CN103750013A - Animal feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses animal feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of ensilage, 10-25 parts of carrot, 3-20 parts of alkali grass, 5-20 parts of corn, 1-10 parts of acidified corn, 1-10 parts of wheat bran, 1-10 parts of wheat middling, 0.1-1 part of salt, 1-8 parts of extruded soybean, 1-8 parts of bean pulp, 1-8 parts of cottonseed cake, 0.1-0.8 part of bone meal, 0.1-1 part of fish meal, 1-10 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of microecologics and 0.1-1 part of rumen by-pass amino acid. The feed formula is reasonably matched, the rumen environment of the dairy cattle is regulated, the nutritive value of various components in the feed is fully exerted, the beneficial effects of improving the feed utilization rate, regulating the rumen function of the dairy cattle, improving the total milk production and lactoprotein content of dairy cows and relieving heat stress of cows are achieved, the animal feed is suitable for developing green and healthy cultivation, and pollution-free ruminant products are produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of milk cow forage that contains feeding micro-ecological preparation, acidifying corn and rumen-bypass amino acid.
Background technology
Current, milk industry is just becoming one of industry with fastest developing speed in China's animal husbandry.Summer fever stress bring harmful effect to dairy, and milk production of cow sharply reduces.Therefore,, for the output of milk under maintaining heat stressed condition, be necessary to keep the dietary protein of higher level.But it is always not useful to improve dietary protein level, too much nitrogen is discharged with form of urea with urine.Metabolism and hypereccritic daily ration nitrogen need energy, thereby produce extra metabolic nitrogen, and then improve the thermic load of body and the utilization of reduction daily ration N.
Milk cow, as other ruminants, has two primary demands to nutrition: the one, and the nutritional need of animal individual or body, another is the nutritional need of ruminant internal microorganism.Ruminant and the microorganism parasitizing in body are symbiosis, and ruminant provides food source and suitable living environment for microorganism, and microorganism is again for ruminant provides source of nutrition.The demand of milk cow as far as our knowledge goes to nutrition, should comprise the demand to nutriment, and the reaction of this kind of nutriment and other nutriments carrys out acting in conjunction in the normal biochemical reactions of body health and animal production, and the needs of internal microorganism, this is the most basic nutritional need of milk cow.
The feed of milk cow digestion is more, and the energy absorbing is just more, and the output of milk is just higher, and therefore nutritionist and raising dairy cattle person improve the dry matter intake of milk cow as possible.Feeding micro-ecological preparation can strengthen milk cow appetite, improves feed fibre digestibility, accelerate gastrointestinal intestine evacuation velocity, thus increase dry matter intake.In daily ration, add probiotics, can increase rumen bacteria number, promote cellulose degradation, increase cud VFA concentration.Erasmus etc. (1992) study and show, probiotics can promote lactic acid to utilize bacterium to utilize lactic acid, and carry out self and synthesize, thereby increase the activity of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and cellulose digestion utilization, regulates function of rumen.
The cud of while dairy cow diet not degrade proteins (RUP) quality also causes concern.The test of Gart hwaite etc. (1998) shows, dairy cow diet add can metabolism Lys and Met can improve the lactational milk production of cow 0.68kg of 120d and lactoprotein 80g/d.Socha(2005) etc. ruminally-protected lysine is proposed for the high yield cow lactation initial stage.But due to different daily ration amino acid starvation degree varies samples.So add rumen protection amino acid in different basal diets, may produce different feeding effects.Socha etc. (2005), when Different Dietary Protein Levels is 18.5%, adds after RPMet and find, Ruzhong albumen and fat improve respectively 0.21% and 0.14%.But when protein level is 16%, add, finding does not affect for These parameters.In addition, the pH value of daily ration is also noticeable factor, and the research of Fan Ming etc. (2010) shows when the pH of ensilage value too low (pH value <3.6), can make rumen protected amino acid just be degraded in cud.
Conventionally, in production in order to meet the needs of high yield cow to protein, conventionally from improving microbial nitrogen supply and increasing rumen bypass protein two aspects, take measures, and think after deliberation, the demand of the amino acid whose equilibrium ratio total protein of Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle has more nutrition and economic implications.Therefore, exploitation can balance Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle amino acid, and the feed tool that increases protein utilization is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed that improves milk cow production performance that has.Ruminant feed of the present invention, comprises the component of following weight portion: ensilage 30-60, carrot 10-25, northeast sheep's hay 3-20, corn 5-20, acidifying corn 1-10, wheat bran 1-10, inferior powder 1-10, salt 0.1-1, expanded soybean 1-8, dregs of beans 1-8, cotton benevolence cake 1-8, bone meal 0.1-0.8, fish meal 0.1-1, mineral substance premix 1-10, probiotics 0.1-0.5, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1-1.
Ruminant feed of the present invention, preferably includes the component of following weight portion: ensilage 45-55, carrot 15-20, northeast sheep's hay 8-15, corn 8-15, acidifying corn 3-8, wheat bran 3-7, inferior powder 2-8, salt 0.3-0.6, expanded soybean 3-5, dregs of beans 3-5, cotton benevolence cake 3-5, bone meal 0.3-0.5, fish meal 0.3-0.8, mineral substance premix 3-8, probiotics 0.1-0.3, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3-0.8.
Wherein, described mineral substance premix, preferably includes the component of following weight portion: SiO
250-70, FeO
35-20, CaO5-20, MgO5-20, more preferably comprise the component of following weight portion: SiO
260-70, FeO
310-15, CaO10-15, MgO10-15.
Wherein, described probiotics, preferably include the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 40-60, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 5-25, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 10-30, SNSP digestive enzyme 1-5, fibrinoclase 1-5, more preferably comprise the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 57, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4.
Wherein, described rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace saccharomycete powder is preferably CGMCC No.8447.
Wherein, described bacillus subtilis bacterium powder is preferably bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder.
Wherein, described bacillus pumilus bacterium powder is preferably bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder.
The present invention is not limited to these concrete bacterial strains.
Ruminant feed of the present invention, the preparation method of described bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder announces in patent CN201110116641.X, bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder, preparation method thereof is announced in patent CN201110140925.2.
In the present invention, rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 is by the biomass height of screening and acclimation method acquisition and the barms of high Se content from barms, yeast described in fermented and cultured, fermentation termination thalline weight in wet base can reach 200-250g/L, and viable count can reach 6.5-8.0 × 10
10cFU/g, every gram of dry Se-enriched yeast cell Organic Selenium amount is 2800-3200 μ g/g.Concrete screening and domestication process are: on the culture medium of the low concentration sodium selenite containing 100-800 μ g/mL, screen the barms that biomass is high, the barms high biomass filtering out is further tamed on the high concentration sodium selenite culture medium of 1-3mg/mL, screening can enduring high-concentration inorganic selenium bacterial classification, finishing screen is chosen cloth Laplace saccharomycete of the present invention.Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the present invention (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) subspecies cloth Laplace yeast called after YBN-2, on November 8th, 2013, be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, be called for short CGMCC, address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, deposit number is CGMCC No.8447.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described ruminant feed, and it comprises the steps:
It comprises the steps:
1) by corn at 55 ℃ with containing 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h, after 60 ℃ of oven dry, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtain acidifying corn;
2) take in proportion SiO
2, FeO
3, CaO, MgO mix, obtain mineral substance premix;
3) take in proportion corn, acidifying corn, wheat bran, inferior powder, dregs of beans, salt, bone meal, expanded soybean, cotton benevolence cake, fish meal, mineral substance premix also mixes;
4) cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtain rumen-bypass amino acid;
5) take in proportion carrot, northeast sheep's hay, ensilage, probiotics, rumen-bypass amino acid and mix;
6) by step 3), 5) raw material mix, obtain described ruminant feed.
The feeding method of the ruminant feed described in the present invention also provides, is wherein that the described feed of ruminating is divided and fed for three times according to the amount of every cow head 30-50kg every day, and feed period is more than 1 month.
The present invention, by the corn in conventional feed, with the replacement of part acidic corn, has played good regulating action to lactating cow rumen fluid ph value and volatile fatty acid; In diet, add probiotics and after two hours, just can significantly reduce the content of ammoniacal nitrogen in cud feeding, and can improve the relative activity of bovine rumen juice cellulase; In diet, add rumen protection amino acid, there is cow heat stress relief, improve the effect of milk production of cow; In addition, by by reasonably combined feed formula, regulate cow rumen environment, give full play to the nutritive value of various compositions in feed, reached raising efficiency of feed utilization, regulated function of rumen of cow, improve total output of milk and the content of milk protein of lactating cow, the beneficial effect of cow heat stress relief.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
According to ruminant feed of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
1) corn was flooded to corn at 55 ℃ with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after 60 ℃ of oven dry, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtain acidifying corn;
2) according to weight portion by SiO
267, FeO
312, the ratio of CaO13, MgO8 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take by weight corn 7.5, acidifying corn 2, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take by weight rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 and mix, obtaining probiotics;
5) cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtain rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) take in proportion carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45, probiotics 0.1, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.4 and mix;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, obtain described ruminant feed.
Embodiment 2:
According to milk cow forage of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
1) corn was flooded to corn at 55 ℃ with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after 60 ℃ of oven dry, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtain acidifying corn;
2) according to weight portion by SiO
260, FeO
315, the ratio of CaO15, MgO10 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take by weight corn 5.5, acidifying corn 4, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take by weight rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 40, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 25, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 30, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 3 and mix, obtaining probiotics;
5) cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtain rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) take in proportion carrot 10, northeast sheep's hay 5, ensilage 58, probiotics 0.2, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3 and mix;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, obtain described ruminant feed.
Embodiment 3
According to milk cow forage of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
(1) corn was flooded to corn at 55 ℃ with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after 60 ℃ of oven dry, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtain acidifying corn;
(2) according to weight portion by SiO
267, FeO
312, the ratio of CaO13, MgO8 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take by weight corn 8.5, acidifying corn 1, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take by weight rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 50, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 20, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 25, SNSP digestive enzyme 5, fibrinoclase 5 and mix, obtaining probiotics;
5) cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtain rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) take in proportion carrot 25, northeast sheep's hay 18, ensilage 30, probiotics 0.4, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1 and mix;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, obtain described ruminant feed.
Test example 1
Test from Hebei, four large-scale cultivation fields in the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Jilin select 1440 holstein cows as experimental animal, all milk cows are without clinical visible disease.Adopt single factors randomized blocks design, in each testing site, according to the output of milk, parity, lactation age in days principle of similarity, be divided into four groups, 90 every group, having 20 cow heads in every group is first lactation.Control group does not add acidifying corn, probiotics and rumen-bypass amino acid; Testing one group feeds according to the formula in embodiment 2; Testing two groups feeds according to the formula in embodiment 2; Testing three groups feeds according to the formula in embodiment 3.Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky; 10 weeks experimental periods,, wherein first 2 weeks is preliminary trial period, and all the other 8 weeks is the formal test phase, carries out sample collection.
The impact of table 1 on milk cow production performance
From table 1, than control group, milk cow forage preparation method described in test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 all can reach good feeding effect, and the comprehensive output of milk, butterfat percnetage and the several indexs of lactoprotein are selected, and the formula effect described in test group 1 is more obvious.
Test example 2:
120 holstein cows match according to age, body weight parity, calving date and the output of milk, are divided into control group and test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and test group 4, every group of 25 oxen.The average parity of ox is 2 tires, and on average, 85 days lactation periods, experimental period is 10 weeks, carries out the prerun of 10 days before on-test.Five groups of ox feed management modes are consistent, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test is divided into 5 groups, and control group is used basal diet to feed; Test group one acidifying corn with 2% on the basis of basal diet formula replaces conventional corn, test group two is added 0.1% probiotics on the basis of basal diet formula, fills a prescription as taking by weight rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 and mixing; Test group three is added 0.4% rumen-bypass amino acid on the basis of basal diet formula, and filling a prescription is: cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, test group 4 adopts the Diet Formula in embodiment 1.By recording the output of milk individual every day, at on-test, end and duration of test, gather altogether 5 milk samples aggregate sample of 3 milk (every day) in experimental period, measure butterfat, lactose, lactoprotein, lactose and Ruzhong urea nitrogen content.In on-test, centre with finish the continuous 10 days feed intakes take group as two groups of oxen of unit record respectively, and calculate the average dry matter intake of every ox every day.
The impact of table 2 lactating cow dry matter intake, the output of milk and milk composition etc.
The analyzing and testing of urea nitrogen (MUN) content in milk can be used for evaluating the nutrition condition of milk cows and raising scheme is finely tuned.Most of cows do not need each MUN of mensuration, and the best opportunity of measuring MUN is after significant variation occurs daily ration, as: use new feedstuff, fine fodder scale of feeding is too much.
Research shows, the desirable scope of MUN value is 14-18mg/100ml, and MUN value is greater than 18mg/100ml and shows dietary protein waste, therefore can reduce daily ration cost by adjusting daily ration.The too high feed intake that can also increase non-protein degradation (UIP, rumen bypass protein) of MUN value.Can also represent to increase the content of the non-structural carbon hydrate (NSC) in daily ration.MUN value <14mg/100ml shows that dietary protein lacks or UIP content is too much.If MUN exceeds normal comparatively desirable scope, can again formula be assessed and be adjusted.In order to ensure protein, can not become the limiting factor of giving milk, MUN value preferably approaches the upper limit (18mg/100ml) of normal value.
From table 2, than control group, the comprehensive output of milk, dairy fat content and content of milk protein, the several indexs of lactose content are selected, and the formula effect described in test group 4 is more obvious.In addition, from the value of Ruzhong urea nitrogen in table 2, add acidifying corn in daily ration, feeding micro-ecological preparation and rumen-bypass amino acid can significantly improve the level of Ruzhong urea nitrogen, thereby reach the utilization rate that improves protein in daily ration, increase the effect of the output of milk.
Test example 3
Choose 4 of the holstein cows that body weight is close, body condition is good, rumen fistula, post-operative recovery 1 month are installed in operation.Daily ration divides and feeds for 3 times at every turn, and noon and evening respectively drink water 1 time.Test point 6 phases carry out, each issue 20d, and front 15d is the transitional period, within 5d experimental period, samples.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test divides two groups to be carried out, and control group adopts basal diet formula to feed, and test group acidifying corn with 2% on the basis of basal diet formula replaces conventional corn, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Table 3 adds the impact of the concentration of acidifying corn on lactating cow rumen fluid ph value and volatile fatty acid
Table 4 adds acidifying corn to the milk cow every day of the impact of ruminal pH value and Vfa Concentration before the meal
Cud volatile fatty acid refers to that carbohydrate is under the effect of rumen microorganism, finally be decomposed into SCFA, kind comprises formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid etc., wherein acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid account for more than 90%, and the digestible energy of ruminant 60% is provided by volatile fatty acid.And according to the synthesis mechanism of butterfat, acetic acid is conducive to the synthetic of butterfat most, therefore, in milk cow produces, volatile fatty acid is higher for well with the shared ratio of acetic acid.By table 3 and table 4, can be found out, in daily ration, add acidifying corn and can significantly improve the concentration of acetic acid in cow rumen, be conducive to the synthetic of butterfat.
Ruminal pH value directly affects that cud health, feed are digested and assimilated, milk yield and raw milk's quality etc.Normal ruminal pH value is between 5.5-7.5, in lumen fermentation process, the required appropriate pH value of various physiological functions is: cellulose digestion 6-6.8, protein synthetic 5.8-7.4, VFA form 4.2-6.6, urease activity 7-9, ammonia generation 6.2 and the synthetic >6.4 of B family vitamin etc., it is generally acknowledged, cud optimum pH value should be 5.8-7.0, cause for this reason acidity is the optimum condition of rumen microorganism survival, and cellulose-decomposing bacteria just cannot be survived below pH6.0.As shown in Table 3, in daily ration, add acidifying corn and can significantly shorten the time of cow rumen pH value < 5.8, as shown in Table 4, in daily ration, add acidifying corn can on milk cow every day before the meal rumen ph be worth impact little.
Table 5 adds acidifying corn to dry matter intake, the impact of the output of milk and milk composition
From table 5, in daily ration, add acidifying corn to the dry matter intake effect of improving, to the butter oil % effect of increasing significantly, and can improve content and the somatic number of Ruzhong urea nitrogen, be conducive to digesting and assimilating of feed.
Test example 4
Choose 4 of the holstein cows that body weight is close, body condition is good, rumen fistula, post-operative recovery 1 month are installed in operation.Daily ration divides and feeds for 3 times at every turn, and noon and evening respectively drink water 1 time.Test point 6 phases carry out, each issue 20d, and front 15d is the transitional period, within 5d experimental period, samples.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test divides two groups and carries out, control group adopts basal diet to feed, and test group is added 0.1% probiotics (formula is for taking by weight rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 and mixing) on the basis of control group.Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Table 6 adds probiotics to the dynamically impact of (NH3-N concentration) of cow rumen ammonia
| Time (h) | Control group | Test group | P |
| 0 | 15.80±1.32 | 15.82±1.55 | NS |
| 2 | 16.08±1.01 | 14.95±1.06 | P<0.05 |
| 4 | 12.11±1.20 | 11.80±0.74 | P<0.05 |
| 6 | 12.41±0.55 | 11.33±2.00 | P<0.05 |
| 8 | 12.22±0.37 | 9.71±0.47 | P<0.05 |
Probiotics can be by changing the effect of microorganism, and the utilization and the protein that strengthen ammonia in cud synthesize, and makes ammonia in cud be converted into more mycoprotein, thereby ammonia in cud is declined.This experimental study shows, than control group, adds probiotics and after two hours, just can significantly reduce the content of ammoniacal nitrogen in cud feeding in diet.
Table 7 adds the impact of probiotics on cow rumen juice cellulase relative activity
| Time (h) | Control group | Test group | P |
| 0 | 18.36±1.46 | 27.20±1.40 | P<0.05 |
| 2 | 19.34±0.17 | 27.16±2.85 | P<0.05 |
| 4 | 20.63±1.15 | 24.27±1.45 | P<0.05 |
| 6 | 17.96±1.93 | 20.38±0.31 | P<0.05 |
| 8 | 18.38±1.15 | 22.48±1.59 | P<0.05 |
If can produce born of the same parents microbial host cellulose-decomposing bacteria and the fungi of cellulase outward in ruminant tumor gastric, wherein cellulose-decomposing bacteria plays a major role to cellulosic decomposition.Therefore, the size of cellulase relative activity can reflect the digestion power of cud to roughage.Test discovery, adding probiotics can increase the relative activity of cellulase, and the cellulase activity of each time point is all high than control group, compares significant difference.
Test example 5
100 holstein cows match according to age, body weight parity, calving date and the output of milk, are divided into control group and test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3, every group of 25 oxen.The average parity of ox is 2 tires, and on average, 85 days lactation periods, experimental period is 10 weeks, carries out the prerun of 10 days before on-test.Four groups of ox feed management modes are consistent, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, inferior powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
In control group, adopt basal diet formula to feed; Test group one is added 0.4% cud lysine excessively on the basis of basal diet formula, test group two is added 0.4% rumen bypass methionine on the basis of basal diet formula, and test group three is added 0.4% rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: crossing cud lysine is 1:1) on the basis of basal diet formula.
In experimental period, environmental change is as shown in table 8.The marked change of average ambient temperature was at the 4th week and the 8th week, the environment mean temperature of whole experimental session is 33 ℃, and the minimum and the highest average humidity-temperature index of the 6th week and the 10th week is respectively 71.7 pairs 75.0 and 82.2 pairs 84.9. whole experimental period of milk cows all in heat stress environment.(humidity-temperature index=dry-bulb temperature+0.36 × wet-bulb temperature+41.2).
Environment temperature of every two weeks of whole test period of table 8, relative humidity and humidity-temperature index change
Table 9 adds the impact of rumen-bypass amino acid on milk production of cow, milk composition and milk cow body biological indicator
From table 9, under heat stress condition, in daily ration, add rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: crossing cud lysine is 1:1) to milk production of cow, liveweight changes, respiratory rate and the effect of increasing significantly of non-esterified fatty acid content, these indexs show, in daily ration, add rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: crossing cud lysine is 1:1) and can alleviate the milk production of cow reduction causing because of heat stress, the situation that milk quality declines, for improving milk cow production performance under heat stress condition, improve milk cow health and there is beneficial effect.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a ruminant feed, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following weight portion: ensilage 30-60, carrot 10-25, northeast sheep's hay 3-20, corn 5-20, acidifying corn 1-10, wheat bran 1-10, inferior powder 1-10, salt 0.1-1, expanded soybean 1-8, dregs of beans 1-8, cotton benevolence cake 1-8, bone meal 0.1-0.8, fish meal 0.1-1, mineral substance premix 1-10, probiotics 0.1-0.5, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1-1.
2. ruminant feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following weight portion: ensilage 45-55, carrot 15-20, northeast sheep's hay 8-15, corn 8-15, acidifying corn 3-8, wheat bran 3-7, inferior powder 2-8, salt 0.3-0.6, expanded soybean 3-5, dregs of beans 3-5, cotton benevolence cake 3-5, bone meal 0.3-0.5, fish meal 0.3-0.8, mineral substance premix 3-8, probiotics 0.1-0.3, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3-0.8.
3. ruminant feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described mineral substance premix comprises the component of following weight portion: SiO
250-70, FeO
35-20, CaO5-20, MgO5-20.
4. ruminant feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following weight portion: SiO
260-70, FeO
310-15, CaO10-15, MgO10-15.
5. ruminant feed according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described probiotics, comprises the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 40-60, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 5-25, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 10-30, SNSP digestive enzyme 1-5, fibrinoclase 1-5.
6. ruminant feed according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described probiotics, comprises the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 57, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4.
7. according to the ruminant feed described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, described rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast preserving number is CGMCC No.8447.
8. ruminant feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described rumen-bypass amino acid was selected from cud lysine and rumen bypass methionine.
9. the preparation method of ruminant feed described in right 1-8 any one, it comprises the steps:
1) by corn at 55 ℃ with containing 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h, after 60 ℃ of oven dry, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtain acidifying corn;
2) take in proportion SiO
2, FeO
3, CaO, MgO mix, obtain mineral substance premix;
3) take in proportion corn, acidifying corn, wheat bran, inferior powder, dregs of beans, salt, bone meal, expanded soybean, cotton benevolence cake, fish meal, mineral substance premix also mixes;
4) cross cud lysine and mix by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtain rumen-bypass amino acid;
5) take in proportion carrot, northeast sheep's hay, ensilage, probiotics, rumen-bypass amino acid and mix;
6) by step 3), 5) raw material mix, obtain described ruminant feed.
10. the feeding method of the ruminant feed described in claim 1-8 any one, is wherein that the described feed of ruminating is divided and fed for three times according to the amount of every cow head 30-50kg every day, and feed period is more than 1 month.
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| CN114287525A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-08 | 凯恩格生物科技(宜昌)有限公司 | Ruminant feed additive for improving gastrointestinal tract health and application thereof |
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| CN115777624A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 北京三元食品股份有限公司 | Method for improving melatonin content in milk and application thereof |
| CN115777624B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-09-26 | 北京三元食品股份有限公司 | Method for increasing melatonin content in milk and application thereof |
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