CN102783354A - Efficient agaricus bisporus cultivating technology for cotton - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of industrial cultivation of agaricus bisporus in an edible mushroom industry and particularly provides an efficient agaricus bisporus cultivating technology for cotton, which takes the cotton as a raw material, is low in price, low in production cost and high in benefit. The cotton is as the raw material; the material all in one piece for a given job comprises 35-40 tons of cotton; auxiliary materials comprise 15-20 cubic meters of chicken feces, 15-20 cubic meters of cattle feces, 500-1000 kg of cake fertilizer, 100 kilograms of urea, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 2 tons of gypsum; the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 28-30:1; the nitrogen content is greater than 1.5%; 130-140 cubic meters of finished materials can be prepared; the pre-wetting time is 4-5 days; and after four times of the same tunnel transfer operation, decomposition and composting are finished. After adoption of the efficient agaricus bisporus cultivating technology for the cotton, the problem of raw material supply lacks is solved, the cost can be saved, and the defect that the raw materials are increasingly scarce to cause rising price and enterprise production cost, and thus the healthy development of an enterprise is seriously hampered is overcome.

Description

The efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of cotton material

Technical field

Present technique belongs to edible mushroom industry Agaricus Bisporus factory culture field, the efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of especially a kind of cotton material.

Background technology

Prior art is wheat straw or straw corn stalk etc., and single use or mixing are used.A stockpile needs the 30-35 ton, prewets earlier.Elder generation mixes all auxiliary materials even, turns mixing then, and major ingredient and auxiliary material are mixed.After operation, material stack volume diminishes gradually, tentatively accomplish composts or fertilisers of cultivating decomposition, become thoroughly decomposed and transform.The mushroom room of factory culture is made up of mushroom room, bedstead, air-conditioning etc.Each mushroom room is furnished with an air-conditioning that can freeze and can heat, and is installed in the corridor outside the mushroom room.Enter the room from material and need 60 day time to the management end.The employed main raw material(s) of prior art processes is wheat straw, straw, corn stalk, and available resources is fewer and feweri.Main cause is that the area under cultivation of mushroom increases year by year, and a large amount of storage wheat straws of papermaking enterprise are greatly developed after the livestock breeding green grass or young crops storage to corn stalk, and a large amount of also fields of crops stalk when results.The result is that main raw material(s) is in short supply day by day, and price constantly raises up, and the production cost of enterprise is constantly raised, and is seriously restricting the sound development of enterprise.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention just provides a kind of cotton material raw material, and is cheap, the efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of the cotton material that reduces production costs, increases the benefit.Its technical scheme is: the efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of cotton material raw material are cotton material; A material all in one piece needs cotton material 35-40 ton, and auxiliary material needs chicken manure 15-20 cubic meter, cow dung 15-20 cubic meter, cake fertilizer 500-1000 kilogram, 100 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 2 tons in gypsum; C/N ratio 28-30: 1, nitrogen content is made finished product material 130-140 cubic meter greater than 1.5%; The time of prewetting is taken 4-5 days; Per three days commentaries on classics tunnels once in the one time fermentation process; Through after four same commentaries on classics tunnel operations, accomplish one time fermentation and finish, comprising prewets need altogether 18 day time accomplish to the decomposition of hard lignin part with become thoroughly decomposed degree; Water content when one time fermentation finishes is at 70-72%; Nitrogen content is greater than 1.6%, free ammonia content 0.3-0.4%, pH value 8-8.5.Secondary fermentation is regulated temperature and the oxygen and the gas concentration lwevel of material, and the average thick composts or fertilisers of cultivating of 1.6-2 rice approximately can be feeded one ton for 1.1-1.2 square metre; Secondary fermentation by charging, equipment operation, equilibrium temperature, pasteurization, constant temperature handle, each link of cooling discharge forms, after handling through 7-10 days secondary fermentation, the moisture of detection composts or fertilisers of cultivating 65-70%, nitrogen content more than 1.8%, pH value is below 7.5; The ammonia that produces in the one time fermentation process is fully changed into non-albumen nitrogen substance in the secondary fermentation process, become to be easy to the nutrition that absorbed by mushroom mycelium, and secondary fermentation finishes basically; Through 15-18 days time, mycelia just can grow composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation, the warm 23-27 degree of stable material; Mycelia is covered with soil layer and gets final product mycelium stimulation during by 7-8 days; Mycelium stimulation is to break up the soil layer that covers with mycelia equably again with toothed rake, rakes then, continues to keep the warm 23-27 degree of material; The interior mycelia of soil connects healing again after 2 days; The entering management of producing mushroom of can lowering the temperature is reduced to the 15-17 degree to mushroom room temperature, and lowering the temperature to begin to adopt mushroom in 11 days.Adopt after the above-mentioned technology, broken the restriction of traditional material to industry development, will bring following economic benefit and social benefit: 1, the most directly the beneficiary is an enterprise.From then on need not can when using new material, be a large amount of production cost of enterprise's saving again with (Agaricus Bisporus cultivation) of the same trade and other industries (papermaking, herding, straw-returning) contention Limited resources.Shandong wheat straw price per ton increases to 580-600 unit at present, and the straw price is also near 550 yuan.Have only 200-220 first and the price of cotton material is per ton.Contrast with wheat straw, price difference 380-400 per ton is first, does the stalk that a batch of material (a mushroom room) needs the 35-40 ton, can save cost 13000-16000 unit.With the present production capacity of my company, made a batch of material in per three days, can do 120 batches in material every year.Approximately can save about ten thousand yuan of cost 150-190, can alleviate the cost pressure of enterprise significantly.2, the social benefit of bringing thus is unable to estimate: at first be that other industry and then is benefited, lacked the competition of foster mushroom industry, can alleviate the raw material short supply state of other industry (papermaking, herding) greatly, help stablizing raw-material price.Most critical be income of the same trade, China is kind of a cotton big country, cotton aptitude source is quite abundant.And neither paper making raw material, the livestock of can not feeding.Material is harder, and field difficulty also is even also the field also influences and cultivates.Will discard a large amount of cotton material stalks every year, and the cotton grower burns cotton stalk what is more, removes and pile up.Both be unfavorable for environmental protection, increased disaster hidden-trouble again.Use cotton material cultivating agaricus bisporus to open up a new way for eliminating agricultural pollution.Do the planting information that provides according to the city cotton: plant cotton produces about 300 kilograms of cotton material stalks for every mu approximately.8,000 ten thousand mu of the long-term cultivated areas in the whole nation are produced 2,400 ten thousand tons of stalks approximately; 3,900,000 tons of stalks are produced in 1,300 ten thousand mu of our province plantations throughout the year approximately; Long-term 2860000 mu of the city produces 85.8 ten thousand mu of stalks approximately; Long-term 300000 mu of Guangrao is produced 90,000 tons of stalks approximately.Consume 35 tons of cotton materials with every batch of material and calculate, the annual stalk amount in Guangrao County just can be produced batch of material more than 2500.Come cultivating agaricus bisporus if take out half, need the production capacity of my company be enlarged ten times of ability and transform completion.For enterprise's extensive expansion in the future, stayed adequate space.If national cotton material major part is used for producing Agaricus Bisporus, will produce great pushing effect to this industry.The successful Application that this is technological also is the important breakthrough on world's Agaricus Bisporus cultivation history.

Embodiment

The efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of cotton material raw material are cotton material, and a material all in one piece needs cotton material 35-40 ton, and auxiliary material needs chicken manure 15-20 cubic meter, cow dung 15-20 cubic meter, cake fertilizer 500-1000 kilogram, 100 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 2 tons in gypsum; C/N ratio 28-30: 1, nitrogen content is made finished product material 130-140 cubic meter greater than 1.5%; The time of prewetting is taken 4-5 days; Per three days commentaries on classics tunnels once in the one time fermentation process; Through after four same commentaries on classics tunnel operations, accomplish one time fermentation and finish, comprising prewets need altogether 18 day time accomplish to the decomposition of hard lignin part with become thoroughly decomposed degree; Water content when one time fermentation finishes is at 70-72%; Nitrogen content is greater than 1.6%, free ammonia content 0.3-0.4%, pH value 8-8.5.Secondary fermentation is regulated temperature and the oxygen and the gas concentration lwevel of material, and the average thick composts or fertilisers of cultivating of 1.6-2 rice approximately can be feeded one ton for 1.1-1.2 square metre; Secondary fermentation by charging, equipment operation, equilibrium temperature, pasteurization, constant temperature handle, each link of cooling discharge forms, after handling through 7-10 days secondary fermentation, the moisture of detection composts or fertilisers of cultivating 65-70%, nitrogen content more than 1.8%, pH value is below 7.5; The ammonia that produces in the one time fermentation process is fully changed into non-albumen nitrogen substance in the secondary fermentation process, become to be easy to the nutrition that absorbed by mushroom mycelium, and secondary fermentation finishes basically; Through 15-18 days time, mycelia just can grow composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation, the warm 23-27 degree of stable material; Mycelia is covered with soil layer and gets final product mycelium stimulation during by 7-8 days; Mycelium stimulation is to break up the soil layer that covers with mycelia equably again with toothed rake, rakes then, continues to keep the warm 23-27 degree of material; The interior mycelia of soil connects healing again after 2 days; The entering management of producing mushroom of can lowering the temperature is reduced to the 15-17 degree to mushroom room temperature, and lowering the temperature to begin to adopt mushroom in 11 days.

Claims (2)

1. efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of cotton material; It is characterized in that: raw material are cotton material; A material all in one piece needs cotton material 35-40 ton, and auxiliary material needs chicken manure 15-20 cubic meter, cow dung 15-20 cubic meter, cake fertilizer 500-1000 kilogram, 100 kilograms in urea, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 2 tons in gypsum; C/N ratio 28-30: 1, nitrogen content is made finished product material 130-140 cubic meter greater than 1.5%; The time of prewetting is taken 4-5 days; Per three days commentaries on classics tunnels once in the one time fermentation process; Through after four same commentaries on classics tunnel operations, accomplish one time fermentation and finish, comprising prewets need altogether 18 day time accomplish to the decomposition of hard lignin part with become thoroughly decomposed degree; Water content when one time fermentation finishes is at 70-72%; Nitrogen content is greater than 1.6%, free ammonia content 0.3-0.4%, pH value 8-8.5.

2. the efficient Agaricus Bisporus culture technique of cotton material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: secondary fermentation is regulated temperature and the oxygen and the gas concentration lwevel of material, the average thick composts or fertilisers of cultivating of 1.6-2 rice; 1.1-1.2 square metre can feed one ton, secondary fermentation by charging, equipment operation, equilibrium temperature, pasteurization, constant temperature handle, each link of cooling discharge forms, after through 7-10 days secondary fermentation processing; The moisture that detects composts or fertilisers of cultivating 65-70%, nitrogen content more than 1.8%, pH value is below 7.5, the ammonia that produces in the one time fermentation process is fully changed into non-albumen nitrogen substance in the secondary fermentation process, become to be easy to the nutrition that absorbed by mushroom mycelium; Secondary fermentation finishes, and through 15-18 days time, mycelia just can grow composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation; The warm 23-27 degree of stable material, mycelia is covered with soil layer and gets final product mycelium stimulation during by 7-8 days, and mycelium stimulation is to break up the soil layer that covers with mycelia equably; Rake then; Continue to keep the warm 23-27 degree of material, the interior mycelia of soil connects healing, the entering management of producing mushroom of can lowering the temperature again after 2 days; Reduce to the 15-17 degree to mushroom room temperature, lowering the temperature to begin to adopt mushroom in 11 days.