CN103781637A - 充气车辆轮胎 - Google Patents
充气车辆轮胎 Download PDFInfo
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- WEZJBAOYGIDDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+);borate Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WEZJBAOYGIDDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APOMEDODZDOJPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound [Co].OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O APOMEDODZDOJPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
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- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种充气车辆轮胎,该充气车辆轮胎具有径向胎体并且包含一种硫可交联的橡胶混合物,该橡胶混合物包含从70至100phr(重量份,在混合物中所有橡胶的重量为100份的基础上)的天然橡胶,最多达30phr的至少一种聚丁二稀,最多达15phr的至少一种炭黑,从20至100phr的至少一种硅石,至少一种硅烷偶联剂以及一种粘合体系。为了延长该充气车辆轮胎的寿命,该橡胶混合物为胎体橡胶混合物并且依据ASTM D3765该硅石具有的CTAB数大于100m2/g。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种充气车辆轮胎,该充气车辆轮胎具有一个径向胎体并且包含一种硫可交联的橡胶混合物,该橡胶混合物包含从70至100phr(重量份,在混合物中所有橡胶的重量为100份的基础上)的天然橡胶,最多达30phr的至少一种聚丁二稀,最多达15phr的至少一种炭黑,从20至100phr的至少一种硅石,至少一种硅烷偶联剂以及一种粘合体系。
本说明书中所使用的phr(按重量计每一百份橡胶中的份数)数据是在橡胶工业中用于混合物配方的惯用量数据。在此这些单独的物质以按重量计的份数加入的量总是基于100重量份的在该混合物中存在的所有橡胶的总组成。
背景技术
为了承受高机械应力,通过织物或金属增强件例如使用镀黄铜的钢丝帘线加强充气车辆轮胎。举例而言,充气车辆轮胎在带束层、胎圈芯以及任选地在胎体中包含镀黄铜的钢丝帘线。为了确保橡胶增强复合物耐久,该进行嵌入的橡胶混合物(胶化混合物)旨在显示对该增强件的良好粘合,并且该粘合不应受老化及在潮湿条件下存储而损坏。此外,硫化橡胶应显示出高动态和机械强度以及对裂口和裂纹扩展的低敏感性。
利用粘合混合物藉由直接法通过浸胶(例如,间苯二酚-甲醛树脂结合橡胶胶乳(RFL浸胶))或者利用多异氰酸酯通过未硫化橡胶的粘合溶液实现橡胶至织物增强件的粘合。
通过使用被称为胶化混合物中的增强树脂,能够有利地影响该橡胶-金属粘合。已知的增强树脂的实例为木质素、聚合树脂以及具有硬化剂的酚醛树脂。一直已知的用于改进该橡胶-金属粘合的方法是使用钴盐和/或间苯二酚-甲醛-硅石体系,或者间苯二酚-甲醛体系作为该胶化混合物的添加剂。举例而言,具有钴盐和具有间苯二酚-甲醛-硅石体系的胶化混合物从KGK橡胶-胶质-塑料(KautschukGummi Kunststoffe)No.5/99,pp.322-328、从GAK8/1995,p.536以及从EP-A-1260384中可知。
已知胶化混合物中使用的填充剂为以如下炭黑与硅石比率的炭黑和/或硅石:从100:0至80:20或者从20:80至0:100。
权利要求1的前序部分中的充气车辆轮胎从DE69602212T2中可知。在那个文献中,具有天然橡胶、硅石、硅烷偶联剂和粘合体系的混合物用作该带束层的胶化混合物,其中用于胶化该带束层的混合物在例如热积聚方面具有与对例如胎体橡胶混合物适用的要求完全不同的要求,通常需要具有高耐疲劳性,从而在胎侧壁的区域中,它们承受轮胎的变形。举例而言,所用的硅石为高分散性硅石。本发明旨在实现减小轮胎的滚动阻力,对其他特性例如粘合性、耐磨性或耐久性尤其是带束层的耐久性,或者轮胎的生产没有任何不利影响。这里的表述高分散性硅石指的是能够分解或解附聚并因此能够特别良好地且均匀地分散(分布)于弹性基体中的硅石。这个特别良好的分布能够经由薄截面的电子显微照片或光学显微照片证实。赢创工业销售的硅石VN2和VN3不是高分散性硅石。高分散性硅石的使用旨在在该硫化混合物中将材料疲劳降至最小并因此降低该混合物从增强件分离的危险。DE69602212T2中用于带束层混合物的高分散性硅石的CTAB指数为≤125m2/g。
发明内容
本发明基于提供具有更长寿命的充气车辆轮胎的目的。
本发明实现该目的的方式为:该橡胶混合物为胎体橡胶混合物并且依据ASTM D3765该硅石具有的CTAB数大于100m2/g。
出人意料地,已经发现处于胎体橡胶混合物形式的橡胶混合物的安排能够有效地防止裂口及裂纹扩展,尤其是在胎圈帘布层的折回部分的区域中,并因此能够显著提高轮胎的寿命。
该胎体橡胶混合物包含从70至100phr的天然橡胶(NR),这是具有大于99%顺式-1,4含量的在工厂中生化合成的聚异戊二烯。
该胎体橡胶混合物包含最多达30phr、优选从15至20phr的至少一种聚丁二烯(BR)作为另外的橡胶。为了特别良好的粘合特性以及良好的可加工性,该聚丁二烯为具有大于按重量计95%的顺式含量的聚丁二烯或者为功能化的Li-聚丁二烯,例如来自日本瑞翁(Nippon Zeon)的BR1250H或者EP2289990A1中描述的功能化聚丁二烯的类型。
该胎体橡胶混合物能够包含最多达15phr的至少一种炭黑。然而,因此,它还能够完全不含炭黑。能够使用的炭黑的类型为那些用于胶化混合物的常规炭黑,例如,N326型炭黑。
该胎体橡胶混合物包含从20至100phr、优选从40至80phr的至少一种具有大于100m2/g的CTAB数的硅石。然而,因此,多种所述硅石在该混合物中还可同时存在。
为了实现进一步改进该混合物的裂口行为,证明依据ASTM D3765该硅石的CTAB数大于130m2/g是有利的,对应于大的比表面积,且没有其中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵不能通过的孔。
在本发明的优选实施例中,通过使用高分散性硅石作为硅石能够进一步提高轮胎的寿命。在这个申请中,表述高分散性硅石指的是本领域技术人员已知的在弹性基体中具有良好和均匀分散性的硅石。它们从市场中称为HD硅石的形式中获得,例如,来自赢创工业的7000或者来自罗地亚的1165MP。当暴露于外力时,它们表现出显著改进的结构稳定性,并因此可在该混合物内进行良好的分布。
为了改进可加工性,并且为了将硅石以及其他任选存在的极性填充剂偶联到该二烯橡胶上,在该胎体橡胶混合物中使用硅烷偶联剂。在该橡胶或该橡胶混合物的混合期间(原位),或者在预处理(预改性)情况下在将该填充剂加入橡胶之前,所述硅烷偶联剂与硅石的表面硅烷醇基团反应。在此可以使用的硅烷偶联剂是本领域普通技术人员已知的、用于橡胶混合物中的任何硅烷偶联剂。从现有技术中已知的这种类型的偶联剂是双官能的有机硅烷,它们具有至少一个烷氧基、环烷氧基、或苯氧基作为硅原子上的离去基团,并且它们具有一个任选地在分裂之后可以与该聚合物的双键进行化学反应的基团作为其他的官能度。举例而言,最后提到的基团可以为以下化学基团:-SCN、-SH、-NH2或-Sx-(其中x=2-8)。因此,可以使用的硅烷偶联剂是,举例而言,3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氰硫基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、或者具有从2至8个硫原子的3,3′-双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)多硫化物,例如3,3′-双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物(TESPT)、对应的二硫化物、或者具有从1至8个硫原子的硫化物的混合物,其中这些不同硫化物具有不同含量。举例而言,还可以将TESPT以与工业炭黑(来自赢创工业的商标名称X50S)的混合物的形式进行添加。还可以使用例如从WO99/09036中已知的封端的巯基硅烷作为硅烷偶联剂。还有可能使用在WO2008/083241A1、WO2008/083242A1、WO2008/083243A1、以及WO2008/083244A1中描述的硅烷。通过举例,可能使用美国迈图高新材料(MomentivePerformance Materials)公司以各种形式作为NXT销售的硅烷、或由赢创工业作为VP Si363销售的硅烷。
该胎体橡胶混合物还以可包含,除了炭黑和高分散性硅石之外,其它填充剂例如其它硅石,铝硅酸盐,白垩,淀粉,氧化镁,二氧化钛或橡胶凝胶体。
该胎体橡胶混合物包含一种粘合体系。使用橡胶-织物粘合的粘合体系或者橡胶-金属粘合的粘合体系取决于该胎体橡胶混合物是用于织物或是金属增强件。
在本发明的优选实施例中,该胎体包含金属增强件。举例而言,金属增强件用作商用车辆轮胎中的胎体材料。裂口行为的改进在金属增强件的情况下具有特别有利的效果,因为在粘合损失及裂口的情况下这增加了对腐蚀暴露,结果对充气车辆轮胎的寿命造成严重损害。
如果该胎体橡胶混合物用于金属增强件的胶化,特别是钢丝帘线,优选使用一种钢丝帘线粘合体系,该体系基于有机钴盐和增强树脂和大于2.5phr的硫。
所述有机钴盐的通常用量为从0.2至2phr。能够使用的钴盐的实例为硬脂酸钴、硼酸钴、硼酸烷酸钴、环烷酸钴、玫瑰酸钴、辛酸钴、己二酸钴等。能够使用的增强树脂为间苯二酚-甲醛树脂,例如间苯二酚-六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺树脂(HMMM)或间苯二酚-六亚甲基四胺树脂(HEXA),或者改性酚醛树脂,例如产品。还可以使用间苯二酚树脂的预缩合物。
在本发明的有利实施例中,该胎体橡胶混合物包含小于15phr的加工助剂,其中这指的是油和其它降低粘度的物质。举例而言,所述加工助剂可以为增塑剂油或增塑剂树脂。已经发现,当与常规混合物对比时,所添加的用以改进混合物的混合、挤出和压延的加工助剂的量能够被大大减小并且本发明的混合物在适中粘度下显示出良好的可加工性能并且所述硫化橡胶显示出良好的动态力学特性。
该橡胶混合物中能够存在的其它附加物质为常规重量份数的其它常规添加材料,例如硫化促进剂、硫化延迟剂、氧化锌以及抗氧化剂。
该胎体橡胶混合物被常规地生产,首先通常在一个或多个混合阶段中生产一种母体混合物,该母体混合物包含除固化体系(硫和影响固化的物质)之外的所有组分,并且然后通过加入固化体系来生产最终混合物。然后进一步处理该混合物。
该胎体橡胶混合物能够用于胶化织物胎体或金属胎体。然而,优选用于胶化商用车辆轮胎的钢丝帘线胎体。
具体实施方式
现在将参照编辑在表1中的对比实例和本发明实例对本发明更详细地进行说明。
在这些表中的所有混合物实例中,所述定量数据是基于100重量份的总橡胶重量的重量份数(phr)。所述对比混合物表示为“对比”以及本发明的胎体用橡胶混合物表示为“本”。混合物对比(1)为基于混有低硅石含量的炭黑/硅石的钢丝胎体的胎体橡胶混合物;混合物对比(2)为钢丝胎体的含纯炭黑的胎体橡胶混合物。相比之下,混合物“本”(3)包含仅55phr量的VN3硅石。混合物“本”(4)包含60phr量的1165MP高分散性硅石。调节所述混合物中硫和促进剂的量,从而所述混合物具有可比较的300%模量。
混合物的生产在常规条件下在多个阶段中在实验室规模的切向混合机中进行。使用所有的混合物通过在160℃在压力下20分钟的固化生产了多个试验样品,并且在以下所述的试验方法中确定所述材料的橡胶行业的典型特性。
·根据DIN53505在室温下的肖氏A硬度
·按照DIN53512在室温和70℃下的回弹性
·根据DIN53504在室温下的拉伸强度
·根据DIN53504在室温下的断裂伸长率
·根据DIN53504在室温下在50%和300%伸长率下的模量
·根据DIN53504在拉伸测试中确定的断裂能量密度,其中该断裂能量密度是所需断裂能量除以样品的体积
·根据DIN53513作为来自动态力学测量的伸长率扫描范围上的最大值在55℃的损失因数tanδmax
借助于“撕裂疲劳分析仪”(TFA),所述混合物还关于它们的动态耐久性进行表征。典型的测试步骤举例而言在橡胶-胶质-塑料45(12),1064ff(1992)中描述。目前的结果是用30/5Hz的脉冲负荷以及从5%至8%的动态伸长率实现的。该评估确定引入100k周期的寿命的可能能量。
还进行了疲劳开裂耐受性测试,基于经历在104±8min-1频率下的连续重复的伸长周期的哑铃形样品断裂前的负荷循环次数,通过23℃下68%伸长率下的Monsanto疲劳至失效测试仪(缩写为:FTF)测定。
此外,具有钢丝胎体的315/70R22.5商用车辆轮胎提供有混合物对比(1)、对比(2)和本(3)作为该胎体的胶化混合物,并且在内部测试装置上38℃的恒定环境温度下测试轮胎耐久性。典型的测试步骤包括逐步增加负荷直至轮胎失效。
表1
a高顺式聚丁二烯
从裂口和裂纹扩展值,对于粘合,以及对于鼓运行时间可知,当该混合物用作胎体橡胶混合物时,可以实现明显更长的轮胎寿命。还实现具有155m2/g的CTAB数的高分散性硅石的更好结果。
Claims (9)
1.一种充气车辆轮胎,该充气车辆轮胎具有径向胎体并且包含一种硫可交联的橡胶混合物,该橡胶混合物包含
-从70phr到100phr(重量份,在混合物中所有橡胶的重量为100份的基础上)的天然橡胶,
-最多达30phr的至少一种聚丁二稀,
-最多达15phr的至少一种炭黑,
-从20phr至100phr的至少一种硅石,
-至少一种硅烷偶联剂以及
-一种粘合体系,
其特征在于,该橡胶混合物为胎体橡胶混合物并且依据ASTM D3765该硅石具有的CTAB数大于100m2/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该至少一种聚丁二烯选自具有大于按重量计95%的顺式含量的聚丁二烯或者功能化的Li-聚丁二烯。
3.根据权利要求1或2根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该充气车辆轮胎包含从40至80phr的硅石。
4.根据权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,依据ASTM D3765,该硅石具有的CTAB数大于130m2/g。
5.根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该硅石为一种高分散性硅石。
6.根据权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该胎体包含金属增强件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该粘合体系为一种钢丝帘线粘合体系,该体系基于有机钴盐和增强树脂和大于2.5phr的硫。
8.根据权利要求1至7的至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该橡胶混合物包含小于15phr的加工助剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8中至少一项所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该充气车辆轮胎为一种商用车辆轮胎。
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Also Published As
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JP5933718B2 (ja) | 2016-06-15 |
US9233578B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
DE102011053451A1 (de) | 2013-03-14 |
US20140166181A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
WO2013034369A1 (de) | 2013-03-14 |
RU2604618C2 (ru) | 2016-12-10 |
RU2014113390A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
JP2014526568A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
BR112014004069A2 (pt) | 2017-03-14 |
ES2563327T3 (es) | 2016-03-14 |
EP2753476B1 (de) | 2015-12-09 |
EP2753476A1 (de) | 2014-07-16 |
IN2014DN00074A (zh) | 2015-05-15 |
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