CN103829036A - Preparation method of microecological fermented feed by utilizing byproducts of corn deep-processing as raw materials - Google Patents
Preparation method of microecological fermented feed by utilizing byproducts of corn deep-processing as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method of a microecology fermented feed by utilizing byproducts of corn deep-processing as raw materials. The preparation method includes: 1, selecting three probiotics of bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and rhizopus, obtaining a second stage seed by slant culture, first stage seed culture in a shake flask and second stage culture in a shake flask, and carrying out complex formulation according to a certain proportion; 2, selecting three probiotics of lactic acid bacteria, candida utilis and flavor yeast, obtaining a second stage seed by slant culture, first stage seed culture in a shake flask and second stage culture in a shake flask, and carrying out complex formulation according to a certain proportion; 3, reasonably proportioning to prepare a fermentation medium by utilizing the by-products of the corn deep-processing, such as corn bran, embryo cake, corn steep liquor and gluten meal, as raw materials; 4, inoculating the formulated probiotics of the step 1 in a solid state fermentation medium to perform aerobic fermentation, inoculating the formulated probiotics of the step 2 to perform anaerobic fermentation after aerobic fermentation for a while, drying after the fermentation, to obtain the microecological feed. The preparation method has high comprehensive utilization efficiency. The microecological feed has high active proteins, lactic acid and functional small peptides, and is a high quality health care feed which is easily absorbed by body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to herein fermentation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of take corn deep processing byproduct as
Raw material is produced the method for microecological fermented forage.
Background technology
Corn is one of China's Three major grain crops, mainly as feed and the raw material of industry.The fermented product output of corn deep processing had kept steady growth in recent years.Corn deep processing industrial expansion, for improving corn added value, stablizes Maize Industry economy, improves peasant income, serves agriculture-countryside-farmer's construction and has made significant contribution.
But China's corn deep processing utilize present situation unsatisfactory.From the current present situation of corn deep processing, corn resources has mainly utilized 70% cornstarch.Also have the byproduct of 30% left and right not to be fully used.Domestic corn deep processing product is mainly starch, starch sugar, sugar alcohol and fermented product etc., corn deep processing byproduct is mainly: corn germ cake, maize peel, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder etc., these accessory substances are mainly used in feed industry or are discharged with waste liquid form.Not only cause great waste, also polluted environment.These byproducts account for 30 % of corn weight, as the raw material sources of feed industry, cheap, and added value is not high, but also need to, through numerous and diverse techniques such as super-dries, consume energy higher.
Maize peel is the byproduct of corn producing starch, accounts for the 7-10 % of corn gross weight.Fat content 6% in maize peel, useable solvents is extracted corn fat and is obtained zein fiber oil, up to 10-15%, has very strong oxidation resistance containing phytosterol.In maize peel, cellulose, hemicellulose level enrich, wherein cellulose 1 %, hemicellulose 35%, carbohydrate 32 %; The immersion water of corn after sulfurous acid solution soaks is corn steep liquor after concentrated.Corn soaking water consumption is 45 % of processing corn total amount, and after concentrated, the composition of corn steep liquor is: solid content 40 ~ 50 %, protein 16 ~ 30%, amino acid 8 ~ 12%, reduced sugar 5 ~ 7 %, vitamin 0.7-1mg/L, total acid 8-13%, lactic acid 7-12%, phosphorus 4-4.5%, potassium 2-2.5%.Soak water of maize contains rich in protein soluble amino acid, sugar and other is micro-; In zein, contain 60% protein, wherein protein,alcohol-soluble and content of glutamic acid are higher, for the effectively protein utilization rate of animal of microecological fermented forage, and improve to a certain extent the immunity of animal; Corn germ cake is take maize germ as raw material, gets the byproduct after oil through squeezing or lixiviate.In corn germ cake, contain thick protein 18%～20%, crude fat 1%～2%, crude fibre 11%～12%.Corn germ protein is a kind of high-quality protein, nutritious, also contains and has the functional proteins such as the globulin of immunologic function.
There are four kinds of accessory substances in the known corn deep processing of above data to there is abundant nutriment, and contain a large amount of functional components, realize the increment of product thereby should make full use of its value of performance.But current most enterprise is because process technology is comparatively backward, just then it is dried and is sold as feedstuff, corn steep liquor even directly discharges.This has not only reduced the value of these accessory substances, and power consumption is higher in dry run, this does not all meet the industrialization target of China's energy-saving and emission-reduction, comprehensive utilization, therefore we are necessary to utilize new technology that the accessory substance in corn deep processing is turned waste into wealth, make maize raw material utilization more abundant, accomplish energy-saving and emission-reduction, comprehensive utilization, alleviate the pollution of environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of producing microecological fermented forage take corn deep processing byproduct as raw material, the product of gained is nutritious, is easily absorbed by body, and effectively regulating intestinal canal health, provides certain immunologic function.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of producing microecological fermented forage take corn deep processing byproduct as raw material, comprise the following steps: (1) selects bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, 3 kinds of probios of head mold, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out according to a certain percentage composite.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 1～5%, and cultivation temperature is 25～40 ℃, and incubation time is 20～40 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5～7; (2) opt lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, 3 kinds of probios of flavor yeast bacterium, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivate secondary seed and carry out according to a certain percentage composite.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 1～5%, and cultivation temperature is 25～35 ℃, and incubation time is 20～40 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5～7; (3) preparation of fermentation medium: the various accessory substances that occur take corn deep processing process, if maize peel, germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder are as raw material carries out rationally compositely, and add a certain proportion of inorganic salts and adjust pH value using this as fermentation medium by soda acid; (4) fermentation medium of composite good probio in step (1) being prepared according to 2～10% ratio access step (3) carried out aerobic fermentation, 25～40 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 40～72 hours; (5) composite good probio in step (2) is carried out to anaerobic fermentation according to the fermentation medium in 1～10% ratio access step (4), after 25～40 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 60～84 hours, obtain microecological fermented forage through vacuum dehydrating at lower temperature.
In described step (1) and (2), the seed culture medium of each probio is as follows: slant medium is corn steep liquor 40～60%, agar 1～2%, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2～1%, all the other are sterilized water, pH value is 5～7; Firsts and seconds seed culture medium is corn steep liquor 50～90%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2～1%, and all the other are sterilized water, pH value is 5～7.
In described step (1), the compound proportion of each probio is as follows: bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, head mold carry out composite according to 1: 1～2: 1.5～3 ratios, can select one or more in 3 kinds of probios.
In described step (2), the compound proportion of each probio is as follows: lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, flavor yeast bacterium carry out composite according to 1: 1～4: 1～2 ratios, can select one or more in 3 kinds of probios.
In described step (3), fermentation medium consists of: maize yellow-powder, and corn germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize peel, the ratio according to 1: 1～3: 4～20: 1～8 is carried out composite, and wherein corn steep liquor moisture is 60%～80%; Corn germ cake, maize yellow-powder, maize peel moisture are all less than 14%.
Inorganic salts in described step (3) are one or more in ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate.Soda acid in step (3) is one or more in ammoniacal liquor, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, NaOH.
Inorganic salts addition in described step (3) is: 0.1～10%; The pH value of fermentation medium is 5～7.
It is 40～60 ℃ that described step (5) vacuum and low temperature dries drying parameter, and vacuum is 0.05MPa～0.09MPa.
The present invention is take the accessory substance corn germ cake in corn deep processing, maize yellow-powder, maize peel, corn steep liquor as raw material, through the composite bacterial strain process of reasonably combined access two-step fermentation, utilize the cellulose in the cellulase decomposing and fermenting culture medium that aspergillus oryzae and head mold produce, and through the macromolecular substances in the effective enzymolysis culture medium of biology enzyme of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete secretion as albumen and produce flavor substance, obtain microecological fermented forage.Each microorganism synergy not only can be utilizable low molecular compound by the Substance Transformation that can not utilize in culture medium during the fermentation, can also increase percent protein and produce the effectively functional components of regulating intestinal canal health.This product can effectively improve the grazing rate of animal, improves feedstuff-meat ratio and can also play prevention effect to a certain extent to Animal diseases.The present invention, corn deep processing byproduct comprehensive utilization ratio is high, and product contains highly active protein, lactic acid and functional little peptide and other immunizing composition, is a kind of high-quality health product easily being absorbed by body.The byproduct of having realized in corn deep processing process effectively rises in value, and Social benefit and economic benefit is all very remarkable.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Produce the method for microecological fermented forage comprises the following steps take corn deep processing byproduct as raw material: (1) selects bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, 3 kinds of probios of head mold, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1.5.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 1%, and cultivation temperature is 32 ℃, and incubation time is 40 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5.5; (2) opt lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, 3 kinds of probios of flavor yeast bacterium, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 5%, and cultivation temperature is 30 ℃, and incubation time is 30 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 7; (3) preparation of fermentation medium: the various accessory substances that occur take corn deep processing process are if maize peel, germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder are as raw material was according to 1: 1: 4: 1 ratio is carried out composite, and add 0.5% ammonium sulfate, adjusting pH value by ammoniacal liquor and hydrochloric acid is 5.7 as fermentation medium; (4) fermentation medium of composite good probio in step (1) being prepared according to 2% ratio access step (3) carried out aerobic fermentation, 30 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 64 hours; (5) composite good probio in step (2) is carried out to anaerobic fermentation according to the fermentation medium in 10% ratio access step (4), after 25 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 84 hours, obtain microecological fermented forage through vacuum dehydrating at lower temperature.
In step (1) and (2), the seed culture medium of each probio is as follows: slant medium is corn steep liquor 40%, agar 1%, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1%, all the other are sterilized water, pH value 5.5; Firsts and seconds seed culture medium is corn steep liquor 50%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1%, and all the other are sterilized water, pH value 5.5.
In step (3), corn steep liquor moisture is 60%; Maize germ, maize yellow-powder, maize peel moisture are 12%.
In step (4), vacuum and low temperature baking drying parameter is 40 ℃, and vacuum is 0.08MPa.
Embodiment 2:
Produce the method for microecological fermented forage comprises the following steps take corn deep processing byproduct as raw material: (1) selects bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, 3 kinds of probios of head mold, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 2: 3.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 2%, and cultivation temperature is 35 ℃, and incubation time is 35 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5.5; (2) opt lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, 3 kinds of probios of flavor yeast bacterium, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 4: 2.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 4%, and cultivation temperature is 28 ℃, and incubation time is 35 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5.8; (3) preparation of fermentation medium: the various accessory substances that occur take corn deep processing process are if maize peel, germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder are as raw material was according to 1: 3: 10: 5 ratio is carried out composite, and add 5% ammonium sulfate, 1% sodium hydrogen phosphate, adjusting pH value by NaOH and hydrochloric acid is 5.4 as fermentation medium; (4) fermentation medium of composite good probio in step (1) being prepared according to 5% ratio access step (3) carried out aerobic fermentation, 35 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 58 hours; (5) composite good probio in step (2) is carried out to anaerobic fermentation according to the fermentation medium in 2% ratio access step (4), after 30 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 80 hours, obtain microecological fermented forage through vacuum dehydrating at lower temperature.
In step (1) and (2), the seed culture medium of each probio is as follows: slant medium is corn steep liquor 50%, agar 1%, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, all the other are sterilized water, pH value 6.8; Firsts and seconds seed culture medium is corn steep liquor 90%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, and all the other are sterilized water, pH value 6.9.
In step (3), corn steep liquor moisture is 80%; Maize germ, maize yellow-powder, maize peel moisture are 13%.
In step (4), vacuum and low temperature baking drying parameter is 50 ℃, and vacuum is 0.06MPa.
Embodiment 3:
Produce the method for microecological fermented forage comprises the following steps take corn deep processing byproduct as raw material: (1) selects bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, 3 kinds of probios of head mold, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 1.5: 2.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 5%, and cultivation temperature is 37 ℃, and incubation time is 24 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5.9; (2) opt lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, 3 kinds of probios of flavor yeast bacterium, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out composite according to the ratio of 1: 3: 1.5.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 4%, and cultivation temperature is 32 ℃, and incubation time is 33 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5.4; (3) preparation of fermentation medium: the various accessory substances that occur take corn deep processing process are if maize peel, germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder are as raw material was according to 1: 1.5: 15: 3.5 ratio is carried out composite, and add 2% ammonium sulfate, 2% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 2% ammoniacal liquor, adjusting pH value by NaOH and hydrochloric acid is 6.5 as fermentation medium; (4) fermentation medium of composite good probio in step (1) being prepared according to 8% ratio access step (3) carried out aerobic fermentation, 33 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 45 hours; (5) composite good probio in step (2) is carried out to anaerobic fermentation according to the fermentation medium in 6% ratio access step (4), after 28 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 60 hours, obtain microecological fermented forage through vacuum dehydrating at lower temperature.
In step (1) and (2), the seed culture medium of each probio is as follows: slant medium is corn steep liquor 55%, agar 1.5%, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, all the other are sterilized water, pH value 5.3; Firsts and seconds seed culture medium is corn steep liquor 80%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, and all the other are sterilized water, pH value 5.9.
In step (3), corn steep liquor moisture is 65%; Maize germ, maize yellow-powder, maize peel moisture are 14%.
In step (4), vacuum and low temperature baking drying parameter is 60 ℃, and vacuum is 0.04MPa.
The composition measurement of functional fermented feed:
Determining the protein quantity: micro-Kjeldahl, sample and the concentrated sulfuric acid be warm altogether, itrogenous organic substance decomposes generation ammonia (digestion), the ammonia producing and effect of sulfuric acid generate ammonium sulfate, then make it to decompose through highly basic alkalization and emit ammonia, by steam, ammonia is evaporated in acid solution, the degree being neutralized according to this acid solution can calculate the nitrogen content in sample.
Little peptide content is measured: GB/T6682 water for analytical laboratory use specification and experimental technique, first soluble protein, free amino acid and ammonia in sample are extracted in water, extracting section liquid is at 110 ℃, in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid, be hydrolyzed 24h and become single amino acids, measure total amino acid nitrogen content at 570nm place through ninhydrin chromogenic reaction, free amino acid nitrogen content direct take extract and that ninhydrin chromogenic reaction is measured at 570nm place is blank, and water-soluble peptide content be to be multiplied by conversion coefficient after total amino acid nitrogen content deducts free aminoacid content again.(error that the free amino acid that in this method, sample produces in acid hydrolysis process brings is ignored.）
Content of cellulose is measured: the preparation of standard liquid for normative reference GB/T 601 chemical reagent titrimetries (capacity analysis), with concentration bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry accurately, disappear under given conditions and boil sample, remove DDGS with ethanol again, through the amount of high temperature sintering deduction mineral matter, institute's surplus is crude fibre, it is not a definite chemical entities, just, generally acknowledging the summary composition of measuring under the condition of mandatory provision, wherein take cellulose as main, also have a small amount of hemicellulose and lignin.
Measurement result is in table 1:
Conclusion: three kinds of Main By product corn germ cakes in corn deep processing, maize peel, corn steep liquor obtain microecological fermented forage afterwards through fermenting and producing of the present invention, the protein content of microecological fermented forage kind on average raises more than 110%, little peptide content raises more than 35%, content of cellulose falls more than 30%, and effect is remarkable.
Claims (9)
1. a microecological fermented forage of preparing take corn deep processing accessory substance as raw material.
2. prepare the production method of functional fermented feed take corn deep processing accessory substance as raw material for one kind, comprise the following steps: (1) selects bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, 3 kinds of probios of head mold, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivates to obtain secondary seed carry out according to a certain percentage composite.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 1～5%, and cultivation temperature is 25～40 ℃, and incubation time is 20～40 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5～7; (2) opt lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, 3 kinds of probios of flavor yeast bacterium, through inclined-plane, shaking flask firsts and seconds cultivate secondary seed and carry out according to a certain percentage composite.Every one-level inoculum concentration is 1～5%, and cultivation temperature is 25～35 ℃, and incubation time is 20～40 hours, and Medium's PH Value is 5～7; (3) preparation of fermentation medium: the various accessory substances that occur take corn deep processing process, if maize peel, germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize yellow-powder are as raw material carries out rationally compositely, and add a certain proportion of inorganic salts and adjust pH value using this as fermentation medium by soda acid; (4) fermentation medium of composite good probio in step (1) being prepared according to 2～10% ratio access step (3) carried out aerobic fermentation, 25～40 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 40～72 hours; (5) composite good probio in step (2) is carried out to anaerobic fermentation according to the fermentation medium in 1～10% ratio access step (4), after 25～40 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations 60～84 hours, obtain microecological fermented forage through vacuum dehydrating at lower temperature.
3. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (1) and (2), the seed culture medium of each probio is as follows: slant medium is corn steep liquor 40～60%, agar 1～2%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2～1%, all the other are sterilized water, and pH value is 5～7; Firsts and seconds seed culture medium is corn steep liquor 50～90%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2～1%, and all the other are sterilized water, pH value is 5～7.
4. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the compound proportion of each probio is as follows: bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, head mold carry out composite according to 1: 1～2: 1.5～3 ratios, can select one or more in 3 kinds of probios.
5. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the compound proportion of each probio is as follows: lactic acid bacteria, candida utili bacterium, flavor yeast bacterium carry out composite according to 1: 1～4: 1～2 ratios, can select one or more in 3 kinds of probios.
6. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), fermentation medium consists of: maize yellow-powder, corn germ cake, corn steep liquor, maize peel, ratio according to 1: 1～3: 4～20: 1～8 is carried out composite, and wherein corn steep liquor moisture is 60%～80%; Corn germ cake, maize yellow-powder, maize peel moisture are all less than 14%.
7. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the inorganic salts in described step (3) are one or more in ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate.Soda acid in step (3) is one or more in ammoniacal liquor, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, NaOH.
8. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the inorganic salts addition in described step (3) is: 0.1～10%; The pH value of fermentation medium is 5～7.
9. the production method of microecological fermented forage as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: it is 40～60 ℃ that described step (5) vacuum and low temperature dries drying parameter, and vacuum is 0.05MPa～0.09MP.
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