CN103874419B - 苦味掩蔽剂 - Google Patents
苦味掩蔽剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103874419B CN103874419B CN201280043212.7A CN201280043212A CN103874419B CN 103874419 B CN103874419 B CN 103874419B CN 201280043212 A CN201280043212 A CN 201280043212A CN 103874419 B CN103874419 B CN 103874419B
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- tocopherol
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Abstract
一种用于掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味的方法,所述方法包括在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下,与维生素E化合物一起给予所述苦味物质。当与至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的一种或更多种形式的维生素E化合物组合时,糖食组合物中的苦味物质的苦味被降低。
Description
技术领域
本公开一般涉及特别是在含有苦味物质的糖食组合物中用于掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味的方法。特别地,本公开涉及使用维生素E化合物在包括苦味物质和脂肪的糖食组合物中掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味。
背景技术
维生素E是一种在许多类型的食物、脂肪和油中天然存在的脂溶性维生素。存在八种已知化学形式的维生素E。这些化学形式包括四种生育酚(α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育酚)和四种生育三烯酚(α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育三烯酚)。生育酚在植物油、坚果、种子以及全谷物中天然存在。生育三烯酚在精选的植物油、棕榈油、小麦胚芽、大麦、塞润榈以及某些类型的坚果和谷物中以非常低的水平天然存在。
维生素E是一种已知的抗氧化剂,在脂肪经历氧化时,维生素E阻止活性氧类的生产形成。维生素E常作为抗氧化剂被加入油或含脂肪的食品,以最小化储存期间因氧化可能出现的变质。糖食组合物(如咀嚼型胶基糖)也已被描述为包含生育酚的混合物来稳定包括在咀嚼型胶基糖中的的薄荷油(US5,200,214)。
薄荷醇因其对皮肤和口腔粘膜的生理清凉作用而为人所知,并已在广泛种类的产品(特别是食品、饮料、洁齿剂、漱口水等)中被用作调味试剂。许多糖食产品是包含中等水平至高水平的薄荷醇的薄荷风味的产品。然而,使用薄荷醇的缺点在于其强烈的薄荷气味和薄荷醇赋予其所在的组合物以苦涩的特征。含有薄荷醇的糖食产品可以具有苦味或令人不快的异常口味,对产品的整体风味产生不利的影响。在许多情况下,含薄荷醇的糖食产品的风味会通过减少或去除苦味或令人不快的异常口味,并同时保持或增强薄荷醇组分对整体风味的贡献而得到改善。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,提供一种用于掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味的方法,所述方法包括在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下,与生育酚一起给予所述苦味物质。
在另一个实施方案中,提供一种用于掩蔽糖食组合物中的苦味的方法,所述方法包括提供包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的生育酚的糖食组合物。
在再另一个实施方案中,一种糖食组合物包括苦味物质、脂肪和生育酚,其中所述苦味物质的令人不快的口味被掩蔽。
在一个实施方案中,提供生育酚在含有脂肪的糖食组合物中修改、掩蔽或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味印象的应用。
上文描述的特点以及其他特点通过下面的详细说明而被举例说明。
发明详细描述
已经发现,与苦味物质一起给予少量维生素E化合物有效地掩蔽或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味和/或苦味。当在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下给予时,所述维生素E化合物对苦味物质的整体口味属性的作用特别有效。
本文公开的是掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味的方法。所述方法包括在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下,与维生素E化合物一起给予所述苦味物质。
本文还公开的是一种用于掩蔽含有苦味物质的糖食组合物中的苦味的方法。所述方法包括提供包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的维生素E化合物的糖食组合物。
本文还公开的是包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的维生素E化合物的糖食组合物。所述维生素E化合物被用来修改、掩蔽、降低、掩盖或消除含有脂肪的糖食组合物中的苦味物质的令人不快的口味印象。
如在本文中使用的,“口味掩蔽有效量”是与不用维生素E化合物制备的组合物相比足以减轻或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味的维生素E化合物的量。口味掩蔽有效量可以随被掩蔽的苦味的程度、特定的糖食组合物、糖食组合物中可能存在的附加成分、各种人品尝组合物时的天然遗传变异性和个体偏好,以及维生素E化合物对苦味物质的口味的内在作用而变化。
在一些实施方案中,维生素E化合物选自生育酚、生育三烯酚或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,维生素E化合物是生育酚。生育酚在植物油、坚果、种子以及全谷物中天然存在。可以使用天然产生形式的生育酚以及合成形式的。生育酚以α、β、γ和δ形式存在。
在一些实施方案中,所述生育酚选自由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、以及包括至少一种前述生育酚的组合组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,所述生育酚是α-生育酚。天然存在的α-生育酚以一种立体异构形式存在。相反,合成产生的α-生育酚含有等量的其八种可能的立体异构体。
在其他的实施方案中,当在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下被给予时,维生素E化合物(例如生育三烯酚)也可被用来修改、掩蔽或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味印象。生育三烯酚在精选的植物油、棕榈果油、小麦胚芽、大麦、塞润榈(saw palmetto)以及某些类型的坚果和谷物中以非常低的水平天然存在。可以使用天然产生形式的生育三烯酚以及合成形式的。
生育三烯酚,与生育酚一样,是维生素E族的成员,并且结构上与生育酚相似。生育三烯酚,与生育酚一样,以α、β、γ和δ形式存在。生育三烯酚也在环处具有相同的甲基结构,但是与生育酚不同在于疏水侧链中存在三个双键。疏水侧链中的不饱和使生育三烯酚仅有单一的立体异构的碳,然而生育酚具有3个手性中心。
在一个实施方案中,生育三烯酚选自由α-生育三烯酚、β-生育三烯酚γ-生育三烯酚、δ-生育三烯酚、以及包括至少一种前述生育三烯酚的组合组成的组。
苦味物质可以是任何已知赋予苦味的物质。
在一些实施方案中,苦味物质是薄荷醇。薄荷醇,也称为2-(2-丙基)-5-甲基-l-环己醇,可以以人工形式、以天然衍生的来源(例如椒样薄荷油)、或以从椒样薄荷油分离的天然形式而被利用。椒样薄荷油一般包含约45-55%的薄荷醇、约20-25%的薄荷酮、约5%的乙酸薄荷酯、约5%的桉树脑以及许多其他构成成分。
在一些实施方案中,所述苦味物质与所述生育酚的重量比是约5:1至约1:5,具体地约3:1至约1:3,更具体地约2:1至约1:2并且甚至更具体地约1:1至约1:1.7。在一个实施方案中,所述苦味物质与所述生育酚的重量比是约1:1.5。
在一些实施方案中,所述脂肪选自由植物油、氢化植物油、部分氢化植物油、甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、单不饱和脂肪酸、氢化棕榈油、棕榈硬脂、棕榈仁油、棕榈仁硬脂、乳木果油、氢化棉籽油、可可脂、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、雾冰草油、扁桃仁油(almond oil)、以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
糖食组合物
术语“糖制食品(confection)”或“糖食(confectionery)”或“糖食组合物(confectionery composition)”意为一包括甜味组分的可食用产品。糖食组合物是本领域熟知的,并通常被分类为“硬的”或“软的”糖果物品。糖食组合物还可以包括用食糖、糖浆,或蜂蜜以 及甜的食物(例如糖果或糕点)制成的药用制剂。
如本文所使用的,术语“糖食区(confectionery region)”或“糖食基础剂区(confectionery base region)”是指多区糖食产品的可能邻接或至少部分围绕中心填充区或最内部区的区。在一些实施方案中,糖食区是中间区(intermediate region)。
如本文所使用的,术语“中心填充物(center-fill)”指的是中心填充的糖食产品的最内部的区。在一些实施方案中,所述中心填充区至少部分地被糖食基础剂区围绕。术语“中心填充物”并不一定隐含糖食产品的对称性,仅隐含着所述“中心填充物”是在产品的另一区内。在一些实施方案中,所述中心填充可以是基本对称的,而在其他实施方案中,中心填充物在糖食块中未必是对称的。在一些实施方案中,可以存在多于一种的中心填充物。中心填充物可以包括固体、液体、气体及其混合物。在中心填充物的上下文中,术语“液体”包括流体材料以及半固体或凝胶材料。所述中心填充物可以是水性的、非水性的,或是乳浊液。
糖食组合物可以被包覆或不被包覆。如本文所使用的,术语“包衣”是用来指至少部分地围绕所述糖食芯的材料的区。
在一些实施方案中,糖食组合物包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪以及口味掩蔽有效量的维生素E化合物。在一个实施方案中,所述维生素E化合物是生育酚。所述生育酚被用来在含有脂肪的糖食组合物中修改、掩蔽或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味印象。
在其他的实施方案中,提供一种用于掩蔽糖食组合物中的苦味的方法,其中所述方法包括提供包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的维生素E化合物的糖食组合物。在一些实施方案中,所述维生素E化合物选自生育酚、生育三烯酚或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括提供包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的生育酚的糖食组合物。在一个实施方案中,所述维生素E化合物是选自由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、以及包括至少一种前述生育酚的组合组成的组的生育酚。
在一些实施方案中,所述糖食组合物包括但不限于由巧克力、复合包衣、长豆角包衣(carob coating)、方旦糖、法奇糖、弗拉贝、焦糖、牛轧糖、压制片、糖果絮状物、扁桃仁蛋白糖(marzipan)、耐嚼糖果、硬熬煮糖、橡皮糖、软心豆粒糖、乳脂糖(toffee)、太妃糖、胶冻软糖、咸味奶油硬糖、果仁脆糖、糖锭(pastille)、果仁糖(praline)或牛轧糖、谷粉或淀粉糖食、菌块状巧克力糖(truffle)、浓帕烈(nonpareils)、蹦蹦夹心糖(bon bons)、正餐后薄荷糖(after-dinner mints)、富雷斯糖(fourres)、果仁糊、咀嚼型胶基糖、白色牛轧糖(montelimart)、巧克力牛轧糖(nougatine)、水果嚼糖、土耳其软糖(Turkish delight)、硬橡皮糖、软橡皮糖、淀粉基胶冻软糖、明胶基胶冻软糖、琼脂基胶冻软糖、桃仁蛋白糖(persipan)、椰子酱、椰子饯、喉糖(lozenge)、口香片(cachou)、乳脂酱、糖衣丸、加糖果仁、加糖扁桃仁(sugared almonds)、酒馅的巧克力(comfit)、茴芹子球、甘草糖、加甘草香料的糖果膏、巧克力酱、巧克力屑、以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
在一些实施方案中,所述糖食组合物是耐嚼糖果。耐嚼糖果的实施例包括但不限于由焦糖、牛轧糖、橡皮糖、软心豆粒糖、乳脂糖、太妃糖、胶冻软糖、水果嚼糖、土耳其软糖、硬橡皮糖、软橡皮糖、淀粉基胶冻软糖、明胶基胶冻软糖、琼脂基胶冻软糖以及包括至少一种前述耐嚼糖果的组合组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,耐嚼糖果包括中心填充物。所述中心填充物可以是水性的、非水性的或是乳浊液。在一个实施方案中,所述中心填充物是乳浊液。
在另一个实施方案中,所述糖食组合物是硬的糖食,例如喉糖。在另一个实施方案中,所述糖食组合物是咀嚼型胶基糖。
在一些实施方案中,所述生育酚以所述糖食组合物重量的约0.0001至约10%的量存在于所述糖食组合物中。具体地,所述生育酚以所述糖食组合物重量的约0.0005%至约5.0%,更具体地约0.001至约1.0%,并且甚至更具体地约0.01%至约0.5%的量存在。
所述苦味物质可以是已知为糖食组合物赋予苦味的任何物质。
在一些实施方案中,所述苦味物质是薄荷醇。薄荷醇可以以液体形式或者固体形式被使用。在一个实施方案中,薄荷醇作为椒样薄荷油的组分存在于糖食组合物中。在其他的实施方案中,薄荷醇以人造形式或以自椒样薄荷油衍生的天然形式存在。
在一些实施方案中,苦味物质以所述糖食组合物重量的约0.0001至约10%的量存在。具体地,所述苦味物质以所述糖食组合物重量的约0.0005%至约5%,更具体地约0.001至约1.0%,并且甚至更具体地约0.01%至约0.5%的量存在。
在一些实施方案中,苦味物质与生育酚的重量比是约5:1至约1:5,具体地约3:1至约1:3,更具体地约2:1至约1:2,并且甚至更具体地约1:1至约1:1.7。在一个实施方案中,苦味物质与生育酚的重量比是约1:1.5。
在一些实施方案中,所述脂肪选自由植物油、氢化植物油、部分氢化植物油、甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、单不饱和脂肪酸、氢化棕榈油、棕榈硬脂、棕榈仁油、棕榈仁硬脂、乳木果油、氢化棉籽油、可可脂、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、雾冰草油、扁桃仁油、以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
在一些实施方案中,所述脂肪以基于所述糖食组合物重量的约1%至约50%重量的量存在。具体地,所述脂肪以所述糖食组合物重量的约5%至约45%,并且更具体地约10至约30%的量存在。
在一些实施方案中,掩蔽糖食组合物中的苦味的方法还包括混合所述至少一种脂肪、所述苦味物质和所述生育酚以形成口味掩蔽的混合物。
乳化剂也可以被包括在所述口味掩蔽混合物中以形成乳浊液。乳化剂与脂肪、苦味物质和生育酚组合,并且所述成分被混合在一起,以将所述乳化剂并入所述口味掩蔽混合物中。
基于所述口味掩蔽混合物的重量,所述乳化剂以约0.05%至约5%重量的量被包括。具体地,所述乳化剂以所述口味掩蔽混合物重量的约0.1%至约3.0%,更具体地约0.2至约2.0%,或者甚至更加具体地0.5%至约1.5%的量存在。
乳化剂的实施例包括选自由自大豆、红花或玉米衍生的卵磷脂;富含磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺或磷脂酰肌醇的分馏卵磷脂;由燕麦衍生的乳化剂,甘油单酯和甘油二酯及其酒石酸酯,可食脂肪和油的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的磷酸二氢钠衍生物,山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,羟基化卵磷脂,合成磷脂(如磷脂酸铵),聚蓖麻油酸聚甘油酯(PGPR),甘油或丙二醇的乳酸化脂肪酸酯,脂肪酸的聚甘油酯,脂肪酸的柠檬酸酯,脂肪的丙二醇单酯和二酯,脂肪酸,以及包括至少一种前述乳化剂的组合组成的组的那些乳化剂。在一些实施方案中,乳化剂包括聚蓖麻油酸聚甘油酯(PGPR)和蒸馏的甘油单酯。
在一些实施方案中,口味掩蔽混合物是乳浊液。
口味掩蔽混合物与其他单个糖食成分组合,以形成最终期望的糖食组合物。在一些实施方案中,口味掩蔽混合物作为中心填充物被并入糖食组合物内。在其他的实施方案中,口味掩蔽混合物可以与其他成分混合,和/或遍及糖食组合物均匀地分布。根据对本领域的普通技术人员公知的期望组合物的性质决定,其他成分通常会被并入到组合物中。糖食组分组合物使用食品技术和药物领域普遍已知的方法被容易地制备。
广泛种类的一种或更多种糖食成分或添加剂可以被包括在糖食组合物中。这样的成分的实施例包括选自由甜味料、高强度甜味料、风味调节剂或增强剂、风味料、着色试剂、药物、口腔护理试剂、咽喉护理试剂、口气清新剂、矿物辅助剂、增量剂、酸化剂、缓冲剂、可感觉物质、暖味剂、冷却剂、麻刺剂、泡腾剂、增稠剂、口腔湿润剂、风味增强组合物、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、增量剂以及包括至少一种前述添加剂的组合组成的组的那些添加剂。这些添加剂的一些可以用于多于一种用途。举例来说,甜味料(如蔗糖、山梨糖醇或其他糖醇或前述甜味料的组合)还可以起增量剂的作用。
增甜剂被包括,以向所述糖食组合物提供甜味。增甜剂可以包括食糖甜味料、无食糖甜味料、高强度甜味料或至少一种前述增甜剂的组合。
食糖甜味料一般包括糖化物。食糖甜味料的实施例包括单糖化物、二糖化物和多糖化物,例如但不限于,蔗糖(食糖)、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、木糖、核糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖(左旋糖)、乳糖、转化糖、果寡糖糖浆(fructo oligo saccharide syrups)、部分氢化的淀粉、高麦芽糖葡萄糖糖浆、玉米糖浆固形物(如高果糖玉米糖浆),及其混合物。
无食糖增甜剂的实施例包括糖醇(或多元醇),例如但不限于山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(异麦芽酮糖醇)、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物及其混合物。
如在本文中使用的,“高强度甜味料”意为具有在每一重量基础上至少为食糖(蔗糖)的甜度100倍的甜度的试剂,具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度500倍的甜度。在一个实施方案中,高强度甜味料在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度1,000倍,更具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度5,000倍。高强度甜味料可以选自于广泛范围的材料,包括水溶性甜味料、水溶性人工甜味料、从天然存在的水溶性甜味料衍生的水溶性甜味料、基于二肽的甜味料以及基于蛋白质的甜味料。包括一种或更多种甜味料或一种或更多种前述甜味料类型的组合可以被使用。不限于特定的甜味料,代表性的类别和例子包括:水溶性的增甜剂,比如二氢查尔酮、莫内林(monellin)、甜菊苷、甘草甜素、二氢核黄素(dihydroflavenol)、莫那亭、以及L-氨基二羧酸氨基链烯酸酯酰胺,例如在美国专利号4,619,834中公开的那些,或包括前述至少一种的组合;水溶性人工甜味料,比如可溶的糖精盐,即钠或钙的糖精盐、环磺酸盐、安赛蜜盐,比如3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钠盐、铵盐或钙盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钾盐(乙酰磺胺酸钾,Acesulfame-K)、糖精的游离酸形式、或包括前述至少一种的组合;基于二肽的甜味料,举例来说,从L-天冬氨酸衍生的甜味料,比如L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯巴甜),以及美国专利No.3,492,131中描述的材料、L-α-天冬氨酰-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫杂环丁基)-D-丙氨酰胺水合物(阿力甜)、L-天冬氨酰-L-苯基丙三醇以及L-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸的甲酯、L-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢-L-苯丙氨酸;L-天冬氨酰-L-(1-环己烯)-丙氨酸、纽甜或包括前述至少一种的组合;从天然存在的水溶性甜味料衍生的水溶性甜味料,例如甜菊苷、普通食糖(蔗糖)的氯化衍生物,例如氯化脱氧糖衍生物(如例如以已知的产品名称三氯蔗糖的氯化脱氧蔗糖或氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物);氯化脱氧蔗糖和氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物的实施例包括但不限于:1-氯-1'-脱氧蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4-氯-4-脱氧半乳蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1-氯-1-脱氧-β-D-果糖-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1'-二氯-4,1'-二脱氧半乳蔗糖;1',6'-二氯1',6'-二脱氧蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1',6'-三氯-4,1',6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-6-氯-6-脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,6'-三氯-4,6,6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;6,1',6'-三氯-6,1',6'-三脱氧蔗糖; 4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-半乳糖-吡喃基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,1',6'-四氯4,6,1',6'-四脱氧半乳糖-蔗糖;4,6,1',6'-四脱氧-蔗糖,或包括前述至少一种的组合;基于蛋白质的甜味料,例如非洲竹芋甜素(thaumaoccous denielli)、塔林(talin)或包括前述至少一种的组合;以及基于氨基酸的甜味料。
高强度甜味料可以以许多独特的物理形式被使用(举例来说,本领域公知的那些物理形式)以提供甜味的初始突释(burst)和/或延长的甜味感。这样的物理形式包括但不限于多种游离形式(比如,喷雾干燥形式或粉末形式)、珠状形式、被包封的形式,或者包括至少一种前述形式的组合。
可以被使用的风味料的实施例包括那些本领域已知的人造或天然的风味物,例如合成风味物油、天然调味香料和/或油,油树脂,源自于植物、叶、花、果实等等的提取物,以及包括至少一种前述风味料的组合。非限定性代表性风味物包括油(例如留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青的油(水杨酸甲酯)、椒样薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、茴香油、桉树油、百里香油、雪松叶油、肉豆蔻的油、众香子、鼠尾草的油、肉豆蔻衣、苦扁桃仁的油、桂皮油、柑橘油(包括柠檬、橙、酸橙、葡萄柚);香草;水果香精(包括苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、草莓、树莓、黑莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、热带果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、木瓜、甜心柠檬等等),或包括至少一种前述风味料的组合。具体的风味料是薄荷(例如椒样薄荷)、留兰香、人造香草、肉桂衍生物以及各种水果风味物。
其他类型的风味料包括各种醛和酯类,例如canary acetate、肉桂醛、柠檬醛二乙缩醛、醋酸二氢香芹酯、甲酸丁香酚酯、对-甲基茴香醚、乙醛(苹果)、苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁)、大茴香醛(甘草,大茴香)、肉桂醛(肉桂)、柠檬醛,也即α-柠檬醛(柠檬,酸橙)、橙花醛,即β-柠檬醛(柠檬,酸橙)、癸醛(橙,柠檬)、乙基香草醛(香草,乳脂)、香水花,即胡椒醛(香草,乳脂)、香草醛(香草,乳脂)、α-戊基肉桂醛(有香辛味的果味风味物)、丁醛(黄油,干酪)、戊醛(黄油,干酪)、香茅醛(改性产物,多种类型)、癸醛(柑橘属水果)、醛C-8(柑橘属水果)、醛C-9(柑橘属水果)、醛C-12(柑橘属水果)、2-乙基丁醛(浆果类水果)、已烯醛,即反-2(浆果类水果)、甲基苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁)、藜芦醛(香草)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛,即甜瓜醛(甜瓜)、2,6-二甲基辛醛(未熟水果)和2-十二烯醛(柑橘属水果,橘)。
调味剂可以以液体或固体形式使用。当以固体(干燥)形式使用时,可以使用合适的干燥手段,例如喷雾干燥所述油。可替换地,调味剂可以通过本领域已知的手段被包封、吸收到水溶性材料(例如纤维素、淀粉、食糖、麦芽糖糊精、阿拉伯树胶等)上。在一些实施方案中,调味剂可以以有效提供风味的初始突释或延长的风味感觉的物理形式而被使用。
冷却剂是在口腔中、鼻腔中或皮肤上提供清凉或清新效果的添加剂。如本文所使用的,基于薄荷基的冷却剂包括薄荷醇和薄荷醇衍生物。薄荷醇(也被称为2-(2-丙基)-5-甲基-1- 环己醇)是以人造形式或以来自如椒样薄荷油的来源的天然形式可获得的。薄荷醇衍生物包括基于薄荷基酯和基于薄荷基甲酰胺的凉味化合物,如薄荷基甲酰胺、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷甲酰胺、单薄荷基琥珀酸酯、α-单薄荷基、甲基琥珀酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸单薄荷酯、2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸薄荷酯、3-甲基马来酸单薄荷酯、醋酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、水杨酸薄荷酯、2-异丙基-5-甲基环己醇(2-isopropanyl-5-methylcyclohexanol)、3,l-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、薄荷烷、薄荷酮、薄荷酮缩酮(menthone ketals)、薄荷酮甘油缩酮(menthone glycerol ketals)、薄荷基戊二酸酯、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷-3-羧酰胺(WS-3)以及包括上述至少一种的组合。
其他冷却剂可以与基于薄荷基的冷却剂组合使用,举例来说,2-巯基-环-癸酮、具有2-6个碳原子的羟基羧酸、N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、α-二甲基琥珀酸、乳酸甲酯或包括上述至少一种的组合。
暖味组分可以选自广泛种类的已知用来向使用者提供温热的感觉信号的化合物。这些化合物给予感受到的温暖的感觉(特别是在口腔中),并且常常增进风味物、甜味料和其他器官感觉组分的感受。包括在有用的暖味化合物中的为香兰醇正丁醚(TK-1000,由日本东京Takasago Perfumary Company Limited供应)、香兰醇正丙醚、香兰醇异丙醚、香兰醇异丁醚、香兰醇-n-氨基醚、香兰醇异戊醚、香兰醇正已醚、香兰醇甲醚、香兰醇乙醚、姜醇、姜烯酚、姜酮酚、姜油酮、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱、乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、苯甲醇、甘油,以及包括上述至少一种的组合。
可以以有效产生食品的期望的颜色的量使用的着色试剂(着色剂、着色物)。适合的着色试剂包括颜料,所述颜料可以以可食物重量的高至约6wt%(重量百分数)的量被并入。举例来说,二氧化钛可以以可食物重量的高至约2wt%,且具体地小于约1wt%的量被并入。适合的着色试剂也包括天然食品色素和适合用于食品、药物和化妆品应用的染料。适合的色素包括胭脂树橙提取物(E160b)、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素、虾青素(astaxanthin)、脱水甜菜(甜菜粉)、甜菜红/甜菜苷(E162)、群青蓝、斑蝥黄(E161g)、隐黄质(E161c)、玉红黄质(E161d)、紫黄质(violanxanthin,E161e)、紫杉紫素(E161f)、焦糖(E150(a-d))、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜醛(E160e)、β-胡萝卜素(E160a)、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜素醛乙酯(E160f)、毛莨黄素(E161a)、黄体素(E161b)、胭脂虫提取物(E120);胭脂红(E132)、酸性淡红/偶氮玉红(E122)、叶绿素铜钠(E141)、叶绿素(E140)、烤制的部分脱脂的熟棉籽粉、葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄色提取物(grape color extract)、葡萄果皮提取物(葡萄花青素)、花青素(E163)、血色球菌藻粉、合成铁氧化物、铁氧化物和氢氧化物(E172)、果汁、蔬菜汁、干藻粉、万寿菊(阿兹特克万寿菊)粉和提取物、胡萝卜油、玉米胚乳油、红辣椒、红辣椒油树脂、法夫红酵母、核黄素(E101)、藏红花素、二氧化钛、姜黄(E100)、姜黄油树脂(turmeric oleoresin)、苋菜红(E123)、辣椒红色素/辣椒玉红素(E160c)、番茄红素(E160d)、FD&C蓝1号、FD&C蓝2号、FD&C绿3号、FD&C红3号、FD&C红40号、FD&C黄5号和FD&C黄6号、酒石黄(E102)、喹啉黄(E104)、日落黄(E110)、丽春红(E124)、赤藓红(E127)、专利蓝V(E131)、二氧化钛(E171)、铝(E173)、银(E174)、金(E175)、颜料玉红/利索尔宝红BK(E180)、 碳酸钙(E170)、炭黑(E153)、黑PN/亮黑BN(E151)、绿S/酸煌绿BS(E142)、或包括上述至少一种的组合。在一些实施方案中,认证色素可以包括FD&C铝色淀或包括至少一种上述色素的组合。
在一些实施方案中,糖食组合物可以被包覆以水性包衣组合物,所述水性包衣组合物可以以本领域已知的任何方法施加。
外包衣可以是硬或脆的。典型地,所述外包衣可以包括山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇以及其他可结晶的多元醇;也可以使用蔗糖。风味料也可以被添加以获得独特的产品特征。
如果存在包衣,所述包衣可以包括几个不透明层,以使糖食组合物通过包衣本身不可见,出于美学、质地和保护的目的,所述包衣可以可选地被另外的一个或多个透明层覆盖。外包衣还可以包含少量的水和阿拉伯胶。包衣可以进一步被蜡包覆。所述包衣可以以常规方式通过连续地施加包衣溶液来施加,其中在每层包衣之间进行干燥。随着包衣干燥,其常常变得不透明且常常为白色,尽管可以加入其他色料。多元醇包衣可以进一步被蜡包覆。包衣可以进一步包括着色的小片或斑点。
如果产品是中心填充的糖食,包衣可以被配制以辅助提高糖食组合物的热稳定性并防止液体填充物泄漏。在一些实施方案中,包衣可以包括明胶组合物。明胶组合物可以以40wt%重量的溶液被加入,并可以以所述包衣组合物重量的从约5wt%至约10wt%,并且更具体地以7wt%至约8wt%存在于包衣组合物中。明胶的凝胶强度可以从约130布鲁姆(bloom)至约250布鲁姆。
通过以下实施例来进一步阐述前述和其他的实施方案,所述实施例不意图来限制权利要求书的有效范围。除非另外指明,实施例中以及遍及说明书和权利要求书的所有份数和百分数都是基于最终组合物的重量。
实施例
实施例1.生育酚对乳浊液填充的滚挂耐嚼糖果产品的影响
下面的实施例被制备以阐释生育酚对具有基于乳浊液的中心填充物的滚挂耐嚼糖果产品的整体风味属性的影响。
滚挂耐嚼产品被制备为具有乳浊液填充物。该乳浊液填充物是根据表1和表2所示的配方制备的。出于其质地品质,两种脂肪被选择。具体地,所述乳浊液含有低熔点脂肪(精炼棕榈油;表1),或者高熔点的脂肪(棕榈硬脂;表2)。所述精炼棕榈油(PalmotexTM;AAK)是具有36℃的滑熔点的“软”脂肪。所述棕榈硬脂(PalmotexTM98T;AAK)是具有50℃的滑熔点的“硬”脂肪。
表1.含有精炼棕榈油的乳浊液
表2.含有棕榈硬脂的乳浊液
脂肪、乳化剂和生育酚被混合并加热至70℃以将乳化剂熔化并溶解到脂肪中。随后加入风味物。脂肪混合物被置于Hobart混合器并且缓慢加入葡萄糖糖浆(预热至40℃)并混合(超过约60秒)。
软脂肪配方(表1)被混合并被冷却至33℃,同时硬脂肪配方(表2)被混合并被冷却至42℃。Hobart是无套的,所以尽管使用了初始环境冷却,还是有必要加入冷冻喷雾、冰袋以及冰水托盘以帮助乳浊液的冷却。所述乳浊液以15kg的批次被制作。
成品乳浊液被转移至螺旋杆式泵(例如单螺旋杆)上方的料斗。料斗和至过程和再循环回路的管道被夹套在40℃并被控制。
所述乳浊液被泵入一个共挤出机具(arrangement),以制作具有乳浊液中心填充物的乳脂糖料串。该料串被冷却、拉抻、收集、辊调整尺寸、旋转成形、冷却并被收集用于滚挂。所形成的中心填充的咀嚼物被预包覆以麦芽糖醇溶液。随后,使用麦芽糖醇溶液和滚挂工艺,将硬包衣施加在所形成的中心的表面上。
乳浊液在成产过程期间被品尝,以测试酸败的存在。关于乳浊液的口味评价的评论示于下表3。在使用之前,脂肪也被品尝,并且没有检测到异味。在滚挂前,中心填充的耐嚼产品被品尝,并且没有检测到腐臭或异味。
表3.乳浊液的口味评价
遵循乳浊液的口味测试,明显的是,生育酚降低了苦味并且增强了高熔点脂肪乳浊液和低熔点脂肪乳浊液二者的甜味
一周后,最终的滚挂的耐嚼产品经历口味评价。对于最终产品的口味评价结果示于表4中。
表4.滚挂的耐嚼糖果产品的口味评价
遵循最终的滚挂的耐嚼产品的口味测试,明显的是,被制备为具有包括DL-α-生育酚的乳浊液的产品与具有不包括DL-α-生育酚的乳浊液的产品相比更甜并且一般来说较少苦味。包含具有高熔点脂肪乳浊液中心的乳浊液的耐嚼产品与具有低熔点脂肪乳浊液中心的那些耐嚼产品相比更优选。
实施例2.生育酚对薄荷醇苦味的影响
基于水的薄荷醇溶液的制备
下面的实施例被制备来阐释生育酚对含有薄荷醇的组合物的苦味的影响。
具有和不具有DL-α-生育酚的包含薄荷醇的溶液被制备,使用水作为主要稀释剂。由于薄荷醇不溶于水,薄荷醇首先被溶解在食品级酒精中,随后在水中稀释。
使用水作为稀释剂制备的品尝溶液示于下表5中。为了制备基于水的溶液,薄荷醇被首先添加到食品级酒精并被搅拌30分钟的时间。然后,添加DL-α-生育酚,并且将混合物搅拌额外的30分钟。将溶液转移到500ml容量瓶中,然后将所述容量瓶用水填充至线并且颠倒数次以便于在容量瓶中的成分混合。
表5.基于水的薄荷醇配方
基于水的薄荷醇溶液的口味测试
进行口味测试以确定含有薄荷醇和dl-α-生育酚二者的基于水的溶液和那些仅含薄荷醇的基于水的溶液之间是否存在任何可检测的口味差异。
使用三角试验来检测样品之间的口味差异。小组成员被提供以三个样品,所有样品被随机编号3位编码。所述三个样品选自CE3的两个样品和Ex.3的一个样品;或者CE3的一个样品和Ex.3的两个样品。所述三个样品以随机顺序被提供从而使结果无偏向。小组成员被要求品尝所述三个样品并且识别“异样的”样品。小组成员还被要求阐明他们选择的原因。
基于水的薄荷醇溶液(CE3和Ex.3)的三角试验的结果被示于下表6中。
表6.针对基于水的薄荷醇溶液的三角试验结果
小组成员 | 检测到正确差异 | 评论** |
1 | 否 | |
2 | 否 | |
3 | 否 | |
4 | 否 | 312与另外两个相比似乎非常苦 |
5 | 是 | 更苦并且更多的薄荷醇风味 |
6 | 是 | |
7 | 否 | |
8 | 否 | |
9 | 是 | 312更加清凉和苦 |
10 | 否 | |
11 | 否 | |
12 | 是 | 188更苦。250和312有更强烈的酒精风味 |
13 | 否 | |
14 | 否 | |
15 | 是 | 188尝起来为略少的咳嗽药物并且更多薄荷醇 |
16 | 否 | |
17 | 否 | |
18 | 是 | 250和312具有苦味而188没有,其可能更甜 |
19 | 否 | |
20 | 是 | 尝起较不强烈且较不冲击、清凉持续得更久 |
**编码破解(Code Breaker):
CE3:样品105和样品188
Ex.3:样品312和样品250
如表6所示,在20个测试的小组成员中,7人能够正确识别异样的样品,示出了在含有薄荷醇和生育酚的样品和仅含有薄荷醇的样品之间的口味没有显著差异。在被正确识别为异样的七个样品中,仅三位小组成员提出生育酚掩蔽了样品中存在的薄荷醇的苦味。
确定的是,水不是用于测试生育酚对薄荷醇溶液的口味的影响的最好介质(稀释剂)。确信的是,由于生育酚是一种脂溶性维生素,所以生育酚在基于水的溶液中的分散可能不足够均匀。
基于牛奶的薄荷醇溶液的制备
为了改进生育酚在薄荷醇溶液中的分散,全脂牛奶被用作主要稀释剂来制备所述溶液。此外,使用较低量的食品级酒精来溶解薄荷醇。
使用水以及全脂牛奶制备的品尝溶液示于下表7中。为了制备基于牛奶的溶液,薄荷醇被首先添加至在容量瓶中的食品级酒精中并被搅拌30分钟的时间。然后,通过搅拌30分钟的时间,DL-α-生育酚被溶解在250ml牛奶中。牛奶溶液(或仅为牛奶)和薄荷醇溶液被转移到500ml容量瓶中,然后将所述容量瓶用水填充至线并且颠倒数次以便于在容 量瓶中的成分混合。
表7.基于牛奶的薄荷醇配方
基于牛奶的薄荷醇溶液的口味测试
进行口味测试以确定含有薄荷醇和DL-α-生育酚二者的基于牛奶的溶液和那些仅含薄荷醇的基于牛奶的溶液之间是否存在任何可检测的口味差异。使用三角试验来检测样品之间的口味差异。小组成员被提供以三个样品,所有样品被随机编号3位编码。所述三个样品选自下面的组:(1)CE4的两个样品和Ex.4的一个样品;或者(2)CE4的一个样品和Ex.4的两个样品。所述三个样品以随机顺序被提供从而使结果无偏向。小组成员被要求品尝所述三个样品并且识别“异样的”样品。小组成员还被要求阐明他们选择的原因。
基于牛奶的薄荷醇溶液(CE3和Ex.3)的三角试验的结果被示于下表8中。
表8.针对基于牛奶的薄荷醇溶液的三角试验结果
**编码破解:
CE4:样品554和样品382
Ex.4:样品176和样品905
如表8所示,在20个测试的小组成员中,10人能够正确识别异样的样品。该结果的p值为0.092,示出了在含有薄荷醇和生育酚两者的样品(Ex.4)和仅含有薄荷醇的样品(CE4)之间的口味属性存在趋向性不同。结果还示出生育酚对降低全脂牛奶中薄荷醇的苦味具有影响。
如本文中所使用的,过渡词“包括(comprising)”(还有“包括(comprises)”等),与“具有(having)”、“包括(including)”、“包含(containing)”或“特征在于(characterized by)”同义,是包括性或开放式的,并且不排除额外的、未陈述的要素或方法步骤,与其是用于权利要求的前序部分还是主体部分无关。
除非在上下文中另外清楚地指明,单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数形式的 指示物。
指向相同的特征或组分的所有范围的端点可独立地组合,并且包括所陈述的端点在内。
词语“或(or)”意为“和/或(and/or)”。
使产品对于消费者是可获得的提供可以通过制造商、分销商或其他卖方而被实现。
遍及说明书提及的“一个实施方案(one embodiment)”、“其他实施方案(other embodiments)”、“实施方案(an embodiment)”等等,意为与所述实施方案相关联描述的特定要素(例如,特点、结构和/或特征)被包括在本文所描述的至少一个实施方案中,并且可以存在于或者不存在于其他实施方案中。此外,要被理解的是,所描述的要素可以在各种实施方案中以任何合适的方式组合。
尽管已经参照示例性的一个或多个实施方案描述了本发明,将被本领域技术人员理解的是,可以进行各种改变并且等同物可以替代其要素而不偏离本发明的范围。此外,对本发明的教导可以进行很多修改以适应特定的情况或材料而不偏离本发明的本质范围。因此,没有意图将本发明限制于作为预期实现本发明的最好方式而公开的特定的一个或多个实施方案,而是意指本发明将包括落入所附的权利要求书的范围之内的所有实施方案。
Claims (31)
1.一种掩蔽苦味物质的令人不快的口味的方法,所述方法包括在至少一种脂肪存在的情况下,与生育酚一起给予所述苦味物质;其中所述苦味物质与所述生育酚的重量比是5:1至1:5。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述生育酚选自由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、以及包括至少一种前述生育酚的组合组成的组。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述苦味物质是薄荷醇。
4.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪是植物油。
5.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、单不饱和脂肪酸,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
6.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由氢化棕榈油、棕榈仁油、乳木果油、氢化棉籽油、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、雾冰草油、扁桃仁油,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
7.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由棕榈硬脂、棕榈仁硬脂、可可脂,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
8.一种掩蔽糖食组合物中的苦味的方法,所述方法包括:
提供包括苦味物质、至少一种脂肪和口味掩蔽有效量的生育酚的糖食组合物;
其中所述苦味物质与所述生育酚的重量比是5:1至1:5。
9.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述生育酚选自由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、以及包括至少一种前述生育酚的组合组成的组。
10.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述生育酚以所述糖食组合物重量的0.0005至5%的量存在。
11.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述生育酚以所述糖食组合物重量的0.001至1.0%的量存在。
12.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述苦味物质以所述糖食组合物重量的0.0001至10%的量存在。
13.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述苦味物质是薄荷醇。
14.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪是植物油。
15.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、单不饱和脂肪酸,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
16.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由氢化棕榈油、棕榈仁油、乳木果油、氢化棉籽油、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、雾冰草油、扁桃仁油,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
17.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪选自由棕榈硬脂、棕榈仁硬脂、可可脂,以及包括至少一种前述脂肪的组合组成的组。
18.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪基于所述糖食组合物重量的5%至45%重量的量存在。
19.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物选自由巧克力、复合包衣、方旦糖、弗拉贝、焦糖、压制片、糖果絮状物、耐嚼糖果、硬熬煮糖、果仁糖、谷粉或淀粉糖食、富雷斯糖、果仁糊、咀嚼型胶基糖、椰子饯、乳脂酱、糖衣丸、加糖果仁、茴芹子球、甘草糖、加甘草香料的糖果膏,以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
20.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物选自由长豆角包衣、法奇糖、扁桃仁蛋白糖、橡皮糖、乳脂糖、咸味奶油硬糖、果仁脆糖、糖锭、菌块状巧克力糖、浓帕烈、蹦蹦夹心糖、正餐后薄荷糖、白色牛轧糖、巧克力牛轧糖、水果嚼糖、桃仁蛋白糖、喉糖、加糖扁桃仁、椰子酱、酒馅的巧克力、巧克力酱、巧克力屑,以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
21.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物选自由口香片、软心豆粒糖、牛轧糖、太妃糖、土耳其软糖,以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
22.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物选自由硬橡皮糖、软橡皮糖,以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
23.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物选自由淀粉基胶冻软糖、明胶基胶冻软糖、琼脂基胶冻软糖,以及包括至少一种前述糖食组合物的组合组成的组。
24.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括混合所述脂肪、所述苦味物质和所述生育酚来形成口味掩蔽混合物。
25.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,还包括将乳化剂与所述脂肪、所述苦味物质和所述生育酚混合。
26.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述乳化剂选自由卵磷脂;由燕麦衍生的乳化剂;甘油单酯和甘油二酯及其酒石酸酯;可食脂肪和油的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的磷酸二氢钠衍生物;山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯;聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯;合成磷脂;聚蓖麻油酸聚甘油酯(PGPR);甘油或丙二醇的乳酸化脂肪酸酯;脂肪酸的聚甘油酯;脂肪酸的柠檬酸酯;脂肪的丙二醇单酯和二酯;脂肪酸;以及包括至少一种前述乳化剂的组合组成的组。
27.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述乳化剂选自由富含磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺或磷脂酰肌醇的分馏卵磷脂;羟基化卵磷脂;磷脂酸铵;以及包括至少一种前述乳化剂的组合组成的组。
28.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述乳化剂是聚蓖麻油酸聚甘油酯(PGPR)。
29.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物还包括选自由甜味料、风味调节剂或增强剂、风味料、着色试剂、药物、矿物辅助剂、增量剂、酸化剂、缓冲试剂、暖味剂、冷却剂、麻刺剂、增稠剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、以及包括至少一种前述添加剂的组合组成的组的添加剂。
30.权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述糖食组合物还包括选自由高强度甜味料、口腔护理剂、咽喉护理剂、泡腾剂,以及包括至少一种前述添加剂的组合组成的组的添加剂。
31.生育酚在含有脂肪的糖食组合物中修改、掩蔽或降低苦味物质的令人不快的口味印象的应用,
其中所述苦味物质与所述生育酚的重量比是5:1至1:5。
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