii), soil melioration:
A, soil conditioner preparation: get respectively ferrous sulfate, silt, straw, stalk, pulverize respectively (becoming the following particle of 20mm) the rear mixing, become soil conditioner; Its concrete percentage by weight is:
Ferrous sulfate 0.5-4 silt 40-50 stalk 20-30 straw 20-30;
B, soil conditioner are used: according to the consumption of 240-420kg/667 ㎡, soil conditioner evenly is applied in to the soil surface that oil tea is built forest land, then soil is cultivated again, then, naturally keep 2-5 month, become oil tea afforestation improvement ground;
(iii), soil incubation:
C, soil incubation agent preparation: astragalus root dregs, the root of herbaceous peony dregs of a decoction, the Echinacea dregs of a decoction, the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, the Poria cocos dregs of a decoction, the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, the honeysuckle dregs of a decoction, tea cake slag, the Radix Codonopsis dregs of a decoction, the mulberry tree dregs of a decoction and multifunctional microbial bacterium after the extraction effective ingredient of learning from else's experience respectively, mix, become the soil incubation agent; The percentage by weight of each component is:
Described multifunctional microbial bacterium comprises a kind of in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria or two or more or all, when adopting two or more or all the time, the proportioning of each component is single-candidate, or other ratio;
D, soil incubation agent are used: by the soil on oil tea afforestation improvement ground dig and be deep to 0.1-0.7m, consumption according to every 667 ㎡ 300-800kg, be covered with the soil incubation agent, the thickness of soil incubation agent is 2-6cm, mulching soil again, then, naturally keep 2-5 month, become the oil tea afforestation and cultivate ground;
(iv), camellia oleifera lam is built:
E, plantation: will cultivate according to a conventional method, height of seedling more than 0.8m, well developed root system, the branded oil tea seedling of branch more than 3, band soil is implanted the oil tea afforestation and is cultivated ground, the sapling spacing is 1.5-2.5m, and the sapling line-spacing is 4-6m, and implantation depth is 0.2-0.35m;
F, management: after the tea oil tree seed is planted, at distance sapling 0.2-0.5m place, the Tu Gou of the dark 0.1-0.3m of spoil, according to the consumption of 100-200kg/667 ㎡, apply farm organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer (ratio between farm organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer, according to the conventional method proportioning); After, at annual spring, Qiu Liangji, according to the method described above, each fertilising is once; After 5-6, efficient camellia oleifera lam.
Silt in the A step is one or both in yellow sand or sandstone, and when adopting two kinds, both proportionings are single-candidate or other ratio.
Oil tea is suitable to grow in chiltern, acid ground, and suitable planting is in sun-drenched location; Good growing environment, can not only provide the various nutrition of tea oil tree growth, can also improve the quality of tea seed.The construction method of efficient camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, start with from improvement soil, and using sulfated ferrous iron, improved the acidity of soil, controls the pH value of soil at 5.4-6.0; Add silt, can improve the gas permeability of soil; Use stalk and straw, part nutriment and trace element can be provided, moisten soil.Simultaneously, also culture fertility, adopt the Radix Astragali [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao] dregs of a decoction, the root of herbaceous peony [the Paeonia lacttiflora Pall.] dregs of a decoction, Echinacea [Echinacea purpurea] dregs of a decoction, Radix Angelicae Sinensis [Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels] dregs of a decoction, Poria cocos [Wolfiporia cocos (Schw.) Ryv.& after extracting effective ingredient, Gibn] dregs of a decoction, chrysanthemum [the Hemerocallis citrina Baroni] dregs of a decoction, honeysuckle [the Lonicera japonica Thunb] dregs of a decoction, tea cake [Camellia oleifera Abel] slag, Radix Codonopsis [the Root of Pilose Asiabell] dregs of a decoction, mulberry tree [the Morus alba L] dregs of a decoction, and be equipped with and comprise careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, the multifunctional microbial bacterium of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, its many bacterium symbiosis environment is better, and biologically active is stronger, thereby, improving soil physico-chemical property, culture fertility, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, improve quality of agricultural product, strengthen plant disease-resistant insect pest and drought-resistant ability, suppress the absorption of crops to harmful substances such as heavy metal and agricultural chemicals, further promoted on the performances such as purification and rehabilitating soil aspect, got rid of the mutual antagonism between inorganic fertilizer and microorganism simultaneously, brought into play better between inorganic fertilizer and microorganism reciprocal, collaborative, the effect of strengthening, make various fertilizer elements obtain than good utilisation in the process of growth of crop, reaches the effect that crop yield increases income.Therefore, the construction method of efficient camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, can improve soil function, and culture fertility can also be built quality better, efficient camellia oleifera lam that output is high fast.
The construction method of efficient camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, once Lingling District and the Lengshuitan District at Yongzhou City, Hubei Province carried out camellia oleifera lam construction comparative trial, and following table is the experimental control data:
(annotate: in upper table, the test camellia oleifera lam in same district is substantially approaching with the land occupation condition that contrasts camellia oleifera lam, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc., and seedling is of the same age, same kind; The test camellia oleifera lam adopts method of the present invention to build, and the contrast camellia oleifera lam adopts conventional method to build).
From table build the experimental control data and can draw, the weighted mean output of respectively testing camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour fruit on the 2-4 year reaches respectively 55.45kg/667 ㎡, 313.30kg/667 ㎡ and 457.98kg/667 ㎡, and the weighted mean output of the contrast camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour of the 4th year fruit just reaches 111.34kg/667 ㎡, this explanation is respectively tested the camellia oleifera lam De Cheng garden time than each Zao 2-3 years of camellia oleifera lam De Cheng garden time of contrast.
In addition, each tests camellia oleifera lam and contrasts the tea oil that camellia oleifera lam produces with each, and its Main Ingredients and Appearance content sees the following form:
The contained effective ingredient of 100 gram tea oil
From the content data of above-mentioned effective ingredient, can find out, the tea oil that the test camellia oleifera lam produces, its quality is more of fine quality than the product of contrast tea oil that camellia oleifera lam produces significantly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.Following explanation is the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The concrete steps of the present embodiment are as follows:
(i), build selection and the arrangement in forest land:
Select the gradient below 30o, the mountain region suitable for afforestation that faces south, remove forest in soil or butt and the weeds of shrub, then according to conventional method, arranging becomes oil tea and builds forest land;
(ii), soil melioration:
A, soil conditioner preparation: (ferrous sulfate is mainly used to regulate soil acidity, thereby its consumption should be determined according to the pH value of soil to get respectively 2 tons, ferrous sulfate; The soil that pH value is high, consumption is some more; The soil that pH value is low, consumption is less; The magnitude variations that they are many and few, compensated by the consumption of silt particle), 27 tons of 45 tons of silts (yellow sand and sandstone respectively account for half), 26 tons of stalks and straw, mix after being ground into the following particle of 20mm, become 100 tons of soil conditioners, standby;
B, soil conditioner are used: according to the consumption of 320kg/667 ㎡, above-mentioned standby soil conditioner evenly is applied in to the soil surface that oil tea is built forest land, then soil is cultivated again, then, naturally keep 4 months, become oil tea afforestation improvement ground;
(iii), soil incubation:
C, soil incubation agent preparation: 10 tons of the astragalus root dregs after the extraction effective ingredient of learning from else's experience respectively, 6 tons of the root of herbaceous peony dregs of a decoction, 9 tons of the Echinacea dregs of a decoction, 9 tons of the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, 9 tons of the Poria cocos dregs of a decoction, 6 tons of the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, 10 tons of the honeysuckle dregs of a decoction, 14 tons of tea cake slags, 15 tons of the Radix Codonopsis dregs of a decoction, (this routine multifunctional microbial bacterium comprises careless bacillus with the multifunctional microbial bacterium for 8 tons of the mulberry tree dregs of a decoction, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria is whole, the proportioning of each component is single-candidate) 4 tons, be mixed into 100 tons of soil incubation agent, standby,
D, soil incubation agent are used: by the soil on oil tea afforestation improvement ground dig and be deep to 0.5m, according to the consumption of 600kg/667 ㎡, be covered with above-mentioned standby soil incubation agent, the thickness of soil incubation agent is 4cm, then mulching soil, then, naturally keep 4 months, become the oil tea afforestation and cultivate ground;
(iv), camellia oleifera lam is built:
E, plantation: will cultivate according to a conventional method, height of seedling more than 0.8m, well developed root system, the branded oil tea seedling of branch more than 3, band soil is implanted the oil tea afforestation and is cultivated ground, the sapling spacing is 2.0m, the sapling line-spacing is 5m, implantation depth is 0.30m;
F, management: after the tea oil tree seed is planted, at distance sapling 0.3m place, the Tu Gou of the dark 0.2m of spoil, according to the consumption of 150kg/667 ㎡, apply farm organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer (ratio between farm organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer, according to the conventional method proportioning); After, at annual spring, Qiu Liangji, according to the method described above, each fertilising is once; After 3-4, efficient camellia oleifera lam.
The construction method of efficient camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, be suitable for all oil tea plantation areas for building camellia oleifera lam, also can be used for the quick construction of other economic forest of appropriate acid soil plantation.