CN1039049C - 至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构 - Google Patents

至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构 Download PDF

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CN1039049C
CN1039049C CN93116208A CN93116208A CN1039049C CN 1039049 C CN1039049 C CN 1039049C CN 93116208 A CN93116208 A CN 93116208A CN 93116208 A CN93116208 A CN 93116208A CN 1039049 C CN1039049 C CN 1039049C
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valve
tappet
transverse arm
overhead
control cam
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CN1083565A (zh
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迪特尔·瑞茨
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Adam Opel GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/143—Tappets; Push rods for use with overhead camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/245—Hydraulic tappets
    • F01L1/25—Hydraulic tappets between cam and valve stem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Lifting Devices For Agricultural Implements (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

为了将内燃机的一些顶置气门(5、6)由一个控制凸轮(18)同时操作，并且能够使用传统的挺杆(7、8)和气门弹簧(20、21)，本发明将一横臂(14)置于挺杆(7、8)的基面上，并将控制凸轮(18)在位于顶置气门(5、6)轴线之间的位置处在作用于其上，或者直接地或者通过置入一摇臂进行驱动。横臂(14)通过突出于顶置气门(7、8)之间的外形部分(16)来防止其移动。

Description

至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构
本发明涉及一种内燃机中用来至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门进行换气的气门驱动机构。
上述气门驱动机构在DE 4039075中进行了描述。为了在此情况下同时驱动气门，在气缸盖上提供了一根共同控制挺杆，它包括用于与挺杆相联的每一个气门的间隙调节元件。该气门间隙调节元件通过一套孔眼形成液压连接，并由一中心压力介质腔提供压力。
这样的在一系列气门上设置的挺杆制造起来非常昂贵，现成的部件不适用于此。从空间上考虑也不可能为挺杆配置一种环形导向件。再有，导向件必须是椭圆形，这就会同时增加气缸盖及挺杆的制造费用。
而US 1,639,874公开了一种内燃机用同时操作两个顶置气门的气门驱动机构。其中包括各气门自身设置的气门弹簧及导向件与凸台，及一个共同的横臂，并且凸轮在两气门轴线之间直接作用在该横臂远离挺杆的表面上，但在该机构中为挺杆和横臂设置了特殊的夹紧和固定装置，使制造费用高。
还有一个公知的这种形式的气门驱动机构在DE-OS 3344324中有描述，其中为了减小尺寸，它为几个气门提供了共用的叉形挺杆，由气门共同都有的围绕每根气门杆的回位弹簧顶起。为了对气门挺杆进行导向，在气缸盖上还提供了一个特殊的螺栓。这也会提高制造费用，不论是对气门挺杆还是气缸盖。由于标准的气门挺杆不能用于该装置，因而这种气门驱动机构的制造费用就会特别地高。几个气门都有的气门弹簧更会占用喷射阀所需的空间，例如在一台直喷式柴油机中，即这种气门驱动机构无法用于任何形式的内燃机。
本发明的目的是提供一种如开始时所描述的那种形式的气门驱动机构，其中可广泛应用标准的部件并且给喷嘴或相应物在气缸盖中心的安置留下了较宽裕的空间。
根据本发明的一种至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构，用于内燃机中的换气，其中同时操作的气门组的每个顶置气门均设有其自己的挺杆和自己的气门弹簧，在这些挺杆的基面上安设着一个共同的横臂，保证其间不产生位移，而气门轴线之间该横臂背向挺杆的表面被凸轮轴的控制凸轮驱动，其中：带有与挺杆接触的平坦接触表面的横臂安设在挺杆的平坦的基面上并且带有接合于挺杆的外周面之间、凸出于所述平坦接触表面的外形部分。
通过将凸轮轴设置在顶置气门上方，便可使控制凸轮直接作用于横臂上，而当凸轮轴横向设置于顶置气门邻侧时，控制凸轮通过一置入摇臂作用在横臂上。
在这种形式的气门驱动机构中，它可以用传统的带有常规液压间隙补偿机构的挺杆以及传统的气门弹簧。位于挺杆上方的横杆可以制成简单的形状从而给中心喷油嘴或类似物以较大的空间。为了确保其操作无误，这里显示出横臂只须防止其在气门挺杆上的横向偏移。在发动机工作期间，气门挺杆上的横臂不会发生倾斜和翘曲，比如在凸轮接触线不在一条直线上时。从而出乎意料地省去了各种形式的横臂导向件。由于现在气缸盖只需装设普通的环形导向件用于气门挺杆，因而气门挺杆本身以及气门弹簧便可以从已有大规模生产线上生产，而且横臂可以很容易地制造，因而本发明的气门驱动机构便也可以很经济地生产。
下面根据附图对本发明的一个实施例做进一步详细描述。图中：
图1是本发明气门驱动机构的剖视图；
图2是图1中气门驱动机构的俯视图；
图3是图1的气门驱动机构的横臂的立体图，安放在两个挺杆上；
图4是在发动机工作期间作用于横臂上的力的示意图。
内燃机的气缸盖1安置在缸体(未示出)上，其中往复活塞2在气缸中移动密封一个容积可变的工作腔。换气导管引入该工作腔，分别称作进气道3、4和排气道。进气道3、4由两个预置气门5、6开闭。同样由两个顶置气门控制的是排气道(未示出)。每个顶置气门5、6均连有一挺杆7、8或7′、8′，其中设有公知形式的液压操作的补偿元件9、10用来平衡气门间隙。补偿元件9、10通过孔眼12、13从气缸盖1中的油道中供油。一个横臂14位于两个顶置气门5、6的挺杆7、8顶部用来控制进气道3、4，同样它也位于排气道的顶置气门(未示出)的挺杆的顶部。每个横臂14的平坦接触面15均被安置在共同操作挺杆7和8或7′和8′的基面上。在每个横臂14的接触面之间都设有一凸出外形部分16接合在由该横臂14驱动的挺杆7、8或7′、8′之间。横臂14朝向挺杆7、8，7′、8′相反的一侧形成一个连续的平面17，它作用于凸轮轴19的控制凸轮18。将顶置气门5、6压靠于关闭位置的气门弹簧20、21使控制凸轮18，顶置气门5、6，相应的挺杆7、8以及安放在其顶上的横臂14保持操作接触状态。
在内燃机工作期间，凸轮轴19的控制凸轮18、18′在横臂14的表面17上转动。由控制凸轮18、18′产生的运动通过横臂14传递给挺杆7、8或7′、8′，再以公知的方式通过补偿元件9、10传递到顶置气门5、6。这样，横臂14使其接触面15与挺杆7、8或7′、8′的平坦基面形成紧密接触。如图4所示的横臂14的倾斜不可能发生，这是因为由气门弹簧20、21产生的关闭力FS1和FS2以及与挺杆7、8和横臂14的几何形状总是以这种方式作用的，即：即使当由控制凸轮18产生的凸轮力FN的作用点因操作原因而产生偏离，也总是能够保持安全的均衡。即使关闭力FS1和FS2因摩擦力的不同而不同，挺杆7、8上的横臂14也能保持一稳定的位置。
本发明也能用于每个气缸带有三个气门的内燃机中，在这种情况下，例如可以只为两个进气阀提供横臂，而另一个排气阀则直接由公知方式的凸轮驱动。本发明也能用于每个气缸带有四个以上的气门的内燃机中，在这种情况下横臂被置于三个或更多的一组挺杆上而与气门相联并且再由凸轮驱动。横臂上的凸轮作用也可以通过一摇臂产生，这样凸轮轴便可以设置在顶置阀门的侧面。
因此，用简单的装置，通过使用传统的挺杆，当然它也可设置有液压补偿元件，我们可以实现用一个凸轮来操纵多个气门。这样便可以较低的价格制造每个气缸中有三个、四个或更多气门的内燃机。

Claims (3)

1.一种至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构，用于内燃机中的换气，其中同时操作的气门组的每个顶置气门(5、6)均设有其自己的挺杆(7、8，7′、8′)和自己的气门弹簧(20、21)，在这些挺杆(7、8，7′、8′)的基面上安设着一个共同的横臂(14)，保证其间不产生位移，而气门轴线之间该横臂背向挺杆(7、8，7′、8′)的表面(17)被凸轮轴(19)的控制凸轮(18、18′)驱动，其特征在于：带有与挺杆接触的平坦接触表面(15)的横臂(14)安设在挺杆(7、8，7′、8′)的平坦的基面上并且带有接合于挺杆(7、8，7′、8′)的外周面之间、凸出于所述平坦接触表面(15)的外形部分(16)。
2.如权利要求1所述的气门驱动机构，其特征在于：控制凸轮(18、18′)直接作用于横臂(14)上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的气门驱动机构，其特征在于：控制凸轮通过一置入摇臂作用于横臂(14)上。
CN93116208A 1992-08-13 1993-08-04 至少驱动两个同时操作的顶置气门的气门驱动机构 Expired - Fee Related CN1039049C (zh)

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DE4226760A DE4226760A1 (de) 1992-08-13 1992-08-13 Ventiltrieb für zumindest zwei gleichzeitig betätigbare Hubventile
DEP4226760.9 1992-08-13

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CN1083565A CN1083565A (zh) 1994-03-09
CN1039049C true CN1039049C (zh) 1998-07-08

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US (1) US5337712A (zh)
EP (1) EP0655102B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH08500169A (zh)
KR (1) KR100235781B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1039049C (zh)
AT (1) ATE134249T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU670111B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2103754A1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ282778B6 (zh)
DE (2) DE4226760A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2085789T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL170986B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2091593C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1994004797A1 (zh)

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DE4406407A1 (de) * 1994-02-28 1995-08-31 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg Verfahren zur spanlosen Herstellung eines mechanischen Ventilstößels
DE4410122C2 (de) * 1994-03-24 2003-05-08 Ina Schaeffler Kg Verbindung einer Führungsschiene einer Ventilbetätigungseinrichtung mit einem Nockenwellenlager
DE4415270A1 (de) * 1994-04-30 1995-11-02 Opel Adam Ag Einrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Betätigung zweier Gaswechselventile einer Brennkraftmaschine
EP0867601B1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2003-01-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Valve driving apparatus for engine
US5868174A (en) * 1997-07-28 1999-02-09 Earth Resources Corporation System for accessing and extracting contents from a container within a sealable recovery vessel
SE0003443L (sv) * 2000-09-27 2002-03-28 Alvar Engine Ab Anordning vid en förbränningsmotor
US7878166B2 (en) * 2007-11-29 2011-02-01 Perkins Engines Company Limited Device and method for retaining a valve bridge
CN102080584B (zh) * 2010-12-29 2012-11-21 潍柴动力扬州柴油机有限责任公司 发动机及其气门驱动机构
GB2578338B (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-12-09 Cox Powertrain Ltd Marine outboard motor with valve train having adjustable lash

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US1693974A (en) * 1927-05-20 1928-12-04 Anna E Bienstock Attachment for cooking utensils
US4922867A (en) * 1989-08-30 1990-05-08 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Valve stop mechanism for internal combustion engines

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US4658780A (en) * 1981-05-08 1987-04-21 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Four cycle internal combustion engine
DE3344324A1 (de) * 1983-12-08 1985-06-13 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Ventiltrieb fuer zumindest zwei gleichzeitig betaetigbare ventile einer brennkraftmaschine
DE3624108A1 (de) * 1986-07-17 1988-01-28 Opel Adam Ag Ventiltrieb fuer zumindest zwei gleichzeitig zu betaetigende ventile
FR2657669A1 (fr) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-02 Peugeot Dispositif pour l'actionnement simultane d'au moins deux soupapes voisines.
DE4039075C2 (de) * 1990-10-01 2001-11-29 Volkswagen Ag Ventiltrieb für zumindest zwei gleichzeitig betätigbare Hubventile
IT1241310B (it) * 1990-10-30 1994-01-10 Ferrari Spa Sistema di distribuzione per un motore endotermico
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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1693874A (en) * 1926-05-22 1928-12-04 Sirot Charles Robert Tipping device for wagons
US1693974A (en) * 1927-05-20 1928-12-04 Anna E Bienstock Attachment for cooking utensils
US4922867A (en) * 1989-08-30 1990-05-08 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Valve stop mechanism for internal combustion engines

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WO1994004797A1 (de) 1994-03-03
JPH08500169A (ja) 1996-01-09
ES2085789T3 (es) 1996-06-01
ATE134249T1 (de) 1996-02-15
KR950702668A (ko) 1995-07-29
CN1083565A (zh) 1994-03-09
CA2103754A1 (en) 1994-02-14
AU670111B2 (en) 1996-07-04
RU2091593C1 (ru) 1997-09-27
AU4557893A (en) 1994-03-15
PL306091A1 (en) 1995-03-06
CZ282778B6 (cs) 1997-10-15
PL170986B1 (pl) 1997-02-28
EP0655102A1 (de) 1995-05-31
US5337712A (en) 1994-08-16
RU95106597A (ru) 1997-01-20
KR100235781B1 (ko) 1999-12-15
DE59301651D1 (de) 1996-03-28
CZ32895A3 (en) 1995-09-13
DE4226760A1 (de) 1994-02-17
EP0655102B1 (de) 1996-02-14

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