CN103904365A - 用于多层电池结构的共挤打印头 - Google Patents

用于多层电池结构的共挤打印头 Download PDF

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CN103904365A
CN103904365A CN201310680944.3A CN201310680944A CN103904365A CN 103904365 A CN103904365 A CN 103904365A CN 201310680944 A CN201310680944 A CN 201310680944A CN 103904365 A CN103904365 A CN 103904365A
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C·L·科布
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Abstract

本发明提供一种能够在一道工序内竖直地挤出至少两个层的共挤打印头,其包括:连接到第一歧管的第一入口;连接到第一入口的第一系列通道,所述第一系列通道布置成接收来自第一入口的第一流体;第二入口,所述第二入口连接到第二歧管或第一歧管中的一个;连接到第二入口的第二系列通道,所述第二系列通道布置成接收来自第二入口的第二流体;连接到第一和第二系列通道的打印头的汇合部分,所述汇合部分布置成接收第一和第二流体;以及连接到汇合部分的出口,所述出口布置成将来自汇合部分的第一和第二流体作为竖直堆叠体淀积在衬底上。

Description

用于多层电池结构的共挤打印头
背景技术
电池制造需要阴极、阳极和分离器材料的不同处理。这导致高生产成本,这仍然是在关键的电动汽车和电网(grid)存储市场中采用的障碍。常规锂离子电池生产包括将阳极和阴极材料浆料涂布到典型地在分离室中的集电器上,所述集电器可以被称为箔。它们然后被压光,这包括将它们压平、将它们干燥并且重卷箔。箔然后切割成所需的尺寸并且重卷。在电池组装期间,阳极和阴极随后被层压在一起,分离器材料在其间,并且在最后组装期间包装到罐或壳体中。该工艺典型地包括6个或以上卷绕/解卷(卷)操作,每个操作具有它们自己的成本和可能的成品率损失。
目前的多层涂层方法典型地使用狭缝或滑动涂布机。这些工具可以通过堆叠模或分布板同时涂布达到3层。然而,具有低颗粒含量的低粘性糊剂不具有层边界的足够控制。取决于糊剂的粘性,在这些方法中使用的模或打印头也可能具有速度限制,如美国专利7,700,019中所述。
美国专利7,700,019中的方案提出一种使用具有狭缝模的多层挤出件在具有聚合物电解质的片材的集电器上制造电极材料的竖直层的方法。该专利公开狭缝涂布并且不能处理提供更佳电池结构的高颗粒含量或粘性的糊剂。
另一方案在美国专利第7,799,371号中被公开,其中多层金属堆叠体由单独的孔出口制造使得分配的糊剂层彼此叠加。在该方案中,材料汇合在一起并且形成在打印头的外部的多层结构。如果衬底或打印头在淀积期间移位,这可能导致层之间配准的问题。
与狭缝涂布机不同,共挤打印头和共挤工艺已在若干美国专利和美国专利申请中被论述。这些类型的电池电极的例子在美国专利7,765,949,7,780,812,7,922,471以及美国专利公开说明书20120156364和20120153211中被论述。美国专利7,765,949公开一种用于挤出材料并且将材料分配到衬底上的设备,该设备具有用于接收材料的至少两个通道和用于将材料挤出到衬底上的出口。美国专利7,780,812公开具有平面化边缘表面的另一种这样的设备。美国专利7,922,471公开用于挤出材料的另一种这样的设备,所述设备具有在淀积到衬底上之后不沉淀的平衡形状。美国专利公开说明书20120156364和20120153211公开一种共挤头部,所述共挤头部将两种或以上的材料流组合到衬底上的相互交错结构中,其中存在多个材料的条带。这些论述都未提出共挤多层结构。
附图说明
图1显示根据现有技术的制造电池的方法的实施例。
图2显示涂布集电器的狭缝涂布系统的实施例。
图3-6显示共挤材料的实施例。
图7显示制造竖直堆叠的电池结构的方法的实施例的流程图。
图8显示能够挤出三种竖直堆叠材料的共挤打印头的实施例。
图9显示能够一道工序挤出竖直堆叠的电池结构的共挤打印头的实施例的侧视图。
图10显示完全组装的多层共挤打印头的侧视图。
图11显示由一组板组成的多层共挤打印头的实施例。
图12显示由一组板组成的多层共挤打印头的一部分的分解图。
具体实施方式
图1显示制造电池的工艺的例子。两个工艺很类似,但是发生在分离洁净室中。例如,工艺开始于在10和11形成阴极和阳极浆料。然后在步骤12和13解卷和涂布集电器。然后在14和15针对厚度压光被涂布的集电器。然后在16和17干燥被压光集电器以去除溶剂。然后重卷绕被压光和干燥的集电器。然后在18和19解卷集电器并且切割成特定电池所需的尺寸,并且然后重卷绕。然后在20再次解卷箔并且层压在一起,分离器在它们之间。然后在最后电池组装期间将成品包装到罐或壳体中。
目前,多层涂布的优选方法使用图2中所示的系统30中的狭缝或滑动涂布机。在这些系统中,当材料被输送辊26传送时涂布头24用材料28涂布衬底22。狭缝涂布机通常淀积单材料层,与具有足够的颗粒含量以制造高效电池结构的糊剂相比,所述单材料层较薄,具有较低的粘性。此外,狭缝涂布机不能从相同的打印头装置一次性制造电极和分离器,狭缝涂布机也不能产生相互交错的阴极和阳极。
图3-6显示共挤材料的实施例。图3显示共挤材料的现有技术的实施例。可以包括或不包括集电器的衬底接收相互交错的材料40和42的条带。在一个实施例中,材料40可以是相同材料或两种不同材料,一个用于阴极和阳极,或者可以由相同材料组成。替代地,作为例子,它可以是填充有电解质的高度多孔材料,或可以用电解质代替的牺牲材料。应当注意这里的材料将被称为流体,所述流体包括浆料和糊剂或可以流动、但是缓慢地流动通过打印头的任何类型的材料。
与之相反,这里公开的实施例竖直地堆叠材料,而不是并排分配它们。图4显示竖直堆叠在衬底44上的材料40和42以揭示差异。这些材料在一道工序同时从这里所述的打印头被淀积。图3和4的实施例可以具有不同比例。
使用该打印头,进一步的修改变为可能。图5显示具有阳极40、分离器42和相互交错的阴极46的竖直堆叠电池结构的第一实施例。该实施例中的相互交错阴极46由活性材料48和中间材料50组成。中间材料50可以是被烧尽或以另外方式去除并且然后用液体或凝胶电解质代替的牺牲材料。另一可能性是材料50可以是高度多孔材料,该高度多孔材料然后将用液体或凝胶电解质填充。其它类型的材料当然是可能的。
图6显示竖直堆叠材料的另一可能修改。在该实施例中,阳极和阴极两者相互交错。阳极40由活性材料52和中间材料54的相互交错条带组成。该活性材料将典型地不同于阴极的活性材料,但是中间材料可以是牺牲材料或然后将用液体或凝胶电解质填充的高度多孔阳极材料。这些实施例的任何方面可以与其它实施例的方面组合,例如具有相互交错阳极,但是不具有相互交错阴极,或材料上的变化等。另外,制造这些结构的工艺远比图1的工艺简单。
图7显示用于竖直堆叠结构的制造工艺60的实施例。类似于图1的工艺,在62形成阳极、阴极和分离器浆料。这里的差异在于分离器浆料的形成,原因是以前的工艺放入分离器片材作为最后步骤。另外,浆料自身将典型地不同。如先前所述,在狭缝涂布中使用的阳极和阴极液体材料大体上具有比这里可以使用的浆料更低的粘性和更低水平的颗粒含量。更高的颗粒含量和粘性实现了更好的电性能的不同结构。
在64,将浆料装载到多层共挤打印头中并且将所有三种材料在一道工序淀积到衬底上。该实施例中的衬底将是电池结构中的两个集电器中的一个。应当注意这里的实施例涉及具有三种材料的电池结构,但是多于或少于3种材料可以被使用,并且可以在除了电池以外的结构中使用。
一旦材料淀积到衬底上,在66衬底和材料可以被压光以用于厚度控制。取决于所使用的材料和工艺,压光可能不是必要的。然后在68干燥被压光的衬底以除去溶剂和其它外来材料。由此产生的结构然后与剩余的集电器组装成它的最后形式。再次地,这仅仅是可以由该打印头和工艺产生的一个结构的一个例子。
图8显示这样的打印头80的例子。在该实施例中,打印头具有3个材料路径,但是可以使用或多或少的材料。在该例子中,打印头具有从第一流体路径流动的下部材料88。中间材料86从第二流体路径流动,并且顶部材料84从第三流体路径流动。三种材料同时淀积到衬底82上。这些实施例的一个方面在于材料一起在打印头的内部流动,而不是在流体离开打印头之后流动。当材料一起流动到在打印头外部的它们的层中时,存在尾部,在该尾部中,最下部材料从中间材料之下突出,并且中间材料将从材料的顶层之下突出。此外,如果在打印头的运动中存在任何类型的搅拌,则层可能失去它们之间的配准。
图9显示使用四种材料的多层共挤打印头80的实施例的侧视图,其中当竖直堆叠的材料淀积时材料中的两种水平地相互交错。材料90和92由流动路径水平地相互交错以形成在出口孔98处的相互交错层。在一个实施例中,该相互交错层将形成电池结构的阴极。分离器材料94从第二流动路径流动并且阳极材料96从第三路径流动。这些材料将一起离开孔98以形成竖直堆叠结构,如图5中所见。图10显示在其完全组装之后的打印头80的实施例使得只能看到出口孔98。
图11显示多层共挤打印头的特定实施例。术语‘多层’表示由此产生的堆叠结构,但是打印头由多层组成。这里的实施例具有可以被称为夹板的第一板100。在一个实施例中,夹板由钢板组成,但是将足够的压力施加到板以保持它们平坦的任何刚性板都将是足够的。密封垫片102紧挨着夹板定位。双侧歧管104分配2种阴极或阳极材料以形成相互交错的阴极或阳极结构。打印头的片材的第一子组106中的片材或板形成用于相互交错阴极或阳极的流体通道。在该实施例中第一组106由片材108、110和112组成。应当注意尽管该论述中的一些可以假设阴极由下部片材产生,但是它们也可以产生阳极。
片材114是用于阴极或阳极和分离器流体的汇合或过渡片材。另一子组116中的片材(在该情况下为片材118和120)形成用于分离器的流体通道。分离器材料在片材122的通道中与阳极材料汇合。由片材126、128和130组成的片材124的子组提供用于阳极的流体通道。双侧歧管132提供用于阳极和分离器的流体分布。片材的组然后在顶部上用密封垫片134和顶板136密封。典型地形成打印头的片材的组由螺栓保持在一起,所述螺栓可以被上紧以保证堆叠的密封。层之间的对齐由板或片材上的对准特征保证。
图12显示片材的子组中的一个(在该情况下为子组106)的分解图,所述子组组合用于阴极或阳极的两种流体,导致相互交错阴极或阳极。板110具有朝着板的背面的通道143,如图中定向,并且板108具有通道142。这些通道142和143获取来自歧管的第一阴极材料。类似地,板110具有通道144并且板108具有通道140。这些通道144和140获取来自歧管的第二阴极材料。板112具有将第一和第二阴极材料汇合到相互交错阴极层中的通道146。如上所述,相互交错的阴极材料然后一直流动到汇合和过渡片材114以与来自分离器流动路径的材料汇合。
打印头的许多变化和修改当然是可能的。可能修改中的一个是图11中的阳极片材组124可以用类似于组106中的片材的片材来代替以形成相互交错阳极。附加分布路径将需要被加入阳极/分离器歧管或阴极歧管,形成获取5种分离流体并且将它们汇合到电池结构中的打印头。另一修改将片材简化到2层结构,意味着仅仅使用2种材料形成结构。这将通过从组件去除适当的片材和歧管而实现。
以该方式,竖直堆叠材料的结构可以形成于衬底上。堆叠体可以具有两个或以上层并且堆叠体可以形成电池结构或其它类型的结构。层可以由相互交错材料的一个或多个层组成。在一个实施例中,结构是由三层(阳极、阴极和分离器)组成的电池。在另一实施例中,阴极由相互交错的两种材料组成。在又一实施例中,阳极也由相互交错的两种材料组成。不管层的结构或数量如何,由此产生的结构具有在一道工序淀积的竖直堆叠层。

Claims (10)

1.一种能够在一道工序中竖直地挤出至少两个层的共挤打印头,其包括:
连接到第一歧管的第一入口;
连接到所述第一入口的第一系列通道,所述第一系列通道布置成接收来自所述第一入口的第一流体;
第二入口,所述第二入口连接到第二歧管或所述第一歧管中的一个;
连接到所述第二入口的第二系列通道,所述第二系列通道布置成接收来自所述第二入口的第二流体;
连接到所述第一和第二系列通道的所述打印头的汇合部分,所述汇合部分布置成接收所述第一和第二流体;以及
连接到所述汇合部分的出口,所述出口布置成将来自所述汇合部分的所述第一和第二流体作为竖直堆叠体淀积在衬底上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共挤打印头,其中所述第一和第二流体是相同流体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的共挤打印头,其中所述第一和第二流体是不同流体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的共挤打印头,其还包括布置成接收第三流体的第三入口和连接到所述汇合部分的第三组通道。
5.根据权利要求1所述的共挤打印头,其中所述第一入口和所述第二入口位于所述汇合部分的相对侧。
6.根据权利要求1所述的共挤打印头,其中所述打印头包括堆叠在一起的一组板,其中所述第一和第二入口位于不同板上。
7.一种制造竖直堆叠的电气结构的方法,其包括:
形成阳极浆料、阴极浆料和分离器浆料;以及
使用多层共挤打印头将所述阳极浆料、所述阴极浆料和所述分离器浆料在一道工序中淀积到衬底上,形成中间电池结构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其还包括将第二集电器安装在所述中间电池结构的与第一集电器侧相对的一侧上以形成最后电池结构。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中淀积包括移动所述衬底经过所述多层共挤打印头,其中所述打印头固定就位。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中淀积包括相对于所述衬底移动所述打印头,其中所述衬底固定就位。
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