CN103755482B - A kind of method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus - Google Patents
A kind of method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus, comprise (S1100) and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 70 ~ 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 8 ~ 15 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 2 ~ 8 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 ~ 10 weight parts and 2 ~ 10 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.The method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus provided by the invention at least can cultivate the bisporous mushroom meeting green food safety standards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivating method of a kind of bisporous mushroom of technical field of edible fungi production, particularly relate to a kind of method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus.
Background technology
Bisporous mushroom Agaricus bisporus, also known as two spore mushroom, Twospore Mushroom, drafts a document rotten fungi.Because of its delicious flavour, be of high nutritive value, there is peculiar food therapy health effect, thus become worldwide edible mushrooms.Bisporous mushroom is the edible mushrooms kind ranked first in world's edible mushrooms output at present, accounts for about 40% of edible mushrooms ultimate production.The artificial cultivating agaricus bisporus of China with a long history, produces area and ranks first in the world, and development Twospore Mushroom is produced has become the mainstay industry that some areas promote Practices Sustainable Increasing Income of Farmers.In recent years, developed country successively drops into a large amount of manpower, financial resources, industrialization, large-scale planting bisporous mushroom.But, the current bisporous mushroom cultivation of China is still based on peasant family workshop, industrialization level is lower, and major part plantation family still adopts nature planting type, produces and too disperses, cultivation level is uneven, working condition is poor, and production technology is lack of standardization, even if part have employed facility cultivation, its cultivation management technology does not match yet, and has had a strong impact on Dual Mushroom mushroom yield per unit and has improved and increased quality.Input use management is not tight, in order to reduce costs, reduce and dropping into, and often uses chemical fertilizer inferior, agricultural chemicals and other trace element, even adds white dyes, cause quality product defective, have a strong impact on consumers in general's edible safety.
Therefore, desirable to provide a kind of bisporous mushroom cultivating method that can improve food safety.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of method of the novel yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus at least partially that can solve the problem.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method of yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus, comprise step:
S1100 prepares culture material step: provide culture material, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 70 ~ 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 8 ~ 15 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 2 ~ 8 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 ~ 10 weight parts and 2 ~ 10 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, comprise S1200 fermentation step further: in the first stage of described fermentation step, the described culture material stirred is fermented in booth, leavening temperature is 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, fermentation time is 3 days ~ 5 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate;
Subordinate phase after stage, the temperature of described culture material is down to 48 DEG C ~ 52 DEG C, keeps 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 65% ~ 70%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.2 ~ 7.5, described Compost fermentation step terminates.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, comprise S1300 further and sow step: the described culture material obtained by S1200 fermentation step moves in mushroom canopy, sows in culture material by described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering;
S1400 manages mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 22 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, humid control is 65% ~ 80%, continues 10 days ~ 15 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia;
Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 20 ~ 30 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates; And
After S1500 earthing step: S1400 manages mushroom canopy step, at the surperficial earthing of described culture material, thickness of earth covering is 1 centimetre ~ 2 centimetres; After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 14 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, humid control is 80% ~ 90%.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, S1300 sows in step, the described culture material that described S1200 fermentation step obtains is moved in mushroom canopy, sow in culture material by described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification, the consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 750g ~ 1000g, wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, in S1500 earthing step, earthing material used is peat soil.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, in S1500 earthing step, unslaked lime is spread on the ground being included in described mushroom canopy further, and the thickness of the described unslaked lime that described ground is spread is 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, comprise S1600 after S1500 earthing step further and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 83% ~ 90%.
Bisporous mushroom cultivating method provided by the invention at least can cultivate the bisporous mushroom meeting food safety requirements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading hereafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantage and benefit will become cheer and bright for those of ordinary skill in the art.Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of preferred implementation, and does not think limitation of the present invention.And in whole accompanying drawing, represent identical parts by identical reference symbol.Wherein in the accompanying drawings, the multiple identical parts of alphabetic flag instruction after reference number, when making a general reference these parts, by its last alphabetic flag of omission.In the accompanying drawings:
What Fig. 1 showed a preferred embodiment of the invention uses yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom.
Embodiment
The invention provides many applicable creative concepts, this creative concept can be reflected in a large number of in concrete context.The specific embodiment described in following embodiments of the present invention only as the exemplary illustration of the specific embodiment of the present invention, and does not form limitation of the scope of the invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom is used according to Fig. 1, first enter S1100 and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 70 ~ 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 8 ~ 15 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 2 ~ 8 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 ~ 10 weight parts and 2 ~ 10 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.
Yak is the peculiar ox kind of extremely frigid zones, phytophage ruminant domestic animal.Yak is the Mammals living in height above sea level highest point in the world.Mainly originate in Chinese Qinghai-Tibet height above sea level more than 3000 meters area.Adapt to high and cold ecological condition, resistance to thick, endure hardships, be apt to away danger road, abrupt slope, snow mountain marsh, can river torrent of crossing a river be swum, have the title of " yak ".Yak whole body is all precious.People drink yak milk, eat Carnis Bovis grunniens, burn yak dung.Its hair can tailoring or tent, and skin is the good material of process hides.It both can be used for agro-farming, again can at high original work transportation means.Grassland, Qinghai-Tibet Platean is with plenty of water and lush grass, and in groups, particularly yak population is huge for cattle and sheep, adds the custom of locality " ahimsa ", and everywhere, local herdsman, except for doing except fuel, there is no exploitation to yak dung.Therefore, use yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus, produce biological organic complex fertilizer with tankage, development organic farm products is turned waste into wealth, the good method of developing agricultural recycling economy, and contribute to low-carbon economy.
Highland barley is a kind of cereal crop of Gramineae Hordeum, and because shell coetonium in it is separated, seed is exposed, therefore also known as hull-less barley, highland barley, meter great Mai.Mainly originate from the ground such as Tibet, China, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, be the main food of Tibetan people, have medicinal and nutritive value widely.Stalk is the general name of ripe farm crop cauline leaf (fringe) part.Be often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane and other farm crop remainder after results seed.Highland barley stalk is the remainder after highland barley results seed, and highland barley stalk has thicker fiber, thus is beneficial to fermentable in culture material.
Unslaked lime, is the natural rock of calcium carbonate by main component, calcines at moderate temperatures, after getting rid of the carbonic acid gas that decomposites, gained be main component with calcium oxide (CaO) product is lime, also known as unslaked lime.Described unslaked lime may be used for the potential of hydrogen regulating described culture material.
Oil cake, the class fertilizer made with the residue of seed after squeezing is deoiled that various oil composition is more, as rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake, peanut cake etc., i.e. oil cake, cake fertilizer.There is in oil cake more mineral substance and protein, thus provide nutrient for culture material.
Biological organic complex fertilizer, generally based on organic substance, coordinate a small amount of chemical fertilizer, carry out scientific matching according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of farm crop and fertilizer properties, with biological " activator " perfect combination, except containing except the medium trace element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macronutrient and calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, boron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, also containing large amount of organic matter, humic acid material and fertilizer conservation synergistic agent, nutrient is complete, and speed is slow helps mutually, fertilizer is balanced, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting.
Preferably, biological organic complex fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises organic matter 45%, npk nutrient 5%-6% by percentage to the quality, and effective living organism bacterium is greater than 2,000 ten thousand units/gram, 40 kilograms of dresses.Use biological organic complex fertilizer provided by the present invention can improve the fertility of yak dung, thus improve the output of bisporous mushroom.
Alternatively, described biological organic complex fertilizer comprises the animal dung 15-20%, humic acids 50-55%, organic ammonium 15-20%, ground phosphate rock 10-15%, potash fertilizer 3-5%, microbial bacteria 2-3%, the micro-0.5-1% that measure by weight percentage.
Each composition role is below described:
1, animal dung: animal dung comprises animal manure and the large class of brid guano two.Livestock fecaluria refers to the movement of the raise livestocks such as pig, horse, ox, sheep, and it contains abundant organic matter and various nutritive element.Brid guano is the movement of the poultry such as chicken, duck, goose, and it contains abundant organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrition.Animal dung is after fermentable, and Xiang Benfei provides abundant organic matter and nutritive element.
2, humic acid: humic acid is animals and plants remains, through decomposition and the conversion of microorganism, and a series of chemical process and the type organic matter that accumulates.It is the polymeric organic acid be made up of aromatic series and the multiple functional group such as hydroxyl, carboxyl thereof, has the function such as good physiologically active and absorption, complexing, exchange, plays the effect of improvement Soil structure, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, raising fertilizer comprehensive utilization ratio.It and inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element complexing form ammonium humate, humic acid phosphorus, potassium humate, are the important components of organic fertilizer.
3, organic ammonium, ground phosphate rock, potash fertilizer: provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition, they and humic acid complexing form ammonium humate, humic acid phosphorus, potassium humate, are the important components of organic fertilizer.
4, microbial bacteria: bacillus laterosporus (Bacillus Laterosporus), Bacillus subtillis (Bacillus Subtilis), these two kinds of microbial bacterias survive in microorganism organic fertilizer with statospore form, have high temperature resistant, resistance to salinity, resistance to ridity unique effects.Microbial bacteria produces the organic matter in a large amount of extracellular enzyme decomposition soil after entering soil-grown breeding, directly provide nutrition to crop; Meta-bolites not only can stimulate plant growth, and can also play prevention and elimination of disease and pests; A large amount of beneficial microorganisms occupies advantage at crop rhizosphere ecosystem, harmful microorganism is played to the effect of " Competitive assays ", helps crop robust growth.
Described biological organic complex fertilizer is realized by following three step technical schemes:
The preparation method of bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus subtillis spore powder
1.1 primary inclined plane are cultivated: inclined-plane Side spore genus bacillus, subtilis being inoculated into PDA substratum is cultivated after 24 hours and made bacteria suspension for 30 DEG C.
1.2 secondary seeds are cultivated: the inoculum size of 1% is by the bacterial suspension inoculation for preparing in PDA liquid nutrient medium in proportion, and (shaking table revolution is 160 revs/min) is cultivated in concussion, cultivate 48-72 hour for 25-30 DEG C.
The preparation of 1.3 spore powder: be sprayed on carrier by cultured seed liquor, less than 80 DEG C bake dryings package spare.Detect Number of spores, containing gemma number 50-180 hundred million/gram.
2, the preparation method of humic acid organic fertilizer material
2.1 raw materials prepare:
2.1.1 animal dung: refer in particular to yak dung and dehydrate.
2.1.2 stalk: be ground into the straw powder that length is 0.5-2 centimetre.
2.1.3 humic acid: refer in particular to Peat Humic Acid crusher and break up drying, be ground into 60-80 order with roller mill, drying for standby.
2.2 preparation of raw material: animal dung 30-35%, humic acid 65-70%, add high temperature enzymatic microorganism, measure batching by weight percentage and mix thoroughly, regulate moisture content in 55-60% scope, ferment to fermenter.
2.3 fermentations: will get above-mentioned each material ready and put into fermenter, machinery turns over throwing, with opening material, increase amount of oxygen.One time fermentation requirement 12-15 days, fermentation top temperature must reach 65-75 DEG C of degree.Secondary Fermentation adopts to concentrate stores up 20-30 days micro-aerobe fermentations, and temperature controls at 48-52 DEG C of degree.
2.4 to dry, pulverize: by the material that fully ferments through tunnel kiln drying, temperature controls below 80 DEG C of degree, and water content control, within the scope of 10-15%, pulverizes and sieves, and fineness reaches 40-60 order, for subsequent use.
3, humic acid bio-organic fertilizer preparation
The Side spore genus bacillus prepared, Bacillus globigii spores powder (weight ratio 1:1) are added in organic fertilizer in the ratio of 0.05-0.1%, ensure that total viable count reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand/gram, each bacterium number of viable reaches more than 1,000 ten thousand/gram, fully mix thoroughly under forced-ventilated stirrer, canned one-tenth commercial humic acid biological organic fertilizer.
Described biological organic complex fertilizer is humic acid bio-organic fertilizer.
In biological organic complex fertilizer, mentioned microorganism bacterium is to Compost fermentation, and it is most important to be decomposed into the required available nutrient of bisporous mushroom growth.
Then S1200 fermentation step is entered: in the first stage of described fermentation step, the described culture material stirred is fermented in booth, leavening temperature is 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, and fermentation time is 3 days ~ 5 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate.Subordinate phase after stage, the temperature of described culture material is down to 48 DEG C ~ 52 DEG C, keeps 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 65% ~ 70%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.2 ~ 7.5, described Compost fermentation step terminates.
The composition of booth does skeleton with materials such as bamboo rod, cement pole, light steel tube or tubing, makes column, pull bar, arch bar and depression bar, covered with plastic film and become the material shed of arch-shaped.The area that plastic greenhouse generally covers is 1-3 mu, convenient management.But the large-area covering of multiple canopy can be carried out.Because canopy height large inconvenience straw screen or mat carries out cold-proof, and carry out interior cold-proof in canopy with multilayer film, the temperature in canopy is mainly from solar radiation.Main production season is spring, summer, autumn.The strong crop of some winter hardiness can be planted in the area of winter temperature more than-15 DEG C, or with stove carry out provisional supplement heat.Because in its canopy type ratio, hut is tall and big, is different from again the building structure in greenhouse, therefore is called booth.
Preferably, the pH value of described culture material is adjusted with unslaked lime.
Adopted method of fermenting in S1200 fermentation step is the vexed canopy of high temperature, refers in the summer fallow phase, seals booth with plastics film, under strong illumination, to make in booth rapid temperature increases to more than 60 ~ 70 degree, and keep certain hour, utilize high temperature to carry out sterilization and disinfection to booth.The core of the vexed canopy of high temperature is to improve the gentle ground temperature of canopy, thus conscientiously reaches the object killing disease worm weeds.
Enter S1300 subsequently and sow step: the described culture material obtained by S1200 fermentation step moves in mushroom canopy, sows in culture material by described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering.The consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 750g ~ 1000g, and wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.
Bisporous mushroom bacterial classification, refers to bisporous mushroom cultivation strain.
The place of bisporous mushroom cultivated by mushroom canopy, normally the buildings of lucifuge or structures.
Mulch film and covered ground film, normally transparent or black PE film, also has green, silver thin film, for covered ground, to improve the soil moisture, keep soil moisture, maintain Soil structure, prevent the disease etc. that pest attacks crop and certain micro-organisms cause, the function of Promoting plant growth.Mulch film looks thin layer, but effect is quite large.Can not only improve ground temperature, water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation improve fertilizer efficiency, and also have weed eradication, diseases prevention worm, take precautions against drought waterlogging-resistant, press down salt keep a full stand of seedings, improve light and heat condition near the ground, make the multiple functions such as product hygiene.For the seedling that those have just been unearthed, have that mulch is short longly waits effect, the factor of the restriction agricultural developments such as short of rain for China Tibet region, arid poor ridge, frostless season are short, also has very strong specific aim and suitability.
Preferably, during sowing, with mushroom canopy temperature 22 DEG C-25 DEG C, material temperature is advisable at 24 DEG C-26 DEG C, is the highlyest no more than 28 DEG C, after planting should check material temperature every day, burn bacterial classification to death with high temperature-proof.
Preferably, the charge level of culture material is first arranged before sowing.Bed of material became uneven, charge level is uneven, and is to cause to send out bacterium degree varies, thus causes the native speed of string to differ, until the first cause that fruiting is irregular.So bed of material arrangement must be carried out prior to seeding, reach thickness consistent.
First also will to check in material with or without ammonia and mite class before sowing: ammonia sterilization, acarid eats bacterium, and this is two big scourges must removed before sowing.
Check the precision test paper of ammonia pH5.5-9, be placed on the material defect subspaces dug at any time, must not culture material be encountered around.If pH value shows have ammonia to exist more than 8,2% formaldehyde can be sprayed except it; If pH value is greater than 9, show ammonia weight, not on your life, can spill 50 ~ 80 jin of calcium superphosphate fine powders by each hundred square metres, then stirring flattens charge level again, eliminate ammonia, because ammonia is many must hinder bacterium, also easy long terrible umbrella, must eliminate.
Check that mite class can be laid on place's charge level with film, through 1 hours, whether check on film with acarid.If found that there is, the pyrethrin of 1000 times or the Cypermethrin of 3000 ~ 5000 times can be sprayed, seal 24 hours.
Preferably, bacterial classification prepares to comprise: by the outside of seed bottle 0.2% potassium permanganate solution (or 3% chlorinated lime or 0.1% Kemeiling) scrub repeatedly, and after it soaks tampon, extract with tweezers.Then bottle is broken, remove glass dregs carefully.First remove the upper cap bed of material, then bacterial classification is crumbed, can not rub, single wheat can't be pinched into, also can not damage the epidermis mycelia on wheat.Then put into the washbowl of having sterilized, the used time catches gently.
During sowing, first be spread out on charge level by 70% of bacterial classification, must be even, culture material is shaken gently with iron fork or bamboo point, make kernel culture fall into the bed of material (being equivalent to top layer mixed seeding) of 3 ~ 5 cm thicks, the bacterial classification of 30% of remainder is spread out on charge level, flaps gently with plank, make bacterial classification be close to charge level, bacterial classification can not be allowed to make somebody a mere figurehead.Newspaper (squirting with 0.5% formaldehyde in advance) or mulch film is covered, in case material is dry in the place easily dry near door curtain and ventilation opening etc.Expect slightly dry person, available membrane covering 3 ~ 5 days, take off after sprouting field planting.
After planting compacting had both made bacterial classification contact closely with material gently, air permeable humidity retaining again.The wet light pressure of material, expect that slightly dry person can appropriate weight (preferably spraying 0.5% liming in advance mends wet), late planting, appropriate weight, so as moisturizing, insulation.
Application rate size is relevant with output.What application rate was large suitably should broadcast lower floor goes (being abroad mixed seeding entirely, because all use the Secondary Fermentation of standard), the mixed seeding of 2/1 to three/2nds bed of materials; Surface can not be concentrated on absolutely, to prevent close mushroom, coccus and dead mushroom.Increase application rate, add mixed seeding, can output be improved.
Next enter S1400 and manage mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 22 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, humid control is 65% ~ 80%, continues 10 days ~ 15 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia; Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 20 ~ 30 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates.
The basic front cover of mycelia, namely culture material surface covers with mycelia.
Mycelia is dealt into the end, and namely mycelia is from culture material surface growth to bottom surface, all covers with culture material.
In after planting 2 ~ 3 days, based on moisturizing in mushroom canopy (room), trace is ventilative is auxiliary, can't be not ventilative, and door and window, breather hole etc. can be half-open, open less and cover more, and ventilation hole can be hung straw screen or mat or block, and accomplish that moisturizing is breathed freely again.Close door and window, closely airtightly easily cause hot and humid and bring out miscellaneous bacteria.Therefore, canopy temperature is advisable with 22 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, humid control is 65% ~ 80%, material temperature 24 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C as well, make bacterial classification sprout as early as possible.
After planting 4 ~ 6 days, mycelia started culture material of growing into, should based on ventilation, and little ventilation is auxiliary, suitably increases ventilation, promoted that mycelia is to growth in material, prevents miscellaneous bacteria from growing.To check that bacterial classification survives situation (if not surviving of having can after-culture) and bed surface miscellaneous bacteria situation simultaneously.Find that Mucor is wanted stronger ventilation, reduces atmospheric moisture, controls development; Find that there is green mold point, can spread out on mildew by the three-in-one clay coating of lime, clay and chlorinated lime, control it and spread and propagate.In order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria from growing, sowing after three days, 0.1% Kemeiling or 0.5% formaldehyde solution can be sprayed aloft.
Within after planting 7 ~ 15 days, in order to send out bacterium animated period, it is main that Ying Yi little ventilates, and large ventilation is auxiliary, impels mycelia to grow in length and breadth fast, sends out foot and sends out strong mycelia.If grow unhappy, available iron fork suitably prizes material, increases ventilation property, promotes mycelial growth.When mycelial growth is to the bed of material two/for the moment, generally carry out sled material, to accelerate to send out bacterium speed.
Within after planting 35 ~ 45 days, send out the bacterium later stage for culture material, when mycelia grows to the bed of material 2/3rds, timely earthing." late one day of earthing, late ten days of fruiting ", mushroom farmer's proverb language must be believed.But can not act with undue haste, if bed of material mycelia does not just send out earthing in a hurry, although fruiting early, output is not high, so in good time earthing is most important.
And then enter S1500 earthing step: after (S1400) manages mushroom canopy step, at the surperficial earthing of described culture material, thickness of earth covering is 1 centimetre ~ 2 centimetres.After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 14 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, humid control is 80% ~ 90%.
Wherein, the material that earthing is used is peat soil.
Peat soil, refers to that due to long-term ponding, aquatic vegetation is dense in some fluviolacustrine deposit low plain and mountain valley, and under anaerobic conditions, the insufficient plant residue of a large amount of decomposition accumulates and forms the soil of peat bed.Peatlands with can being divided into sphagnum peat with marsh peat ground, the key distinction of this two classes peatlands is the condition difference that peatlands is formed.Peat soil keeps ventilative comparatively strong with the ability of water holding, can improve the output of bisporous mushroom.
Unslaked lime is spread on the ground being included in described mushroom canopy further, and the thickness of the described unslaked lime that described ground is spread is 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre.The described unslaked lime spread on the ground is in order to prevention and elimination of disease and pests, only does the sterilization of secondary fermentation and earthing well, just can prevent the generation of disease and pest.
Alternatively, the ground of described mushroom canopy is sprayed the SD-1750 of a time 0.5%, or the liming of 1 ~ 5% is sprayed in aisle.
Finally enter S1600 and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 83% ~ 90%
Sporophore (fruiting body, sporocarp, fructification) is the product spore structure of higher fungi, i.e. sporocarp, and the mycelium by systematism forms.Basidioma is again, whistle cystocarp again in ascomycetes in basidiomycetes.No matter be syngenesis or monogony, no matter structure is simple or complicated, all claims its conidial fructification to be sporophore.
Cultivating water (fruitingwater) is mushroom-cultivating term.After former kip is all over the mushroom flower bud forming mung bean, soya bean (0.4-0.7cm) size, to respray moisture to tectum interval, to promote growing of sporophore, and then fruiting.
After spraying " knot mushroom water ", stop-spraying 2 ~ 3 days, push the white point (small mushroom bud) that upper strata fine earth can see many grain of rice sizes aside, when there is a large amount of fine hair mycelia in fine earth seam simultaneously, suitably will spray cultivating water, every square metre of water spray 0.9kg at every turn, continuous 2 ~ 3 days, increase fine earth humidity (after water spray, fine earth is shinny, slightly sticky hand), also make thick native top obtain sufficient moisture simultaneously, a large amount of mushroom flower buds is impelled to be formed between the thickness soil that humidity is larger, and the fine hair mycelia transverse growth during fine earth is stitched, form wire mycelia, for lower batch of fruiting lays the first stone.
This preparation method has substantial feature and significant progress relative to prior art:
First, present method adopts yak dung to be raw material, be aided with and add highland barley stalk, unslaked lime, biological organic fertilizer, carry out high temperature and stack fermentation, not only solve plateau temperature low, microbial activities is slow, weak, and fermentation is difficult, the not thorough problem of fermentation, also make the bisporous mushroom of cultivating meet the requirement of food safety, become green, Organic food.Secondly, because yak is natural putting in a suitable place to breed, substantially wild state is in, do not feed processing feed, by prairiedir weeds, the natural crude drugs of looking for food, its ight soil is mainly Gramineae fiber, be rich in N P and K and protein, sufficient nutrient can not only be provided for bisporous mushroom cultivation, and wide material sources, thus reduce the cultivation cost of bisporous mushroom.
Further, present method adopts ventilative, the good peat soil earthing of retentiveness, for bisporous mushroom builds good growing environment, thus improves the output of bisporous mushroom.
Finally, use yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus, produce biological organic complex fertilizer with tankage, development organic farm products, be turn waste into wealth, the good method of developing agricultural recycling economy, major contribution has been made to low-carbon economy.
Embodiment 1
Yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom is used according to Fig. 1, first enter S1100 and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 70 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 8 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 2 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 weight parts and 2 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.Then enter S1200 fermentation step: in the first stage of described fermentation step, fermented by the described culture material stirred in booth, leavening temperature is 70 DEG C, and fermentation time is 5 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate; Subordinate phase after stage, is down to 48 DEG C by the temperature of described culture material, and keep 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 65%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.2, described Compost fermentation step terminates.Enter S1300 subsequently and sow step: described culture material is moved in mushroom canopy, described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is sowed in culture material, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering.The consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 750g, and wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.Next enter S1400 and manage mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 22 DEG C, humid control is 65%, continues 10 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia; Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 20 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates.And then enter S1500 earthing step: after planting about 15 days, when mycelia covers with the cultivation bed of material substantially, soil or other materials are covered and cultivates bed of material surface.Wherein, the material that earthing is used is peat soil.Thickness of earth covering is 1 centimetre.After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 14 DEG C, humid control is 80%.It is 0.5 centimetre of unslaked lime that the ground of described mushroom canopy is spread thickness.Finally enter S1600 and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 83%.
Embodiment 2
Yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom is used according to Fig. 1, first enter S1100 and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 15 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 8 weight parts, the oil cake of 10 weight parts and 10 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.Then enter S1200 fermentation step: in the first stage of described fermentation step, fermented by the described culture material stirred in booth, leavening temperature is 80 DEG C, and fermentation time is 3 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate; Subordinate phase after stage, is down to 52 DEG C by the temperature of described culture material, and keep 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 70%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.5, described Compost fermentation step terminates.Enter S1300 subsequently and sow step: described culture material is moved in mushroom canopy, described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is sowed in culture material, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering.The consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 1000g, and wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.Next enter S1400 and manage mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 28 DEG C, humid control is 80%, continues 15 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia; Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 30 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates.And then enter S1500 earthing step: after planting about 15 days, when mycelia covers with the cultivation bed of material substantially, soil or other materials are covered and cultivates bed of material surface.Wherein, the material that earthing is used is peat soil.Thickness of earth covering is 2 centimetres.After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 18 DEG C, humid control is 90%.It is 1 centimetre of unslaked lime that the ground of described mushroom canopy is spread thickness.Finally enter S1600 and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 90%.
Embodiment 3
Yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom is used according to Fig. 1, first enter S1100 and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 10 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 3 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 weight parts and 2 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.Then enter S1200 fermentation step: in the first stage of described fermentation step, fermented by the described culture material stirred in booth, leavening temperature is 75 DEG C, and fermentation time is 4 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate; Subordinate phase after stage, is down to 50 DEG C by the temperature of described culture material, and keep 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 68%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.3, described Compost fermentation step terminates.Enter S1300 subsequently and sow step: described culture material is moved in mushroom canopy, described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is sowed in culture material, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering.The consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 850g, and wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.Next enter S1400 and manage mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 25 DEG C, humid control is 75%, continues 12 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia; Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 25 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates.And then enter S1500 earthing step: after planting about 15 days, when mycelia covers with the cultivation bed of material substantially, soil or other materials are covered and cultivates bed of material surface.Wherein, the material that earthing is used is peat soil.Thickness of earth covering is 1.5 centimetres.After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 15 DEG C, humid control is 88%.It is 0.7 centimetre of unslaked lime that the ground of described mushroom canopy is spread thickness.Finally enter S1600 and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 85%.
Embodiment 4
Yak dung method for cultivating bisporous mushroom is used according to Fig. 1, first enter S1100 and prepare culture material step: culture material is provided, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 75 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 10 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 6 weight parts, the oil cake of 6 weight parts and 6 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material.Then enter S1200 fermentation step: in the first stage of described fermentation step, fermented by the described culture material stirred in booth, leavening temperature is 72 DEG C, and fermentation time is 4 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate; Subordinate phase after stage, is down to 50 DEG C by the temperature of described culture material, and keep 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 66%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.2, described Compost fermentation step terminates.Enter S1300 subsequently and sow step: described culture material is moved in mushroom canopy, described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is sowed in culture material, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering.The consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 900g, and wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.Next enter S1400 and manage mushroom canopy step: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 26 DEG C, humid control is 66%, continues 17 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia; Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 25 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates.And then enter S1500 earthing step: after planting about 15 days, when mycelia covers with the cultivation bed of material substantially, soil or other materials are covered and cultivates bed of material surface.Wherein, the material that earthing is used is peat soil.Thickness of earth covering is 1.5 centimetres.After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 16 DEG C, humid control is 88%.It is 0.6 centimetre of unslaked lime that the ground of described mushroom canopy is spread thickness.Finally enter S1600 and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 87%.
It should be noted, the present invention will be described instead of limit the invention for above-described embodiment, and those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiment when not departing from the scope of claims.In the claims, any reference symbol between bracket should be configured to limitations on claims.Word " comprises " not to be got rid of existence and does not arrange element in the claims or step.Word "a" or "an" before being positioned at element is not got rid of and be there is multiple such element.Word first, second and third-class use do not represent any order.Can be title by these word explanations.
Claims (6)
1., by a method for yak dung cultivating agaricus bisporus, comprise step:
(S1100) culture material step is prepared: provide culture material, described culture material comprises the biological organic complex fertilizer of the yak dung of 70 ~ 80 weight parts, the highland barley stalk of 8 ~ 15 weight parts, the unslaked lime of 2 ~ 8 weight parts, the oil cake of 5 ~ 10 weight parts and 2 ~ 10 weight parts, is stirred by described culture material;
Comprise (S1200) fermentation step further: in the first stage of described fermentation step, the described culture material stirred is fermented in booth, leavening temperature is 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, and fermentation time is 3 days ~ 5 days, until the color from pale yellow of described culture material becomes chocolate;
Subordinate phase after stage, the temperature of described culture material is down to 48 DEG C ~ 52 DEG C, keeps 7 days, afterwards the water content of described culture material is adjusted to 65% ~ 70%, and the pH value of described culture material is adjusted to 7.2 ~ 7.5, described Compost fermentation step terminates.
2. method according to claim 1, comprises further:
(S1300) step is sowed: move in mushroom canopy by the described culture material that (S1200) fermentation step obtains, sow in culture material by described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification, after sowing, with culture material described in membrane covering;
(S1400) mushroom canopy step is managed: in the first stage of management mushroom canopy step, close the door of mushroom canopy, the temperature of described mushroom canopy controlled to be 22 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, humid control is 65% ~ 80%, continues 10 days ~ 15 days, until the basic front cover of mycelia;
Subordinate phase after stage, opens the door of mushroom canopy round the clock, and ventilate to strengthen mushroom canopy, continue 20 ~ 30 days, until mycelia is dealt into the end, described management mushroom canopy step terminates; And
(S1500) earthing step: after (S1400) manages mushroom canopy step, at the surperficial earthing of described culture material, thickness of earth covering is 1 centimetre ~ 2 centimetres; After earthing, control the temperature of described mushroom canopy at 14 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, humid control is 80% ~ 90%.
3. method according to claim 2, (S1300) sow in step, the described culture material that described (S1200) fermentation step obtains is moved in mushroom canopy, described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is sowed in culture material, the consumption of described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification is every square metre of 750g ~ 1000g, wherein, admix in described culture material by the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 70%, the described bisporous mushroom bacterial classification of 30% is sowed on the surface of described culture material.
4. method according to claim 3, in (S1500) earthing step, earthing material used is peat soil.
5. method according to claim 4, in (S1500) earthing step, unslaked lime is spread on the ground being included in described mushroom canopy further, and the thickness of the described unslaked lime that described ground is spread is 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre.
6. method according to claim 4, (S1500) comprise (S1600) after earthing step further and adjust mushroom canopy relative humidity step: after the sporophore of bisporous mushroom spray cultivating water, close the door of described mushroom canopy, the relative humidity of air in mushroom canopy is adjusted to 83% ~ 90%.
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| CN109122036A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-04 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of tea tree interplanting agaricus bisporus |
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| CN101397224A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-01 | 孟桂娟 | Straw-cultivated agaricus bisporus formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN102134169A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-07-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Technology for producing biological organic fertilizer by using dairy manure and straw |
| CN102450166A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 王超 | Planting method for agaricus bisporus and volvariella volvacea |
| CN102783354A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-11-21 | 东营瑞丰农业科技有限公司 | Efficient agaricus bisporus cultivating technology for cotton |
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| CN101397224A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-01 | 孟桂娟 | Straw-cultivated agaricus bisporus formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN102450166A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 王超 | Planting method for agaricus bisporus and volvariella volvacea |
| CN102134169A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-07-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Technology for producing biological organic fertilizer by using dairy manure and straw |
| CN102783354A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-11-21 | 东营瑞丰农业科技有限公司 | Efficient agaricus bisporus cultivating technology for cotton |
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