A kind of calf wean transition particulate material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the calf field of feed, feed at calf wean transitional period 40-60 age in days, the calf that is fit to 40 age in days early weanings, be particularly related to a kind of calf wean transition particulate material of having added the alfalfa leaf meal of length-specific, calf this feed of searching for food, stimulate the cud early development, reduce ablactation stress, keep higher wean daily gain.
Background technology
Calf is cultivated in milk cow produces very important.Because the production cycle of milk cow is longer, to could go into operation through about 2 years after the calf birth, could reclaim the cultivation cost in early stage and create economic benefit for the cattle farm, so the good cultivation of replacement cattle is the basis of cattle farm sustainable development, and calf is the most important stage in the replacement cattle cultivation.The calf digestive system has its particularity, its cud need experience from absorbing glucose to the dramatic shift that absorbs SCFA, and this growth and the differentiation of cud epithelial cell, propagation have direct relation, the differentiation of cud epithelial cell is not also finished when calf is born, the growth of birth back cud is directly related with the condition of feeding, and studies show that in a large number: the cud growth is subjected to multiple factor affecting such as the composition of calf age in days, feed and form, volatile fatty acid, pH value, rumen microorganism.When calf is weaned, calf can not adapt to food and change the stress reaction that produces, usually cause the reduction of digestive enzyme activities such as trypsase, amylase and lipase and cause the disorders of digestion diarrhoea to occur, healthy growth to calf is unfavorable, Here it is calf ablactation stress that people often say aborning.If occur ablactation stress during wean, can cause growth retardation, growth retardation can appear when serious, the effect of the wean transition particulate material of this patent is that the calf early weaning is carried out smoothly, reduces ablactation stress, prevention diarrhoea, make calf carry out the transition to the solid feed of searching for food from lactation early, set up normal rumen microflora early, obtain early to ruminate function normally, reach the desirable target of cultivating of later stage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has added the alfalfa leaf meal of length-specific preparation calf wean transition pellet.It can reduce the calf ablactation stress, promotes cud to grow, and sets up rumen microflora early, keeps normal growth performance, and effectively reduces the forage grass waste.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of calf wean transitional period pellet is characterized in that it is made up of following materials based on weight:
Table 1 calf wean particulate material
Alfalfa leaf meal |
3-5 |
Expanded corn powder |
20-40 |
Corn flour |
15-25 |
Expanded soybean |
15-20 |
Dregs of beans |
20-23 |
Wheat bran |
2-4 |
The calf compound vitamin microelement |
0.3-0.6 |
Bafillus natto |
0.02-0.03 |
The yeast cell wall polysaccharide |
0.3-0.4 |
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate |
1.8-2.0 |
Light magnesium oxide |
0.18-0.2 |
Sodium bicarbonate |
0.06-0.1 |
Salt |
0.3-0.4 |
Stone flour |
1.0-1.5. |
Table 2 calf compound vitamin microelement:
Raw material type |
Consumption (%) |
Vitamin A (50miu/g) |
0.600 |
Vitamin D
3(50miu/g)
|
0.100 |
Vitamin E (50%) |
3.000 |
Organic selenium (0.2%) |
7.500 |
Organic iron (15%) |
20.833 |
Cobalt chloride (1%) |
0.550 |
Organic Manganese (8%) |
25.000 |
Organic copper (10%) |
5.000 |
Organic zinc (15%) |
13.333 |
Calcium iodate (1%) |
1.250 |
Antioxidant (30%) |
2.500 |
Carrier (inferior powder) |
20.334. |
The present invention also provides the preparation method of pellet simultaneously, it is that above-mentioned substance is weighed by prescription, adopt efficient mixer mixing 5-10 minute, mixture homogeneity after granulating, is packaged into bag on request between 3-5%, requirement wherein is that the particle color and luster is even, no mouldy and different smelling contains powder rate ≦ 4%, efflorescence rate ≦ 10%.
Typical feedstock of the present invention source and performance are as follows:
Cloverleaf: clover separates the leaf part obtain through cauline leaf, contains high-quality protein and fiber, dry 〉=90%, and CP 〉=27%, ADF is about 18%, and NDF about 28%.
Expanded corn powder be a kind of corn is pulverized after, allocate a certain proportion of water into, the higher feed source material of a kind of utilization rate that obtains through expanding processing then, and play bonding effect.
Corn flour: high-grade maize is pulverized, and must not use the corn of moldy metamorphism.
Soy bean powder has the characteristic of high-energy, high protein, high digestibility, and contains abundant vitamin E and lecithin, water content≤12%, crude protein 〉=34%, crude fat 〉=14%, urine enzyme≤0.1%.
Dregs of beans is the accessory substance after soybean is extracted fat, and the main component of dregs of beans is: crude protein 40%~48%, lysine 2.5%~3.0%, tryptophan 0.6%~0.7%, methionine 0.5%~0.7%.
Wheat bran: the accessory substance of wheat processing flour.Crude protein is at 13-15.5%.
Bafillus natto is to have beneficial bacterium acidproof, heat-resistant quality, and four hours survival rates are 100% under hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, have powerful pathogen simultaneously and suppress ability, and be in the middle of the various beneficial bacterium, to environment tolerance one of the bacterial classification of small intestine that preferably can go directly; Can produce acid, regulate gut flora, the enhancing animal cell immunity is put should; And can generate multiple protein enzyme (particularly alkali protease), carbohydrase, lipase, amylase, some complicated carbohydrate in the degrading plant forage, thereby the conversion ratio of raising feed.
The yeast cell wall polysaccharide is rich in-glucan, manna oligosacchride etc., promote the growth of immune organ, and the strengthening immune system function reduces enteric pathogenic bacteria, promotes the beneficial bacterium breeding to improve function of intestinal canal.
Light magnesium oxide (chemical formula: MgO) be the oxide of magnesium, a kind of ionic compound.Normal temperature is a kind of white solid, content 〉=98%, Mg supplementation down.
Salt Main Ingredients and Appearance sodium chloride, the adjusting that works to keep the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid and participate in acid-base balance in the body.
Sodium bicarbonate is sodium acid carbonate, contains sodium 27%, and in the energy and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, dissolving mucus reduces the viscosity of digestive juice, and strengthens the contraction of stomach and intestine, plays and is good for the stomach, presses down acid and orectic effect.
Stone flour refers to calcium carbonate, and calcium content is more than 35%.
The calf compound vitamin microelement is according to the formulated of table 2.
The good effect that the calf wean transition pellet of the present invention's development is compared with prior art had is:
(1) adds the alfalfa leaf meal of length-specific in the feed prescription of the present invention, behind the mixing granulation, be suitable for calf 40 age in days early weanings in proportion, make calf an amount of the digested fiber of searching for food as early as possible, promote the growth of cud.
(2) calf wean transition particulate material of the present invention, be rich in required high-energy high protein raw material of easily digesting and assimilating and the composition that improves calf immunity of calf wean transitional period, to adapt to because of stopping to take in the calorie-protein deficiency that powered milk substitute or milk cause, and good palatability, guarantee the feed intake of calf, reduce the calf ablactation stress, improve the calf daily gain.
Embodiment:
For guaranteeing that the above and other objects of the present invention feature and advantage become apparent, and for three embodiment, describe in further detail the present invention below.
Raw material sources are as follows:
Alfalfa leaf meal: be fabricated material, its preparation method is: in alfalfa harvesting in squaring period, the separating obtained cloverleaf part of cauline leaf is chosen the 10-40 purpose and is partly used after the airing;
Expanded corn powder: Harbin Pu Fan feed corporation,Ltd;
Expanded soybean: Harbin Pu Fan feed corporation,Ltd;
Dregs of beans: the honest Tianjin of nation's base grain and oil Co., Ltd;
Bafillus natto: Shandong Bora profit is come biotech inc;
Yeast cell wall polysaccharide: Angel Yeast Co.,Ltd.
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: Sichuan Chuan Heng Chemical Co., Ltd;
Light magnesium oxide: Yuncheng eight star chemical industry Co., Ltds;
Calcium lactate: Shen, Shanghai summer biochemical industry Co., Ltd;
Salt: middle salt Tianjin long reed Salt Company;
Sodium bicarbonate: Tongbai is won source novel chemical industry Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1-3:
Three Example formulations of table 3 calf transition particulate material
Raw material |
Prescription (1) |
Prescription (2) |
Prescription (3) |
Alfalfa leaf meal |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Expanded corn powder |
35 |
30 |
32 |
Corn flour |
17 |
22 |
20 |
Expanded soybean |
16 |
17 |
15 |
Dregs of beans |
20 |
20 |
20 |
Wheat bran |
4 |
2 |
3 |
The calf compound vitamin microelement |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Bafillus natto |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
The yeast cell wall polysaccharide |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate |
1.97 |
1.97 |
1.97 |
Light magnesium oxide |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Sodium bicarbonate |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Salt |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Stone flour |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
Add up to |
100 |
100 |
100 |
The preparation method
Above-mentioned raw materials is weighed by prescription, adopt efficient mixer to mix 5-10 minutes; After steam is granulated, be packaged into bag.The mixture homogeneity of mixer requires: the uniformity coefficient of variation is not more than 5%.Granulator is granulated and required: the particle color and luster is even, and no mouldy and different smelling contains powder rate ≦ 4%, efflorescence rate ≦ 10%.
Table 4 calf wean transition particulate material nutritional labeling
Nutritional labeling |
Open content of effective scope (%) in the foodstuff |
Dry |
≥90 |
Crude protein |
≥20 |
Crude fat |
4-6 |
Coarse ash |
≤10 |
Crude fibre |
4-6 |
Calcium |
≥0.6 |
Total phosphorus |
0.4-1.0 |
Sodium chloride |
0.3-0.6 |
Feeding experiment:
1 materials and methods
1. 1 experimental design
The bull calf ox of selecting and remain in the scale pasture by the paired experiment design principle, is divided into I, II, III, four processed group of IV at random, and each handles 8 bull calf oxen.The I group daily ration prescription of feeding is an example formulations one; The II group daily ration prescription of feeding is an example formulations two; The III group daily ration prescription of feeding is an example formulations three; The IV group is a control group, calf particulate material and the free choice feeding clover feeding and do not contain cloverleaf.
1. 2 feedings and managements
Choose 32 of 40 ages in days wean bull calf oxen, 3 days transient modes are taked in wean, changed in the 38th day, 39 days and feeding for 2 times sooner or later every day, fed for 1 time at the 40th day noon, observe bull calf ox particulate material feed intake, open and take wean when the foodstuff feed intake reaches 1 kilogram when every day, wean back calf is called in the transition circle and raises, freely drink water free choice feeding wean transition particulate material.
1.3 testing index
1.3.1 growth performance is measured
Measure 40 ages in days, 60 age in days body weight, calculate average daily gain, the analytical test result.
1.3.2 cud performance measurement
After growth performance was measured and finished, the slaughter experiment calf was measured knurl reticulum volume, knurl reticulum net weight, takes cud knapsack organization in the rear, makes the cud section, measures cud teat length, cud nipple width.
1.4 data are handled
Utilize SAS 8.2 software kits to carry out data analysis, adopt the ANOVA packet to carry out variance analysis, carry out multiple ratio with the DUNCAN method.Data are all used average ± standard deviation (x ± s) expression.
2 results and analysis
2.1 growth performance measurement result
Table 5 calf growth performance measurement result
Group |
Average daily gain |
Ⅰ |
989.60±353.20
a |
Ⅱ |
999.11±442.41
a |
Ⅲ |
931.39±295.90
a |
Ⅳ |
600.43±305.61
b |
Annotate: same column shoulder target marks identical person and is difference not significantly (p〉0.05), and the different persons of shoulder mark are significant difference (p<0.05).
As can be seen from the above table, difference conspicuousness (p〉0.05) not between the wean transitional period average weight gain aspect example 1 of 40-60 age in days, example 2, the example 3 prescription groups, three example formulations groups all are higher than control group, significant difference (p<0.05).The calf daily gain that three test group are described is better than control group.
2.2 slaughter experiment: calf of every group selection carries out slaughter experiment, and four-head calf body weight is close.
Table 6 is butchered the performance measurement result
Group |
Knurl reticulum weight (kg) |
Knurl reticulum volume (L) |
Ⅰ |
1.365 |
10.00 |
Ⅱ |
1.430 |
9.50 |
Ⅲ |
1.575 |
13.00 |
Ⅳ |
0.790 |
6.00 |
The result shows: all be higher than control group in three test group aspect knurl reticulum weight, the knurl reticulum volume.
Table 7 cud section measurement result (unit: μ m)
Group |
The cud teat length |
Cud nipple width |
Ⅰ |
3376.202±421.421
a |
468.28±59.83
a |
Ⅱ |
3499.884±1303.716
a |
477.42±54.38
a |
Ⅲ |
3741.784±297.566
a |
460.61± 59.93
a |
Ⅳ |
2024.766±351.965
b |
311.40±84.54
b |
The result shows: in difference conspicuousness (p〉0.05) not between three test group aspect cud teat length, the cud nipple width, all be higher than control group, significant difference (p<0.05).Illustrate that three test group all can increase cud weight, cud volume, promote the growth of cud teat length, cud nipple width, reach the purpose that early stage promotion calf cud is grown.
3 conclusions
Add the calf wean transition particulate material of the alfalfa leaf meal preparation of length-specific, guarantee that calf in the transitional nutrition intake of wean, reduces ablactation stress, promote the calf cud to grow, keep the calf daily gain.