CN104754951A - 咀嚼型胶基糖产品及其形成方法 - Google Patents
咀嚼型胶基糖产品及其形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104754951A CN104754951A CN201380053166.3A CN201380053166A CN104754951A CN 104754951 A CN104754951 A CN 104754951A CN 201380053166 A CN201380053166 A CN 201380053166A CN 104754951 A CN104754951 A CN 104754951A
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- filler material
- chewing gum
- xylitol
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- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L zinc;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BOVNWDGXGNVNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O BOVNWDGXGNVNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XLMCDAMBOROREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;3-phosphonooxypropane-1,2-diolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OP(O)(=O)OCC([O-])C[O-] XLMCDAMBOROREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
- A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
- A23G4/205—Hollow products, e.g. with inedible or edible filling, fixed or movable within the cavity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/10—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Abstract
一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其通过以下方法形成,所述方法包含:挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成具有毛细管的挤出的本体部分,添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体,并且分割所述填充的挤出本体以形成所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品。所述填充物材料包含约20重量%至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20重量%至约80重量%的木糖醇,其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。在冷却时,所述填充物材料发生结晶以形成酥脆的填充物。
Description
背景技术
生产由不同的组分形成的糖食产品以便增加感官愉悦是合乎所需的。许多现有的糖食产品具有由不同的组分形成的多个区域。例如,多层糖食产品可包括一个层堆叠在另一个层上的多层不同糖食组分。中心填充的糖食组合物也是已知的,其包括芯(或中心填充)糖食组分和包围该芯组分的外壳糖食组分。被包覆的糖食组合物也是已知的,其包括一种糖食组分在另一种糖食组分上的包衣。不同组分的存在通过给消费者提供各种各样的风味物和质构来提高感官愉悦。
Fornaguera的国际公布WO 2007/056685 A2公开了一种用于生产多个中心填充的绳状物(rope)的方法和设备,其中料串材料可为咀嚼型胶基糖材料。所述绳状物随后进行分割并卷曲以形成单个的小片,中心填充物材料被密封在每个小片中。Vaman等人的国际公布WO 2010/034977 A1公开了一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包含呈挤出的本体部分(bodyportion)形式的咀嚼型胶基糖材料,该挤出的本体部分具有设置在其中的多个毛细管。在制备包括多个填充的毛细管的咀嚼型胶基糖产品时,遇到了许多挑战。例如,填充物材料应在小于或等于80℃的温度下添加到毛细管以与挤出的咀嚼型胶基糖材料相容。毛细管填充物材料还应具有足够低的粘度以便在添加过程中进行泵送,但具有足够高的粘度以防止在将挤出的糖食切开以暴露出毛细管的开放末端时发生泄漏。一种避免泄漏的方法是将增稠剂如羧甲基纤维素或果胶掺入到填充物材料中。但是,伴随而来的填充物材料粘度的提高会妨碍穿过小直径孔口添加填充物材料,该小直径孔口是填充毛细管所需的。当需要具有酥脆的填充物材料的咀嚼型胶基糖产品时,那么可结晶的填充物材料是可用的,但是增稠剂会妨碍填充物材料结晶的速率和程度。因此,仍需要具有填充了这样的材料的毛细管的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,所述材料容易添加到咀嚼型胶基糖材料内的毛细管,但硬化成酥脆的材料并避免在切割和包装过程中发生泄漏。
发明内容
一个实施例是一种形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法,该方法包括:挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成挤出的本体部分和设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体;以及将该填充的挤出本体分割以形成该咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇;其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
另一个实施例是通过该方法制备的咀嚼型胶基糖产品。
另一个实施例是一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包括:包括咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出的本体部分;和设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述毛细管中的至少一个包括填充物材料,基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
附图说明
在以下附图中,相似的元件以相似的数字编号。
图1是示出用于制备咀嚼型胶基糖产品的各个实例的设备的示意图。
图2是示出与图1的用于制备各种咀嚼型胶基糖产品的设备一起使用的挤出模头组件的示意图。
图3是用于制备各种咀嚼型胶基糖产品的微毛细管模头的示意图。
图4示出本文所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品的一个实施例的立体图,该产品具有挤出的本体部分,该挤出的本体部分包括咀嚼型胶基糖材料和三个具有填充物材料的毛细管。
具体实施方式
本发明人已确定,具有经填充的毛细管的咀嚼型胶基糖产品当在如下情况下时,容易形成,但能避免在切割和包装过程中发生泄漏并能硬化成酥脆的材料:填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
一个实施例是一种形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法,该方法包括:挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成挤出的本体部分和设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体;以及将该填充的挤出本体分割以形成该咀嚼型胶基糖产品;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇;其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
填充物材料主要由山梨糖醇和木糖醇组成。具体地讲,山梨糖醇和木糖醇共同构成填充物材料的至少80重量%。基于填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总量可为至少85重量%、至少90重量%或至少95重量%。
填充物材料中山梨糖醇与木糖醇的重量比可为约20:80至约80:20。在一些实施例中,填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约50:50、具体地讲约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。在其它实施例中,填充物材料包括重量比为约60:40至约80:20、具体地讲约70:30至约80:20的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
填充物材料可部分地通过将山梨糖醇和木糖醇的混合物熔化以形成均匀的液体(熔融)混合物来制备。作为另一种选择,山梨糖醇和木糖醇可分别熔化然后组合在一起以形成均匀混合物。虽然可以利用水或另一溶剂来促进液化山梨糖醇/木糖醇混合物,但优选避免使用这种溶剂以便不需要随后进行溶剂去除步骤。此外,大量溶剂的存在可能妨碍填充物材料随后的结晶。在一些实施例中,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水,具体地讲小于或等于4重量%的水。应当理解,在此上下文中,“水”包含所有形式的水,而不仅仅是有意添加到填充物材料的水。例如,包括作为山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇中的杂质而存在的水。由于山梨糖醇和木糖醇在环境条件下的平衡水含量,要维持比几个重量%低得多的水含量可能具有挑战性。在一些实施例中,该方法包括在所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤之前形成填充物材料。在这些实施例中,形成填充物材料包括共混基于填充物材料的总重量约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇与约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
该填充物材料的一个优点是它避免了对于增稠剂的需要。具体地讲,仅需要对填充的挤出本体进行适度和短暂的冷却,就能使填充物材料充分硬化以减少或消除随后的分割步骤中发生泄漏。因此,有可能减少或消除在填充物材料中使用增稠剂。例如,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料可包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂,具体地讲小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂,更具体地讲小于或等于0.01重量%的增稠剂。在一些实施例中,填充物材料不包括增稠剂。要减少或消除的增稠剂包括例如果胶、阿拉伯树胶、金合欢树胶、海藻酸盐、琼胶、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、明胶、结冷胶、半乳甘露聚糖、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶、凝胶多糖、魔芋、脱乙酰壳多糖、葡聚木糖、β葡聚糖、红藻胶、茄替胶(gum ghatti)、罗望子胶(tamarin)、细菌胶、淀粉、纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施例中,在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,填充物材料包括,基于填充物材料的总重量,约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇和约80至约99重量%的液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇。要指出的是,该液体必须包含山梨糖醇和木糖醇两者以得益于与它们的混合物相关的熔点降低。结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇促进或“加晶种于”液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的结晶。当存在结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇时,基于填充物材料的总重量,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的量可为约1至约20重量%。在这个范围内,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的量可为约2至约18重量%,具体地讲约4至约16重量%,更具体地讲约5至约15重量%。当结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括在填充物材料中时,基于填充物材料的总重量,液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的量可为约80至约99重量%。在这个范围内,液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的量可为约82至约98重量%,具体地讲约84至约96重量%,更具体地讲约85至约95重量%。
结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇可为结晶山梨糖醇、结晶木糖醇、共结晶山梨糖醇/木糖醇共混物或前述至少两者的组合。结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的组成的范围可从纯的山梨糖醇到纯的木糖醇,并且涵盖任何重量比的山梨糖醇/木糖醇共混物。在一些实施例中,基于结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的总重量,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括约10至约90重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和约10至约90重量%的结晶木糖醇。在一些实施例中,基于结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的总重量,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括约20至约40重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和约60至约80重量%的结晶木糖醇。在其它实施例中,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括约70至约80重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和约20至约30重量%的结晶木糖醇。如上所指出,结晶山梨糖醇和结晶木糖醇的规定的量可包括共结晶的山梨糖醇和木糖醇所贡献的量。结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的粒度并不重要,只要它比要添加填充物材料的毛细管的直径小即可。在一些实施例中,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的粒度平均直径为约25至约500微米,具体地讲约35至约400微米,更具体地讲约50至约300微米。粒度平均直径可由本领域的技术人员确定。合适的粒度确定技术包括例如筛分、显微分析和动态光散射。在一些实施例中,结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括小于10数量百分比(number percent)、具体地讲小于5数量百分比的直径小于25微米的颗粒和小于10数量百分比、具体地讲小于5数量百分比的直径大于500微米的颗粒。
添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体。在此上下文中,词语“添加”包含泵送填充物材料、挤出填充物材料以及其它迫使填充物材料进入至少一个毛细管中的手段。在添加填充物材料到毛细管的时候,填充物材料包括液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇。液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的成分为任何这样的成分,其加上可选的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的成分,提供约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇的总填充物材料成分,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。在一些实施例中,基于液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总重量,液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇。在一些实施例中,基于液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总重量,液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇包括约20至约40重量%的山梨糖醇和约60至约80重量%的木糖醇。在一些实施例中,基于液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总重量,液体(熔化的)山梨糖醇和木糖醇包括约70至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约30重量%的木糖醇。
除了山梨糖醇和木糖醇之外,填充物材料还可以可选地包括最多20重量%的其它组分。此类额外组分可包括例如除木糖醇和山梨糖醇之外的甜味剂(包括高强度甜味剂)、甜味剂调节剂和增强剂、矫味剂、风味调节剂和增强剂、芳香剂、凉味剂(cooling agent)、暖味剂(warming agent)、麻刺剂、着色料(包括染料和色素)、口气清新剂、口腔护理剂、喉咙护理剂、药剂、口腔湿润剂、水分保持剂、酸化剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂,以及它们的组合。这些额外组分在下文中详细描述。在一些实施例中,基于填充物材料的总重量,这类糖食添加剂以小于或等于10重量%、具体地讲小于或等于5重量%的量使用。在一些实施例中,填充物材料不包括糖食添加剂。在一些实施例中,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括量为0.05至约10重量%、具体地讲约0.1至约5重量%、更具体地讲约0.2至约2重量%、甚至更具体地讲约0.3至约1重量%的一种或多种矫味剂。在一些实施例中,填充物材料由木糖醇、山梨糖醇及可选的一种或多种矫味剂和/或着色剂组成。在一些实施例中,填充物材料由木糖醇和山梨糖醇组成。
该填充物材料的一个优点是,它可以相对于用于制备填充物材料的单独的山梨糖醇和木糖醇组分的特征性高熔点而言低的温度添加到毛细管。该填充物材料添加温度与同时挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料和添加填充物材料到毛细管相容。例如,填充物材料可以约60至约80℃、具体地讲约65至约75℃、更具体地讲约70至约75℃的温度添加到毛细管。咀嚼型胶基糖材料可以约30至约50℃、具体地讲约35至约45℃的温度挤出。
在一些实施例中,胶基糖材料在其挤出温度(例如,其在模头处的温度)下的粘度大于填充物材料在其添加温度(例如,其在模头处的温度)下的粘度。
该填充物材料的另一个优点是它在冷却时快速硬化。如上所指出,仅需要对填充的挤出本体进行适度和短暂的冷却,就能使填充物材料充分硬化以减少或消除随后的分割步骤和任何包装步骤中发生泄漏。例如,填充的挤出本体可在约-10至约10℃的温度下进行空气冷却约60至约300秒。
在形成填充的挤出本体后,可例如通过拉伸进一步将填充的挤出本体变形,或例如通过折叠将填充的挤出本体成形。
咀嚼型胶基糖产品可通过同时挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料和添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管来制备。挤出设备可例如为Davis-Standard单螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为19毫米,螺杆长度直径比为24:1。在一些实施例中,该挤出机具有多个温度区。在一个具体的实施例中,该挤出机具有四个不同的温度区(在图1中标示为T1-T4),每个温度区可使用连接到带式加热器的比例积分微分控制器(proportional integral derivative controller)独立控制。挤出模头连接在挤出机端板上,该挤出模头包含由3个针头组成的夹带阵列(entrainment array)。两个相对的空气喷嘴设置在挤出模头出口的上方和下方,所述空气喷嘴用来快速冷却从模头排出的挤出物;这些喷嘴经由阀门连接至处于7×105牛顿/平方米下的压缩空气管线。图1显示示出了挤出管线的总体布局的示意图,图2显示毛细管模头的示意图。
参照图1,其中显示了在实验中使用的挤出设备10的示意图。该设备包括以旋转方式连接到挤出螺杆14的电动马达12。螺杆14在一端由料斗16进料,而相对端连接到具有挤出物出口20的挤出模头18。骤冷喷嘴22朝向模头出口20以便冷却被挤出的材料23,并且这些喷嘴供应有压缩空气24。如果需要的话,该设备的料斗16连接到螺杆14的区域可借助于(cooling feed)26进行冷却。围绕螺杆14的是筒体28,该筒体具有三个标示为T1至T3的筒体温度区-每个区的温度可独立于其它区进行控制。筒体2进料冷却器8借助于进料导管29连接到模头18,该进料导管具有可被控制的温度区T4。在使用时,料斗16被填充以咀嚼型胶基糖材料30,可对该材料进行加热以将其维持于可流动形式。在咀嚼型胶基糖材料进入螺杆14之前,它可借助于进料冷却器26进行冷却,以便确保该材料处在用于进入该螺杆挤出机的恰当温度下。随着螺杆被旋转,该液体材料于筒体28内部沿着螺杆14被牵引,并且T1-T3区的温度被相应地调整。然后该材料穿过进料导管29,并且在进入模头18之前通过温度控制器T4再次调整温度(如果需要的话)。
参照图2,其中示出与图1的用于制备各种咀嚼型胶基糖产品的设备一起使用的挤出模头组件的示意图。贮存器50保存着填充物材料。将贮存器50进行加热使得填充物材料被维持在恰当温度下以便将其维持在液体状态。贮存器50连接到导管52,该导管具有用于控制液体流动的隔离阀54。导管52被包在伴热管(trace heating tube)56中,该伴热管维持该导管的温度,使得该液体在其在该导管内移动期间保持在液体状态。导管52被连接到模头18的入口,该模头具有多个针头,以使当咀嚼型胶基糖材料正在被挤出时,在围绕所述针头形成的毛细管可被同时填充以填充物材料。
图3更详细地示出模头18。具体地讲,此图示出了金属模头18在一端具有多个接合到空腔62的针头60,所述空腔与用于泵送填充物材料到针头60中的入口通道64成流体连通。在咀嚼型胶基糖材料正在被挤出的同时,填充物材料被通过针头添加(例如泵送或挤出),使得挤出物含有多个填充有填充物材料的毛细管。再次参照图1,在挤出物23从模头18被释放时,该挤出物借助于骤冷喷嘴22被冷却。
咀嚼型胶基糖材料和填充物材料通常以使得挤出的胶基糖材料为咀嚼型胶基糖产品的大部分而填充物材料为咀嚼型胶基糖产品的小部分的比例来使用。例如,基于咀嚼型胶基糖产品的总重量,咀嚼型胶基糖产品可包括约60至约90重量%的咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的填充物材料。在该约60至约90重量%的范围内,咀嚼型胶基糖材料的量可为约70至约85重量%,具体地讲约75至约85重量%。在该约10至约40重量%的范围内,填充物材料的量可为约15至约30重量%,具体地讲约15至约25重量%。
该填充物材料的另一个优点是它在咀嚼型胶基糖产品被消费时提供令人愉悦的酥脆性(crunchiness)。尽管不打算受任何具体操作理论的束缚,但本发明人认为,该酥脆性是由填充物材料在冷却(可在数秒钟完成)和陈化(在数分钟、数小时或数日的时间尺度上)而发生结晶时形成的晶体提供的。要指出的是,填充物材料的结晶可在伴随冷却的初始硬化之后继续进行。在一些实施例中,结晶的填充物材料包括具有至少一个尺寸为至少20微米、具体地讲20至约2000微米、更具体地讲约25至约1000微米、还更具体地讲约25至约250微米、甚至更具体地讲约50至约200微米的晶体。
该方法包含分割填充的挤出本体以形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品。本文所用的术语“分割”包含切割、切片、劈开以及其它将填充的挤出本体分成咀嚼型胶基糖小块的手段。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖小块近似矩形棱柱的形状,长度为约20至约50毫米,宽度为约6至约20毫米,厚度为约2至约8毫米。该方法可以可选地还包括将咀嚼型胶基糖产品进行包装。图4显示矩形棱柱状咀嚼型胶基糖产品200,该产品具有截面呈矩形的挤出本体201。在挤出本体201内有多个(在这个情况中为三个)毛细管202、203和204,所述毛细管填充有填充物材料。在一些实施例中,所述毛细管中的至少两个含有不同的填充物材料。所述填充物材料在它们的组成中的至少一个方面不同,所述组成例如为它们的山梨糖醇量、木糖醇量、颜色或风味。在这种实施例中,不同的填充物材料经由图2中所示类型的不同的挤出模头组件来递送。
在形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法的一个非常具体的实施例中,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇;填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%;添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管包括将填充物材料在约60至约80℃的温度下添加;以及咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60至约90重量%的咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的填充物材料。在一些实施例中,在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,填充物材料包括,基于填充物材料的总重量,约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇和约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
另一个实施例是一种形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法,该方法包括:形成填充物材料,基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇,其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇;挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成挤出的本体部分和设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;添加该填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体;以及分割该填充的挤出本体以形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品。
本发明包含通过该方法的任何上述变型形式(variation)制备的咀嚼型胶基糖产品。
另一个实施例是一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包括:包括咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出的本体部分,以及设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述毛细管中的至少一个包括填充物材料,基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
以上在所述方法的情境中所描述的组成变化(compositional variation)同样适用于咀嚼型胶基糖产品。例如,基于填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇在填充物材料中的总和可为至少85、至少90或至少95重量%。又如,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料可包括小于或等于5重量%的水,具体地讲小于或等于4重量%的水。又如,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料可包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂,具体地讲小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂,更具体地讲小于或等于0.01重量%的增稠剂。或者,填充物材料可不包括增稠剂。又如,填充物材料可包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。又如,基于填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇在填充物材料中的总和可为至少90重量%。又如,基于咀嚼型胶基糖产品的总重量,咀嚼型胶基糖产品可包括量为约60至约90重量%、具体地讲约70至约85重量%、更具体地讲约75至约85重量%的咀嚼型胶基糖材料;并且它可包括量为约10至约40重量%、具体地讲约15至约30重量%、更具体地讲约15至约25重量%的填充物材料。
填充物材料可选地还可包括甘油、丙二醇或它们的组合。除其它功能外,这些化合物可压低填充物材料的熔点。在一些实施例中,仅采用甘油。甘油、丙二醇或它们的组合当存在时,可以基于填充物材料的总重量以约0.5至10重量%、具体地讲约1至约5重量%的量使用。在一些实施例中,填充物材料不包括甘油和丙二醇。
在咀嚼型胶基糖产品的一个非常具体的实施例中,基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;基于填充物材料的总重量,填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇;山梨糖醇和木糖醇在填充物材料中的总和为至少90重量%;并且咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60至约90重量%的咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的填充物材料。
在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括具有第一填充物材料(为以上实施例中描述的“填充物材料”)的第一毛细管和具有与第一填充物材料不同的第二填充物材料的第二毛细管。所述填充物材料在它们的组成中的至少一个方面不同,所述组成例如为它们的山梨糖醇量、木糖醇量、颜色或风味。
对于用来制备咀嚼型胶基糖产品的咀嚼型胶基糖材料没有具体限制。本文所用的术语“胶基糖”、“咀嚼型胶基糖”和“吹泡型胶基糖”可互换使用,意在包括任何胶基糖组合物。咀嚼型胶基糖材料通常含有水不溶性胶基糖基础剂、甜味剂、风味物和多种受到调控以提供特定的释放特性的附加成分。
咀嚼型胶基糖产品可被包覆或不被包覆,并且它可被挤出,并且如果必要的话,分割和/或成形为厚片、条、丸、球等形式。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括透明的包衣以有利于填充的毛细管的可见性。不同形式的咀嚼型胶基糖材料可在成分的类型和量方面有差异。例如,包覆的胶基糖组合物可含有较低百分比的软化剂。丸和球可具有咀嚼型胶基糖芯,该芯已包覆有糖溶液或无糖溶液以产生硬壳。厚片和条通常被配制成在质构上比咀嚼型胶基糖芯更软。在一些情况中,羟基脂肪酸盐或其它表面活性剂活性物可对胶基糖基础剂具有软化作用。为了对表面活性剂活性物可能对胶基糖基础剂具有的任何潜在不合需要的软化作用作出调整,可能有利的是配制具有比通常的质构更坚硬的质构(即,使用的常规软化剂比通常所采用的要少)的厚片或条。
咀嚼型胶基糖材料可包括胶基糖基础剂、增量甜味剂、高强度甜味剂、食用香料、着色剂、感知物(如凉味剂、暖味剂和麻刺剂)以及任何其它可选的添加剂,包括润喉剂、香料、牙齿增白剂、口气清新剂、维生素、矿物质、咖啡因、药物(例如药剂、草药和营养补充剂)、口腔护理产品,以及它们的组合。
通常,咀嚼型胶基糖材料包括水不溶性胶基糖基础剂部分和水溶性主体部分(bulkportion)。胶基糖基础剂根据各种因素可以有很大变化,所述因素例如所需的胶基糖基础剂类型、所需的胶基糖稠度、以及为制备最终的咀嚼型胶基糖产品而在组合物中使用的其它组分。胶基糖基础剂可为本领域已知的任何水不溶性胶基糖基础剂,包含那些为咀嚼型胶基糖和吹泡型胶基糖所采用的胶基糖基础剂。胶基糖基础剂中合适的聚合物的示例性例子包括天然和合成的弹性体和橡胶。例如,天然弹性体和橡胶包括植物来源的物质如烟熏的胶乳或液态的胶乳和银胶菊、天然树胶如节路顿胶(jelutong)、夹竹桃科产胶树胶(lechicapsi)、香豆树胶(perillo)、香豆果胶(sorva)、二齿铁线子胶(massaranduba balata)、巧克力铁线子胶(massaranduba chocolate)、红檀木胶(nispero)、山榄胶(rosidinha)、冠胶(crown gum)、糖胶树胶(chicle)、杜仲胶(gutta percha)、古塔卡太胶(gutta kataiu)、古塔胶(gutta kay)、尼日尔杜仲胶(niger gutta)、卡斯德拉胶(tunu)、赤尔特胶(Chilte)、赤奎巴胶(chiquibul)、古塔行亢胶(gutta hang kang),以及它们的组合。
合成的弹性体包括高分子量弹性体和低分子量弹性体。可用的高分子量弹性体包括丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚异戊二烯、聚异丁烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚乙烯,以及它们的组合。可用的低分子量弹性体包括聚丁烯、聚丁二烯、聚异丁烯,以及它们的组合。合适的胶基糖基础剂还可包括乙烯系聚合物弹性体如聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、聚乙烯、乙烯系共聚物弹性体如乙酸乙烯酯和月桂树乙烯酯的共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯的共聚物、乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚(乙烯醇),以及它们的组合。在一些实施例中,乙烯系聚合物具有约3000至约94000克/摩尔的数均分子量。乙烯系聚合物如聚(乙烯醇)和聚(乙酸乙烯酯)可具有约8000至约65000克/摩尔的数均分子量。此外,前述的高分子量和低分子量、天然和合成的弹性体和橡胶的任何组合也可用作胶基糖基础剂。
所采用的胶基糖基础剂的量可根据各种因素而变化,所述因素例如所使用的胶基糖基础剂类型、消费期间咀嚼型胶基糖产品的期望稠度以及在咀嚼型胶基糖材料中使用的其它组分。一般而言,胶基糖基础剂可以占总咀嚼型胶基糖材料的约5至约94重量%的量存在。在一些实施例中,基于咀嚼型胶基糖材料的总重量,胶基糖基础剂的量为约15至约45重量%,具体地讲约15至约40重量%,更具体地讲约25至约40重量%。
水不溶性胶基糖基础剂部分可进一步含有弹性体增塑剂、质构改性剂、蜡、软化剂、填充剂和其它可选的成分(如着色剂和抗氧化剂)的任何组合。弹性体增塑剂通常也称为树脂、树脂化合物、弹性体溶剂或松香。可包括在胶基糖基础剂中的添加剂包括增塑剂和蜡或软化剂,它们以提供多种合乎所需的质构和稠度性质的有效量使用。由于这些组分的分子量低,质构改性剂能够渗透弹性体,从而使胶基糖基础剂塑性更高而粘性更低。
胶基糖基础剂材料可含有常规的弹性体增塑剂以帮助软化弹性体基料组分,例如萜烯树脂如衍生自α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和/或右旋柠檬烯的聚合物;松香或改性松香和树胶如氢化的、二聚的或聚合的松香的甲酯、甘油酯或季戊四醇酯,以及它们的组合;部分氢化的木松香或脂松香的季戊四醇酯;木松香或脂松香的季戊四醇酯;木松香的甘油酯;部分二聚的木松香或脂松香的甘油酯;聚合的木松香或脂松香的甘油酯;妥尔油松香的甘油酯;木松香或脂松香的甘油酯;部分氢化的木松香或脂松香;木松香或脂松香的部分氢化的甲酯;等等。前述弹性体增塑剂的任何组合可用来软化或调整弹性体基料组分的粘着性。弹性体增塑剂当存在时可以占胶基糖基础剂的约5至约75重量%、具体地讲占胶基糖基础剂的约45至约70重量%的量使用。
合适的软化剂包括羊毛脂、脂肪酸如棕榈酸和油酸和硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、甘油三乙酸酯、甘油卵磷脂(glyceryl lecithin)、甘油单硬脂酸酯、丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、甘油单酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、乙酰化甘油单酯、甘油、卵磷脂、甘油二乙酸酯,以及它们的组合。其它合适的软化剂包括蜡。蜡也可掺入到胶基糖基础剂中以获得各种各样的合乎所需的质构和稠度性质,所述蜡例如天然的和合成的蜡、氢化植物油、石油蜡(如聚氨酯蜡)、聚乙烯蜡、固体石蜡、微晶蜡、脂肪蜡、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、牛脂、可可脂,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料含有质构改性剂。这种质构改性剂包括例如聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、脂肪、丁基橡胶、滑石、硅石,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料含有胶基糖基础剂软化剂。软化剂包括例如羊毛脂、脂肪酸如棕榈酸和油酸和硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、甘油三乙酸酯、甘油卵磷脂(glyceryl lecithin)、甘油单硬脂酸酯、丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、甘油单酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、乙酰化甘油单酯、甘油、卵磷脂、甘油二乙酸酯、蜡,以及它们的组合。在一些实施例中,软化剂以最多占胶基糖基础剂的约30重量%、具体地讲占胶基糖基础剂的约0.2至约20重量%的量存在。
当蜡存在于胶基糖基础剂中时,它软化弹性体并改进胶基糖基础剂的弹性。所采用的蜡可具有约60℃以下、优选地约45至约55℃的熔点。低熔点的蜡可为固体石腊。当存在蜡时,基于胶基糖基础剂的重量,蜡可以约6至约10重量%、具体地讲约7至约9.5重量%的量在胶基糖基础剂中使用。
除了低熔点的蜡之外,基于胶基糖基础剂的总重量,具有较高熔点的蜡可以最多约5重量%的量在胶基糖基础剂中使用。这种高熔点的蜡包括蜂蜡、植物蜡、米糠蜡、小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、大多数石油蜡,以及它们的组合。
所述胶基糖基础剂可包括有效量的增量剂,如矿物辅助剂,所述增量剂可用作填充剂和质构剂(textural agent)。增量剂的例子包括碳酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硅酸铝、滑石、磷酸三钙,以及它们的组合。当使用增量剂时,基于胶基糖基础剂的总重量,增量剂的量可为约15至约40重量%,具体地讲约20至约30重量%。
除了水不溶性胶基糖基础剂部分之外,典型的咀嚼型胶基糖材料包含水溶性主体部分和一种或多种矫味剂。在一些实施例中,未包封的活性成分存在于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的水溶性主体部分中。水溶性部分可包括甜味剂、矫味剂、软化剂、乳化剂、着色剂、酸化剂、填充剂、抗氧化剂以及其它提供所需特性的常规咀嚼型胶基糖添加剂。上文提到的水溶性活性成分中的任何一者也可掺入到咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的水溶性主体部分中。本领域的技术人员已知的这些和其它常规咀嚼型胶基糖添加剂也可掺入到胶基糖基础剂中。
甜味剂可包括糖甜味剂、无糖甜味剂、高强度甜味剂,以及它们的组合。糖甜味剂通常包括糖化物(saccharide)。合适的糖甜味剂包括单糖、二糖和多糖如蔗糖(食糖)、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、木糖、核糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖(左旋糖)、乳糖、转化糖、低聚果糖糖浆、部分水解淀粉、玉米糖浆固体、高果糖玉米糖浆,以及它们的组合。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料是无糖的(即,它不含有蔗糖)。在一些实施例中,填充物材料是无糖的。在一些实施例中,整个咀嚼型胶基糖产品是无糖的。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料包括约45至约75重量%的多元醇,其中至少10重量%具有约100至约1500微米的粒度平均直径。在这些实施例中,除了结晶的填充物材料给咀嚼型胶基糖产品贡献酥脆性之外,咀嚼型胶基糖材料也给咀嚼型胶基糖产品贡献酥脆性。在一些实施例中,基于咀嚼型胶基糖材料的总重量,咀嚼型胶基糖材料包括约10至约50重量%的具有约100至约1500微米的粒度平均直径的益寿糖(isomalt)。
合适的无糖甜味剂包括糖醇(或多元醇)如山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(益寿糖)、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物,以及它们的组合。合适的氢化淀粉水解物包括授予Verwaerde等人的美国专利第4,279,931号中公开的那些,以及含有山梨糖醇、氢化二糖、氢化高级多糖或它们的混合物的各种氢化葡萄糖糖浆和/或粉末。氢化淀粉水解物主要经由对玉米糖浆的受控催化氢化来制备。所得的氢化淀粉水解物是单糖、二糖和多糖的混合物。这些不同糖化物类的比例赋予不同的氢化淀粉水解物不同的性质。氢化淀粉水解物的混合物例如LYCASIN和HYSTAR,前者是法国罗凯特兄弟公司(Roquette Freres)制造的一系列市售产品,后者是美国新泽西州费尔劳恩区(Fair Lawn)的龙沙公司(Lonza,Inc.)制造的一系列市售产品。
本文所用的“高强度甜味剂”指按单位重量计甜味为食糖(蔗糖)的至少100倍的甜味剂。在一些实施例中,高强度甜味剂按单位重量计甜度为食糖的至少500、至少1000或至少5000倍。高强度甜味剂可选自广泛范围的物质,包括水溶性天然和人工甜味剂、水溶性天然和人工甜味剂的衍生物、基于二肽的甜味剂以及基于蛋白质的甜味剂。也可使用任何包括两种或更多种高强度甜味剂的组合。所述高强度甜味剂中的一种或多种还可与前述甜味剂中的一种或多种进行组合。
所述高强度甜味剂可以多种不同的物理形式使用,例如那些本领域已知用来提供甜味的初始突释和/或甜味的延长感觉的形式。这些物理形式包括游离形式(例如喷雾干燥的或粉状的)、珠状形式、包封形式以及前述形式的组合,但不限于此。
代表性高强度甜味剂包括:(1)水溶性的甜味剂,如二氢查尔酮、应乐果甜蛋白(monellin)、甜菊苷类、莱鲍迪苷(rebaudiocide)A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、甘草甜素、二氢核黄素(dihydroflavenol)以及多元醇如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、麦芽糖醇、莫那亭(monatin)以及L-氨基二羧酸氨基链烯酸酯酰胺类,如在授予Zanno等人的美国专利第4,619,834号中公开的那些,或包括前述甜味剂中的至少一种的组合;(2)水溶性人工甜味剂,如糖精、可溶性糖精盐即糖精钠盐或钙盐、环磺酸盐、丁磺氨盐,如3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钠盐、铵盐或钙盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钾盐(丁磺氨钾,Acesulfame-K)、糖精的游离酸形式、或包括前述增甜剂的至少一种的组合;(3)基于二肽的甜味剂,例如源自L-天冬氨酸衍生的甜味剂如L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(天冬甜素(Aspartame))以及Schlatter等人的美国专利第3,492,131号中描述的物质、L-α-天冬氨酰-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基)-D-丙氨酰胺水合物(阿力甜(Alitame))、L-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸以及L-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸的甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸甲酯、L-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢-L-苯丙氨酸、L-α-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢苯丙氨酸甲酯、L-天冬氨酰-L-(1-环己烯)-丙氨酸、N-(N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰)-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(纽甜(Neotame))或它们的组合;(4)天然存在的水溶性甜味剂的衍生物,如甜菊苷的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷A的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷B的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷C的衍生物、普通食糖(蔗糖)的氯化衍生物,例如氯化脱氧糖衍生物,如氯化脱氧蔗糖或氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物(例如以三氯蔗糖(Sucralose)的产品名称为人所知);氯化脱氧蔗糖和氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物的例子包括:1-氯-1'-脱氧蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷、4-氯-4-脱氧半乳蔗糖、4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1-氯-1-脱氧-β-D-果糖-呋喃果糖苷、4,1'-二氯-4,1'-二脱氧半乳蔗糖;1',6'-二氯1',6'-二脱氧蔗糖;1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-半乳糖苷;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-半乳吡喃糖基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1',6'-三氯-4,1',6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-半乳吡喃糖基-6-氯-6-脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,6'-三氯-4,6,6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;6,1',6'-三氯-6,1',6'-三脱氧蔗糖;4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-半乳-吡喃糖基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,1',6'-四氯4,6,1',6'-四脱氧半乳蔗糖;4,6,1',6'-四脱氧蔗糖,或它们的组合;以及(5)基于蛋白质的甜味剂如非洲竹芋甜素(thaumaoccous denielli)、非洲甜果素(thaumatin)、塔林(talin),以及它们的组合。
高强度甜味剂可包封在包封剂如聚(乙酸乙烯酯)中。特别可用的包封的高强度甜味剂包括例如包封的天冬甜素、包封的丁磺氨钾盐,以及它们的组合。
在咀嚼型胶基糖产品中,甜味也可来自风味调节剂或增强剂和/或来自食用香料。风味调节剂可赋予其自身的一种特征,这种特征能补充或抵消另一组分的特征。例如,风味物可通过包括风味调节剂或增强剂如香草、香草醛、乙基麦芽酚、糠醛、丙酸乙酯、内酯,以及它们的组合而被复合为具有额外的甜味特征。根据所用的芳香物的期望强度,风味调节剂可以占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的约0.01至约30重量%、具体地讲约0.2至约3重量%的量使用。
风味增强剂是能强化、补充、修饰或提升原始物质的味道或芳香感知,而又不引入其自身的特征性味道或芳香感知的物质。在一些实施例中,风味增强剂被设计用于强化、补充、修饰或提升风味、甜味、酸味、鲜味(umami)、淳厚味(kokumi)、咸味或它们的组合的感知。风味增强剂可以占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的约0.01至约30重量%、具体地讲约0.2至约3重量%的量使用。
示例性的风味调节剂或增强剂包括甘草酸单铵盐、甘草的甘草酸盐、苦橙(citrusaurantium)、阿拉哒嗪(alapyridaine)、阿拉吡丹(N-(1-羧乙基)-6-(羟甲基)吡啶鎓-3-醇)内盐、奇异果素、仙茅蛋白(curculin)、斯特罗青(strogin)、马槟榔甜蛋白(mabinlin)、匙羹藤酸(gymnemic acid)、洋蓟酸、谷哒嗪(glupyridaine)、吡啶鎓-甜菜碱化合物、纽甜、非洲甜果素、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、塔格糖、海藻糖、麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚、叶甜素、香草提取物、香草油树脂、香草醛、糖用甜菜提取物(乙醇提取物)、甘蔗叶香精(乙醇提取物)、响应G蛋白偶联受体(T2R类和T1R类)的化合物,以及它们的组合。在一些实施例中,使用糖酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸氢钠或包括前述物质中的至少一者的组合。在其它实施例中,包括谷氨酸盐如谷氨酸单钠、谷氨酸单钾、水解植物蛋白、水解动物蛋白、酵母提取物或它们的组合。更多的例子包括腺苷单磷酸(AMP)、谷胱甘肽、以及核苷酸如肌苷单磷酸、肌苷酸二钠、黄苷单磷酸、鸟苷酸单磷酸,以及它们的组合。授予Kuroda等人的美国专利第5,679,397号中还包括赋予淳厚味的风味增强剂组合物的更多例子。
可以使用的食用香料(也被称为调味物、风味物或矫味剂)包括本领域已知的那些人造的和天然的风味物,例如合成的风味油、天然的调味芳香品和/或油、油树脂、源自植株、叶子、花朵、水果的提取物以及包括前述食用香料中的至少一种的组合。代表性的风味物包括油类如留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青的油(水杨酸甲酯)、胡椒薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、茴香油、桉树油、百里香油、雪松叶油、肉豆蔻的油、多香果、鼠尾草的油、肉豆蔻皮、苦杏仁的油、桂皮油、以及柑橘类植物的油-包括柠檬、橙、莱母酸橙、葡萄柚、香草、水果香精-包括苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、草莓、树莓、黑莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、热带水果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、番木瓜果、蜂蜜柠檬,以及它们的组合。具体的食用香料有薄荷类,诸如胡椒薄荷、留兰香、人工香草、肉桂衍生物,以及各种水果风味物。
人造、天然及合成的水果食用香料的例子包括例如椰子、咖啡、巧克力、香草、柠檬、葡萄柚、橙、莱姆酸橙、yazu、酸橘、薄荷醇、甘草、焦糖、蜂蜜、花生、胡桃、腰果、榛子、扁桃仁、菠萝、草莓、树莓、黑莓、热带果、樱桃、肉桂、胡椒薄荷、冬青、留兰香、桉树和薄荷、水果香精(如来自苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、蓝莓、草莓、树莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、杏、梅(ume)、樱桃、树莓、黑莓、热带果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、木瓜等),以及它们的组合。
其它类型的食用香料包括各种醛类和酯类,如乙酸肉桂酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛二乙缩醛、乙酸二氢香芹酯、甲酸丁香酯、对甲基茴香醚(p-methylamisol)、乙醛(苹果)、苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁)、大茴香醛(甘草,大茴香)、肉桂醛(肉桂)、柠檬醛,即α-柠檬醛(柠檬,莱姆酸橙)、橙花醛,即β-柠檬醛(柠檬,莱姆酸橙)、癸醛(橙,柠檬)、乙基香草醛(香草,奶油)、向阳植物,即胡椒醛(香草,奶油)、香草醛(香草,奶油)、α-戊基肉桂醛(香辛的果味风味物)、丁醛(黄油,干酪)、戊醛(黄油,干酪)、香茅醛(改性产物,多种类型)、癸醛(柑橘属水果)、C-8醛(柑橘属水果)、C-9醛(柑橘属水果)、C-12醛(柑橘属水果)、2-乙基丁醛(浆果类水果)、已烯醛即反-2(浆果类水果)、甲基苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁)、藜芦醛(香草)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛即甜瓜醛(甜瓜)、2,6-二甲基辛醛(绿色果品)、2-十二烯醛(柑橘属,中国柑桔),以及它们的组合。
释放特性可被操控的其它可能的风味物包括牛奶风味物、黄油风味物、干酪风味物、奶油风味物、酸奶风味物、香草风味物、茶或咖啡风味物(如绿茶风味物、乌龙茶风味物)、可可风味物、巧克力风味物、薄荷风味物(如胡椒薄荷、留兰香和日本薄荷)、辛辣风味物(如阿魏胶、印度藏茴香(ajowan)、大茴香、当归、茴香、多香果、肉桂、甘菊、芥菜、小豆蔻、莨蒿、孜然芹、丁香、胡椒、芫荽、黄樟、香薄荷、川花椒、紫苏、杜松子、生姜、八角茴香、山葵、百里香、龙蒿、莳萝、辣椒、肉豆蔻、罗勒、牛至、迷迭香、月桂叶和芥末)、酒类风味物(如葡萄酒、威士忌酒、白兰地酒、朗姆酒、杜松子酒和利口酒)、花卉和蔬菜风味物(如洋葱、大蒜、卷心菜、胡萝卜、芹菜、蘑菇、番茄),以及其任何组合。常用的调味物包括薄荷类,如胡椒薄荷、薄荷醇、留兰香、人工香草、肉桂衍生物,以及各种水果风味物,无论是单独使用还是以混合物的形式使用。风味物还可以提供口气清新特性,尤其是薄荷风味物与凉味剂组合使用时。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料还可包括果汁。
矫味剂可以许多不同的物理形式使用。这类物理形式包括液体形式和/或干燥形式。在一些实施例中,矫味剂可以是游离的(未包封的)形式、喷雾干燥形式、冷冻干燥形式、粉末状形式、珠状形式、包封形式、片状、块状,及其混合物。当以喷雾干燥形式使用时,可以使用合适的干燥手段(如对液体进行喷雾干燥)。作为另外一种选择,矫味剂可以被吸收到水溶性材料(如纤维素、淀粉、食糖、麦芽糖糊精、阿拉伯树胶等)上,或它可以被包封。在另外的实施例中,矫味剂可以被吸附到水不溶性材料例如硅石或沸石上。按调味剂的颗粒的最长尺寸计算,矫味剂的粒度可为小于3毫米、小于2毫米或小于1毫米。天然矫味剂可具有约3微米至2毫米、具体地讲约4微米至约1毫米的粒度。根据风味物和芳香物的期望强度,食用香料可以占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的约0.01至约30重量%、具体地讲约0.2至约5重量%的量使用。
本文中使用的风味调节剂、风味增强剂和食用香料的量可随偏好而定,但要服从于诸如最终咀嚼型胶基糖产品的类型、各个风味物以及所需的风味物强度等因素。因此,为了在最终产品中得到所需的结果,食用香料的量可以变化,而这样的变化是在本领域技术人员能力之内,而无需进行过多的实验。
在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖材料含有芳香剂,所述芳香剂包括天然的和合成的调味物,例如天然植物组分、调味芳香品和/或油、精油、香精、提取物、粉末、食品级酸、油树脂、源自植株、叶子、花朵、水果的提取物,以及它们的组合。芳香剂可以呈液体或粉末形式。芳香剂可以占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的约0.01至约30重量%、具体地讲约0.2至约3重量%的量使用。
凉味剂也称为清凉剂(coolant),是在口腔中、鼻腔中或皮肤上提供清凉或清新效果的添加剂。本文所用的基于薄荷基的清凉剂包括薄荷醇和薄荷醇衍生物。薄荷醇(也称为2-(2-丙基)-5-甲基-1-环己醇)可以人造形式获得,或从诸如胡椒薄荷油的来源天然获得。薄荷醇衍生物包括基于薄荷基酯和基于薄荷基甲酰胺的清凉化合物,如薄荷基甲酰胺、琥珀酸单薄荷酯、琥珀酸二薄荷酯、甲基琥珀酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸二薄荷酯、2-吡咯烷酮-5-甲酸薄荷酯、3-甲基马来酸单薄荷酯、乙酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、乳酸二薄荷酯、水杨酸薄荷酯、2-异丙基-5-甲基环己醇、3-L-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、薄荷烷、薄荷酮、薄荷酮缩酮、薄荷酮甘油缩酮、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺(WS-3),或它们的组合。另外的基于薄荷基的清凉剂(具体地为薄荷基甲酰胺)在授予Bardsley等人的美国专利第7,923,577号中有描述。
可以与基于薄荷基的清凉剂组合使用或在缺少基于薄荷基的清凉剂的情况下使用的其它凉味剂包括例如2-巯基-环-癸酮、具有2至6个碳原子的羟基羧酸、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、琥珀酸-α-二甲酯、无环甲酰胺类(如N-2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺)(WS-23)、N-乙基-2,2-二异丙基丁酰胺(ICE 10,000),以及它们的组合。另外的凉味剂包括在Kazimierski等人的美国专利申请公布第US 2011/0070171 A1号和第US 2011/0070329 A1号中描述的1-叔丁基环己烷甲酰胺。
包括主要清凉化合物、次要清凉化合物和可摄取的非极性溶剂的清凉组合物在Furrer等人的美国专利申请公布第US 2011/0091531 A1号中有描述。
暖味剂可以选自许多种已知能给使用者提供温暖感觉信号的化合物。这些化合物提供感知到的温暖感觉,尤其在口腔中,并且常常增强风味物、甜味剂和其它感官组分的感知。可用的温热化合物包括香兰醇正丁醚(TK-1000,由日本东京的高砂香料工业株式会社(Takasago Perfumary Company Limited)供应)、香兰醇甲醚、香兰醇乙醚、香兰醇正丙醚、香兰醇异丙醚、香兰醇异丁醚、香兰醇正戊醚、香兰醇异戊醚、香兰醇正已醚、姜醇、姜烯酚、姜酮酚、姜油酮、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱、乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、苯甲醇、甘油,以及它们的组合。
着色剂(也称着色料或着色物)可以能有效地为糖食材料产生所需的颜色的量使用。合适的着色剂包括颜料,其可以最多占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的重量的约6重量%的量掺入。例如,二氧化钛可以最多占咀嚼型胶基糖材料的重量的约2重量%、具体地讲小于约1重量%的量掺入。合适的着色剂还包括适合于食品、药品和化妆品应用的天然食品色素和染料。
合适的着色剂包括胭脂树橙提取物(E160b)、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素、虾青素、脱水甜菜(甜菜粉)、甜菜根红/甜菜苷(E162)、群青蓝、斑蝥黄(E161g)、隐黄质(E161c)、玉红黄质(E161d)、紫黄质(E161e)、紫杉紫素(E161f)、焦糖(E150(a-d))、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜醛(E160e)、β-胡萝卜素(E160a)、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜醛乙酯(E160f)、毛莨黄素(E161a)、黄体素(E161b)、胭脂虫提取物(E120)、胭脂红(E132)、酸性淡红/偶氮玉红(E122)、叶绿素铜钠(E141)、叶绿素(E140)、烤制的部分脱脂的熟棉籽粉、葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄色提取物、葡萄皮提取物(葡萄花青素)、花青素(E163)、红球藻粉、合成氧化铁、铁氧化物和氢氧化物(E172)、果汁、蔬菜汁、干藻粉、万寿菊(阿兹特克万寿菊)粉和提取物、胡萝卜油、玉米胚乳油、红辣椒、红辣椒油树脂、法夫红酵母、核黄素(E101)、藏红花素、姜黄(E100)、姜黄油树脂、苋菜红(E123)、辣椒红色素/辣椒玉红素(E160c)、番茄红素(E160d)、FD&C蓝1号、FD&C蓝2号、FD&C绿3号、FD&C红3号、FD&C红40号、FD&C黄5号和FD&C黄6号、酒石黄(E102)、喹啉黄(E104)、日落黄(E110)、丽春红(E124)、赤藓红(E127)、专利蓝V(E131)、二氧化钛(E171)、铝(E173)、银(E174)、金(E175)、颜料玉红/利索尔宝红BK(E180)、碳酸钙(E170)、炭黑(E153)、黑PN/亮黑BN(E151)、绿S/酸性亮绿BS(E142)、FD&C铝色淀,以及它们的组合。
示例性的口气清新剂包括柠檬酸锌、乙酸锌、氟化锌、硫酸锌铵、溴化锌、碘化锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌、氟硅酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、酒石酸锌、琥珀酸锌、甲酸锌、铬酸锌、苯酚磺酸锌、连二硫酸锌、硫酸锌、硝酸银、水杨酸锌、甘油磷酸锌、硝酸铜、叶绿素、叶绿素铜、叶绿酸、氢化棉籽油、二氧化氯、β-环糊精、沸石、硅石基材料、碳基材料、酶类如漆酶,以及它们的组合。口气清新剂可包括精油以及各种醛和醇。作为口气清新剂使用的精油可包括留兰香、胡椒薄荷、冬青、黄樟、叶绿素、柠檬醛、香叶醇、小豆蔻、丁香、鼠尾草、香芹酚、桉树、小豆蔻、木兰树皮提取物、牛至、肉桂、柠檬、莱姆酸橙、葡萄柚、橙的油,以及它们的组合。可以使用醛类如肉桂醛和水杨醛。另外,诸如薄荷醇、香芹酮、iso-garrigol以及对丙烯基茴香醚的化学品可以起到口气清新剂的作用。
示例性的口腔湿润剂包括唾液刺激剂如食品级酸和盐,所述食品级酸和盐包括乙酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、磷酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸,任何前述酸的盐类,以及前述酸和盐的任何组合。基于咀嚼型胶基糖材料的总重量,食品级酸及其盐当存在时,其量可为约1至约40重量%。在该约1至约40重量%的范围内,食品级酸的量可为约1至约20重量%,具体地讲约2至约15重量%,更具体地讲约3至约10重量%,甚至更具体地讲约4至约8重量%。
口腔湿润剂可包括与水化合并且可以附着在口腔表面以提供口腔湿润感觉的水性胶体材料。水性胶体物质可包括天然存在的物质,如植物渗出液、种子胶和海藻提取物,或它们可为经化学改性的物质,如纤维素、淀粉或天然树胶衍生物。此外,水性胶体材料可包括果胶、阿拉伯树胶、金合欢树胶、海藻酸盐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、明胶、结冷胶、半乳甘露聚糖、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶、凝胶多糖、魔芋、脱乙酰壳多糖、葡聚木糖、β-葡聚糖、红藻胶、茄替胶(gum ghatti)、罗望子胶(tamarin)和细菌胶。口腔湿润剂可包括改性的天然树胶如海藻酸丙二醇酯、羧甲基洋槐豆胶、低甲氧基果胶,或它们的组合。可包括改性纤维素,如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)及其钠盐、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(MPC),或它们的组合。
类似地,可包括可提供口腔水化(mouth hydration)感觉的水分保持剂。这种水分保持剂可包括甘油、山梨糖醇、聚乙二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇,以及它们的组合。另外,在一些实施例中,脂肪可提供口腔湿润感觉。这样的脂肪可包括中链三甘油酯、植物油、鱼油、矿物油,以及它们的组合。
合适的酸化剂例证性地包括乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、盐酸、乳酸和硝酸以及柠檬酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠或磷酸钾、氧化镁、偏磷酸钾、乙酸钠,以及它们的组合。
示例性的缓冲剂包括碳酸氢钠、磷酸钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钾、锡酸钠、三乙醇胺、柠檬酸、盐酸、柠檬酸钠,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施例中,可提供麻刺感觉。麻刺剂包括金纽扣(jambu)和从诸如金纽扣或山椒素的材料中提取的烷基酰胺。
合适的口腔护理剂包括口气清新剂、牙齿增白剂、抗微生物剂、牙齿矿化剂、龋齿抑制剂、局部麻醉剂、粘液保护剂(mucoprotectant)、渍斑脱除剂、口腔清洁剂、漂白剂、脱敏剂、牙科补充矿质剂、抗菌剂、抗龋剂、渍斑酸缓冲剂、表面活性剂和抗牙石剂,以及它们的组合。这样的成分的例子包括水解剂(包括蛋白水解酶)、摩擦剂(如水合硅石、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠和氧化铝)、其它活性的除渍组分如表面活性剂,包括阴离子表面活性剂如硬脂酸钠、棕榈酸钠、硫酸化油酸丁酯、油酸钠、富马酸的盐、甘油、羟基化卵磷脂、月桂基硫酸钠,以及螯合剂如聚磷酸盐,其典型地作为牙垢控制成分。牙科护理成分还可以包括焦磷酸四钠和三聚磷酸钠、碳酸氢钠、酸式焦磷酸钠、木糖醇、六偏磷酸钠,以及它们的组合。
此外,合适的口腔护理剂包括过氧化物如过氧化脲、过氧化钙、过氧化镁、过氧化钠、过氧化氢和过氧二磷酸,以及它们的组合。在一些实施例中,包括硝酸钾和柠檬酸钾。其它的例子可包括酪蛋白糖巨肽、钙酪蛋白胨-磷酸钙、酪蛋白磷酸肽、酪蛋白磷酸肽-非晶形磷酸钙(CPP-ACP)和非晶形磷酸钙。再另外的例子包括木瓜蛋白酶、磷虾酶(krillase)、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、溶菌酶、葡聚糖酶、变聚糖酶(mutanase)、糖淀粉酶(glycoamylase)、淀粉酶、葡萄糖氧化酶,以及它们的组合。
合适的口腔护理剂包括实现增加的预防疾病作用并使口腔护理成分在美容上更可接受的表面活性剂。用作口腔护理剂的表面活性剂包括赋予组合物清洁及起泡性质的清洁材料。合适的表面活性剂包括例如硬脂酸钠、蓖麻油酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、高级脂肪酸单甘油酯基单硫酸酯的水溶性盐(如氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单硫酸化单甘油酯的钠盐)、高级烷基硫酸盐如月桂基硫酸钠、烷基芳基磺酸盐如十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基乙酸高级烷基酯、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、1,2-二羟基丙烷磺酸盐的高级脂肪酸酯和低级脂肪族氨基羧酸化合物的充分饱和高级脂肪酰胺,如那些在脂肪酸或烷基或酰基中具有12至16个碳的化合物。最后提到的酰胺的例子有N-月桂酰肌氨酸,以及N-月桂酰肌氨酸、N-肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸和N-棕榈酰肌氨酸的钠盐、钾盐和乙醇铵盐。
除了表面活性剂,口腔护理成分可包括抗菌剂如三氯生(triclosan)、氯己定(chlorhexidine)、柠檬酸锌、硝酸银、铜、柠檬烯、氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓,以及它们的组合。
抗龋剂可包括氟化物离子源,如氟化钠、氟化钾、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟化亚锡、氟化亚锡钾、六氟锡酸钠、氯氟化亚锡,以及它们的组合。
抗龋剂的其它的例子包括在授予Reynolds的美国专利第5,227,154号、授予Greenberg的美国专利第5,378,131号和授予Holme等人的美国专利第6,685,916号中。
咽喉护理或咽喉舒缓成分包括镇痛剂、抗组胺剂、麻醉剂、缓和剂、黏液溶解剂、祛痰剂、镇咳药和防腐剂。在一些实施例中,采用包括蜂蜜、蜂胶、芦荟、甘油、薄荷醇,以及它们的组合的咽喉舒缓剂。
药物可作为咀嚼型胶基糖填充物材料的组分被包括在咀嚼型胶基糖产品中。非限制性的例证性的类别和具体例子包括抗组胺剂、减充血剂(拟交感神经药)、止咳剂(咳嗽抑制剂)、祛痰剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、缓和剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、消炎剂、抗酸剂、抗真菌剂、化疗药物、利尿剂、精神药剂、顺势治疗剂、抗胆碱能剂、咽喉舒缓剂、抗呕吐剂、心血管药剂、各种生物碱、轻泻剂、食欲抑制剂、ACE-抑制剂、抗哮喘剂、抗胆固醇血症剂、抗抑郁剂、抗腹泻制剂、抗高血压药、抗脂质剂、痤疮药、氨基酸制剂、抗尿酸血症药、合成代谢制剂、食欲刺激剂、骨代谢调节剂、避孕药、子宫内膜异位控制剂、酶、勃起障碍治疗剂(如柠檬酸西地那非)、致育剂、肠胃药剂、顺势治疗药、激素、运动病治疗剂、肌肉松弛剂、骨质疏松制剂、催产素、副交感神经阻断剂、拟副交感神经剂、前列腺素、呼吸药剂、镇静剂、戒烟辅助剂(如溴隐定或尼古丁)、震颤药剂、尿路药剂、抗溃疡剂、止吐剂、高血糖症药剂和低血糖症药剂、甲状腺制剂和抗甲状腺制剂、子宫弛缓剂(terine relaxant)、红血球生成药、黏液溶解剂、DNA和基因修饰药、以及包括营养剂、微量营养素、维生素和辅酶在内的营养补充剂。除非另外说明,否则还包括所述药物的药学上可接受的盐和前药。这些药物中的一些可以起到多于一种的用途。可以使用前述类型的可选的药物的组合。具有对抗相同的或不同的症状的活性的两种或更多种药物可以被组合在一起使用。
用于治疗咳嗽、感冒或流感症状的药物包括单独或组合的元素、化合物或材料,其已被用于或已被证实可用于改善与咳嗽、感冒或流感通常相关联的至少一种症状。应当理解,“用于治疗咳嗽或感冒或流感症状的药物”包含也可用于治疗由其它来源(例如过敏或不利的环境条件)引起的类似感冒或类似流感的症状的药物。本文所用的感冒、感冒样、流感和流感样症状包括例如咳嗽、鼻炎、鼻充血、上呼吸道感染、过敏性鼻炎、耳炎、鼻窦炎、打喷嚏以及不适、疼痛、发烧以及与感冒、流感、过敏和不利环境条件相关联的全身不适。
用于治疗咳嗽、感冒或流感症状的药物的一般类别的例子包括抗组胺剂、解充血剂(拟交感神经药)、止咳剂(镇咳剂)、抗炎剂、顺势治疗剂、祛痰剂、麻醉剂、缓和剂、镇痛剂、抗胆碱能剂、咽喉舒缓剂、抗菌剂以及抗病毒剂。这些药物中的一些可以起到多于一种的用途。除非另外说明,否则还包括所述药物的药学上可接受的盐和前药。具有对抗感冒或咳嗽的相同或不同的症状的活性的两种或更多种药物可以被组合在一起使用。
示例性的抗组胺剂包括阿扎他定、溴苯海拉明、溴苯那敏、马来酸溴苯那敏、卡比沙明、马来酸卡比沙明、西米替丁、氯苯那敏、马来酸氯苯那敏、右氯苯那敏、苯海拉明、盐酸苯海拉明、多西拉敏、苯茚胺、非尼拉敏、苯托沙敏、美吡拉敏、异丙嗪、曲普利啶、氯雷他定、雷尼替丁、氯环嗪、特非那定、富马酸氯马斯汀、茶苯海明、马来酸吡拉明(prilamine maleate)、盐酸曲吡那敏、柠檬酸曲吡那敏、双羟萘酸羟嗪、盐酸羟嗪、乳酸赛克利嗪、盐酸赛克利嗪、盐酸氯苯甲嗪、阿伐斯汀、盐酸西替利嗪、阿司咪唑、盐酸左卡巴斯汀、西替利嗪(cetirzine),以及它们的组合。
示例性的解充血剂包括诸如以下的的药剂:萘磺酸左丙氧芬、诺斯卡品、喷托维林、卡拉美芬、氯苯达诺、盐酸伪麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、苯海拉明、海罂粟碱、福尔可定、苯佐那酯、麻黄碱、肾上腺素(ephinephrine)、左旋脱氧麻黄碱(levodesoxyephedrine)、羟甲唑啉、萘甲唑啉、六氢脱氧麻黄碱(propylhexedrine)、丁苄唑啉,以及它们的组合。
止咳剂帮助缓解咳嗽。止咳剂的例子包括可待因、双氢可待因、氢可酮和氢吗啡酮、喷托维林、卡拉美芬、重酒石酸二氢可待因酮(hydrocodone bitartrate)、chlorphedianol、诺斯卡品(noscarpine)、右美沙芬,以及它们的组合。
祛痰剂包括愈创甘油醚、八角、血根草、款冬、接骨木花、金印、胶草属草、牛膝草、兜藓、毛蕊花、远志草、金钟柏、百里香、马鞭草、愈创木酚甘油醚、萜品醇、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、溴己新、氨溴索、多米奥醇、3-碘-1,2-丙二醇以及野樱桃、氯化铵、碘化钙、碘化甘油、愈创木酚磺酸钾、碘化钾、柠檬酸钠,以及它们的组合。
麻醉剂包括依托咪酯、氯胺酮、异丙酚以及苯二氮类(benodiazapines)(例如,利眠宁、安定、clorezepate、哈拉西泮、氟西泮、夸西泮、艾司唑仑、三唑仑、阿普唑仑(alprozolm)、咪达唑仑、替马西泮、奥沙西泮、劳拉西泮)、苯佐卡因、达克罗宁、布比卡因、依替卡因、利多卡因、甲哌卡因、promoxine、丙胺卡因、普鲁卡因、丙美卡因(proparcaine)、罗哌卡因、丁卡因,以及它们的组合。其它有用的药剂可包括异戊巴比妥(amobartital)、阿普比妥、仲丁巴比妥、布他比妥甲苯比妥、美索比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥、硫喷妥、聚乙醛(paral)、水合氯醛、乙氯维诺、clutethimide、甲乙哌酮(methprylon)、炔乙蚁胺、甲丙氨酯,以及它们的组合。
镇痛剂包括阿片类药物,如吗啡、mepidine、芬太尼(dentanyl)、舒芬太尼(sufentranil)、阿芬太尼、阿司匹林、水杨酰胺、水杨酸钠、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、atrin、isocome、midrin、axotal、firinal、对乙酰氨基酚和布他比妥制剂(phrenilin)、麦角和麦角衍生物(酒石酸麦角胺和卡啡因合剂(wigraine)、加非葛、ergostat、酒石酸麦角胺(ergomar)、双氢麦角胺)、舒马曲坦,以及它们的组合。
抗胆碱能剂包括后马托品、阿托品、莨菪碱溴化氢、L-莨菪碱、颠茄的L-生物碱、颠茄生物碱的酊剂、后马托品溴化氢、后马托品溴甲烷、甲基东莨菪碱、辛托品、辛托品与苯巴比妥、环奎二苯酯(clindinium)、吡咯糖、hexocyclim、异丙胺、肠宝(mepenzolate)、乙胺太林、羟苄利明、普鲁本辛、曲地铵、双环胺、东莨菪碱、阿托品、双环胺、黄酮哌酯、异丙托铵、奥昔布宁、哌仑西平、噻托溴铵、托特罗定、托吡卡胺、咪噻吩、阿曲库铵、多撒库铵、米库氯铵、泮库溴铵、筒箭毒碱、维库溴铵、氯化琥珀胆碱,以及它们的组合。
缓和剂包括款冬、聚合草、玉米须、偃麦草、亚麻籽、爱尔兰藓、疗肺草、甘草、锦葵、药属葵、毛蕊花、燕麦片、斗篷草、滑榆(slippery elm),以及它们的组合。
抗菌剂包括在氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、青霉素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类以及四环素类的抗生素类别内的那些药剂。具体的示例性抗生素剂包括萘夫西林(naficillin)、苯唑西林、万古霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑、利福平、环丙沙星、广谱青霉素、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、ceftriazoxone、头孢噻肟、氯霉素、克拉维酸(clavunate)、舒巴坦、丙磺舒、强力霉素、壮观霉素、头孢克肟、青霉素G、米诺环素、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂;美洛西林(meziocillin)、哌拉西林、氨曲南、诺氟沙星、甲氧苄啶、头孢他啶、氨苯砜、新霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、阿莫西林、环丙沙星和万古霉素。
抗病毒剂特异性地或一般性地调节病毒的生物活性,所述病毒例如小核糖核酸病毒、流感病毒、疱疹病毒、单纯疱疹、带状疱疹、肠道病毒、水痘病毒和鼻病毒,这些病毒与普通感冒相关联。示例性的抗病毒剂包括阿昔洛韦、三氟尿苷、碘苷(idoxorudine)、膦甲酸、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、双脱氧胞苷、双脱氧肌苷、双嘧达莫、司他夫定、西多福韦、泛昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、地达诺新、扎西他滨、rifimantadine、沙奎那韦、茚地那韦、利托那韦、三氮唑核苷、奈非那韦、阿德福韦、奈韦拉平、地拉韦啶、依法韦仑、阿巴卡韦、金刚烷胺、恩曲他滨、恩替卡韦、替诺福韦、扎那米韦、奥司他韦、ICI 130,685、impulsin、普可那利、喷昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、细胞因子,以及它们的组合。
消炎剂包括水杨酸衍生物(包括阿司匹林)、对氨基苯酚衍生物(包括对乙酰氨基酚)、吲哚和茚乙酸类(包括吲哚美辛、舒林酸和依托度酸(etodalac))、异芳基乙酸类(包括托美丁双氯芬酸和酮咯酸)、芳基丙酸衍生物(包括布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬(fenopren)、酮咯酸(ketorlac)、卡洛芬、噁丙嗪)、邻氨基苯甲酸类(包括甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸)、以及烯醇酸类(包括吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮和oxyphenthatrazone)。
抗酸剂包括西米替丁、雷尼替丁、尼扎替丁、法莫替丁、奥美拉唑、铋抗酸剂、甲硝唑抗酸剂、四环素抗酸剂、克拉霉素抗酸剂、铝、镁的氢氧化物、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钙以及其它碳酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐,以及它们的组合。
抗真菌剂包括例如酮康唑、氟康唑、制霉菌素、伊曲康唑、克霉唑(clomitrazole)、纳他霉素、益康唑、异康唑、奥昔康唑、噻苯咪唑、噻康唑(tiaconazole)、伏立康唑、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、micfungin、两性霉素B,以及它们的组合。
化疗剂包括顺铂(CDDP)、丙卡巴肼、氮芥、环磷酰胺、喜树碱、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安(bisulfan)、亚硝基脲(nitrosurea)、放线菌素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、博来霉素、普卡霉素(plicomycin)、丝裂霉素、依托泊苷(VP16)、它莫昔芬、紫杉酚、反铂(transplatinum)、5-氟尿嘧啶、新长春碱、长春碱和甲氨蝶呤及它们的类似物或衍生物变体,以及它们的组合。
利尿剂包括但不限于乙酰唑胺、双氯非那胺、醋甲唑胺、呋塞米、布美他尼、ethacrynicacid torseimde、阿佐塞米、莫唑胺、吡咯他尼、曲帕胺、苄氟噻嗪、苄噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟甲噻、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、美托拉宗、喹乙宗、阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶、螺内酯(sprionolactone)、坎利酮、坎利酸钾,以及它们的组合。
精神药剂包括氯丙嗪、美索达嗪、硫醚嗪(mellaril)、millazine、廷德尔(tindal)、盐酸氟奋乃静、氟奋乃静、奋乃静、三氟拉嗪、三氟拉嗪片剂(suprazine)、泰尔登、纳文、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇、halperon、克赛平(loxitane)、盐酸吗啉吲酮、哌迷清、维思通、阿普唑仑、利眠宁(chlordiaepoxide)、氯硝西泮(clonezepam)、clorezepate、安定、哈拉西泮、劳拉西泮、奥沙西泮、普拉西泮、丁螺环酮、盐酸阿密替林(elvavil)、安拿芬尼、盐酸多塞平(adapin)、盐酸多塞平(sinequan)、盐酸丙咪嗪、曲米帕明、阿莫沙平、地昔帕明、地昔帕明胶囊(pertofrane)、马普替林、去甲替林、普罗替林、百忧解、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀、左洛复、文拉法辛、安非他酮缓释片剂(welibutrin)、奈法唑酮、曲唑酮、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、咪多吡,以及它们的组合。
食欲抑制剂包括苄非他明、安非拉酮、马吲哚、苯甲曲秦、芬特明、蝴蝶亚(hoodia)、麻黄和咖啡因。另外的食欲抑制剂以下面的商品名市售:Adipex、Adipost、Bontril PDM、Bontril Slow Release、Didrex、Fastin、Ionamin、Mazanor、Melfiat、Obenix、Phendiet、Phendiet-105、Phentercot、Phentride、Plegine、Prelu-2、Pro-Fast、PT 105、Sanorex、Tenuate、Sanorex、Tenuate、Tenuate Dospan、Tepanil Ten-Tab、Teramine、Zantryl,以及它们的组合。
营养剂和微量营养素包括草本剂和植物剂,如芦荟、覆盆子、血根草、金盏花、辣椒、洋甘菊、猫爪草、紫锥花、大蒜、姜、银杏、白毛莨、各种人参、绿茶、金印、瓜拉那、卡瓦根、叶黄素、荨麻、西番莲、迷迭香、锯棕榈、圣约翰草、百里香、缬草,以及它们的组合。还包括矿物补充剂,如钙、铜、碘、铁、镁、锰、钼、磷、锌、硒,以及它们的组合。可以添加的其它营养剂包括果寡糖、葡萄糖胺、葡萄籽提取物、可乐果提取物、瓜拉那、麻黄、菊粉、植物甾醇、植物化学物质、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、异黄酮、卵磷脂、番茄红素、低聚果糖、多酚类、黄酮类、黄烷醇、黄酮醇和车前草,以及减肥剂如吡啶甲酸铬和苯丙醇胺。维生素和辅酶包括水溶性或脂溶性维生素,如硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、吡哆醇、泛酸、生物素、叶酸、黄素、胆碱、肌醇以及对氨基苯甲酸、肉毒碱、维生素C、维生素D及其类似物、维生素A以及类胡萝卜素、视黄酸、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B6、维生素B12,以及它们的组合。可以使用包括前述营养剂中的至少一种的组合。
在咀嚼型胶基糖材料中使用的药物或其酸加成盐的量根据建议或允许的治疗剂量而变。一般来说,存在的药物的量是用于咳嗽、感冒或流感症状的治疗的普通剂量。这种剂量为熟练的从业人员所知。
可以使用的具体的、可选的、额外的药物包括咖啡因、西米替丁、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、奥美拉唑、达克罗宁、尼古丁,以及它们的组合。
抗氧化剂包括天然的和人工的抗氧化剂如β-胡萝卜素、酸化剂例如维生素C、没食子酸丙酯、丁基羟基茴香醚、丁羟甲苯、维生素E、鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酚、迷迭香二酚等,以及它们的组合。
防腐剂包括改进糖食产品的货架期的任何天然的和合成的防腐剂。合适的防腐剂包括丙酸、苯甲酸和山梨酸。
咀嚼型胶基糖产品的挤出的本体部分包括多个毛细管。应当理解,术语“多个”旨在表示两个或更多个。在一些实施例中,多个是三个或更多个,四个或更多个,五个或更多个,六个或更多个,或者七个或更多个。不存在对于与“多个”相关联的数字的特定上限。在一些实施例中,咀嚼型胶基糖产品的多个毛细管是三个毛细管。
设置在咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管可具有任何合适的尺寸,并且可具有规则或不规则的轮廓。最大的横截面尺寸可为约0.1至约5毫米,或约0.2至约4毫米,具体地讲约0.5至约3毫米,更具体地讲约0.7至约1.2毫米。通常,毛细管具有大致圆形的横截面。在一些实施例中,毛细管具有约0.1至约5毫米的直径。在该约0.1至约5毫米的范围内,毛细管可具有约0.2至约4毫米的宽度或直径,具体地讲毛细管可具有约0.5至约3毫米的宽度或直径,更具体地讲毛细管可具有约0.7至约1.2毫米的直径。
在一些实施例中,至少一个毛细管被从挤出的本体部分形成的壁与相邻的毛细管隔开,并且毛细管之间的壁的厚度不超过毛细管的宽度或直径。
毛细管可沿本体部分的基本上整个长度延伸,但在一些实施例中,可沿本体部分的长度延伸约75%、80%、90%或95%(例如,当期望密封本体部分的末端时)。当毛细管沿本体部分的整个长度延伸时,相宜地,毛细管的末端在本体部分的一个或多个末端是可见的。
所有引用的专利、专利申请和其它参考文献全文以引用方式并入本文中。然而,如果本申请中的某个术语与所并入的参考文献中的某个术语相矛盾或相抵触,则本申请中的该术语优先于所并入的参考文献中的该抵触术语。
本文公开的所有范围包括端点在内,并且端点是独立地可互相组合的。本文所公开的每个范围构成了对落入所公开的范围内的任何点或亚范围的公开。
本发明包含至少以下实施例。
实施例1:一种形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法,该方法包括:挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成挤出的本体部分和设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体;以及将该填充的挤出本体分割以形成该咀嚼型胶基糖产品;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇;其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
实施例2:根据实施例1的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,该填充物材料包括,基于该填充物材料的总重量,约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例3:根据实施例2的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,该填充物材料包括,基于该填充物材料的总重量,约5至约15重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约85至约95重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例4:根据实施例2或3的方法,其中基于结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的总重量,该结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括约20至约40重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和约60至约80重量%的结晶木糖醇。
实施例5:根据实施例2-4中任一个实施例的方法,其中基于液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总重量,该液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇包括约20至约40重量%的山梨糖醇和约60至约80重量%的木糖醇。
实施例6:根据实施例2-5中任一个实施例的方法,还包括在所述添加该填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤之前形成该填充物材料;其中所述形成该填充物材料包括共混基于该填充物材料的总重量约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇和约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例7:实施例1-5中任一个实施例的方法,其中所述挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料的步骤与所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤是同时进行的。
实施例8:实施例1-7中任一个实施例的方法,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水。
实施例9:实施例1-8中任一个实施例的方法,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂。
实施例10:实施例1-9中任一个实施例的方法,其中该填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例11:实施例1-10中任一个实施例的方法,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%。
实施例12:实施例1-11中任一个实施例的方法,其中所述挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料的步骤包括在约30至约50℃的温度挤出该咀嚼型胶基糖材料。
实施例13:根据所述实施例1-12的方法,其中所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管包括在约60至约80℃的温度添加该填充物材料。
实施例14:根据实施例1-13中任一个实施例的方法,还包括冷却该咀嚼型胶基糖产品以使该填充物材料硬化的步骤。
实施例15:根据实施例1-14中任一个实施例的方法,还包括使该填充物材料结晶以形成至少一个维度为至少20微米的晶体。
实施例16:根据实施例1-15中任一个实施例的方法,其中该咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60至约90重量%的该咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的该填充物材料。
实施例17:根据实施例1-16中任一个实施例的方法,其中所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤包括添加一填充物材料到第一毛细管和添加一不同的填充物材料到第二毛细管。
实施例18:根据实施例1的方法,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;其中该填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇;其中该填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%;其中该添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管包括在约60至约80℃的温度下添加该填充物材料;并且其中该咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60至约90重量%的该咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的该填充物材料。
实施例19:根据实施例18的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,该填充物材料包括,基于该填充物材料的总重量,约1至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇和约80至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例20:一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其通过根据实施例1-19中任一个实施例的方法制备。
实施例21:一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包括:包括咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出的本体部分;以及设置在该挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述毛细管中的至少一个包括填充物材料,基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括约20至约80重量%的山梨糖醇和约20至约80重量%的木糖醇;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
实施例22:根据实施例21的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水。
实施例23:根据实施例21或22的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂。
实施例24:根据实施例21-23中任一个实施例的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中该填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
实施例25:根据实施例21-24中任一个实施例的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%。
实施例26:根据实施例21-25中任一个实施例的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包括约60至约90重量%的该咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的该填充物材料。
实施例27:根据实施例21的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;其中基于该填充物材料的总重量,该填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;其中该填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇;其中该填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%;并且其中该咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60至约90重量%的该咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10至约40重量%的该填充物材料。
实施例28:根据实施例21-27中任一个实施例的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其包括:包括第一填充物材料的第一毛细管和包括不同于该第一填充物材料的第二填充物材料的第二毛细管。
通过以下非限制性实例对本发明作进一步说明。
制备实例1-11
这些实例说明供在咀嚼型胶基糖产品中使用的填充物材料的制备。这些实例中使用的木糖醇具有约90微米的平均粒度。这些实例中使用的山梨糖醇具有约250微米的平均粒度。通过将包括木糖醇和山梨糖醇的熔体组合物与包括木糖醇和山梨糖醇的晶种组合物进行混合以形成填充物材料,来制备填充物材料。在表1中,“熔体木糖醇(%)”为基于熔体组合物的总重量,熔体组合物中的木糖醇的重量%。“熔体山梨糖醇(%)”为基于熔体组合物的总重量,熔体组合物中的山梨糖醇的重量%。“晶种木糖醇(%)”为基于晶种组合物的总重量,晶种组合物中的木糖醇的重量%。“晶种山梨糖醇(%)”为基于晶种组合物的总重量,晶种组合物中的山梨糖醇的重量%。“熔体(%)”为基于填充物材料的总重量,熔体组合物的重量%。“晶种(%)”为基于填充物材料的总重量,晶种组合物的重量%。“总木糖醇(%)”为基于填充物材料的总重量,总木糖醇(熔体组合物的木糖醇加上晶种组合物的木糖醇)的重量%。“总山梨糖醇(%)”为基于填充物材料的总重量,总山梨糖醇(熔体组合物的山梨糖醇加上晶种组合物的山梨糖醇)的重量%。
通过将木糖醇和山梨糖醇在进行搅拌且铲刮(scraped)的蒸汽夹套釜中于120℃下熔化,来制备熔体组合物。将所得的均匀物料冷却到72℃,然后加入已通过将木糖醇和山梨糖醇进行干混制备的晶种组合物。将所得的填充物材料维持在75℃,直到用于形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品。
表1
表1(续)
制备实例7 | 制备实例8 | 制备实例9 | 制备实例10 | 制备实例11 | |
熔体木糖醇(%) | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 |
熔体山梨糖醇(%) | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
晶种木糖醇(%) | 70.00 | 70.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 |
晶种山梨糖醇(%) | 30.00 | 30.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 |
熔体(%) | 95.00 | 90.00 | 99.00 | 95.00 | 90.00 |
晶种(%) | 5.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
总木糖醇(%) | 70.00 | 70.00 | 69.80 | 69.00 | 68.00 |
总山梨糖醇(%) | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.20 | 31.00 | 32.00 |
实例1-11
这些实例说明咀嚼型胶基糖产品的制备。
咀嚼型胶基糖材料和填充物材料的组成在表2中汇总,其中组分的量以重量份表示。这些实例中使用的麦芽糖醇具有约35微米的平均粒度。表2中标为“益寿糖(%)”的行中的益寿糖具有约40微米的平均粒度。表2中标为“益寿糖F(%)”的行中的益寿糖具有480微米的平均粒度。表2中标为“LYCASIN 75/55(%)”的行中的组分为麦芽糖醇糖浆(即氢化的水解淀粉),基于该麦芽糖醇糖浆的总重量,该麦芽糖醇糖浆含有75重量%的固形物,并且基于该麦芽糖醇糖浆的总固形物,该麦芽糖醇糖浆含有55重量%的麦芽糖醇。表2的与“咀嚼型胶基糖材料”部分相关的各行提供基于该咀嚼型胶基糖材料的总重量的各组分的量,以重量%表示。表2的与“填充物材料”部分相关的各行具有在前面的制备实例中描述的含义。
根据常规的胶基糖混合工序制备咀嚼型胶基糖材料。在一个代表性的胶基糖共混工序中,将混合釜预热到38℃。将除了“益寿糖F”之外的所有多元醇连同着色剂添加到釜中,并将所得的混合物混合30秒钟。然后将胶基糖基础剂和软化剂添加到釜中并加热到85-100℃的温度。胶基糖基础剂和软化剂的混合进行四分钟。将矫味剂和凉味剂进行组合,并在30秒钟的时间里添加到釜中并伴以混合。然后将益寿糖F添加到釜中,进行混合三分钟。将混合物的温度降至低于48℃,然后添加包封的和未包封的高强度甜味剂,进行混合四分钟。
填充物材料用前面的制备实例中描述的工序制备。
表2
表2(续)
为形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品,同时进行咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出和填充物材料的添加,填充物材料在添加到毛细管期间的温度为72-78℃,并且咀嚼型胶基糖材料在挤出期间的温度为约40-45℃。调整咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出速率和填充物材料的泵送速率以提供具有75-85%的咀嚼型胶基糖材料和15-25%的填充物材料的挤出物。填充物材料被沉积在直径约3.5毫米的毛细管中,相邻的毛细管被厚度约1.2毫米的壁隔开。将挤出物在冷却隧道中于2-4℃下进行空气冷却约1.5-2分钟,这导致填充的挤出物被冷却到约20℃。将冷却的挤出物切成尺寸大约35毫米×11毫米×5.5毫米的咀嚼型胶基糖产品(块),然后包装。在冷却隧道中进行的冷却足以避免在切割挤出物期间填充物材料发生泄漏。
实例11
本实例说明在填充物材料中具有调味物的咀嚼型胶基糖产品的制备。
咀嚼型胶基糖材料和填充物材料的组成在表3中汇总。基于包封的天冬甜素的总重量,“包封的天冬甜素”含有30重量%的天冬甜素和70重量%的基于聚(乙酸乙烯酯)的包封剂。基于包封的丁磺氨钾的总重量,“包封的丁磺氨钾”含有30重量%的丁磺氨钾和70重量%的基于聚(乙酸乙烯酯)的包封剂。
咀嚼型胶基糖材料根据前面的实例中描述的一般工序制备。填充物材料按照上面的制备实例所描述来制备,不同的是在添加了晶种组合物之后即刻添加调味物。咀嚼型胶基糖产品根据前面的实例中描述的一般工序制备。
调味物在填充物材料中的存在没有明显的不利影响(例如,它不造成泄漏,也不妨碍硬化或结晶)。
表3
实例11 | |
调味物(%) | 4.50 |
麦芽糖醇(%) | 27.97 |
山梨糖醇(%) | 10.00 |
益寿糖(%) | 10.00 |
益寿糖F(%) | 5.00 |
LYCASIN 75/55(%) | 4.00 |
天冬甜素(%) | 0.24 |
丁磺氨钾(%) | 0.06 |
包封的天冬甜素(%) | 0.68 |
包封的丁磺氨钾(%) | 0.23 |
蓝色染料(%) | 0.03 |
卵磷脂(%) | 0.30 |
胶基糖基础剂(%) | 37.00 |
调味物(%) | 0.45 |
熔体木糖醇(%) | 70.00 |
熔体山梨糖醇(%) | 30.00 |
晶种木糖醇(%) | 70.00 |
晶种山梨糖醇(%) | 30.00 |
熔体(%) | 90.00 |
晶种(%) | 10.00 |
总木糖醇(%) | 69.54 |
总山梨糖醇(%) | 29.80 |
Claims (28)
1.一种形成咀嚼型胶基糖产品的方法,所述方法包括:
挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料以形成挤出的本体部分和设置在所述挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;
添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管以形成填充的挤出本体;以及
分割所述填充的挤出本体以形成所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品,
其中基于所述填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括
约20重量%至约80重量%的山梨糖醇,和
约20重量%至约80重量%的木糖醇;
其中山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,所述填充物材料包括,基于所述填充物材料的总重量,约1重量%至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约80重量%至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,所述填充物材料包括,基于所述填充物材料的总重量,约5重量%至约15重量%的所述结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约85重量%至约95重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中基于结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇的总重量,所述结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇包括约20重量%至约40重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和约60重量%至约80重量%的结晶木糖醇。
5.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的方法,其中基于液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总重量,所述液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇包括约20重量%至约40重量%的山梨糖醇和约60重量%至约80重量%的木糖醇。
6.如权利要求2-5中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括在所述添加所述填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤之前形成所述填充物材料;其中所述形成所述填充物材料包括共混基于所述填充物材料的总重量约1重量%至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇与约80重量%至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
7.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料的步骤与所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤是同时进行的。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的所述山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中基于所述填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%。
12.如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述挤出咀嚼型胶基糖材料的步骤包括在约30℃至约50℃的温度挤出所述咀嚼型胶基糖材料。
13.如权利要求1-12所述的方法,其中所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤包括在约60℃至约80℃的温度添加所述填充物材料。
14.如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括冷却所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品以使所述填充物材料硬化的步骤。
15.如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括使所述填充物材料结晶以形成具有至少一个维度为至少20微米的晶体。
16.如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60重量%至约90重量%的所述咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10重量%至约40重量%的所述填充物材料。
17.如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤包括添加一填充物材料到第一毛细管和添加一不同的填充物材料到第二毛细管。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法,
其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;
其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;
其中所述填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的所述山梨糖醇和木糖醇;
其中所述填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%;
其中所述添加填充物材料到至少一个毛细管的步骤包括在约60℃至约80℃的温度添加所述填充物材料;并且
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60重量%至约90重量%的所述咀嚼型胶基糖材料和约10重量%至约40重量%的所述填充物材料。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中在添加到至少一个毛细管期间,所述填充物材料包括,基于所述填充物材料的总重量,约1重量%至约20重量%的结晶山梨糖醇和/或木糖醇,以及约80重量%至约99重量%的液体山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
20.一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品由权利要求1-19中任一项所述的方法制备。
21.一种咀嚼型胶基糖产品,所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括:
包括咀嚼型胶基糖材料的挤出的本体部分;以及
设置在所述挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述毛细管中的至少一个包括填充物材料,基于所述填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括约20重量%至约80重量%的山梨糖醇,以及约20重量%至约80重量%的木糖醇;
其中基于所述填充物材料的总重量,山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少80重量%。
22.如权利要求21所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水。
23.如权利要求21或22所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于0.1重量%的增稠剂。
24.如权利要求21-23中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中所述填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
25.如权利要求21-24中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,其中基于所述填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%。
26.如权利要求21-25中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60重量%至约90重量%的所述咀嚼型胶基糖材料,以及约10重量%至约40重量%的所述填充物材料。
27.如权利要求21所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,
其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于5重量%的水;
其中基于填充物材料的总重量,所述填充物材料包括小于或等于0.05重量%的增稠剂;
其中所述填充物材料包括重量比为约20:80至约40:60的所述山梨糖醇和木糖醇;
其中所述填充物材料中的山梨糖醇和木糖醇的总和为至少90重量%;并且
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括约60重量%至约90重量%的所述咀嚼型胶基糖材料,以及约10重量%至约40重量%的所述填充物材料。
28.如权利要求21-27中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖产品,所述咀嚼型胶基糖产品包括:包括第一填充物材料的第一毛细管和包括不同于所述第一填充物材料的第二填充物材料的第二毛细管。
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US201261715332P | 2012-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | |
US61/715,332 | 2012-10-18 | ||
PCT/US2013/063788 WO2014062413A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-08 | Chewing gum product and method for the formation thereof |
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CN104754951A true CN104754951A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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CN201380053166.3A Pending CN104754951A (zh) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-08 | 咀嚼型胶基糖产品及其形成方法 |
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EP (1) | EP2908656A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2015532119A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104754951A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015008616A2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2015004440A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2015111102A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014062413A1 (zh) |
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USD686388S1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-07-23 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Confectionary |
JP6446062B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-15 | 2018-12-26 | インターコンチネンタル グレート ブランズ エルエルシー | 複数のテクスチャーのチューインガム及びその製造方法 |
JP6359759B2 (ja) | 2014-06-30 | 2018-07-18 | インターコンチネンタル グレート ブランズ エルエルシー | コーティング中に高い濃度の液体香料を含有した着色コーティングされた食用製品、及びその製造方法 |
CN110234231A (zh) * | 2017-01-27 | 2019-09-13 | Wm.雷格利 Jr.公司 | 口香糖产品和制造方法 |
US20210307353A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2021-10-07 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Process for reducing tempering time for deposited confectionery products |
US11304896B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-04-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Antioxidant infused gum for improving oral health |
Family Cites Families (15)
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US4250196A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-02-10 | Life Savers, Inc. | Center-filled chewing gums |
FR2670398B1 (fr) * | 1990-12-14 | 1995-02-17 | Roquette Freres | Composition pulverulente directement compressible et procede d'obtention. |
US5158789A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1992-10-27 | Ici Americas Inc. | Melt cocrystallized sorbitol/xylitol compositions |
FR2778066B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-07-07 | Roquette Freres | Composition edulcorante et produits alimentaires la contenant |
MX2007002336A (es) * | 2004-08-25 | 2008-03-10 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc | Composicion de goma de mascar con relleno liquido. |
AU2006251543C1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2014-03-13 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Confectionery composition including an elastomeric component, a cooked saccharide component, and a modified release component |
JP4553832B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-28 | 2010-09-29 | 明治製菓株式会社 | チューインガム及びその製造方法 |
AU2007214545B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2011-02-10 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Non-crystallizing syrups containing sorbitol and their use in chewing gum |
WO2007100055A1 (ja) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-07 | Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. | 呈味持続性チューインガムとその製造方法 |
US20080063748A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc. | Center-fill confectionery and chewing gum compositions containing suspended saccharide particles |
GB0817370D0 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2008-10-29 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Chewing gum and methods of production thereof |
GB0817367D0 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2008-10-29 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Confectionery and methods of production thereof |
GB201004899D0 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-05-05 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Confectionery products and methods for the formation thereof |
GB201004890D0 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-05-05 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Confectionery product containing active and/or reactive components and methods of production thereof |
GB201004900D0 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-05-05 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Confectionery product and methods of production thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-10-08 EP EP13777449.3A patent/EP2908656A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-10-08 US US14/434,847 patent/US20150264958A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-08 BR BR112015008616A patent/BR112015008616A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-10-08 WO PCT/US2013/063788 patent/WO2014062413A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-08 CN CN201380053166.3A patent/CN104754951A/zh active Pending
- 2013-10-08 RU RU2015111102A patent/RU2015111102A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-10-08 JP JP2015537727A patent/JP2015532119A/ja active Pending
- 2013-10-08 MX MX2015004440A patent/MX2015004440A/es unknown
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US20150264958A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
JP2015532119A (ja) | 2015-11-09 |
MX2015004440A (es) | 2015-09-25 |
RU2015111102A (ru) | 2016-12-10 |
BR112015008616A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
EP2908656A1 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
WO2014062413A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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