CN102498898B - Wheat high-yield cultivation technique using distant grafting induced mutation - Google Patents
Wheat high-yield cultivation technique using distant grafting induced mutation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wheat high-yield cultivation technique using distant grafting induced mutation relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and is characterized by using Jingshu No.6 (purple potato) as stock and Yumai No.14 as scion to cultivate a new wheat cultivar, Jijun series, and using the obtained Jijun series with sword bean as stock to cultivate a new wheat cultivar, Jijun No.1; carefully selecting seeds of the Jijun No.1, dressing the seeds with drugs for seedling, and well performing seedling management, wheat pre-winter management, wheat spring management, wheat final-period management and timely harvesting to ensure high quality and high yield of the wheat. Two types of plants are subjected to distant grafting induced mutation twice to obtain the new wheat cultivar, Jijun No.1 which is of semi-winterness and has thick and solid stems, developed root systems, high lodging resistance, high diseases resistance, drought resistance, high cold resistance, dry-hot wind resistance, fine yellowing, and high and stable yield up to 600kg per mu, potentially reaching more than 750kg per mu.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture technical field, be specifically related to a kind of distant grafting mutagenesis High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method.
Background technology
China is populous nation and grain consumption big country, guarantees that national food is not only safely to be related to the great economy problem that socio-economic development and living standards of the people improve, and also be to be related to the stable great political issue of national political situation.Wheat is the second largest cereal crops of China, must rely on science and technology significantly to improve wheat yield per unit area, could satisfy the demand of population increase and social development, so Super high Yielding Wheat Production research is an eternal brainstorm subject.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of disease resistance is good, the distant grafting mutagenesis High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method of stable high yield.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions,
A kind of Wheat high-yield cultivation technique using distant grafting induced mutation is characterized in that: its method step is as follows,
One. seed selection:
Selecting capital potato No. 6 (purple potatos) be stock, and the Henan wheat is scion No. 14, cultivates continue army wheat number of new variety of wheat, and acquisition is stock with sword bean behind army wheat number again, cultivates continue army wheat No. 1 of new variety of wheat;
Two. sowing:
No. 1 wheat seeds of the selected army of continuing wheat, the with medicament seed dressing, a stubble kind was sowed in October 8 to October 20 in morning, adopt rotary tillage to combine with deep ploughing, every mu of seeding quantity is 10 kilograms, and October 20 was sowed afterwards, and the late sowing kind increased by 0.25 kilogram of wheat seeds in one day, replay with two an animal-drawn seed ploughs, with 2/3 of seeding quantity, with 1/3 of seeding quantity, execute 5000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures for every mu for the second time for the first time, 75 kilograms every mu in nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, 5 kilograms every mu of boron, magnesium, zinc, iron fertilizer;
Three. seedling management:
After emerging, in time look into seedling and fill a vacancy, move thick benefit rare, intertill 1-2 time, carried out chemical weed control after tri-leaf period before the shooting stage at wheat, daily mean temperature is more than 5 ℃, and every mu of usefulness 75% tribenuron-methyl 2g adds 30 kilograms of sprayings of water once;
Four. management before the liriope minor:
1, waters the water of surviving the winter, guarantee the wheat seeding safe overwintering;
Watering the water of surviving the winter makes wheat with overwintering period suitable moisture condition be arranged before the winter, promote the healthy and strong growth of wheatland, prevent freeze injury, safe overwintering, water the water preference temperature requirement of surviving the winter, about 3 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the time is during the Beginning of Winter to slight snow, the little wheatland of colony should water first, after water the large wheatland of colony;
2, in time draw hoe, the short Miao Kuaifa of soil moisture conservation temperature raising:
Dry year, the wheatland moisture creating of will watering must cause soil compaction, permeability is poor, and the Wheat Growing Soils condition will variation, the wheat tillering poor growth, be difficult to form strong sprout, in time draw hoe, the energy chesson, abolish and harden, soil moisture conservation drought resisting, the order ground in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, therefore, the reply wheatland is drawn hoe one time before the winter, draws even, draw thoroughly, the degree of depth 4---5cm is advisable;
3, rationally impose chemical fertilizer, strong sprout before the cultivation winter;
Rationally topdressing is the effective measures in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, and topdressing to make wheat prick dark root, promotes that wheat seeding turns strong by weak, guarantees the wheat safe overwintering, is conducive to turn green spring, improves rate of tillering panicle, increases output, uses 15 kilograms in standard nitrogenous fertilizer for every mu and is advisable;
Five. wheat management in spring:
1, in time draw hoe, short control combination will in time be drawn hoe to prosperous long wheatland and be advanced polarization, control colony.
2, foliar application promotes the healthy and strong growth of wheat seeding;
Accomplish that short control is in conjunction with dark hoe, be completely cured foliar application in seedling stage, spend the later stage, booting stage, pustulation period, composition is: full nitrogen 5.0%, water-soluble phosphorus 15.0%, water-soluble potassium 30.%, calcium 0.05%, magnesium 0.05%, boron 0.35%, zinc 0.006%, iron 0.005%, copper 0.003%, manganese 0.0025%, molybdenum 0.0005%, the each every mu of usefulness of above 11 kinds of fertilizer 100 grams add 15% triazolone 80g or 25% Tebuconazole 20g or 40% penta azoles carbendazim 60g are used alternatingly, and add 5% gamma cyhalothrin 80ml, if any prosperous long seedling before the shooting stage every mu add again 15% paclobutrazol 40g, 30 kilograms of every mu of waters, note only using paclobutrazol per season one time, can prevent and treat little wheat aphid, two spotted spider mite, the midge worm, banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust, head blight, the control Wheat lodging;
Six. the wheat final-period management:
Ear from wheat, bloom until ripe, be the later stage of wheat growth, this is the important vegetative stage that wheat forms grain yield, evidence, after the wheat heading, it mainly is boot leaf, internode carries out photosynthesis under two leaves and the fringe, produces carbohydrate, supplies with kernel grouting, therefore, attention protects boot leaf and falls two leaves, prolongs the green functional phase, keeps the stronger intensity of photosynthesis of long period, heavily play an important role to improving grain, simultaneously, after the wheat flower, the vigor of root system falls into a decline, delay Senescence of Root System, make the root system of wheat have the absorption moisture of long period and the function of nutriment, there is direct impact photosynthesis and the duration of improving blade, therefore, the main merit direction of wheat late growth stage management is to protect root, protect leaf, anti-early ageing increases grain heavy;
Seven. gather in the crops in good time:
The wheat wax ripeness is the best period of results latter stage, and at this moment, dry-matter accumulation is at most, dry granular is heavy the highest, should in time gather in the crops, in time airing after the results prevents from meeting rain and moist going rotten, and it is selected to carry out grain before warehouse-in, guarantee the quality of wheat commodity, will singly receive singly when the high-quality wheat special should also be noted that results and take off, separately airing, single storage Dan Yun prevents from mixing.
Described dressing seed selects 2% gamma cyhalothrin 3ml, 20% chlopyrifos 2.5ml, 25% Tebuconazole 5g, IDALL to receive 0.6ml and 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25g, with above seed dressing experiment results proved, wheat seeding rate improves 12%, simultaneously, blade is dark green, and stem is sturdy, and it is short that wheat seeding becomes, blade is thick, and blade is wide.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention obtains continue army wheat No. 1 of new variety of wheat after by the mutagenesis of twice liang of Plants distant grafting, this kind is semiwinterness, plant height 70-75 centimetre, 12 centimetres of spike lengths, grain number per spike 45-50 grain, mu spike number 32-35 ten thousand, thousand kernel weight 52-55 gram, protein content 16% belongs to high quality wheat.Compare volume increase 100-150 kilogram with other kind for every mu, this kind, cane is sturdy, well developed root system, capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong, and disease resistance is good, and is drought-enduring, and cold resistance is good, and hot-dry wind tolerance falls yellow good, stable high yield, 600 kilograms of general per mu yields, high yield potential can reach more than 750 kilograms.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
A kind of distant grafting mutagenesis High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method, its method step is as follows,
One. seed selection:
Selecting capital potato No. 6 (purple potatos) is stock, and this potato contains the selenium element, and cancer-resisting substance is arranged, select Henan wheat No. 14 to be scion, cultivate continue army wheat number of new variety of wheat, obtaining behind army wheat number is stock with sword bean again, sword bean has the effect of blood-activating kidney-tonifying, cultivates continue army wheat No. 1 of new variety of wheat;
Two. sowing:
No. 1 wheat seeds of the selected army of continuing wheat, the with medicament seed dressing, select 2% gamma cyhalothrin 3ml, 20% chlopyrifos 2.5ml, 25% Tebuconazole 5g, IDALL to receive 0.6ml and 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25g, with above seed dressing experiment results proved, wheat seeding rate improves 12%, simultaneously, blade is dark green, and stem is sturdy, and it is short that wheat seeding becomes, blade is thick, and blade is wide.
The stubble kind adopts rotary tillage to combine with deep ploughing in sowing on October 8 to October 20 early, and every mu of seeding quantity is 10 kilograms, and October 20 was sowed afterwards, and the late sowing kind increased by 0.25 kilogram of wheat seeds in one day, replays with two an animal-drawn seed ploughs, abolishes tillage pan.In recent years rotary tillage replaces the area of ploughing to enlarge year by year, and the low field of rotary tillage expenses of labour clod is few, welcome by the peasant.But rotary tillage for years causes the wheatland topsoil to shoal, and forms solid tillage pan, the one, affect under the wheat root and prick, the 2nd, affect under the moisture and ooze, the deep subsoil retaining is few, root system development is poor, and the impact grain weighs and output, in addition, note a bit, combine with suppression when carrying out ploughing or rotary tillage, make Panasonic's reality on the soil, avoid soil too loose, cause wheat cultivation excessively dark, form weak seedling.For the first time with 2/3 of seeding quantity, for the second time with 1/3 of seeding quantity; Base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer 8: 2 topdress before the jointing, execute 5000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures for every mu, 75 kilograms every mu in nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, 5 kilograms every mu of boron, magnesium, zinc, iron fertilizer;
Three. seedling management:
After emerging, in time look into seedling and fill a vacancy, move thick benefit rare, intertill 1-2 time, carried out chemical weed control after tri-leaf period before the shooting stage at wheat, daily mean temperature is more than 5 ℃, and every mu of usefulness 75% tribenuron-methyl 2g adds 30 kilograms of sprayings of water once;
Four. management before the liriope minor:
Catcher tube ought to be attached most importance to the drought resisting of watering before winter, topdressed and the technical measures such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests, accomplished because of the seedling Classification Management, promoted the healthy and strong growth of wheatland, strove for forming rational colony, for wheat good harvest in next year is laid a good foundation;
1, waters the water of surviving the winter, guarantee the wheat seeding safe overwintering;
Watering the water of surviving the winter makes wheat with overwintering period suitable moisture condition be arranged before the winter, promote the healthy and strong growth of wheatland, prevent freeze injury, safe overwintering, water the water preference temperature requirement of surviving the winter, about 3 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the time is during the Beginning of Winter to slight snow, the little wheatland of colony should water first, after water the large wheatland of colony;
2, in time draw hoe, the short Miao Kuaifa of soil moisture conservation temperature raising:
Dry year, the wheatland moisture creating of will watering must cause soil compaction, permeability is poor, and the Wheat Growing Soils condition will variation, the wheat tillering poor growth, be difficult to form strong sprout, in time draw hoe, the energy chesson, abolish and harden, soil moisture conservation drought resisting, the order ground in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, therefore, the reply wheatland is drawn hoe one time before the winter, draws even, draw thoroughly, the degree of depth 4---5cm is advisable;
4, rationally impose chemical fertilizer, strong sprout before the cultivation winter;
Rationally topdressing is the effective measures in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, and topdressing to make wheat prick dark root, promotes that wheat seeding turns strong by weak, guarantees the wheat safe overwintering, is conducive to turn green spring, improves rate of tillering panicle, increases output, uses 15 kilograms in standard nitrogenous fertilizer for every mu and is advisable;
Five. wheat management in spring:
1, in time draw hoe, short control combination will in time be drawn hoe to prosperous long wheatland and be advanced polarization, control colony.
2, foliar application promotes the healthy and strong growth of wheat seeding;
Accomplish that short control is in conjunction with dark hoe, be completely cured foliar application in seedling stage, spend the later stage, booting stage, pustulation period, composition is: full nitrogen 5.0%, water-soluble phosphorus 15.0%, water-soluble potassium 30.%, calcium 0.05%, magnesium 0.05%, boron 0.35%, zinc 0.006%, iron 0.005%, copper 0.003%, manganese 0.0025%, molybdenum 0.0005%, the each every mu of usefulness of above 11 kinds of fertilizer 100 grams add 15% triazolone 80g or 25% Tebuconazole 20g or 40% penta azoles carbendazim 60g are used alternatingly, and add 5% gamma cyhalothrin 80ml, if any prosperous long seedling before the shooting stage every mu add again 15% paclobutrazol 40g, 30 kilograms of every mu of waters, note only using paclobutrazol per season one time, can prevent and treat little wheat aphid, two spotted spider mite, the midge worm, banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust, head blight, the control Wheat lodging;
Six. the wheat final-period management:
Ear from wheat, bloom until ripe, be the later stage of wheat growth, this is the important vegetative stage that wheat forms grain yield, evidence, after the wheat heading, it mainly is boot leaf, internode carries out photosynthesis under two leaves and the fringe, produces carbohydrate, supplies with kernel grouting, therefore, attention protects boot leaf and falls two leaves, prolongs the green functional phase, keeps the stronger intensity of photosynthesis of long period, heavily play an important role to improving grain, simultaneously, after the wheat flower, the vigor of root system falls into a decline, delay Senescence of Root System, make the root system of wheat have the absorption moisture of long period and the function of nutriment, there is direct impact photosynthesis and the duration of improving ten on leaf, therefore, the main merit direction of wheat late growth stage management is to protect root, protect leaf, anti-early ageing increases grain heavy;
Seven. gather in the crops in good time:
The wheat wax ripeness is the best period of results latter stage, and at this moment, dry-matter accumulation is at most, dry granular is heavy the highest, should in time gather in the crops, in time airing after the results prevents from meeting rain and moist going rotten, and it is selected to carry out grain before warehouse-in, guarantee the quality of wheat commodity, will singly receive singly when the high-quality wheat special should also be noted that results and take off, separately airing, single storage Dan Yun prevents from mixing.
Above demonstration and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. distant grafting mutagenesis High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method, it is characterized in that: its method step is as follows,
One. seed selection:
Selecting the capital potato be for No. 6 stock, and the Henan wheat is scion No. 14, cultivates continue army wheat number of new variety of wheat, and acquisition is stock with sword bean behind army wheat number again, cultivates continue army wheat No. 1 of new variety of wheat;
Two. sowing:
No. 1 wheat seeds of the selected army of continuing wheat, the with medicament seed dressing, a stubble kind was sowed in October 8 to October 20 in morning, adopt rotary tillage to combine with deep ploughing, every mu of seeding quantity is 10 kilograms, and October 20 was sowed afterwards, and the late sowing kind increased by 0.25 kilogram of wheat seeds in one day, replay with two an animal-drawn seed ploughs, with 2/3 of seeding quantity, with 1/3 of seeding quantity, execute 5000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures for every mu for the second time for the first time, 75 kilograms every mu in nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, 5 kilograms every mu of boron, magnesium, zinc, iron fertilizer;
Three. seedling management:
After emerging, in time look into seedling and fill a vacancy, move thick benefit rare, intertill 1-2 time, carried out chemical weed control after tri-leaf period before the shooting stage at wheat, daily mean temperature is more than 5 ℃, and every mu of usefulness 75% tribenuron-methyl 2g adds 30 kilograms of sprayings of water once;
Four. management before the liriope minor:
A, water the water of surviving the winter, guarantee the wheat seeding safe overwintering, water the water preference temperature requirement of surviving the winter, about 3 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the time, the little wheatland of colony should water first during the Beginning of Winter to slight snow, after water the large wheatland of colony;
B, in time draw hoe, the short Miao Kuaifa of soil moisture conservation temperature raising, the reply wheatland is drawn hoe one time the winter before, draws evenly, draws thoroughly, and the degree of depth 4---5cm is advisable;
C. rationally impose chemical fertilizer, in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, use 15 kilograms in standard nitrogenous fertilizer for every mu and be advisable;
Five. wheat management in spring:
A. in time draw hoe, short control combination will in time be drawn hoe to prosperous long wheatland and be advanced polarization, control colony;
B. foliar application promotes the healthy and strong growth of wheat seeding;
With full nitrogen 5.0%, water-soluble phosphorus 15.0%, water-soluble potassium 30.%, calcium 0.05%, magnesium 0.05%, boron 0.35%, zinc 0.006%, iron 0.005%, copper 0.003%, manganese 0.0025%, molybdenum 0.0005%, the each every mu of usefulness of above 11 kinds of fertilizer 100 grams add 15% triazolone 80g or 25% Tebuconazole 20g or 40% penta azoles carbendazim 60g are used alternatingly, and adds 5% gamma cyhalothrin 80ml, if any prosperous long seedling before the shooting stage every mu add again 15% paclobutrazol 40g, 30 kilograms of every mu of waters;
Six. the wheat final-period management:
After the wheat heading, it mainly is boot leaf, internode carries out photosynthesis under two leaves and the fringe, produces carbohydrate, supplies with kernel grouting, therefore, attention protects boot leaf and falls two leaves, prolongs the green functional phase, keeps the stronger intensity of photosynthesis of long period, heavily play an important role to improving grain, simultaneously, after the wheat flower, the vigor of root system falls into a decline, delay Senescence of Root System, make the root system of wheat have the absorption moisture of long period and the function of nutriment, there is direct impact photosynthesis and the duration of improving blade, therefore, the main merit direction of wheat late growth stage management is to protect root, protect leaf, anti-early ageing increases grain heavy;
Seven. gather in the crops in good time:
The wheat wax ripeness is the best period of results latter stage, in time airing after the results, and it is selected to carry out grain before warehouse-in, guarantees the quality of wheat commodity, and separately airing, single storage Dan Yun prevents from mixing.
2. distant grafting mutagenesis High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described dressing seed selects 2% gamma cyhalothrin 3ml, 20% chlopyrifos 2.5ml, 25% Tebuconazole 5g, IDALL to receive 0.6ml and 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25g.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102835258A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2012-12-26 | 界首市昊坤农作物种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivating new wheat variety from sweet potato, sword bean and Chinese yam via distant hybridization |
| CN102845239A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-02 | 界首市昊坤农作物种植专业合作社 | Method for breeding new wheat variety by using sweet potatoes and sword bean through distant grafting mutation |
| CN103535193A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-29 | 界首市昊坤农作物种植专业合作社 | High-yield cultivation method for using sweet potatoes for mutagenesis of wheat through distant grafting |
| CN103583280A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县万佳生态养殖场 | Control method for scab of wheat |
| CN104521467B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-06-16 | 太和县淙洋现代农业种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of High-yield Wheat |
| CN104641898A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-27 | 巢湖市鑫宇良种农民专业合作社 | High-yield planting method of wheat |
| CN104838838A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-19 | 娄志 | Winter wheat planting method |
| CN106386475A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-15 | 河南省长义农业科技有限公司 | Phytoenzyme mutagenesis grafting breeding method |
| CN112931092A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 河南多麦稼农业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating hexaploid purple-kernel wheat by utilizing distant symbiosis and epigenetic inheritance |
| CN113853964B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-02-28 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut breeding method combining grafting and mutagenesis |
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