CN103875325A - Water storage increasing and moisture storing method for dry land wheat field mid-summer cultivation - Google Patents
Water storage increasing and moisture storing method for dry land wheat field mid-summer cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a water storage increasing and moisture storing method for dry land wheat field mid-summer cultivation, and the problems that because traditional intensive and meticulous cultivation can not be adopted for an existing dry land wheat field, the planting quality is poor, and the yield is low are solved. The method includes the following steps that a, wheat stubble with the height of 25 cm-30 cm remains in the mechanical harvest process, harvested wheat straws are evenly thrown on the surface of the wheat field, and the wheat straws returned to the field through throwing are 120 kg-350 kg per mu; b, soil is ploughed deeply with the plough depth of 25 cm-30 cm from August 8th to August 23th; c, in the deep ploughing process, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate containing 7 kg-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per mu is applied; d, when the weed coverage rate in the field after wheat harvest before deep ploughing is 12-15%, or the weed coverage rate seven days before wheat seeding after deep ploughing is larger than 5-8%, a sterilant herbicide is used for chemical weeding in time, or weeds are extirpated manually in time, and therefore water consumption of the soil is reduced. According to the water storage increasing and moisture storing method, the effect of soil water storage capacity is improved obviously, planting benefits are improved, and rural income is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural tillage and increase storage technique, be specially a kind of Upland Wheat Field volt phase farming increasing storage or saving moisture in the soil method of turning over fertilization time increase storage capacity by reasonable adjustment deep ploughing.
Background technology
Dry land wheat is occupied critical role in China's central and west regions Wheat Production.Dry land wheat non-irrigated condition, the required moisture of wheat growth relies on natural precipitation completely.China's Midwest annual rainfall is 400-600mm, and skewness on space-time, mainly concentrates on the 7-9 month, accounts for 60% left and right of annual rainfall, wheat growth stage late September to early June rainfall be only 160-200mm.Natural precipitation insufficient total amount, time skewness, evaporation dissipate large, are the principal elements of restriction dry land wheat stable high yield.
Traditional volt phase receive rain hold moisture in the soil technology be mainly rely on intensive cultivation realize.First method is mainly ploughed and is received rain, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation for basis " four early more than three " expedient of tillage by controlling native water conservation, volt.Four are early: early stubble-cleaning, and the guarantor that breaks ground shows moisture in the soil; Early thin plough, the broken native even moisture in the soil of living of turning up soil; Early deep ploughing, the rain of receiving holds moisture in the soil; Early band rake, bases oneself upon autumn drought and receives moisture in the soil.Mostly three, be: plough shallowly, favourable sunning the earth which has been ploughed up received rain more; Many thin ploughs, the broken soil of living of turning up soil; Multi-band rake drips rain resigns from office and return home.I.e. many ploughs moisture in the soils of guaranteeing the minimum of harrowing in volt, after volt, how rake is protected table moisture in the soil to few plough more.By this repeatedly intensive cultivation, can make many retainings of soil 20.3mm in the front 200cm of wheat cultivation, water-storage capacity increases by 10.5%.Second method is " intensive cultivation, retain and conserve soil moisture " method, is mainly to receive rain by timely shallow winter breaking, and stubble-cleaning is eliminated weeds early, and vegetable soil reduces evaporation and receives rainwater, abolishes top layer and hardens; Plough deeply retaining, it is early better that the volt phase deep ploughing of lying fallow is crossed in good time; Sow with a drill the combination of (shallow plowing) rake, receive moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation, the combination of the wheatland that lies fallow shallow plowing rake a kind of farm tools, first harrowed afterwards and sows with a drill before the beginning of autumn, first sowed with a drill rear rake after autumn, sowed with a drill rake combination; Before wheat cultivation, more will carefully plough thin rake a kind of farm tools, limit plough side drag a kind of farm tools, can make soil moisture content in 200cm increase by 3.4%.
Along with the raising of level of farming mechanization, Upland Wheat Field tillage method changes, tradition intensive cultivation, and the many rakes of many ploughs, soil moisture conservation is held moisture in the soil farming pattern and cannot be realized.Simultaneously, repeatedly farming cost and labour's wage increase, become peasant's principal income and go down town to work, being unwilling, it is upper that more labour is put into intensive cultivation, causes Upland Wheat Field farming extensive, and volt phase storage capacity reduces, it is few that wheat is given birth to the available soil water, cultivate colony's difficulty in strong sprout, yield poorly and unstable, planting benefit is low; China's grain recoverable amount is caused to certain influence.
Summary of the invention
The present invention cannot adopt tradition intensive cultivation to cause planting problem of poor quality and that output is lower in order to solve existing Upland Wheat Field, provides the phase farming of a kind of Upland Wheat Field volt to increase storage or saving moisture in the soil method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-30cm while carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-350kg; B, deep plough and turn over 8-August 23 August, ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm; C, plough deeply while ploughing, apply every mu of MAP or diammonium phosphate containing 7kg-8kg phosphorus pentoxide; After d, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before weeds in field coverage rate 12%-15% or plough deeply plough after wheat cultivation when weeds coverage rate is greater than 5%-8% before 7 days, carry out chemical weed control or artificial weeding with steriland herbicide in time, reduce soil water consumption.
Harvesting wheat stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return, plough deeply and plough time, phosphate fertilizer amount and wheat weeds and remove that to require be all by the scientific conclusion of testing for many years and practice obtains, selecting of this scope index, it is effective that increase storage capacity holds moisture in the soil, saving production cost and labour and drop into, is the important technology part of realizing the cultivation of dry land wheat cost-saving synergistic.
The present invention has obviously increased storage capacity in 200cm, and compared with turning over deep ploughing morning in 6-7 month, when wheat cultivation, storage capacity increases 20.2mm-58.7mm, and amplification reaches 4.87%-14.10%; Compared with turning over the deep ploughing in evening in September, when wheat cultivation, storage capacity increases 30.5mm-90.8mm, amplification 7.51%-21.88%; The availability that applies phosphate fertilizer when deep ploughing is turned over simultaneously improves 1.86%-3.93%, and wheat increase yield more than 5.0%, has improved planting benefit, has increased farmers' income.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The farming of Upland Wheat Field volt phase increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, takes following steps: a, to stay wheat stubble height while carrying out mechanical harvest be 28cm-30cm, and the wheat stalk of results evenly sheds on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-130kg; B, August 8 deep plough and turn over, and ploughing depth is 25cm-28cm; C, plough deeply while ploughing, apply every mu of diammonium phosphate containing 7.5kg phosphorus pentoxide; D, when August 1, weeds in field coverage rate was 13%-14%, use in time 20% paraquat aqua 200mL, water 40kg is evenly sprayed and carries out chemical weed control, reduce soil water consumption.
When wheat cultivation on the 28th, take the layering of 5 methods earth boring auger to gather soil specimen September, measures each layer soil moisture content by aluminium box oven drying method, calculates the interior total water-storage capacity of soil of 200cm.Result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 20.2mm than ploughing deeply July 20 to plough, and produces 0.8-1.0kg wheat seed calculate according to every mu of every millimeter of soil water storage, and every mu can be increased production 16.2-20.2kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 56.6mm than ploughing deeply September 10 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 46.9-56.6kg wheat seed.
embodiment 2
The farming of Upland Wheat Field volt phase increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, takes following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-26cm while carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results evenly sheds on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 150-170kg; B, August 16 deep plough and turn over, and ploughing depth is 28cm-30cm; C, plough deeply while ploughing, apply every mu of diammonium phosphate containing 7.5kg phosphorus pentoxide; D, August 5 when weeds in field coverage rate 12%-13%, with 20% paraquat aqua 150mL, are carried out chemical weed control to water 40kg even spraying, the consumption of the minimizing soil water in time.
September is when wheat cultivation on the 28th, gather soil specimen with 5 methods with earth boring auger layering, adopt aluminium box oven drying method to measure each layer of soil moisture content, calculate storage capacity in 200cm, result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 30.6mm than ploughing deeply July 15 to plough, produce 0.83-1.06kg wheat seed according to every mu of every millimeter of soil water storage and calculate, every mu can be increased production 25.4-32.4kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 44.3mm than ploughing deeply September 12 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 36.8-46.9kg wheat seed.
embodiment 3
The phase farming of Upland Wheat Field volt increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height to be more than or equal to 27cm-29cm while carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 220-230kg; B, August 23 deep plough and turn over, and ploughing depth is 28cm-30cm; C, plough deeply while ploughing, apply every mu of MAP containing 8kg phosphorus pentoxide; D, July 20 weeds in field coverage rate 15% or August 10 are used 20% paraquat aqua 200mL when weeds coverage rate 7%-8% in time, and water 40kg even spraying is carried out to chemical weed control, reduce soil water consumption.
September 27 wheat cultivation at that time, taking 5 methods with the every 20cm of earth boring auger as 1 layer of sampling, by each layer of water content of aluminium box oven drying method mensuration, and calculate storage capacity in 200cm, result shows that in 200cm, storage capacity increases 33.9mm than ploughing deeply July 15 to plough, can produce 0.93-1.12kg wheat seed according to every mu of every millimeter of soil water storage then and calculate, every mu can be increased production 31.5-35.3kg wheat seed; Storage capacity increases 31.7mm than ploughing deeply September 10 to plough, and every mu can be increased production 29.5-35.5 kilogram of wheat seed.
In specific implementation process, continuous 5 years, turn over time, weeds coverage rate and weeding time etc. by harvesting wheat stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return and deep ploughing, on the research of storage capacity impact in 200cm, obtain great number tested data and reached a conclusion.The phase deep ploughing of waylaying is every year turned over time 4-5.Wherein the deep ploughing time of turning in 2009 is: July 19, August 8, August 23 and September 7; Within 2010 and 2011, be: July 24, August 2, August 16, August 30 and September 14; It within 2012 and 2013, is July 21, August 5, August 20, September 4 and September 19.Great Qu design, every head of district 26m, wide 10m, area is 260m
2, repeat for 2 times; Dark ploughing depth 25cm-30cm, on wheat cultivation same day September 28, each great Qu chooses 5 points with S type, by 1 of the every 20cm soil layer of earth boring auger soil sampling, 10 of each sampling point soil samplings; Measure each sampling water content by aluminium box oven drying method, 5 sampling point average Wei Gai district soil moisture contents, and calculate storage capacity in 200cm.
Result of the test shows, within 2009, turns over storage capacity with deep ploughing on August 8 the highest, is secondly August 23; Within 2010 and 2011, turning over storage capacity to deep plough August 16 the highest, is secondly August 2; 2012 and 2013, turn over storage capacity with August 20 deep ploughing the highest, be secondly August 5.Therefore, the test of 5 years shows, the deep ploughing that water-storage capacity is the highest and time high is turned over the time all in the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat (August 8 was to August 23), and now deep ploughing is turned over and received that rain holds moisture in the soil and soil evaporation reaches an optimum balance period, makes in 200cm in soil water storage maximum.
Mechanical harvest stubble height and wheat straw coverage rate affect water conservation effect.Test shows, mechanical harvest stubble height is proportionate in certain limit and water conservation effect.When stubble height < 15cm, both affected wheat mechanical harvest, weak effect preserves soil moisture again; Stubble height, in the time of 15cm-30cm, increases water conservation effect with stubble height and improves; In the time of stubble height > 30cm, will affect throwing returning stalk amount and coverage rate, the effect that makes always to preserve soil moisture reduces.Therefore, mechanical harvest toothing is advisable with 25cm-30cm.
Meanwhile, there is positive correlation in crop-residue incorporation, stalk coverage rate and water conservation effect.Crop-residue incorporation is large, and wheat straw coverage rate is high, covers water conservation effective, and the deep ploughing time of turning over can suitably postpone, and preferably increases storage or saving moisture in the soil effect to reach.Straw Weight of Wheat Return 120-130kg/ mu, coverage rate is at 33%-35%, and deep ploughing on 5 days-August 9 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and is received rain to hold moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 180-190kg/ mu, coverage rate 44%-46%, 10 days-August 14 August in normal precipitation time deep ploughing is turned over and is received rain to hold moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 240-250kg/ mu, coverage rate 58%-60%, 15 days-August 18 August in normal precipitation time deep ploughing is turned over and is received rain to hold moisture in the soil effective; Straw Weight of Wheat Return 290-310kg/ mu, coverage rate is at 68%-70%, and deep ploughing on 19 days-August 21 August in normal precipitation time is turned over and is received rain to hold moisture in the soil effective; More than Straw Weight of Wheat Return 350kg/ mu, coverage rate is greater than 80%, and 22-August 23 August deep ploughing is turned over and received rain to hold moisture in the soil effective.
Phosphate fertilizer applies after topsoil, and skewness, mobile slow affect the absorption to phosphorus in winter wheat seedling stage, easily causes seedling stage scarce phosphorus small and weak.Phosphorus is remarkable to strengthening winter wheat drought resisting resistance effect.Test shows, ploughs deeply while ploughing and applies phosphate fertilizer, stirs with precipitation and sowing rotary tillage, and the available phosphorus uniformity in topsoil soils is improved, and making winter wheat can absorb available phosphorus amount seedling stage increases, and is conducive to cultivate strong sprout before the winter; And promote generation and the lower bundle of secondary root, and increase winter wheat to the absorbing of deep soil moisture, realize with water short fertilely, with fertile water lift, make phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 1.86%-3.93%.
Reach the optimum efficiency that increases storage capacity, will increase on the one hand soil and receive natural precipitation ability, will reduce on the other hand soil moisture consumption as far as possible.Test shows, the increase of leisure wheat weeds coverage rate, and transpiration water consumption increases.Plough deeply while ploughing front leisure wheat weeds coverage rate < 12%, transpiration water consumption and surface evaporation water consumption difference are less, can not carry out weeding; In the time of weeds coverage rate > 15%, transpiration water consumption increases severely, and is greater than evaporation from land surface water consumption, should carry out in time weeding, is also convenient to machinery and ploughs deeply farming industry.After ploughing deeply and ploughing, temperature reduces, and evaporation reduces, and enters leisure wheatland and receives rain and increase the important period of storage capacity, should reduce to greatest extent soil moisture consumption, increases storage capacity.Therefore, plough deeply and plough weeding in time when weeds in field coverage rate reaches 5%-8% afterwards, reduce soil moisture consumption.Chemical weed control can be selected steriland herbicide paraquat or glyphosate etc.In first 7 days of attention wheat cultivation, should not take chemical weed control.
By this farming technique, when wheat cultivation, in Upland Wheat Field time out 200cm, soil can increase soil water storage amount 20.3mm-90.8mm, and phosphate fertilizer this season availability improves 1.86%-3.93%, volume increase wheat 16.2-58.6kg/ mu, and amount of increase in production reaches 5.4%-15.5%; This technological invention has reached minimizing farming number of times, increases soil water storage, saves energy consumption reduction, time saving and energy saving saving of labor, economical and efficient, increasing both production and income synergy.
Claims (1)
1. Upland Wheat Field volt phase farming increases storage or saving moisture in the soil method, it is characterized in that: take following steps: a, stay wheat stubble height 25cm-30cm while carrying out mechanical harvest, and the wheat stalk of results is evenly shed on the earth's surface of wheatland, every mu of wheat stalk throwing returning amount 120-350kg; B, deep plough and turn over 8-August 23 August, ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm; C, plough deeply while ploughing, apply every mu of MAP or diammonium phosphate containing 7kg-8kg phosphorus pentoxide; After d, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before weeds in field coverage rate 12%-15% or plough deeply plough after wheat cultivation when weeds coverage rate is greater than 5%-8% before 7 days, carry out chemical weed control or artificial weeding with steriland herbicide in time, reduce soil water consumption.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663063A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Tillage method for controlling aegilops tauschii as malignant weed in wheat fields |
| CN115336511A (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2022-11-15 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly dry land |
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| CN102077713A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-01 | 狄正兴 | Double-cropping straw-returning farming method for wheat and maize |
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| RU2006137977A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-10 | Владимир Владимирович Выборнов (RU) | METHOD FOR CROPING ONION-SEED AND ONION-SEEDS ON A RIVER |
| CN102077713A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-01 | 狄正兴 | Double-cropping straw-returning farming method for wheat and maize |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 刘娜: ""运城市旱地小麦高产优质栽培技术"", 《农业技术与装备》, no. 245, 30 September 2012 (2012-09-30), pages 29 - 30 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663063A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Tillage method for controlling aegilops tauschii as malignant weed in wheat fields |
| CN115336511A (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2022-11-15 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly dry land |
| CN115336511B (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2023-10-20 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly and dry land |
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