CN103875325B - The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method - Google Patents
The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is specially the phase farming of a kind of Upland Wheat Field volt and increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, solves existing Upland Wheat Field and tradition intensive cultivation cannot be adopted to cause plantation of poor quality and the problem that output is lower.Take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-30cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-350kg; B, carry out deep ploughing and turn over 8-August 23 August, ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of MAP containing 7kg-8kg phosphorus pentoxide or diammonium phosphate; After d, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before weeds in field coverage rate 12%-15% or plough deeply plough after wheat cultivation before 7 days, weeds coverage rate is greater than 5%-8% time, carry out chemical weed control or artificial weeding with steriland herbicide in time, reduce soil water consumption.The present invention significantly increases the effect of storage capacity, improves planting benefit, adds farmers' income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural tillage and increase storage technique, be specially a kind of Upland Wheat Field volt phase farming increasing storage or saving moisture in the soil method of being turned over fertilization time increase storage capacity by Reasonable adjustment deep ploughing.
Background technology
Dry land wheat occupies critical role in China's central and west regions Wheat Production.Dry land wheat non-irrigated condition, needed for wheat growth, moisture relies on natural precipitation completely.China's Midwest annual rainfall is 400-600mm, and skewness on space-time, mainly concentrates on the 7-9 month, accounts for about 60% of annual rainfall, wheat growth stage late September to early June rainfall be only 160-200mm.It is large that natural precipitation insufficient total amount, Annual distribution are uneven, evaporation dissipates, and is the principal element of restriction dry land wheat stable high yield.
Traditional volt phase is received rain and stores moisture in the soil technology and mainly rely on intensive cultivation to realize.First method mainly by controlling native water conservation, volt ploughs " four early more than the three " expedient of tillage received based on rain, the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools.Four are early: early stubble-cleaning, and the guarantor that breaks ground shows moisture in the soil; Early thin plough, broken native even moisture in the soil of living of turning up soil; Early deep ploughing, rain of receiving stores moisture in the soil; Early be with rake, base oneself upon autumn drought and receive moisture in the soil.: plough shallowly that favourable sunning the earth which has been ploughed up receives rain mostly three more; Many thin ploughs, broken soil of living of turning up soil; Multi-band rake drips rain resigns from office and return home.Namely in volt, many ploughs harrows moisture in the soil of guaranteeing the minimum, and after volt, how table moisture in the soil protected by rake to few plough.Repeatedly cultivated intensely by this, can to make before wheat cultivation soil many retainings 20.3mm in 200cm, water-storage capacity increases by 10.5%.Second method is " intensive cultivation, retain and conserve soil moisture " method, and mainly receive rain by timely shallow winter breaking, namely stubble-cleaning eliminates weeds early, vegetable soil, reduces evaporation and receives rainwater, abolish top layer and harden; Plough deeply retaining, it is early better that volt phase deep ploughing of namely lying fallow is crossed in good time; Sow with a drill (shallow plowing) rake to combine, receive moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation, the wheatland shallow plowing rake a kind of farm tools that namely lies fallow combines, and first harrows and sows with a drill afterwards, first sow with a drill rear rake after autumn, sow with a drill rake and combine before the beginning of autumn; More carefully will plough before wheat cultivation and carefully harrow a kind of farm tools, limit plough side drag a kind of farm tools, can make soil moisture content in 200cm increase by 3.4%.
Along with the raising of level of farming mechanization, Upland Wheat Field tillage method changes, tradition intensive cultivation, and the many rakes of many ploughs, soil moisture conservation stores moisture in the soil tillage system reform and cannot realize.Simultaneously, repeatedly farming cost and labour's wage increase, and go down town to work and become peasant's principal income, be unwilling more labour to put in intensive cultivation, cause Upland Wheat Field farming extensive, volt phase storage capacity reduces, it is few that the available soil water given birth to by wheat, nurturing staff colony difficulty, yield poorly and unstable, planting benefit is low; Certain influence is caused to China's grain recoverable amount.
Summary of the invention
The present invention cannot adopt tradition intensive cultivation to cause plantation of poor quality and the problem that output is lower to solve existing Upland Wheat Field, provides the phase farming of a kind of Upland Wheat Field volt and increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-30cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-350kg; B, carry out deep ploughing and turn over 8-August 23 August, ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of MAP containing 7kg-8kg phosphorus pentoxide or diammonium phosphate; After d, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before weeds in field coverage rate 12%-15% or plough deeply plough after wheat cultivation before 7 days, weeds coverage rate is greater than 5%-8% time, carry out chemical weed control or artificial weeding with steriland herbicide in time, reduce soil water consumption.
Harvesting wheat stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return, plough deeply the cultivated time, Phosphorus fertilizer usage and wheat weeds remove to require it is all by the scientific conclusion tested for many years and practice obtains, selecting of this range specifications, it is effective that increase storage capacity stores moisture in the soil, saving production cost and labour's input, is the important technology part realizing the cultivation of dry land wheat cost-saving synergistic.
The present invention significantly increases storage capacity in 200cm, and compared with deep ploughing the morning in 6-7 month and turning over, during wheat cultivation, storage capacity increases 20.2mm-58.7mm, and amplification reaches 4.87%-14.10%; Compared with deep ploughing the evening in September and turning over, during wheat cultivation, storage capacity increases 30.5mm-90.8mm, amplification 7.51%-21.88%; The availability applying phosphate fertilizer when deep ploughing is turned over simultaneously improves 1.86%-3.93%, and wheat increase yield more than 5.0%, improves planting benefit, adds farmers' income.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, takes following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height to be 28cm-30cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-130kg; B, August 8 carried out deep ploughing and turn over, ploughing depth is 25cm-28cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of diammonium phosphate containing 7.5kg phosphorus pentoxide; D, when August 1, weeds in field coverage rate was 13%-14%, in time with 20% paraquat aqua 200mL, water 40kg is evenly sprayed and carries out chemical weed control, the consumption of the minimizing soil water.
During wheat cultivation on the 28th in September, take 5 method earth boring auger layerings to gather soil specimen, measure each layer soil moisture content by aluminium box oven drying method, calculate the total water-storage capacity of soil in 200cm.Result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 20.2mm than ploughing deeply July 20 to plough, and produce 0.8-1.0kg wheat seed according to every millimeter of Soil storage water every mu and calculate, every mu can be increased production 16.2-20.2kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 56.6mm than ploughing deeply September 10 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 46.9-56.6kg wheat seed.
embodiment 2
The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, takes following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-26cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 150-170kg; B, August 16 carried out deep ploughing and turn over, ploughing depth is 28cm-30cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of diammonium phosphate containing 7.5kg phosphorus pentoxide; When d, weeds in field coverage rate 12%-13% on the 5th in August, in time with 20% paraquat aqua 150mL, chemical weed control is carried out to water 40kg even spraying, reduce soil water consumption.
During wheat cultivation on the 28th in September, soil specimen is gathered with the earth boring auger layering of 5 methods, aluminium box oven drying method is adopted to measure each layer soil moisture content, calculate storage capacity in 200cm, result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 30.6mm than ploughing deeply July 15 to plough, produce 0.83-1.06kg wheat seed according to every millimeter of Soil storage water every mu to calculate, every mu can be increased production 25.4-32.4kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 44.3mm than ploughing deeply September 12 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 36.8-46.9kg wheat seed.
embodiment 3
The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height to be more than or equal to 27cm-29cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 220-230kg; B, August 23 carried out deep ploughing and turn over, ploughing depth is 28cm-30cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of MAP containing 8kg phosphorus pentoxide; D, July 20 weeds in field coverage rate 15% or weeds coverage rate 7%-8% on the 10th in August time, in time with 20% paraquat aqua 200mL, chemical weed control is carried out to water 40kg even spraying, the consumption of the minimizing soil water.
September 27 wheat cultivation at that time, be 1 layer of sampling with 5 every 20cm of method earth boring auger, each layer water content is measured by aluminium box oven drying method, and calculate storage capacity in 200cm, result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 33.9mm than ploughing deeply July 15 to plough, can produce 0.93-1.12kg wheat seed according to every millimeter of Soil storage water every mu then to calculate, every mu can be increased production 31.5-35.3kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 31.7mm than ploughing deeply September 10 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 29.5-35.5 kilogram of wheat seed.
In specific implementation process, continuous 5 years, turn over time, weeds coverage rate and weeding time etc. by harvesting wheat stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return and deep ploughing, on the research of storage capacity impact in 200cm, achieve great number tested data and reach a conclusion.Phase deep ploughing of waylaying every year turns over time 4-5.Wherein the deep ploughing time of turning in 2009 is: July 19, August 8, August 23 and September 7; Within 2010 and 2011, be: July 24, August 2, August 16, August 30 and September 14; It within 2012 and 2013, is July 21, August 5, August 20, September 4 and September 19.Great Qu designs, and every head of district 26m, wide 10m, area is 260m
2, repeat for 2 times; Dark ploughing depth 25cm-30cm, on wheat cultivation same day September 28, each great Qu chooses 5 points with S type, by earth boring auger every 20cm soil layer soil sampling 1, each sampling point soil sampling 10; Measure each sampling water content by aluminium box oven drying method, 5 sampling point averages are this district's soil moisture content, and calculate storage capacity in 200cm.
Result of the test shows, within 2009, turning over storage capacity with deep ploughing on August 8 the highest, is secondly August 23; It is the highest that storage capacity is turned over deep ploughing on August 16 in 2010 and 2011, is secondly August 2; 2012 and 2013, turning over storage capacity with deep ploughing on August 20 the highest, was secondly August 5.Therefore, the test of 5 years shows, the highest and secondary high deep ploughing of water-storage capacity turns over the time all in the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat (August 8 was to August 23), and now deep ploughing is turned over and received rain and store moisture in the soil and soil evaporation reaches an optimum balance period, to make in 200cm water storage in soil maximum.
Mechanical harvest stubble height and Wheat-straw mulching rate affect Water-saving effect.Test shows, mechanical harvest stubble height is proportionate in certain limit and Water-saving effect.During stubble height < 15cm, both affected wheat mechanical harvest, preserve soil moisture again weak effect; Stubble height, when 15cm-30cm, increases Water-saving effect with stubble height and improves; As stubble height > 30cm, throwing returning stalk amount and coverage rate will be affected, make the effect reduction that always preserves soil moisture.Therefore, mechanical harvest toothing is advisable with 25cm-30cm.
Meanwhile, there is positive correlation in crop-residue incorporation, improving straw mulching rate and Water-saving effect.Crop-residue incorporation is large, and Wheat-straw mulching rate is high, and Moisture conservation is effective, and the deep ploughing time of turning over can suitably postpone, and preferably increases storage or saving moisture in the soil effect to reach.Straw Weight of Wheat Return 120-130kg/ mu, coverage rate is at 33%-35%, and deep ploughing on 5 days-August 9 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and received rain to store moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 180-190kg/ mu, coverage rate 44%-46%, deep ploughing on 10 days-August 14 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and is received rain to store moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 240-250kg/ mu, coverage rate 58%-60%, deep ploughing on 15 days-August 18 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and is received rain to store moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 290-310kg/ mu, coverage rate is at 68%-70%, and deep ploughing on 19 days-August 21 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and received rain to store moisture in the soil effective; More than Straw Weight of Wheat Return 350kg/ mu, coverage rate is greater than 80%, and deep ploughing on 22-August 23 August is turned over and received rain to store moisture in the soil effective.
After phosphate fertilizer applies topsoil, skewness, mobile slow, affect winter wheat seedling stage to the absorption of phosphorus, easily cause lack phosphorus seedling stage small and weak.Phosphorus is to enhancing winter wheat drought resisting resistance Be very effective.Test shows, applies phosphate fertilizer when ploughing deeply cultivated, stirs, to make in topsoil soils the available phosphorus uniformity improve, winter wheat Absorbable rod in seedling stage available phosphorus amount is increased with precipitation and sowing rotary tillage, is conducive to strong sprout before the cultivation winter; And promote the generation of secondary root and lower bundle, add winter wheat absorbing deep carbonate rocks, achieve with water short fertile, with fertile water lift, make phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 1.86%-3.93%.
Reach the optimum efficiency increasing storage capacity, soil will be increased on the one hand and receive natural precipitation ability, soil moisture consumption will be reduced on the other hand as far as possible.Test shows, leisure wheat weeds coverage rate increases, and transpiration water consumption increases.Plough deeply plough before leisure wheat weeds coverage rate < 12% time, transpiration water consumption and surface evaporation water consumption difference less, can not weeding be carried out; As weeds coverage rate > 15%, transpiration water consumption increases severely, and is greater than evaporation from land surface water consumption, should carry out weeding in time, also be convenient to machinery and plough deeply farming industry.Plough deeply after ploughing, temperature reduces, and evaporation reduces, and enters leisure wheatland and receives rain and increase the important period of storage capacity, should reduce soil moisture consumption to greatest extent, increase storage capacity.Therefore, should weeding in time when ploughing deeply that after ploughing, weeds in field coverage rate reaches 5%-8%, the consumption of minimizing soil moisture.Chemical weed control can select steriland herbicide paraquat or glyphosate etc.In first 7 days of attention wheat cultivation, chemical weed control should not be taked.
By this farming technique, during wheat cultivation, in Upland Wheat Field time out 200cm, soil can increase soils remediation technolgy 20.3mm-90.8mm, and phosphate fertilizer this season availability improves 1.86%-3.93%, volume increase wheat 16.2-58.6kg/ mu, and amount of increase in production reaches 5.4%-15.5%; This technological invention reaches and reduces farming number of times, increases Soil storage water, and economize energy lowers consumption, time saving and energy saving saving of labor, economical and efficient, increasing both production and income synergy.
Claims (1)
1. Upland Wheat Field volt phase farming increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, it is characterized in that: take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-30cm when carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-350kg; B, carry out deep ploughing and turn over 8-August 23 August, ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm; C, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply every mu of MAP containing 7kg-8kg phosphorus pentoxide or diammonium phosphate; After d, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before weeds in field coverage rate 12%-15% or plough deeply plough after wheat cultivation before 7 days, weeds coverage rate is 5%-8% time, carry out chemical weed control or artificial weeding with steriland herbicide in time, reduce soil water consumption.
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| CN115336511B (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2023-10-20 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly and dry land |
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| RU2006137977A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-10 | Владимир Владимирович Выборнов (RU) | METHOD FOR CROPING ONION-SEED AND ONION-SEEDS ON A RIVER |
| CN102077713A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-01 | 狄正兴 | Double-cropping straw-returning farming method for wheat and maize |
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| RU2006137977A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-10 | Владимир Владимирович Выборнов (RU) | METHOD FOR CROPING ONION-SEED AND ONION-SEEDS ON A RIVER |
| CN102077713A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-01 | 狄正兴 | Double-cropping straw-returning farming method for wheat and maize |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| "农业部小麦秋冬种技术方案－全国小麦十大主推技术";池河村先锋网;《http://oa.ahxf.gov.cn/village/Content.asp?WebID=10647&Class_ID=154441&id=468135》;20111017;第1-2页 * |
| "运城市旱地小麦高产优质栽培技术";刘娜;《农业技术与装备》;20120930(第245期);第29~30页 * |
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