CN103957723A - 多区域糖食及其生产方法 - Google Patents
多区域糖食及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103957723A CN103957723A CN201280057019.9A CN201280057019A CN103957723A CN 103957723 A CN103957723 A CN 103957723A CN 201280057019 A CN201280057019 A CN 201280057019A CN 103957723 A CN103957723 A CN 103957723A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
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Abstract
一种多区域糖制食品包括第一和第二糖食材料。所述多区域糖制食品的本体部分包括被挤出的第一糖食材料,和被设置于被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管。所述多个毛细管包括所述第二糖食材料。所述第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,约1至约15重量百分数的水,和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的慢凝果胶;其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。一种制备所述多区域糖制食品的方法也被描述。
Description
发明背景
生产由不同组分形成的糖食产品,以便增加感官愉悦是合乎期望的。存在许多具有由不同组分形成的多个区域的糖食产品。举例来说,多层糖食产品可以包括不同的糖食组分的多个层,所述多个层以一层在另一层之上的方式堆叠。中心填充糖食组合物也是已知的,所述中心填充糖食组合物包括芯(或中心填充)糖食组分和围绕所述芯组分的壳糖食组分。被包覆的糖食组合物也是已知的,所述被包覆的糖食组合物包括一种糖食组分的包衣,所述包衣在另一种糖食组分之上。通过向消费者提供各种各样的风味和质地,不同组分的存在增加了感官愉悦。
Fornaguera的国际公开No.WO2007/056685A2公开了各种各样的中心填充的糖食产品,所述中心填充的糖食产品包括一种中心填充的糖食料串,所述糖食料串位于另一种糖食组分的本体之内。Vaman等的国际公开No.WO2010/034980A1公开了多区域糖食产品,所述多区域糖食产品包括被挤出的本体部分形式的第一糖食材料和被设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管。在制作包括多个设置于糖食本体中的毛细管的糖食产品时,遇到许多困难。举例来说,形成毛细管材料经常从多区域糖制食品中渗漏出来。有时,形成毛细管糖食材料被卡在挤出设备中。一些形成毛细管糖食材料形成不规则的形状,并且因此对消费者失去吸引力。进一步地,一些形成毛细管糖食材料变成非常硬的晶体,从而对于消费者来说变得不可口。
存在对于提供这样的多区域糖食产品的需求,所述多区域糖食产品包括设置于所述产品本体中的轮廓分明、外观一致的毛细管。在多区域糖食产品的制造过程期间,防止或减少形成毛细管材料从本体的渗漏也是符合期望的。相比于糖食产品的本体,符合期望的多区域糖食产品的形成毛细管材料应当提供区别的口味或质地。进一步期望的是,多区域糖制食品提供凉味感觉。一些凉味剂是涩口的(harsh)和苦味的(bitter),而其他的凉味剂可能与毛细管形成过程不相容。挑战在于获得酥脆质地、甜味和凉味感觉的平衡,而没有苦味或具有降低的苦味。本发明的实施方案解决了该需求、该挑战并提供了合乎期望的多区域糖制食品。
发明简述
一个实施方案是包括被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管的多区域糖制食品,所述被挤出的本体部分包括第一糖食材料,所述多个毛细管包括第二糖食材料,所述第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇、约1至约15重量百分数的水和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的果胶,所述果胶具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度,若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于第二糖食材料的总重量。
另一个实施方案是形成多区域糖制食品的方法,包括挤出第一糖食材料以形成被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;以及挤出第二糖食材料于所述多个毛细管的至少一个中;其中所述第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,约1至约15重量百分数的水,和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的果胶,所述果胶具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度;若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。
再另一个实施方案是糖食组合物,所述糖食组合物包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,约1至约15重量百分数的水,以及约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的果胶,所述果胶具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度;若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述糖食组合物的总重量。
附图简述
现参阅附图,其中相似的要素在数副图中以相似的方式编号:
图1是图示说明用于制备多区域糖制食品的各种实施例的设备的示意图;
图2是图示说明与图1的设备一起使用,用以制备各种多区域糖制食品的挤出模组件的示意图;
图3是用于制备各种多区域糖制食品的微毛细管模的图片。
发明详述
本发明包括至少以下实施方案。
在一些实施方案中,提供多区域糖制食品,所述多区域糖制食品包括被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述被挤出的本体部分包括第一糖食材料,所述多个毛细管包括第二糖食材料。本发明人出乎意料地发现,在制作多区域糖制食品时,向第二糖食材料添加慢凝果胶,会出乎意料地防止或降低第二糖食材料从包括第一糖食材料的本体部分的渗漏。果胶的添加出乎意料地改进了由第二糖食材料形成的毛细管的外观。这些毛细管看起来形成完整,并且毛细管的破裂或断裂减少。出乎意料地发现的是,由于含有果胶的糖食材料大大降低了毛细管模的堵塞,含有果胶的糖食材料更易于形成于毛细管中。进一步地,果胶的添加出乎意料地增强了糖食材料的酥脆质地。
果胶包含半乳糖醛酸(galacturonic acid)残基。半乳糖醛酸残基可以用甲醇酯化。果胶的甲氧基化或甲基化程度(DM)被定义为用甲醇酯化了的羰基基团的百分比。如本文所使用的,术语“高甲氧果胶”指具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度的果胶。术语“慢凝果胶”包括高甲氧果胶。慢凝果胶典型地在小于4的pH且溶液中固体含量50%以上时凝胶。
发明人已经出乎意料地发现,相比于低甲氧(low-methoxy)果胶,高甲氧(high-methoxy)果胶尤其是更加有利的。同样出乎意料地发现,当以第二糖食材料的约0.1至约1.5的量存在时,高甲氧果胶减少先前所描述的与多区域糖制食品的制备相关联的问题。低于约0.1重量百分数的量是不能够向第二糖食材料提供凝胶性质的,而高于约1.5重量百分数的量导致毛细管模的堵塞。
已经出乎意料地发现,慢凝果胶对于解决多区域糖制食品的制备期间所面对的问题是尤其有利的。与慢凝果胶截然相反的是,快凝果胶造成许多操作困难。控制包括快凝果胶的毛细管组分的凝固时间和固化是非常困难的。快凝果胶导致毛细管模堵塞和糖食组分的不均匀凝胶。
在一些实施方案中,提供多区域糖制食品,所述多区域糖制食品包括被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,所述被挤出的本体部分包括第一糖食材料,所述多个毛细管包括第二糖食材料,所述第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇、约1至约15重量百分数的水和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的慢凝果胶,若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。在约1至约15重量百分数的范围之内,所述水可以是约3至约13重量百分数,具体地,所述水可以是约5至约11重量百分数。本文所提及的水量是在最终的多区域糖食产品中的量。在制作多区域糖食产品的过程期间,水量可以更高。
在约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的范围之内,慢凝果胶可以是约0.2至约1.3重量百分数,具体地,慢凝果胶可以是约0.3至约1.1重量百分数。在一些实施方案中,慢凝果胶是具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度的果胶。在约50至约70百分数的范围之内,慢凝果胶的甲氧基化程度可以是约54至约66重量百分数,具体地,约57至约63重量百分数。
多区域糖制食品的第二糖食材料可以由任何合适的糖醇构成。在一些实施方案中,糖醇选自由赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(异麦芽酮糖醇)、山梨糖醇、乳糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物及其组合组成的组。第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇。在约47至约95重量百分数的范围之内,糖醇可以是约75至约91重量百分数,具体地,约79至约87重量百分数。
在一些实施方案中,糖醇包括赤藓糖醇和木糖醇的混合物。本发明人已经出乎意料地发现,赤藓糖醇和木糖醇的混合物提供令人愉悦的凉味感觉而没有苦味。该混合物还向第二糖食材料提供酥脆质地。该混合物可以包括赤藓糖醇比木糖醇的比例为约10:90至约90:10,其中所述比例基于混合物中的糖醇的重量。在约10:90至约90:10的范围之内,赤藓糖醇比木糖醇的重量比可以是约30:70至约70:30,具体地,重量比可以是约40:60至约60:40,更具体地,重量比可以是约45:55至约55:45。
在一些实施方案中,第二糖食材料还包括基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量的约1至约50重量百分数的食品级脂肪或油。在约1至约50重量百分数的范围之内,食品级脂肪或油的量可以是约2至约30重量百分数,具体地,约3至约20重量百分数,更具体地,约4至约10重量百分数。在一些实施方案中,食品级脂肪或油可以是约4至约6重量百分数。
在一些实施方案中,食品级脂肪或油选自由部分或完全氢化的植物油、部分或完全氢化的动物脂肪、甘油酯及其组合组成的组。在一些实施方案中,部分或完全氢化的油或脂肪选自由部分或完全氢化的椰子油、部分或完全氢化的玉米油、部分或完全氢化的棕榈仁油、部分或完全氢化的花生油、部分或完全氢化的大豆油、部分或完全氢化的芝麻油、部分或完全氢化的棉籽油、部分或完全氢化的可可脂、部分或完全氢化的乳脂、部分或完全氢化的牛脂、部分或完全氢化的猪油(lard)及其组合组成的组。在一些实施方案中,食品级脂肪是植物来源的脂肪,如来自马来西亚吉隆坡Premium Vegetable Oils Sdn.Bhd的以商品名N’ICE368在商业上可获得的植物来源的脂肪。
食品级脂肪或油可以具有合适的熔点,以便与制作多区域糖制食品的过程相容。在一些实施方案中,油或脂肪具有约30℃至约80℃的熔点。在约30℃至约80℃的范围之内,熔点可以是在约35℃至约70℃,具体地,约40℃至约65℃的范围内。
具有合适的熔点的合适的食品级脂肪或油,以及脂肪或油的重量百分比可以取决于多区域糖制食品的期望的质地而被选择。食品级脂肪或油的熔点可以影响硬度或松脆感,而脂肪或油的重量百分数可以影响毛细管组分在口中熔化所花费的时间。
在一些实施方案中,第二糖食材料还包括基于食品级脂肪或油的重量的约5至约20重量百分数的量的乳化剂。在约5至约20重量百分数的范围之内,乳化剂的量可以是约7至约15重量百分数,具体地,约8至约13重量百分数,更具体地,约10至约12重量百分数。
合适的乳化剂包括单硬脂酸甘油酯、卵磷脂、脂肪酸单甘油酯、脂肪酸二甘油酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯及其组合。在一些其他实施方案中,乳化剂包括糖酯、脂肪酸聚甘油酯、聚蓖麻酸聚甘油酯(PGPR)、聚山梨醇酯(例如,山梨醇酐聚乙二醇酯)、硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)、单甘油酯或其组合。
多区域糖制食品可以,可选地,还包括食品级酸。第一糖食材料或第二糖食材料可以包括食品级酸。合适的食品级酸包括醋酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、乳酸、磷酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其组合。第一或第二糖食材料也可以包括前述酸的盐。
食品级酸的量,当存在时,可以是基于第二糖食材料的总重量的约1至约20重量百分数。在约1至约20重量百分数的范围之内,食品级酸的量可以是约2至约15重量百分数,具体地,约3至约10重量百分数,更加具体地,约4至约8重量百分数。
多区域糖制食品的第一糖食材料可以是任何合适的糖食组合物。在一些实施方案中,第一糖食材料是硬熬煮糖果组合物。硬熬煮糖果(也被称为硬糖(hard sweets)或熬煮糖(boiled sweets))是通过碳水化合物糖浆的大量脱水获得的固体且基本上无定形的糖食产品。硬熬煮糖果可以是基于食糖的或无糖的。
在一些其他实施方案中,第一糖食材料是耐嚼糖果组合物。耐嚼糖果意指具有可溶组分的那些糖制食品,所述糖制食品允许消费者在持续多于一分钟的咀嚼时间段体验具有弹性的咀嚼质地。耐嚼糖果典型地包括增量甜味料、胶凝剂和脂肪。耐嚼糖果可以可选地包括咀嚼质地改性剂以将所述咀嚼质地改性。
在再其他实施方案中,第一糖食材料是咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。咀嚼型胶基糖典型地包含水不溶的胶基糖基础剂、甜味料、风味物和各种各样的定制以提供特定的释放特性的附加成分。
在一些实施方案中,多区域糖制食品还包括一种或更多种添加剂,如增甜剂、风味调节剂和增强剂、风味料、芳香试剂、冷却剂、暖味剂、着色试剂、口气清新剂、口腔湿润剂、保湿剂、酸化剂、缓冲剂、麻刺剂、口腔护理试剂、咽喉护理试剂、药剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂及其组合。添加剂可以存在于第一糖食材料和/或第二糖食材料中。
除第二糖食材料的糖醇之外,多区域糖制食品的第一和/或第二糖食材料还可以由一种或更多种增甜剂构成。增甜剂可以包括食糖甜味料、无食糖甜味料、高强度甜味料或至少两种前述增甜剂的组合。
食糖甜味料一般包括糖化物。适当的食糖甜味料包括单糖化物、二糖化物和多糖化物,例如,蔗糖(食糖)、右旋糖、麦芽糖、葡聚糖、木糖、核糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖(左旋糖)、乳糖、转化糖、果寡糖糖浆(fructooligosaccharide syrups)、部分氢化的淀粉、玉米糖浆固形物、高果糖玉米糖浆,及其组合。
适当的无食糖甜味料包括糖醇(或多元醇),例如山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(异麦芽酮糖醇)、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物及其组合。适当的氢化淀粉水解物包括在授予Verwaerde等人的美国专利号4,279,931中公开的那些氢化淀粉水解物以及包括山梨糖醇、氢化二糖化物、氢化高级(higher)多聚糖化物或其混合物的各种氢化葡萄糖浆和/或粉末。氢化淀粉水解物主要通过玉米糖浆的受控催化氢化来制备。所得的氢化淀粉水解物是单体的、二聚的和多聚的糖化物的混合物。这些不同的糖化物的比例赋予不同的氢化淀粉水解物不同的性质。氢化淀粉水解物的混合物是商业上可获得的,如LYCASINTM(由法国的Roquette Freres生产的一系列商业上可获得的产品),以及HYSTARTM(由美国新泽西州Fair Lawn的Lonza,Inc.生产的一系列商业上可获得的产品)。
如在本文中使用的,“高强度甜味料”意为具有在每一重量基础上至少为食糖(蔗糖)的甜度100倍的甜度的试剂,具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度500倍的甜度。在一些实施方案中,高强度甜味料在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度1,000倍,更具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度5,000倍。高强度甜味料可以选自于广泛范围的材料,包括水溶性天然和人工甜味料、水溶性天然和人工甜味料的衍生物、基于二肽的甜味料以及基于蛋白质的甜味料。包括两种或更多种高强度甜味料的任意组合也可以被使用。一种或更多种高强度甜味料还可以与一种或更多种上述的甜味料或增甜剂组合。
高强度甜味料可以以各种独特的物理形式被使用(举例来说,本领域公知的那些物理形式)以提供甜味的初始突释(burst)和/或延长的甜味感。不限于此,这样的物理形式包括游离形式(比如,喷雾干燥形式或粉末形式)、珠状形式、被包封的形式,及前述形式的组合。
不限于特定的增甜剂,代表性的类别和例子包括(1)水溶性的增甜剂,比如二氢查尔酮、莫内林(monellin)、甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷(rebaudiocides)A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、甘草甜素、二氢核黄素以及糖醇,比如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、麦芽糖醇、莫那亭以及L-氨基二羧酸氨基链烯酸酯酰胺,例如在授予Zanno等的美国专利号4,619,834中公开的那些,或包括前述增甜剂的至少一个的组合;(2)水溶性人工甜味料,比如糖精、可溶的糖精盐,即钠或钙的糖精盐、环磺酸盐、安赛蜜盐,比如3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钠盐、铵盐或钙盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钾盐(乙酰磺胺酸钾,Acesulfame-K)、糖精的游离酸形式,或包括前述增甜剂的至少一个的组合;(3)基于二肽的甜味料,举例来说,从L-天冬氨酸衍生的甜味料,比如L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯巴甜),以及授予Schlatter的美国专利No.3,492,131中描述的材料、L-α-天冬氨酰-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基)-D-丙氨酰胺水合物(阿力甜)、L-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸以及L-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸的甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸甲酯、L-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢-L-苯丙氨酸、L-α-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢苯丙氨酸甲酯;L-天冬氨酰-L-(1-环己烯)-丙氨酸、N-(N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰)-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(纽甜)或其组合;(4)天然发生的水溶性甜味料的衍生物,例如甜菊苷的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷(rebaudiosides)A的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷B的衍生物、莱鲍迪苷C的衍生物、普通食糖(蔗糖)的氯化衍生物,例如氯化脱氧糖衍生物(如例如以已知的产品名称三氯蔗糖的氯化脱氧蔗糖或氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物);氯化脱氧蔗糖和氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物的实施例包括:1-氯-1'-脱氧蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷,4-氯-4-脱氧半乳蔗糖,4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1-氯-1-脱氧-β-D-果糖-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1'-二氯-4,1'-二脱氧半乳蔗糖;1',6'-二氯1',6'-二脱氧蔗糖;1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-半乳糖苷;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1',6'-三氯-4,1',6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-6-氯-6-脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,1',6'-四氯4,6,1',6'-四脱氧半乳糖-蔗糖;4,6,1',6'-四脱氧蔗糖,或其组合;(5)基于蛋白质的甜味料,例如非洲竹芋甜素(thaumaoccous denielli)、索马甜、塔林(talin)及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,甜味料包括山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾盐及其组合。
在多区域糖食产品中,甜味还可以来自风味调节剂或增强剂和/或来自风味料。风味调节剂可以赋予所述风味调节剂自身与另一组分的特征互补或抵消的特征。举例来说,风味物可以通过包括风味调节剂或增强剂,比如香草、香草醛、乙基麦芽酚、糠醛(furfural)、丙酸乙酯、内酯及其组合而被复合为具有附加的甜味特征。取决于所用的芳香的期望强度,风味调节剂可以以第一和/或第二糖食材料的约0.01至约30重量百分数的量被使用。优选地,风味调节剂的含量在第一和/或第二糖食材料的约0.2至约3重量百分数的范围内。
风味增强剂是强化、补充、修饰或增进原始材料的口味或芳香感受而不引入所述风味增强剂自身的特征性口味或芳香感受的材料。在一些实施方案中,风味增强剂被设计来强化、补充、修饰或增进风味、甜味、酸味、鲜味(umami)、淳厚味(kokumi)、咸味或其组合的感受。取决于所用的芳香的期望强度,风味增强剂可以以第一和/或第二糖食组合物的约0.01至约30重量百分数的量被使用。优选地,风味增强剂的含量在第一和/或第二糖食组合物的约0.2至约3重量百分数的范围内。
示例的风味调节剂或增强剂包括甘草酸单铵盐、甘草的甘草酸盐、枳实提取物、alapyridaine、alapyridaine(N-(1-羧乙基)-6-(羟甲基)吡啶鎓-3-醇)内盐、奇果蛋白、仙茅蛋白、strogin、马槟榔甜蛋白、匙羹藤酸、洋蓟酸、glupyridaine、吡啶鎓-甜菜碱化合物、纽甜、索马甜、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、塔格糖、海藻糖、麦芽醇、乙基麦芽醇、叶甘素(phyllodulcin)、香草提取物、香荚兰油树脂、香草醛、甜菜提取物(醇提取物)、甘蔗叶香精(醇提取物)、响应G-蛋白耦合受体(T2Rs和T1Rs)的化合物及其组合。在一些实施方案中,糖酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、酸式硫酸钠或包括前述物质的至少一种的组合被使用。在其他的实施方案中,谷氨酸盐(比如谷氨酸单钠盐和谷氨酸单钾盐)、水解植物蛋白、水解动物蛋白、酵母提取物及其组合被包括。更多例子包括腺苷一磷酸(AMP)、谷胱甘肽、以及核苷酸(比如肌苷单磷酸、肌苷酸二钠、黄苷单磷酸、鸟苷单磷酸)及其组合。赋予淳厚味的风味增强剂组合物的更多例子也被包括在授予Kuroda等人的美国专利号5,679,397中。
可以被使用的风味料(也被称为调味物、风味物或调味试剂)包括本领域已知的那些人造的和天然的风味物,例如合成的风味油、天然的调味芳香试剂和/或调味油、得自植物、叶、花、果等的树脂油和提取物,以及包括前述风味料的至少一种的组合。非限制性的代表性风味物包括油,如留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青油(水杨酸甲酯)、椒样薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、茴香油、桉树油、百里香油、雪松叶油、肉豆蔻的油、多香果、鼠尾草的油、肉豆蔻、苦扁桃仁的油、桂皮油、以及包括柠檬、橙、酸橙、葡萄柚的柑橘油,香草,包括苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、草莓、覆盆子、黑莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、热带果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、木瓜、甜心柠檬等的水果香精,及其组合。具体的风味料是薄荷,如椒样薄荷、留兰香、人工香草、肉桂衍生物,以及各种水果风味物。
人造、天然及合成的水果风味料的实例包括椰子、咖啡、巧克力、香草、柠檬、葡萄柚、橙、酸橙、yazu、酸橘、薄荷醇、甘草、焦糖、蜂蜜、花生、胡桃、腰果、榛子、扁桃仁、菠萝、草莓、树莓、黑莓、热带果、樱桃、肉桂、椒样薄荷、冬青、留兰香、桉树和薄荷、水果香精(如来自苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、蓝莓、草莓、树莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、杏、梅(ume)、樱桃、黑莓、热带果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、木瓜等),及其组合。
其他类型的风味料包括各种醛类和酯类,如乙酸肉桂酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛二乙缩醛、乙酸二氢香芹酯、甲酸丁子香酚酯、对-甲基茴香醚(p-methylamisol)、乙醛(苹果);苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁);茴香醛(甘草,茴香);肉桂醛(肉桂);柠檬醛,即α-柠檬醛(柠檬,酸橙);橙花醛,即β-柠檬醛(柠檬,酸橙);癸醛(橙,柠檬);乙基香草醛(香草,奶油);向阳植物,即胡椒醛(香草,奶油);香草醛(香草,奶油);α-戊基肉桂醛(香辛的果味风味物);丁醛(黄油,干酪);戊醛(黄油,干酪);香茅醛(改性产物,多种类型);癸醛(柑橘属水果);C-8醛(柑橘属水果);C-9醛(柑橘属水果);C-12醛(柑橘属水果);2-乙基丁醛(浆果类水果);已烯醛,即反-2(浆果类水果);甲基苯甲醛(樱桃,扁桃仁);藜芦醛(香草);2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛,即甜瓜醛(甜瓜);2,6-二甲基辛醛(绿色果品);2-十二烯醛(柑橘属,橘子)及其组合。
其他能够操控其释放特性的潜在风味物包括牛奶风味物、黄油风味物、干酪风味物、奶油风味物、酸奶风味物、香草风味物、茶或咖啡风味物(如绿茶风味物、乌龙茶风味物)、可可风味物、巧克力风味物、薄荷风味物(如椒样薄荷风味物、留兰香风味物与日本薄荷风味物)、辛辣风味物(如阿魏风味物、印度藏茴香(ajowan)风味物、大茴香风味物、当归风味物、茴香风味物、多香果风味物、肉桂风味物、甘菊风味物、芥末风味物、小豆蔻风味物、香菜风味物、孜然风味物、丁香风味物、胡椒风味物、芫荽风味物、黄樟风味物、香薄荷风味物、花椒风味物、紫苏风味物、杜松子风味物、生姜风味物、八角风味物、辣根风味物、百里香风味物、龙蒿风味物、莳萝风味物、辣椒风味物、肉豆蔻风味物、罗勒风味物、牛至菜风味物、迷迭香风味物、月桂叶风味物和山葵风味物)、酒类风味物(例如果酒味物、威士忌风味物、白兰地风味物、朗姆酒风味物、杜松子酒风味物和利口酒风味物)、花卉和蔬菜风味物(如洋葱风味物、大蒜风味物、卷心菜风味物、胡萝卜风味物、芹菜风味物、蘑菇风味物、番茄风味物及其任意组合)。常用的调味物包括薄荷类,如以单独或混合物的形式采用的椒样薄荷、薄荷醇、留兰香、人工香草、肉桂衍生物和各种水果风味物。风味物还可以提供口气清新性质,尤其是薄荷风味物与凉味剂组合使用时。在一些实施方案中,所述第一和/或第二糖食材料还可以包括果汁。
调味试剂可以以许多独特的物理形式被使用。这样的物理形式包括液体和/或干燥形式。在一些实施方案中,调味试剂可以是游离(未被包封的)形式,喷雾干燥形式、冻干形式、粉末状形式、珠状的形式、被包封的形式、片状、块状,及其混合物。当采用喷雾干燥形式时,可以使用适合的干燥手段(如喷雾干燥液体)。可替换地,调味试剂可以被吸收到水溶性材料(例如纤维素、淀粉、食糖、麦芽糖糊精、阿拉伯树胶等)上,或者可以被包封。在再其他的实施方案中,调味试剂可以被吸收到硅石、沸石等等上。调味试剂的粒径可以小于3毫米,小于2毫米或优选地小于1毫米,所述粒径按照颗粒的最长尺寸计算。天然调味试剂可以具有约3微米至2毫米,具体地,约4微米至约1毫米的粒径。取决于所用的芳香的期望强度,可以以第一糖食材料和/或第二糖食材料的约0.01至约30重量百分数的量使用风味料。优选地,风味料的含量在第一糖食材料和/或第二糖食材料的约0.2至约3重量百分数的范围内。
本文中使用的风味调节剂、风味增强剂和风味料的量可以是服从于如最终多区域糖制食品的种类、单个的风味物以及期望的风味强度这样的因素的优选的问题。因此,为了在最终产品中得到期望的结果,风味料的量可以变化,而这样的变化是在本领域技术人员能力之内,无需过量实验。
在一些实施方案中,多区域糖制食品的第一和/或第二糖食材料含有芳香试剂,所述芳香试剂包括天然的和合成的调味物,例如天然植物组分、调味芳香品和/或油、精油、香精、提取物、粉末、食品级酸、油树脂、源自植物、叶、花、果实等等的提取物,及其组合。芳香试剂可以是液体或粉末形式的。取决于所使用的芳香物的期望的强度,可以以第一和/或第二糖食材料的约0.01至约30重量百分数的量来使用芳香试剂。优选地,芳香试剂的含量在第一和/或第二糖食材料的约0.2至约3重量百分数的范围内。
凉味剂(也被称为冷却剂(coolant))是在口腔中、鼻腔中或皮肤上提供清凉或清新效果的添加剂。如本文所使用的,基于薄荷基的冷却剂包括薄荷醇和薄荷醇衍生物。薄荷醇(也被称为2-(2-丙基)-5-甲基-1-环己醇)是以人造形式或以来自如椒样薄荷油的来源的天然形式可获得的。薄荷醇衍生物包括基于薄荷基酯和基于薄荷基甲酰胺的凉味化合物,如薄荷基甲酰胺、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷甲酰胺、单薄荷基琥珀酸酯、甲基琥珀酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸单薄荷酯、2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸薄荷酯、3-甲基马来酸单薄荷酯、醋酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、水杨酸薄荷酯、2-异丙基-5-甲基环己醇(2-isopropanyl-5-methylcyclohexanol)、3-L-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、薄荷烷、薄荷酮、薄荷酮缩酮(menthone ketals)、薄荷酮甘油缩酮(menthone glycerol ketals)、薄荷基戊二酸酯、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷-3-羧酰胺(WS-3)或其组合。额外的基于薄荷基的冷却剂(具体地为薄荷基甲酰胺)在授予Bardsley等的美国专利号7,923,577中被描述。
举例来说,可以与基于薄荷基的冷却剂组合使用或在缺少基于薄荷基的冷却剂的情况下使用的其他凉味剂包括2-巯基-环-癸酮、具有2至6个碳原子的羟基羧酸、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、α-二甲基琥珀酸、乳酸甲酯、无环甲酰胺类(如N-2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺)及其组合。额外的凉味剂包括在Kazimierski等的美国专利申请公开号US2011/0070171A1和US2011/0070329A1中描述的1-叔丁基环己烷甲酰胺(1-tert-butylcyclohexanecarboxamides)。
包括主要凉味化合物、次要凉味化合物和可摄取的非极性溶剂的凉味组合物在Furrer等的美国专利申请公开号US2011/0091531A1中被描述。
暖味剂可以选自广泛种类的已知用来向使用者提供温热的感觉信号的化合物。这些化合物给予感受到的温暖的感觉(特别是在口腔中),并且常常增进风味物、甜味料和其他器官感觉组分的感受。包括在有用的暖味化合物中的为香兰醇正丁醚(TK-1000,由日本东京Takasago Perfumary Company Limited供应)、香兰醇甲醚、香兰醇乙醚、香兰醇正丙醚、香兰醇异丙醚、香兰醇异丁醚、香兰醇正戊醚、香兰醇异戊醚、香兰醇正已醚、姜醇、姜烯酚、姜酮酚、姜油酮、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱、乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、苯甲醇、甘油及其组合。
可以以有效产生食品的期望的颜色的量使用着色试剂(也称为着色剂或着色物)。适合的着色试剂包括颜料,所述颜料可以以第一和/或第二糖食材料的高至约6重量百分比的量被并入。举例来说,二氧化钛可以以咀嚼型胶基糖组合物重量的高至约2重量百分比,且具体地小于约1重量百分比的量被并入。适合的着色剂也包括天然食品色素和适合用于食品、药物和化妆品应用的染料。
适合的色素包括胭脂树橙提取物(E160b)、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素、虾青素(astaxanthin)、脱水甜菜(甜菜粉)、甜菜红/甜菜苷(E162)、群青蓝、斑蝥黄(E161g)、隐黄质(E161c)、玉红黄质(E161d)、紫黄质(violanxanthin,E161e)、紫杉紫素(E161f)、焦糖(E150(a-d))、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜醛(E160e)、β-胡萝卜素(E160a)、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜素醛乙酯(E160f)、毛莨黄素(E161a)、黄体素(E161b)、胭脂虫提取物(E120);胭脂红(E132)、酸性淡红/偶氮玉红(E122)、叶绿素铜钠(E141)、叶绿素(E140)、烤制的部分脱脂的熟棉籽粉、葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄色提取物(grape color extract)、葡萄果皮提取物(葡萄花青素)、花青素(E163)、血色球菌藻粉、合成铁氧化物、铁氧化物和氢氧化物(E172)、果汁、蔬菜汁、干藻粉、万寿菊(阿兹特克万寿菊)粉和提取物、胡萝卜油、玉米胚乳油、红辣椒、红辣椒油树脂、法夫红酵母、核黄素(E101)、藏红花素、二氧化钛、姜黄(E100)、姜黄油树脂(turmericoleoresin)、苋菜红(E123)、辣椒红色素/辣椒玉红素(E160c)、番茄红素(E160d)、FD&C蓝1号、FD&C蓝2号、FD&C绿3号、FD&C红3号、FD&C红40号、FD&C黄5号和FD&C黄6号、酒石黄(E102)、喹啉黄(E104)、日落黄(E110)、丽春红(E124)、赤藓红(E127)、专利蓝V(E131)、二氧化钛(E171)、铝(E173)、银(E174)、金(E175)、颜料玉红/利索尔宝红BK(E180)、碳酸钙(E170)、炭黑(E153)、黑PN/亮黑BN(E151)、绿S/酸煌绿BS(E142)、FD&C铝色淀及其组合。
示例的口气清新剂包括柠檬酸锌、醋酸锌、氟化锌、硫酸锌铵、溴化锌、碘化锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌、氟硅酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、酒石酸锌、琥珀酸锌、甲酸锌、铬酸锌、苯酚磺酸锌、连二硫酸锌、硫酸锌、硝酸银、水杨酸锌、甘油磷酸锌、硝酸铜、叶绿素、叶绿素铜、叶绿酸、氢化棉籽油、二氧化氯、β-环糊精、沸石、硅基材料、碳基材料、例如漆酶的酶,及其组合。口气清新剂可以包括精油以及各种醛和醇。作为口气清新剂使用的精油可以包括留兰香、椒样薄荷、冬青、黄樟、叶绿素、柠檬醛、香叶醇、小豆蔻、丁香、鼠尾草、香芹酚、桉树、小豆蔻、厚朴提取物、马郁兰、肉桂、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄柚、橙或及其组合的油。可以比如肉桂醛和水杨醛的醛被使用。另外,例如薄荷醇、香芹酮、iso-garrigol以及茴香脑的化学物质可以起口气清新剂的作用。
示例的口腔湿润剂包括唾液刺激剂,比如包括醋酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、磷酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸,以及前述酸的盐的酸和盐。口腔湿润剂可以包括与水化合并且可以附着在口腔表面以提供口腔湿润感觉的水状胶体材料。水状胶体材料可以包括天然存在的材料,例如植物分泌液、种籽胶和海藻提取物,或者水状胶体材料可以是化学改性的材料,比如纤维素、淀粉或天然树胶衍生物。此外,水状胶体材料可以包括果胶(除了在第二糖食材料中使用的果胶)、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸盐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、洋槐豆胶、明胶、结冷胶(gellan gum)、半乳甘露聚糖、黄芪胶、刺梧桐树胶、可得然胶(curdlan)、魔芋胶、壳聚糖、木葡聚糖、β-葡聚糖、帚叉藻胶(furcellaran)、印度树胶(gum ghatti)、围涎树胶(tamarin)和细菌胶。口腔湿润剂可以包括改性的天然树胶比如海藻酸丙二醇酯、羧甲基洋槐豆胶、低甲氧基果胶或其组合。改性纤维素可以被包括,比如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(MPC)或其组合。
相似地,可以包括能够提供生津(mouth hydration)感受的保湿剂。这样的保湿剂可以包括甘油、山梨糖醇、聚乙二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇及其组合。另外,在一些实施方案中,脂肪能够提供口腔湿润的感受。这样的脂肪可以包括中链的甘油三酯、植物油、鱼油、矿物油及其组合。
适合的酸化剂说明性地包括乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、盐酸、乳酸和硝酸以及柠檬酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠或磷酸钾、氧化镁、偏磷酸钾、醋酸钠及其组合。
示例的缓冲剂包括碳酸氢钠、磷酸钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钾、锡酸钠、三乙醇胺、柠檬酸、盐酸、柠檬酸钠及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,可以提供麻刺感觉。麻刺剂包括金纽扣(jambu)和从例如金纽扣或山椒素的材料中提取的烷酰胺。
适合的口腔护理剂包括口气清新剂、牙齿增白剂、抗微生物剂、牙齿矿化剂、龋齿抑制剂、局部麻醉剂、粘液保护剂、渍斑脱除剂、口腔清洁剂、漂白剂、脱敏剂、牙科再矿化剂、抗菌剂、抗龋剂、渍斑酸缓冲剂、表面活性剂、抗牙石剂及其组合。这样的成分的实施例包括水解剂(包括蛋白水解酶)、摩擦剂(如水合硅石、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠和氧化铝)、其他活性的除渍组分例如表面活性试剂,包括阴离子表面活性剂,如硬脂酸钠、棕榈酸钠、硫酸化油酸丁酯、油酸钠、富马酸的盐、甘油、羟基化卵磷脂、月桂基硫酸钠,以及螯合剂,如聚磷酸盐,其典型地作为牙垢控制成分。牙科护理成分还可以包括焦磷酸四钠和三聚磷酸钠、碳酸氢钠、酸式焦磷酸钠、木糖醇、六偏磷酸钠,及其组合物。
此外,适当的口腔护理剂包括过氧化物,例如过氧化脲、过氧化钙、过氧化镁、过氧化钠、过氧化氢和过氧二磷酸及其组合。在一些实施方案中,包括硝酸钾和柠檬酸钾。其他的实施例可以包括酪蛋白糖巨肽、钙酪蛋白胨-磷酸钙、酪蛋白磷酸肽、酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙(CPP-ACP)和无定形磷酸钙。再另外的实施例包括木瓜蛋白酶、磷虾酶(krillase)、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、溶菌酶、葡聚糖酶、变构酶、糖化酶、淀粉酶、葡萄糖氧化酶,及其组合。
适当的口腔护理剂包括达到增加的预防疾病作用并使口腔护理成分在化妆品上更可接受的表面活性剂。用作口腔护理剂的表面活性剂包括赋予组合物清洁及起泡性质的清洁材料。适当的表面活性剂包括硬脂酸钠、蓖麻油酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、较高级脂肪酸单甘油酯基单硫酸酯的水溶性盐(例如单硫酸化氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单甘油酯的钠盐),较高级烷基硫酸盐例如月桂基硫酸钠,烷基芳基磺酸盐例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠,磺基乙酸较高级烷基酯、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、1,2-二羟基丙烷磺酸盐的较高级脂肪酸酯和充分饱和的较低级脂肪族氨基羧酸的较高级脂肪酰胺化合物,例如那些在脂肪酸、烷基或酰基等中具有12到16个碳原子的化合物。最后提到的酰胺的实施例是N-月桂酰肌氨酸,以及N-月桂酰、N-肉豆蔻酰和N-棕榈酰肌氨酸的钠、钾和乙醇胺盐。
除了表面活性剂,口腔护理成分可包括抗菌试剂,例如,三氯生、氯己定、柠檬酸锌、硝酸银、铜、柠檬烯和西吡氯铵及其组合。
抗龋剂可以包括氟化物离子,例如氟化钠、氟化钾、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟化亚锡、氟化亚锡钾、六氟锡酸钠、氯氟化亚锡及其组合。
抗龋剂的进一步的实施例被包括在授予Reynolds的美国专利号5,227,154,授予Greenberg的美国专利号5,378,131和授予Holme等的美国专利号6,685,916中。
咽喉护理或咽喉舒缓成分包括镇痛剂、抗组胺剂、麻醉剂、缓和剂、粘液溶解剂、祛痰剂、止咳药和防腐剂。在一些实施方案中,包括蜂蜜、蜂胶、芦荟、甘油、薄荷醇及其组合的咽喉舒缓剂被采用。
药物可以被包括在多区域糖制食品中,作为第一或第二糖食材料的组分。非限制性说明性类别和具体实例包括抗组胺剂、解充血剂(拟交感神经药)、止咳剂(咳嗽抑制剂)、祛痰剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、缓和剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、消炎剂、抗酸剂、抗真菌剂、化疗药物、利尿剂、精神药剂、顺势治疗剂、抗胆碱剂、咽喉舒缓剂、抗呕吐剂、心血管药剂、各种生物碱、轻泻剂、食欲抑制剂、ACE-抑制剂、抗哮喘剂、抗高胆固醇血症剂(anti-cholesterolemics)、抗抑郁剂、抗腹泻制剂、抗高血压药、抗脂质剂、痤疮药、氨基酸制剂、抗高尿酸血症药(anti-uricemic drug)、合成代谢制剂、食欲刺激剂、骨代谢调节剂、避孕药、子宫内膜异位控制剂(endometriosis management agent)、酶、勃起障碍治疗剂(如柠檬酸西地那非)、致育剂、肠胃药剂、顺势治疗药、激素、运动病治疗剂、肌肉松弛剂、骨质疏松制剂、催产素、副交感神经阻断剂、拟副交感神经剂、前列腺素、呼吸药剂、镇静剂、戒烟辅助剂(如溴隐定或尼古丁)、震颤药剂、尿路药剂、抗溃疡剂、止吐剂、高和低血糖症药剂、甲状腺和抗甲状腺制剂、子宫弛缓剂(terine relaxant)、红血球生成药、黏液溶解剂、DNA和基因修正药、以及包括营养素、微量营养素、维生素和辅酶的营养补充剂。除非特别另外说明,药物的药学上可接受的盐和前体药物也被包括。这些药物的一些可以起到多于一种的用途。可以使用上述种类的可选的药物的组合。对抗相同的或不同的症状具有活性的两种或更多种药物可以被组合在一起使用。
用于对咳嗽、或感冒或流感症状的治疗的药物包括单独或组合的元素、化合物或材料,其已被用于,或已被示出为对于与咳嗽、或感冒或流感通常相关联的至少一种症状的改善有用。应当被理解的是,“用于对咳嗽、或感冒或流感症状的治疗的药物”包括对由其他来源产生的类似感冒或类似流感的症状(例如过敏、不利的环境条件等等)的治疗也有用的药物。本文中使用的感冒、类似感冒、流感和类似流感的症状包括咳嗽、鼻炎、鼻塞、上呼吸道感染、过敏性鼻炎、耳炎、鼻窦炎、打喷嚏以及不适、疼痛、发烧和与感冒、流感、过敏、不利环境条件等等相关联的全身不适。
用于咳嗽、或感冒或流感症状的治疗的药物的一般类别的实施例包括抗组胺剂、解充血剂(拟交感神经药)、止咳剂(咳嗽抑制剂)、消炎剂、顺势治疗剂、祛痰剂、麻醉剂、缓和剂、镇痛剂、抗胆碱剂、咽喉舒缓剂、抗菌剂以及抗病毒剂。这些药物的一些可以起到多于一种的用途。除非特别另外说明,所述药物的药学上可接受的盐和前体药物也被包括。对抗感冒或咳嗽的相同的或不同的症状具有活性的两种或更多种药物可以被组合在一起使用。
示例性的抗组胺剂包括阿扎他定、溴苯海拉明、溴苯那敏、马来酸溴苯那敏、卡比沙明、马来酸卡比沙明、西米替丁、氯苯那敏、马来酸氯苯那敏、右氯苯那敏、苯海拉明、盐酸苯海拉明、多西拉敏、苯茚胺、非尼拉敏、苯托沙敏、美吡拉敏、异丙嗪、曲普利啶、氯雷他定、雷尼替丁、氯环嗪、特非那定、富马酸氯马斯汀、茶苯海明、马来酸吡拉明(prilamine maleate)、盐酸曲吡那敏、柠檬酸曲吡那敏、双羟萘酸羟嗪、盐酸羟嗪、乳酸苯甲嗪、盐酸苯甲嗪、盐酸氯苯甲嗪、阿伐斯汀、盐酸西替利嗪、阿司咪唑、盐酸左卡巴斯汀、西替利嗪(cetirzine)及其组合。
示例性的解充血剂包括如萘磺酸左丙氧芬、那可丁、咳必清、咳美芬、氯苯达诺、盐酸伪麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、苯海拉明、海罂粟碱、福尔可定、苯佐那酯、麻黄素、肾上腺素(ephinephrine)、左旋脱氧麻黄碱(levodesoxyephedrine)、羟甲唑啉、萘甲唑啉、六氢脱氧麻黄硷(propylhexedrine)、赛洛唑啉及其组合的试剂。
止咳剂帮助缓解咳嗽。止咳剂的实例包括可待因、双氢可待因、氢可酮以及氢吗啡酮、咳必清、咳美芬、重酒石酸氢可酮、chlorphedianol、诺斯卡品(noscarpine)、右美沙芬及其组合。
祛痰剂包括愈创甘油醚、八角、血根草、款冬、接骨木花、金印、胶草属草、牛膝草、兜藓、毛蕊花、远志草、金钟柏、百里香、马鞭草、愈创木酚甘油醚、水合萜二醇、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、溴己新、氨溴索、多米奥醇、3-碘-1,2-丙二醇以及野樱桃、氯化铵、碘化钙、碘化甘油、愈创木酚磺酸钾、碘化钾、柠檬酸钠及其组合。
麻醉剂包括依托咪酯、氯胺酮、异丙酚以及苯二氮类(benodiazapines)(例如,利眠宁、安定、clorezepate、哈拉西泮、氟西泮、夸西泮、艾司唑仑、三唑仑、阿普唑仑(alprozolm)、咪达唑仑、羟基安定、奥沙西泮、劳拉西泮)、苯佐卡因、达克罗宁、布比卡因、依替卡因、利多卡因、甲哌卡因、promoxine、丙胺卡因、普鲁卡因、丙美卡因(proparcaine)、罗哌卡因、丁卡因及其组合。其它有用的试剂可以包括异戊巴比妥(amobartital)、阿普比妥、仲丁巴比妥、布他比妥甲苯比妥、美索比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥、硫喷妥、聚乙醛(paral)、水合氯醛、乙氯维诺、clutethimide、methprylon、炔乙蚁胺、甲丙氨酯及其组合。
镇痛剂包括阿片类药物,如吗啡、mepidine、芬太尼(dentanyl)、舒芬太尼(sufentranil)、阿芬太尼、阿司匹林、水杨酰胺、水杨酸钠、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、atrin、isocome、midrin、axotal、firinal、对乙酰氨基酚和布他比妥制剂(phrenilin)、麦角和麦角衍生物(酒石酸麦角胺和卡啡因合剂(wigraine)、加非葛、ergostat、酒石酸麦角胺(ergomar)、双氢麦角胺)、舒马曲坦及其组合。
抗胆碱剂包括后马托品、阿托品、莨菪碱溴化氢、L-莨菪碱、L-莨菪生物碱、颠茄生物碱的酊剂、后马托品溴化氢、后马托品溴甲烷、甲基东莨菪碱、辛托品、辛托品与苯巴比妥、clindinium、胃长宁、hexocyclim、异丙胺、肠宝(mepenzolate)、乙胺太林、羟苄利明、普鲁本辛、曲地铵、双环胺、东莨菪碱、阿托品、双环胺、黄酮哌酯、异丙托铵、奥昔布宁、哌仑西平、噻托溴铵、托特罗定、托吡卡胺、咪噻吩、阿曲库铵、多撒库铵、米库氯铵、泮库溴铵、筒箭毒碱、维库溴铵、氯化琥珀胆碱及其组合。
缓和剂包括款冬、聚合草、玉米须、偃麦草、亚麻籽、爱尔兰藓、兜藓、甘草、锦葵、药属葵、毛蕊花、燕麦片、斗篷草、滑榆(slippery elm)及其组合。
抗菌剂包括在氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、青霉素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类以及四环素类的抗生素类别内的那些试剂。具体的示例性抗生素试剂包括萘夫西林(naficillin)、苯唑西林、万古霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、利福平、环丙沙星、广谱青霉素、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、ceftriazoxone、头孢噻肟、氯霉素、克拉维酸(clavunate)、舒巴坦、丙磺舒、强力霉素、壮观霉素、头孢克肟、青霉素G、米诺环素、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂;美洛西林(meziocillin)、哌拉西林、氨曲南、诺氟沙星、甲氧苄啶、头孢他啶、氨苯砜、新霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、阿莫西林、环丙沙星以及万古霉素。
抗病毒剂特定地或一般地调整病毒的生物活性,所述病毒例如小核糖核酸病毒、流感病毒、疱疹病毒、单纯疱疹、带状疱疹、肠道病毒、水痘病毒和鼻病毒,这些病毒与普通感冒相关联。示例性的抗病毒剂包括阿昔洛韦、三氟尿苷、碘苷(idoxorudine)、膦甲酸、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、双脱氧胞苷、双脱氧肌苷、双嘧达莫、司他夫定、西多福韦、泛昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、地达诺新、扎西他滨、rifimantadine、沙奎那韦、茚地那韦、利托那韦、三氮唑核苷、奈非那韦、阿德福韦、奈韦拉平、地拉韦啶、依法韦仑、阿巴卡韦、金刚烷胺、恩曲他滨、恩替卡韦、替诺福韦、扎那米韦、奥司他韦、ICI130,685、impulsin、普可那利、喷昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、细胞因子及其组合。
消炎剂包括水杨酸衍生物(包括阿司匹林)、对氨基苯酚衍生物(包括对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚)以及茚乙酸类(包括吲哚美辛、舒林酸和依托度酸(etodalac))、异芳基乙酸类(包括托美丁双氯芬酸和酮咯酸)、芳基丙酸衍生物(包括布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬(fenopren)、酮咯酸(ketorlac)、卡洛芬、恶丙嗪)、邻氨基苯甲酸类(包括甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸)、以及烯醇酸类(包括吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮和oxyphenthatrazone)。
抗酸剂包括西米替丁、雷尼替丁、尼扎替丁、法莫替丁、奥美拉唑、铋抗酸剂、甲硝唑抗酸剂、四环素抗酸剂、克拉霉素抗酸剂、铝、镁的氢氧化物、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钙以及其它碳酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐及其组合。
举例来说,抗真菌剂包括酮康唑、氟康唑、制霉菌素、伊曲康唑、克霉唑(clomitrazole)、纳他霉素、益康唑、异康唑、奥昔康唑、噻苯咪唑、噻康唑(tiaconazole)、伏立康唑、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、micfungin、两性霉素B及其组合。
化疗试剂包括顺铂(CDDP)、甲基苄肼、氮芥、环磷酰胺、喜树碱、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安(bisulfan)、亚硝基脲(nitrosurea)、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、博来霉素、普卡霉素(plicomycin)、丝裂霉素、依托泊苷(VP16)、它莫昔芬、紫杉酚、反铂(transplatinum)、5-氟尿嘧啶、新长春碱、长春碱和甲氨蝶呤及其类似物或衍生物变体,及其组合。
利尿剂包括但不限于乙酰唑胺、双氯非那胺、醋甲唑胺、呋塞米、布美他尼、ethacrynicacid torseimde、阿佐塞米、莫唑胺、吡咯他尼、曲帕胺、苄氟噻嗪、苄噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟甲噻、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、美托拉宗、喹乙宗、阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶、安体舒通(sprionolactone)、坎利酮、坎利酸钾及其组合。
精神药剂包括氯丙嗪、美索达嗪、硫醚嗪、millazine、廷德尔、盐酸氟奋乃静、氟奋乃静、奋乃静、三氟拉嗪、三氟拉嗪片剂(suprazine)、泰尔登、纳文、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇、halperon、克赛平(loxitane)、盐酸吗啉吲酮、哌迷清、维思通、阿普唑仑、利眠宁(chlordiaepoxide)、氯硝西泮(clonezepam)、clorezepate、安定、哈拉西泮、劳拉西泮、奥沙西泮、普拉西泮、丁螺环酮、盐酸阿密替林(elvavil)、氯米帕明、多虑平、多塞平、盐酸丙咪嗪、曲米帕明、阿莫沙平、地昔帕明、地昔帕明胶囊(pertofrane)、马普替林、去甲替林、普罗替林、百忧解、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀、左洛复、文拉法辛、安非他酮缓释片剂(welibutrin)、奈法唑酮、曲唑酮、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、咪多吡及其组合。
食欲抑制剂包括苄非他明、安非拉酮、马吲哚、苯甲曲秦、芬特明、蝴蝶亚、麻黄和咖啡因。额外的食欲抑制剂在商业上是以下面的商品名:芬特明盐酸盐(Adipex)、酒石酸苯甲曲秦缓释胶囊剂(Adipost)、苯甲曲秦三层片剂(Bontril PDM)、苯甲曲秦缓释剂(Bontril Slow Release)、盐酸苄非他明(Didrex)、盐酸芬特明(Fastin)、芬特明(Ionamin)、马扎诺(Mazanor)、Melfiat、盐酸芬特明胶囊剂(Obenix)、Phendiet、Phendiet-105、Phentercot、Phentride、Plegine、Prelu-2、Pro-Fast、PT105、马吲哚片剂(Sanorex)、盐酸安非拉酮片剂(Tenuate)、马吲哚片剂(Sanorex)、盐酸安非拉酮片剂(Tenuate)、Tenuate Dospan、盐酸安非拉酮制剂(Tepanil Ten-Tab)、Teramine、盐酸芬特明缓释胶囊剂(Zantryl)及其组合。
营养素和微量营养素包括草本剂和植物剂,例如芦荟、覆盆子、血根草、金盏花、甜椒、洋甘菊、猫爪草、紫锥花、大蒜、姜、银杏、白毛莨、各种人参、绿茶、金印、瓜拉那、卡瓦根、叶黄素、荨麻、西番莲、迷迭香、锯棕榈、圣约翰草、百里香、缬草及其组合。还包括的是矿物补充剂,例如钙、铜、碘、铁、镁、锰、钼、磷、锌、硒及其组合。可以添加的其他营养素包括果寡糖、葡萄糖胺、葡萄籽提取物、可乐果提取物、瓜拉那、麻黄、菊粉、植物甾醇、植物化学物质、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、异黄酮、卵磷脂、番茄红素、低聚果糖、多酚类、黄酮类、黄烷醇、黄酮醇和车前草,以及减肥试剂,例如吡啶甲酸铬和苯丙醇胺。维生素和辅酶包括水溶性或脂溶性维生素,例如硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、吡哆醇、泛酸、生物素、叶酸、黄素、胆碱、肌醇以及对氨基苯甲酸、肉毒碱、维生素C、维生素D及其类似物、维生素A以及类胡萝卜素、视黄酸、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B6、维生素B12及其组合。可以使用包括前述营养素的至少一种的组合。
在第一和/或第二糖食材料中使用的药物或其酸加成盐的量取决于建议或允许的治疗剂量而改变。一般来说,存在的药物的量是用于咳嗽或感冒或流感症状的治疗的普通剂量。这样的剂量为本领域从业者所知。
可以使用的具体的可选的、附加的药物包括咖啡因、西米替丁,雷尼替丁,法莫替丁,奥美拉唑,达克罗宁,尼古丁及其组合。
抗氧化剂包括天然的和人工的抗氧化剂(如β-胡萝卜素)、酸化剂(例如维生素C、没食子酸丙酯、丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羟基甲苯、维生素E、鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酚、迷迭香二酚)等等。
防腐剂包括改进糖食产品的货架期的任何天然的和合成的防腐剂。适合的防腐剂包括丙酸、苯甲酸和山梨酸。
多区域糖制食品的组分的每种的相对量将取决于糖制食品组合物的特定组分的特性以及糖制食品的期望的风味,并且是易于被本领域普通技术人员确定的。
多区域糖制食品的被挤出的本体部分包括多个毛细管。应当理解的是,术语“多个(plurality)”意图意指两个或更多个。在一些实施方案中,多个是3个或更多,或4个或更多,或5个或更多,或6个或更多,或7个或更多。不存在对于与“多个”相关联的数字的特定上限。
应当理解的是,术语“毛细管”大体上是指通过挤出或其他形成方法在产品的本体之内创建的导管(conduit)或空间。毛细管典型地包含物质,并且该物质可以是气体、液体、固体或其混合物的形式。
设置于第一糖食材料的被挤出的本体部分的多个毛细管可以具有任何合适的尺寸。典型地,毛细管具有大致圆形的横截面。在一些实施方案中,多个毛细管具有约0.1至约5毫米的宽度或直径。在约0.1至约5毫米的范围内,毛细管可以具有约0.2至约4毫米的宽度或直径,具体地,毛细管可以具有约0.5至约3毫米的宽度或直径,更具体地,毛细管可以具有约0.7至约1.2毫米的直径。
毛细管可以沿本体部分的基本上全长延伸,但是在一些实施方案中,可以沿所述本体部分的长度的约75%、80%、90%或95%延伸(举例来说,当期望密封所述本体部分的端时)。当毛细管沿本体部分的全长延伸时,适当地,所述毛细管的端在所述本体部分的一个或更多个端是可见的。
在一些实施方案中,提供多区域糖制食品,其中第二糖食材料包括约75至约85重量百分数的糖醇、约3至约7重量百分数的水和约0.3至约0.6重量百分数的慢凝果胶,其中所述糖醇包括木糖醇和赤藓糖醇;其中所述慢凝果胶具有约57至约63的甲氧基化程度;其中第二糖食材料还包括约7至约9重量百分数的食品级脂肪和约0.6至约1重量百分数的乳化剂,所述食品级脂肪包括氢化植物油,所述乳化剂包括硬脂酸蔗糖酯。
在一个实施方案中,提供形成多区域糖制食品的方法,所述方法包括:挤出第一糖食材料以形成被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;以及挤出第二糖食材料进入所述多个毛细管的至少一个;其中所述第二糖食材料包括约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,约1至约15重量百分数的水,和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的慢凝果胶,若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。
第一和第二糖食材料可以在合适的温度被挤出,所述合适的温度取决于在选定温度的材料的熔点、黏度和流动性。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括在约50℃至约150℃的温度挤出所述第二糖食材料的步骤。在约50℃至约150℃的范围之内,温度可以是约70℃至约130℃,具体地,约80℃至约120℃,并且更具体地,约90℃至约110℃。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括在约50℃至约90℃的温度挤出所述第一糖食材料的步骤。
第一糖食材料和第二糖食材料的挤出温度可以是不同的。在一些实施方案中,形成多区域糖制食品的方法包括在低于所述第二糖食材料的温度的温度挤出所述第一糖食材料的步骤。在一些其他实施方案中,所述方法包括在高于所述第二糖食材料的温度的温度挤出所述第一糖食材料的步骤。
在再其他实施方案中,第一和第二糖食材料在相同的温度被挤出。
第二糖食材料典型地在塑性状态(plastic state),以便所述第二糖食材料可以通过毛细管模被挤出。在挤出过程期间,第二糖食材料可以是液体状态的,或半固体或凝胶形式的。在挤出之后,第二糖食材料可以固化。在一些实施方案中,制作多区域糖制食品的方法包括挤出液体状态的第二糖食材料并冷却所述第二糖食材料直至所述第二糖食材料固化和/或结晶的步骤。在一些其他实施方案中,所述方法包括挤出塑性固体状态的第二糖食材料并冷却所述多区域糖食以使所述第二糖食材料结晶的步骤。
相似地,第一糖食材料典型地在塑性状态,以使所述第一糖食材料可以通过糖食形成模被挤出。在挤出过程期间,第一糖食材料也可以是凝胶形式的或软咀嚼糖果(soft-chewcandy)可塑固体形式的。
第二糖食材料的各种组分可以被同时共混,或者在一些情况下,某些组分被预共混。在一些实施方案中,第二糖食组合物是一过程的产品,所述过程包括预共混约1至约5重量百分数的所述糖醇和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的所述果胶以形成果胶浆料;以及共混所述果胶浆料与剩余的糖醇。重量百分比基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。
已经出乎意料地发现,预共混降低溶解果胶所需的水的量,这转而降低第二糖食材料的水分含量,从而增强由第二糖食材料形成的毛细管的酥脆质地。在第二糖食材料中具有高的水含量通常是不合乎期望的,因为这将导致渗漏。如果第二糖食材料被加热至非常高的温度以蒸发水,热可能破坏果胶。已经出乎意料地发现,将糖醇与果胶预共混避免上文所描述的问题,并且增强第二糖食材料的酥脆质地。
通过下列非限定性实施例,进一步说明本发明。
实施例
制备多区域糖制食品的五个实施例。五个实施例的组成列在表1中。实施例1和实施例2是按照本发明的实施方案的多区域糖制食品,而对比例1、对比例2和对比例3是不按照本发明的实施例。为每个实施例类型制备了多个样本。
多区域糖制食品是通过第一糖食材料和第二糖食材料的共挤出制备的。第一糖制食品是具有浆果风味的基于食糖的软咀嚼糖果组合物,所述第一糖制食品是从吉百利(卡夫)股份有限公司(Cadbury(Kraft)Inc)以品牌名称Fruit(果味突释)商业上可获得的。任何其他糖果组合物可以被用作第一糖食材料。用于所有实施例类型的第一糖食材料是相同的。然而,用于每个实施例类型的第二糖食材料是不同的。用于各种实施例中的第二糖食材料的组成列在表1中。
实施例1
通过将上述第一糖食材料和通过下文描述的过程制备的第二糖食材料的共挤出制备实施例1。
为了制备第二糖食材料,43.20千克的木糖醇粉末被加入夹套式容器,所述夹套式容器能够加热其内容物至至少150℃。夹套式容器与机械搅拌器耦合以搅拌所述夹套式容器的内容物。夹套式容器被加热至100℃。然后,在恒定搅拌条件下,向夹套式容器加入37.03千克的赤藓糖醇粉末。赤藓糖醇粉末购自嘉吉公司(Cargill Inc);所述赤藓糖醇粉末从其他供应商如Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods也是可获得的。木糖醇粉末购自Danisco;所述木糖醇粉末从许多供应商(举例来说,Roquette、Futian和Hayashibara)也是可获得的。
在立式混合器容器中,制备木糖醇、乳化剂、果胶和水的浆料。乳化剂是作为来自Mitsubishi-Kagakau食品公司的粉末形式的商业上可获得的硬脂酸蔗糖酯。果胶是具有约57至63的甲氧基化程度的高甲氧果胶,并且是从TIC Gums Inc.以品牌名称Pectin HM Slow-set商业上可获得的。为了制备所述浆料,称取2.06千克的木糖醇粉末、0.82千克的糖酯S-1170粉末和0.41千克果胶粉末,并将其加入塑料袋。使用小铲(spatula)将粉末成分手动混合两分钟。然后在恒定搅拌条件下,在25℃将粉末混合物加入到立式混合器容器中的4.11千克水中。搅拌浆料持续30分钟。
然后,在恒定搅拌条件下将木糖醇、糖酯和果胶的浆料加入夹套容器。夹套容器的温度被升至140℃。在熔融箱中,加入8.23千克食品级脂肪N’ICE368。N’ICE368是从马来西亚吉隆坡Premium Vegetable Oils Sdn.Bhd商业上可获得的植物来源的脂肪。熔融箱被加热至60℃以熔融所述脂肪。并且,称取4.115千克一水合柠檬酸并将其加入第二个塑料袋,用于随后向夹套容器添加。
来自熔融箱的熔融的脂肪N’ICE368随后在持续搅拌的条件下被加入夹套容器。10分钟之后,夹套容器的温度降至130℃,并在持续搅拌的条件下,从第二个塑料袋将一水合柠檬酸加入所述容器。贯穿上述过程,夹套容器的温度被保持在高于130℃以避免内容物的固化或结晶化。如此,实施例1的第二糖食材料被制备。第二糖食材料随后被冷却至100℃并且进料于下文描述的共挤出设备。
实施例2
通过上述第一糖食材料和通过上文描述的过程制备的第二糖食材料的共挤出制备实施例2。实施例2的第二糖食材料的组成列在表1中。
对比例1
通过上述第一糖食材料和通过上文描述的过程制备的第二糖食材料的共挤出制备对比例1。对比例1的第二糖食材料的组成列在表1中。对比例1中使用的胶凝剂是低甲氧果胶,所述低甲氧果胶从TIC Gums以品牌名称TICPectin Rapid-set商业可获得。对比例2
通过上述第一糖食材料和通过上文描述的过程制备的第二糖食材料的共挤出制备对比例2。对比例2的第二糖食材料的组成列在表1中。用于对比例2中的胶凝剂Konjac/Xanthan是黄原胶和由魔芋(Konjac)植物制作的葡甘露聚糖(glucomann)的组合。所述胶凝剂是从TIC Gums Inc以品牌名称Konjac/XanthanBind-KX商业上可获得的。
对比例3
通过上述第一糖食材料和通过上文描述的过程制备的第二糖食材料的共挤出制备对比例3。对比例3的第二糖食材料的组成列在表1中。
表1.多区域糖制食品的组成
#以第二糖食材料的重量百分数计量
上文所描述的多区域糖制食品通过第一和第二糖食材料的共挤出来制备。挤出装置由Betol单螺杆挤出机组成,所述Betol单螺杆挤出机具有大概12毫米的螺杆直径,和大致22.5:1的螺杆长度与直径的比率。挤出机具有四个不同的温度区(如稍后描述的,在图1中指示为T1-T4),所述温度区的每个可以使用连接至环带式加热器的比例积分微分控制器(proportional integral derivative controller)独立控制。包括由17个皮下针头(hypodermicneedles)组成的夹带(entrainment)阵列的Mk3MCF挤出模被连接至挤出机底板(endplate)。用于快速冷却从挤出模出来的挤出物的两个相对的空气喷嘴(air jets)被置于模出口的上方和下方;这些喷嘴经由阀被连接至在7x105牛顿每平方米的压缩空气管路(line)。示出了挤出路线的总体布置的示意图被示于图1中,而毛细管模的示意图被示于图2中。
参照图1,示出了实验中使用的挤出设备10的示意图。所述设备包括电动机12,所述电动机12以可旋转的方式耦合到挤出螺杆14。螺杆14通过料斗16在一端被供料,并且相对端被耦合到挤出模18,所述挤出模18具有挤出物出口20。骤冷(quench)喷嘴22朝向模出口20以便冷却被挤出的材料23,并且这些喷嘴被供料以压缩空气24。如果期望,设备的料斗16被耦合于螺杆14的区域可以借助于冷却供给(cooling feed)26被冷却。
围绕螺杆14的是筒(barrel)28,所述筒28具有指示为T1至T3的三个筒温度区——每个区的温度可以独立于其他区被控制。借助于供料导管29,筒28被连接于模18,所述供料导管29具有可被控制的温度区T4。
在使用中,料斗16被填充以第一糖食材料30,所述第一糖食材料30可以被加热以便保持其为液体。在第一糖食材料进入螺杆14之前,所述第一糖食材料可以借助于冷却供给26被冷却,以便确保所述材料是在针对进入螺杆挤出机的正确的温度。随着螺杆被旋转,在筒28内部,液体材料沿着螺杆14被排出,并且区T1-T3的温度被相应调整。然后所述材料通过供料导管29,并且在所述材料进入模18之前,所述温度通过温度控制T4被再次调整(如果需要)。
参照图2,与图1的设备一起使用来制备各种多区域糖制食品的挤出模组件的示意图被示出。贮料器(reservoir)50保存第二糖食材料。贮料器50被加热使第二糖食材料保持在正确的温度以便将所述第二糖食材料保持在液体状态。贮料器50被连接于导管52,所述导管52具有用于控制液体流量的隔离阀54。导管52被包在伴热管(trace heating tube)56中,所述伴热管56保持导管的温度,以使液体在其在导管内移动期间保持在液体状态。导管52被耦合于模18的入口,所述模18具有许多针头,以使当第一糖食材料正在被挤出时,在所述针头周围形成的毛细管可以被同时填充以第二糖食材料。
图3更详细地示出模18。尤其是,该图示出了金属模18在一端具有多个针头60,所述针头60被连接于腔62,所述腔62与入口通道64流体联通,用于泵送第二糖食材料到针头60中。在第一糖食材料正在被挤出的同时,第二糖食被强行通过针头,以使挤出物包含填充有第二糖食材料的许多毛细管。在挤出物23从模18被释放时,挤出物23借助于骤冷喷嘴22被冷却。
多区域糖制食品的挤出物被形成料串的形状。料串被切割以形成各自具有40厘米的长度和2厘米边长的正方形横截面的多个料串样本。用于每个实施例类型的一个这样的料串被允许在室温下陈化3天。并且,对于每个实施例类型,一个料串被切割为较短的块,每个块具有2厘米的长度。块被单独包装于塑料包装中。然后,被包装的块被允许在室温(25℃)陈化3天。相似地,用于每个实施例类型的一个块被允许在不包装的情况下陈化3天。
多区域糖制食品的视觉和感官评价
在3天结束时,针对结晶化程度和第二糖食材料从毛细管的渗漏程度,目测评价每个实施例类型的料串和块的样本。这些评价以目测方式进行以获得定性评估。
在三天结束时,沿着垂直于块的长度的平面切割块样本以检查所述块的内部。针对第二糖食材料的结晶化程度和渗漏程度,目测检查块样本的内部。结果总结在表2和3中。
表2.陈化时的料串样本的物理性质
#1在室温下陈化选定时间间隔的第二糖食材料的结晶化程度
表3.在室温下陈化3天的块样本的物理性质
从上述结果可以清楚地观察到发明性的组合物防止多区域糖食中的渗漏。在十二个专家级评价者的感官评价中,所述发明性的组合物也被发现具备酥脆质地。因此,所述发明性的组合物和制作所述组合物的方法能够制备无渗漏、酥脆的多区域糖制食品。
这个书面描述使用实施例来公开本发明(包括最佳实施方式),并且还使得任何本领域技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求书限定,并且可能包括本领域技术人员想到的其他实施例。如果这样的其他实施例具有不异于本权利要求书的字面语言结构要素,或者如果它们包括具有与本权利要求书的字面语言非实质不同的等同的结构要素,则它们意图在权利要求书的范围内。
所有引用的专利、专利申请以及其他参考通过引用被整体并入本文。然而,如果本申请中的术语与并入的参考抵触或冲突,来自本申请的术语优先于来自并入的参考的相冲突的术语。
所有在本文中公开的范围包括端点,并且端点与彼此独立地结合。本文所公开的每个范围构成在已公开的范围之内的任何点或子范围的公开。
除非在本文中另外指明或由上下文清楚地抵触,术语“a”、“an”、“the”以及类似指示物的在描述的发明的上下文中(具体地在所附权利要求书的上下文中)的使用要被解释为覆盖单数和复数二者。另外,还应该注意的是,本文中术语“第一”、“第二”等等不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性,而是用于区别一个要素和另一个要素。与数量结合使用的修饰语“约”包括陈述的值,并且具有由上下文指示的含义(例如,其包括与特定数量的测量相关联的误差度)。
Claims (23)
1.一种多区域糖制食品,所述多区域糖制食品包括:
被挤出的本体部分,所述被挤出的本体部分包括第一糖食材料;和
设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管,并且所述多个毛细管包括第二糖食材料,所述第二糖食材料包括
约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,
约1至约15重量百分数的水,和
约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的慢凝果胶;
若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。
2.如权利要求1所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述慢凝果胶是具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度的果胶。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述糖醇选自由赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(异麦芽酮糖醇)、山梨糖醇、乳糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物及其组合组成的组。
4.如权利要求1-3的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料包括约75至约91重量百分数的所述糖醇。
5.如权利要求1-4的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料包括约79至约85重量百分数的所述糖醇。
6.如权利要求1-5的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料包括约0.2至约1.3重量百分数的所述慢凝果胶。
7.如权利要求1-6的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料包括约0.3至约1.1重量百分数的所述慢凝果胶。
8.如权利要求1-7的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料还包括约1至约50重量百分数的食品级脂肪或油。
9.如权利要求8所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料还包括基于所述食品级脂肪或油的重量的约5至约20重量百分数的量的乳化剂。
10.如权利要求1-9的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第二糖食材料还包括食品级酸。
11.如权利要求1-10的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第一糖食材料是硬熬煮糖果组合物。
12.如权利要求1-10的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第一糖食材料是耐嚼糖果组合物。
13.如权利要求1-10的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述第一糖食材料是咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
14.如权利要求1-13的任一项所述的多区域糖制食品,其中所述多个毛细管具有约0.1至约5毫米的宽度或直径。
15.如权利要求1所述的多区域糖制食品,
其中所述第二糖食材料包括
约75至约85重量百分数的所述糖醇,其中所述糖醇包括木糖醇和赤藓糖醇;
约3至约7重量百分数的水;和
约0.3至约0.6重量百分数的所述慢凝果胶,其中所述慢凝果胶具有约57至约63的甲氧基化程度;并且其中所述第二糖食材料还包括
约7至约9重量百分数的食品级脂肪,所述食品级脂肪包括氢化植物油;和
约0.6至约1重量百分数的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包括硬脂酸蔗糖酯。
16.一种形成多区域糖制食品的方法,所述方法包括:
挤出第一糖食材料以形成被挤出的本体部分和设置于所述被挤出的本体部分中的多个毛细管;以及
挤出第二糖食材料进入所述多个毛细管的至少一个;
其中所述第二糖食材料包括
约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇,
约1至约15重量百分数的水,和
约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的慢凝果胶,所述慢凝果胶具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度;
若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述第二糖食材料的总重量。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述挤出第二糖食材料的步骤包括在约50℃至约150℃的温度挤出所述第二糖食材料。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中所述挤出第二糖食材料的步骤包括在约70℃至约130℃的温度挤出所述第二糖食材料。
19.如权利要求16-18的任一项所述的方法,其中所述挤出第一糖食材料的步骤包括在低于所述第二糖食材料的温度的温度挤出所述第一糖食材料。
20.如权利要求16-18的任一项所述的方法,其中所述挤出第一糖食材料的步骤包括在高于所述第二糖食材料的温度的温度挤出所述第一糖食材料。
21.如权利要求16-20的任一项所述的方法,其中所述挤出第二糖食材料的步骤包括以液体状态挤出所述第二糖食材料并且冷却所述第二糖食材料直至所述第二糖食材料固化和/或结晶。
22.如权利要求16-21的任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二糖食组合物是一过程的产品,所述过程包括
预共混约1至约5重量百分数的所述糖醇,和约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的所述果胶以形成果胶浆料;以及
共混所述果胶浆料和剩余的糖醇。
23.一种糖食组合物,所述糖食组合物包括:
约47至约95重量百分数的糖醇;
约1至约15重量百分数的水;和
约0.1至约1.5重量百分数的果胶,所述果胶具有约50至约70百分数的甲氧基化程度;
若非指定不同的重量基准,其中所有重量百分数值基于所述糖食组合物的总重量。
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US201161536652P | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | |
US61/536,652 | 2011-09-20 | ||
GB1119039.4A GB2495157A (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-11-04 | Extruded confectionery comprising filled capillaries |
GB1119039.4 | 2011-11-04 | ||
PCT/IB2012/054906 WO2013042028A1 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2012-09-17 | Multi-region confectionery and method of production thereof |
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CN201280057019.9A Pending CN103957723A (zh) | 2011-09-20 | 2012-09-17 | 多区域糖食及其生产方法 |
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US (1) | US20140227389A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2757895A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014526272A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103957723A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012311206B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112014006500A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2849262A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2495157A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2014003424A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2014110229A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013042028A1 (zh) |
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GB201004890D0 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2010-05-05 | Cadbury Uk Ltd | Confectionery product containing active and/or reactive components and methods of production thereof |
CN104955340B (zh) * | 2013-01-25 | 2018-03-06 | Wm.雷格利 Jr.公司 | 夹心糖食及其制造方法 |
AT15943U3 (de) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-01-15 | Ing Bernhard Haberl Ba | Xylitbonbon |
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JP2014526272A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
MX2014003424A (es) | 2015-01-16 |
WO2013042028A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
RU2014110229A (ru) | 2015-10-27 |
GB2495157A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
US20140227389A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
EP2757895A1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
AU2012311206B2 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
GB201119039D0 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
AU2012311206A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
CA2849262A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
BR112014006500A2 (pt) | 2017-03-28 |
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