CN103750013B - A kind of animal feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of animal feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of animal feed, comprise the component of following weight portion: ensilage 30-60, carrot 10-25, northeast sheep's hay 3-20, corn 5-20, acidifying corn 1-10, wheat bran 1-10, secondary powder 1-10, salt 0.1-1, expanded soybean 1-8, dregs of beans 1-8, cotton benevolence cake 1-8, bone meal 0.1-0.8, fish meal 0.1-1, mineral substance premix 1-10, probiotics 0.1-0.5, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1-1.The present invention is by reasonably combined feed formula, regulate cow rumen environment, give full play to the nutritive value of various composition in feed, reach raising efficiency of feed utilization, regulate function of rumen of cow, improve total output of milk and the content of milk protein of lactating cow, the beneficial effect of cow heat stress relief, be suitable for the cultivation of development green health, produce nuisanceless rumen products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of milk cow forage containing feeding micro-ecological preparation, acidifying corn and rumen-bypass amino acid.
Background technology
Current, milk industry is just becoming one of industry with fastest developing speed in China's animal husbandry.Summer fever stress bring harmful effect to dairy, and milk production of cow sharply reduces.Therefore, in order to the output of milk under maintaining heat stressed condition, be necessary the dietary protein keeping higher level.But it is always not useful to improve dietary protein level, too much nitrogen is discharged with form of urea with urine.Metabolism and hypereccritic daily ration nitrogen need energy, thus produce extra metabolic nitrogen, and then improve the thermic load of body and reduce the utilization of daily ration N.
Milk cow, as other ruminants, has two primary demands to nutrition: one is the nutritional need of animal individual or body, and another is the nutritional need of ruminant internal microorganism.Ruminant and the microorganism parasitized in body are symbiosis, the living environment that ruminant provides food source for microorganism and is suitable for, and microorganism is again for ruminant provides source of nutrition.Milk cow is as far as our knowledge goes to the demand of nutrition, the demand to nutriment should be comprised, and the reaction of this kind of nutriment and other nutriments carrys out acting in conjunction in the normal biochemical reactions of body health and animal productiong, and the needs of internal microorganism, this is the most basic nutritional need of milk cow.
The feed of milk cow digestion is more, and the energy absorbed is more, and the output of milk is higher, and therefore nutritionist and raising dairy cattle person do the best and improve the dry matter intake of milk cow.Feeding micro-ecological preparation can strengthen milk cow appetite, improves feed fibre digestibility, accelerate gastrointestinal intestine evacuation velocity, thus increases dry matter intake.Add probiotics in daily ration, rumen bacteria number can be increased, promote cellulose degradation, increase cud VFA concentration.Erasmus etc. (1992) research shows, probiotics can promote that lactic acid utilizes bacterium to utilize lactic acid, and carries out self synthesis, thus increases the activity of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and cellulose digestion utilizes, and regulates function of rumen.
Rumen undegraded protein (RUP) quality of dairy cow diet also causes concern simultaneously.The test of Gart hwaite etc. (1998) shows, dairy cow diet adds can improve 120d lactational milk production of cow 0.68kg and lactoprotein 80g/d by metabolism Lys and Met.Etc. Socha(2005) propose ruminally-protected lysine and be used for the high yield cow lactation initial stage.But due to different daily ration amino acid starvation degree varies samples.So add rumen protection amino acid may produce different feeding effects in different basal diets.Socha etc. (2005) are when Different Dietary Protein Levels is 18.5%, and find after adding RPMet, Ruzhong albumen and fat improve 0.21% and 0.14% respectively.But add when protein level is 16%, then find These parameters is not affected.In addition, the pH value of daily ration is also noticeable factor, and the research of Fan Ming etc. (2010) shows, as the pH value of ensilage too low (pH value <3.6), rumen protected amino acid can be made just to be degraded in cud.
Usually, in order to meet the needs of high yield cow to protein in production, usually take measures from raising microbial nitrogen supply and increase rumen bypass protein two aspect, and think after deliberation, the demand of the amino acid whose equilibrium ratio total protein of Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle has more nutrition and economic implications.Therefore, exploitation can balance Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle amino acid, and the feed tool increasing protein utilization is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed with raising milk cow production performance.Ruminant feed of the present invention, comprises the component of following weight portion: ensilage 30-60, carrot 10-25, northeast sheep's hay 3-20, corn 5-20, acidifying corn 1-10, wheat bran 1-10, secondary powder 1-10, salt 0.1-1, expanded soybean 1-8, dregs of beans 1-8, cotton benevolence cake 1-8, bone meal 0.1-0.8, fish meal 0.1-1, mineral substance premix 1-10, probiotics 0.1-0.5, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1-1.
Ruminant feed of the present invention, preferably includes the component of following weight portion: ensilage 45-55, carrot 15-20, northeast sheep's hay 8-15, corn 8-15, acidifying corn 3-8, wheat bran 3-7, secondary powder 2-8, salt 0.3-0.6, expanded soybean 3-5, dregs of beans 3-5, cotton benevolence cake 3-5, bone meal 0.3-0.5, fish meal 0.3-0.8, mineral substance premix 3-8, probiotics 0.1-0.3, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3-0.8.
Wherein, described mineral substance premix, preferably includes the component of following weight portion: SiO
250-70, FeO
35-20, CaO5-20, MgO5-20, more preferably comprise the component of following weight portion: SiO
260-70, FeO
310-15, CaO10-15, MgO10-15.
Wherein, described probiotics, preferably include the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 40-60, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 5-25, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 10-30, SNSP digestive enzyme 1-5, fibrinoclase 1-5, more preferably comprise the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 57, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4.
Wherein, described rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace saccharomycete powder is preferably CGMCC No.8447.
Wherein, described bacillus subtilis bacterium powder is preferably bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder.
Wherein, described bacillus pumilus bacterium powder is preferably bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder.
The present invention is not limited to these concrete bacterial strains.
Ruminant feed of the present invention, the preparation method of described bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder announces in patent CN201110116641.X, bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder, preparation method thereof is announced in patent CN201110140925.2.
In the present invention, rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 is barms that is high by the biomass screened and acclimation method obtains from barms and high Se content, yeast described in fermented and cultured, fermentation termination thalline weight in wet base can reach 200-250g/L, and viable count can reach 6.5-8.0 × 10
10cFU/g, every gram of dry Se-enriched yeast cell Organic Selenium amount is 2800-3200 μ g/g.Concrete screening and domestication process are: on the culture medium of the low concentration sodium selenite containing 100-800 μ g/mL, screen the high barms of biomass, barms high for the biomass filtered out is tamed further on the high concentration sodium selenite culture medium of 1-3mg/mL, screening can the bacterial classification of enduring high-concentration inorganic selenium, and finishing screen chooses cloth Laplace saccharomycete of the present invention.Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the present invention (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) subspecies cloth Laplace yeast called after YBN-2, China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center is preserved on November 8th, 2013, be called for short CGMCC, address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, deposit number is CGMCC No.8447.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described ruminant feed, and it comprises the steps:
It comprises the steps:
1) by corn at 55 DEG C with containing 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h, after drying lower than 60 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained acidifying corn;
2) SiO is taken in proportion
2, FeO
3, CaO, MgO mix, obtain mineral substance premix;
3) take corn in proportion, acidifying corn, wheat bran, secondary powder, dregs of beans, salt, bone meal, expanded soybean, cotton benevolence cake, fish meal, mineral substance premix also mixes;
4) rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtains rumen-bypass amino acid;
5) carrot, northeast sheep's hay, ensilage, probiotics, rumen-bypass amino acid mixing is taken in proportion;
6) by step 3), 5) raw material mix, namely obtain described ruminant feed.
The present invention also provides the feeding method of described ruminant feed, is wherein described feed of ruminating to be divided according to the amount of every cow head 30-50kg every day and fed for three times, feed period more than 1 month.
The present invention, by the corn in conventional feed, replaces with part acidic corn, serves good regulating action to lactating cow rumen fluid pH value and volatile fatty acid; Add the content that probiotics just significantly can reduce ammoniacal nitrogen in cud after feeding two hours in diet, and the relative activity of bovine rumen juice cellulase can be improved; Add rumen protection amino acid in diet, there is cow heat stress relief, improve the effect of milk production of cow; In addition, by by reasonably combined feed formula, cow rumen environment is regulated, give full play to the nutritive value of various composition in feed, reached raising efficiency of feed utilization, regulate function of rumen of cow, improve total output of milk and the content of milk protein of lactating cow, the beneficial effect of cow heat stress relief.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
According to ruminant feed of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
1) corn was flooded corn at 55 DEG C with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after drying lower than 60 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained acidifying corn;
2) according to weight portion by SiO
267, FeO
312, the ratio of CaO13, MgO8 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take corn 7.5 by weight, acidifying corn 2, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 mixing by weight, obtain probiotics;
5) rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtains rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45, probiotics 0.1, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.4 mixing is taken in proportion;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, namely obtain described ruminant feed.
Embodiment 2:
According to milk cow forage of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
1) corn was flooded corn at 55 DEG C with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after drying lower than 60 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained acidifying corn;
2) according to weight portion by SiO
260, FeO
315, the ratio of CaO15, MgO10 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take corn 5.5 by weight, acidifying corn 4, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 40, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 25, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 30, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 3 mixing by weight, obtain probiotics;
5) rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtains rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) carrot 10, northeast sheep's hay 5, ensilage 58, probiotics 0.2, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3 mixing is taken in proportion;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, namely obtain described ruminant feed.
Embodiment 3
According to milk cow forage of the present invention, the preparation method of described feed is:
(1) corn was flooded corn at 55 DEG C with containing the 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h(aqueous solution), after drying lower than 60 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained acidifying corn;
(2) according to weight portion by SiO
267, FeO
312, the ratio of CaO13, MgO8 mixes, and obtains mineral substance premix;
3) take corn 8.5 by weight, acidifying corn 1, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5 also mixes;
4) take rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 50, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 20, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 25, SNSP digestive enzyme 5, fibrinoclase 5 mixing by weight, obtain probiotics;
5) rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtains rumen-bypass amino acid;
6) carrot 25, northeast sheep's hay 18, ensilage 30, probiotics 0.4, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1 mixing is taken in proportion;
7) by step 3), 6) raw material mix, namely obtain described ruminant feed.
Test example 1
Test from Hebei, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Jilin four scale livestock farming select 1440 holstein cows as experimental animal, all milk cows are without clinical visible disease.Adopt single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, in each testing site according to the output of milk, parity, lactation age in days principle of similarity, be divided into four groups, often organize 90, often in group, have 20 cow heads to be first lactation.Control group does not add acidifying corn, probiotics and rumen-bypass amino acid; Test one group to feed according to the formula in embodiment 2; Test two groups to feed according to the formula in embodiment 2; Test three groups to feed according to the formula in embodiment 3.Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky; 10 weeks experimental periods, wherein first 2 weeks is preliminary trial period, and all the other 8 weeks is the formal test phase, carries out sample collection.
Table 1 is on the impact of milk cow production performance
From table 1, compared to control group, test group 1, test group 2, the milk cow forage preparation method described in test group 3 all can reach good feeding effect, and the several index of the comprehensive output of milk, butterfat percnetage and lactoprotein is selected, and the formulation efficacy described in test group 1 is more obvious.
Test example 2:
120 holstein cows match according to age, body weight parity, calving date and the output of milk, are divided into control group and test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and test group 4, often organize 25 oxen.The average parity of ox is 2 tires, and on average 85 days lactation periods, experimental period is 10 weeks, carries out the prerun of 10 days before on-test.Five groups of ox feed management modes are consistent, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test is divided into 5 groups, and control group uses basal diet to feed; Test group one replaces conventional corn with the acidifying corn of 2% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, test group two adds the probiotics of 0.1% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, and fills a prescription as taking rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 mixing by weight; Test group three adds the rumen-bypass amino acid of 0.4% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, and filling a prescription is: rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, and test group 4 adopts the Diet Formula in embodiment 1.Record the output of milk by individual every day in experimental period, gather 5 milk samples aggregate sample of 3 milk (every day) altogether at on-test, end and duration of test, measure butterfat, lactose, lactoprotein, lactose and Ruzhong urea nitrogen content.In on-test, centre with terminate the continuous feed intake recording two groups of oxen for 10 days in units of group respectively, and calculate the average dry matter intake of every ox every day.
The impact of table 2 lactating cow dry matter intake, the output of milk and milk composition etc.
Urea nitrogen (MUN) in milk detects the nutrition condition that can be used for evaluating milk cows containing quantitative analysis and finely tunes feeding strategies.Most of cows do not need eachly to measure MUN, and the best opportunity measuring MUN is after significant change occurs daily ration, as: use new feedstuff, fine fodder scale of feeding is too much.
Research shows, the desirable scope of MUN value is that 14-18mg/100ml, MUN value is greater than 18mg/100ml and shows that dietary protein is wasted, and therefore can reduce daily ration cost by adjustment daily ration.The too high feed intake that can also increase non-degradable albumen (UIP, rumen bypass protein) of MUN value.The content needing the Non-structure carbohydrate (NSC) increased in daily ration can also be represented.MUN value <14mg/100ml show dietary protein lack or UIP content too much.If MUN exceeds scope ideal normally, can again assess formula and adjust.The limiting factor of giving milk can not be become, the best upper limit close to normal value of MUN value (18mg/100ml) in order to ensure protein.
From table 2, compared to control group, the comprehensive output of milk, dairy fat content and content of milk protein, the several index of lactose content select, and the formulation efficacy described in test group 4 is more obvious.In addition, from the value of Ruzhong urea nitrogen in table 2, add acidifying corn in daily ration, feeding micro-ecological preparation and rumen-bypass amino acid can significantly improve the level of Ruzhong urea nitrogen, thus reach the utilization rate improving protein in daily ration, increase the effect of the output of milk.
Test example 3
Choose the holstein cow 4 that body weight is close, body condition is good, rumen fistula is installed in operation, post-operative recovery 1 month.Daily ration divides at every turn feeds for 3 times, respectively drinks water in noon and evening 1 time.Test point 6 phases carry out, and each issue 20d, front 15d are the transitional period, sample within 5d experimental period.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test divides two groups and carries out, and control group adopts basal diet formula to feed, and test group replaces conventional corn with the acidifying corn of 2% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Table 3 adds the impact of acidifying corn on the concentration of lactating cow rumen fluid pH value and volatile fatty acid
Table 4 adds the impact of acidifying corn on milk cow every day ruminal pH value and Vfa Concentration before the meal
Cud volatile fatty acid refers to that carbohydrate is under the effect of rumen microorganism, finally be decomposed into SCFA, kind comprises formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid etc., wherein acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid account for more than 90%, and the digestible energy of ruminant 60% is provided by volatile fatty acid.And according to the synthesis mechanism of butterfat, acetic acid is conducive to the synthesis of butterfat most, and therefore, in Cow product, volatile fatty acid is as well higher with the ratio shared by acetic acid.As can be seen from table 3 and table 4, add the concentration that acidifying corn can significantly improve acetic acid in cow rumen in daily ration, be conducive to the synthesis of butterfat.
Ruminal pH value directly affects cud health, feed digestion absorption, milk yield and raw milk's quality etc.Normal ruminal pH value is between 5.5-7.5, in lumen fermentation process, needed for various physiological functions, optimum pH is: the synthesis of cellulose digestion 6-6.8, protein 5.8-7.4, VFA form 4.2-6.6, urease activity 7-9, ammonia produces 6.2 and B family vitamin synthesis >6.4 etc., it is generally acknowledged, cud optimum pH value should be 5.8-7.0, because acidity is the optimum condition of rumen microorganism survival for this reason, cellulose-decomposing bacteria just cannot be survived at below pH6.0.As shown in Table 3, add the time that acidifying corn significantly can shorten cow rumen pH value < 5.8 in daily ration, as shown in Table 4, adding acidifying corn in daily ration can be little on the milk cow every day of the worth impact of rumen ph before the meal.
Table 5 adds acidifying corn to dry matter intake, the impact of the output of milk and milk composition
From table 5, add acidifying corn in daily ration to the dry matter intake effect of improving, to the butter oil % effect of increasing significantly, and content and the somatic number of Ruzhong urea nitrogen can be improved, be conducive to digesting and assimilating of feed.
Test example 4
Choose the holstein cow 4 that body weight is close, body condition is good, rumen fistula is installed in operation, post-operative recovery 1 month.Daily ration divides at every turn feeds for 3 times, respectively drinks water in noon and evening 1 time.Test point 6 phases carry out, and each issue 20d, front 15d are the transitional period, sample within 5d experimental period.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Test divides two groups and carries out, control group adopt basal diet feed, test group adds on the basis of control group 0.1% probiotics (formula be by weight take rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast CGMCC No.8447 bacterium powder 57, bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.4628 bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.4756 bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4 and mix).Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Table 6 adds the impact of probiotics on cow rumen ammonia dynamic (NH3-N concentration)
| Time (h) | Control group | Test group | P |
| 0 | 15.80±1.32 | 15.82±1.55 | NS |
| 2 | 16.08±1.01 | 14.95±1.06 | P<0.05 |
| 4 | 12.11±1.20 | 11.80±0.74 | P<0.05 |
| 6 | 12.41±0.55 | 11.33±2.00 | P<0.05 |
| 8 | 12.22±0.37 | 9.71±0.47 | P<0.05 |
Probiotics by changing the effect of microorganism, can strengthen the utilization to ammonia in cud and protein synthesis, making ammonia in cud be converted into mycoprotein more, thus ammonia in cud is declined.This experimental study shows, compared to control group, adds the content that probiotics just significantly can reduce ammoniacal nitrogen in cud after feeding two hours in diet.
Table 7 adds the impact of probiotics on cow rumen juice cellulase relative activity
| Time (h) | Control group | Test group | P |
| 0 | 18.36±1.46 | 27.20±1.40 | P<0.05 |
| 2 | 19.34±0.17 | 27.16±2.85 | P<0.05 |
| 4 | 20.63±1.15 | 24.27±1.45 | P<0.05 |
| 6 | 17.96±1.93 | 20.38±0.31 | P<0.05 |
| 8 | 18.38±1.15 | 22.48±1.59 | P<0.05 |
If can produce microbial host cellulose-decomposing bacteria and the fungi of cellulase in ruminant tumor gastric outward born of the same parents, wherein cellulose-decomposing bacteria plays a major role to cellulosic decomposition.Therefore, the size of cellulase relative activity can reflect the digestion power of cud to roughage.Test finds, add the relative activity that probiotics can increase cellulase, and the cellulase activity of each time point is all high than control group, compares significant difference.
Test example 5
100 holstein cows match according to age, body weight parity, calving date and the output of milk, are divided into control group and test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3, often organize 25 oxen.The average parity of ox is 2 tires, and on average 85 days lactation periods, experimental period is 10 weeks, carries out the prerun of 10 days before on-test.Four groups of ox feed management modes are consistent, and Diet amount is 40kg/ head/sky.
Basal diet formula (component by weight): corn 9.5, wheat bran 1.1, secondary powder 1.1, dregs of beans 2.1, salt 0.2, bone meal 0.5, expanded soybean 2.4, cotton benevolence cake 4, fish meal 0.6, mineral substance premix 5(component by weight: SiO
267, FeO
312, CaO13, MgO8), carrot 18, northeast sheep's hay 10, ensilage 45.
Basal diet formula is adopted to feed in control group; Test group one adds the rumen bypass lysine of 0.4% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, test group two adds the rumen bypass methionine of 0.4% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription, and test group three adds the rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: rumen bypass lysine is 1:1) of 0.4% on the basis that basal diet is filled a prescription.
Experimental period, environment was changed to as shown in table 8.The most marked change of average ambient temperature was at the 4th week and the 8th week, the environment mean temperature of whole experimental session is 33 DEG C, and the minimum and the highest average humidity-temperature index of the 6th week and the 10th week is respectively 71.7 and is all in heat stress environment to 75.0 and 82.2 pairs of 84.9. milk cows whole experimental period.(humidity-temperature index=dry-bulb temperature+0.36 × wet-bulb temperature+41.2).
Environment temperature, relative humidity and the humidity-temperature index change of every two weeks of table 8 whole test period
Table 9 adds the impact of rumen-bypass amino acid on milk production of cow, milk composition and milk cow body biological indicator
From table 9, under heat stress condition, rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: rumen bypass lysine is 1:1) is added to milk production of cow in daily ration, liveweight changes, the effect of increasing significantly of respiratory rate and non-esterified fatty acid levels, these indexs show, add rumen-bypass amino acid (rumen bypass methionine: rumen bypass lysine is 1:1) in daily ration and can alleviate the milk production of cow reduction caused because of heat stress, the situation that milk quality declines, for milk cow production performance under raising heat stress condition, improve milk cow health and there is beneficial effect.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a ruminant feed, it is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following weight portion: ensilage 30-60, carrot 10-25, northeast sheep's hay 3-20, corn 5-20, acidifying corn 1-10, wheat bran 1-10, secondary powder 1-10, salt 0.1-1, expanded soybean 1-8, dregs of beans 1-8, cotton benevolence cake 1-8, bone meal 0.1-0.8, fish meal 0.1-1, mineral substance premix 1-10, probiotics 0.1-0.5, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.1-1, described probiotics, be made up of the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 40-60, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 5-25, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 10-30, SNSP digestive enzyme 1-5, fibrinoclase 1-5.
2. ruminant feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is made up of the component of following weight portion: ensilage 45-55, carrot 15-20, northeast sheep's hay 8-15, corn 8-15, acidifying corn 3-8, wheat bran 3-7, secondary powder 2-8, salt 0.3-0.6, expanded soybean 3-5, dregs of beans 3-5, cotton benevolence cake 3-5, bone meal 0.3-0.5, fish meal 0.3-0.8, mineral substance premix 3-8, probiotics 0.1-0.3, rumen-bypass amino acid 0.3-0.8.
3. ruminant feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described mineral substance premix, comprises the component of following weight portion: SiO
250-70, FeO
35-20, CaO 5-20, MgO 5-20.
4. ruminant feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described mineral substance premix, comprises the component of following weight portion: SiO
260-70, FeO
310-15, CaO 10-15, MgO 10-15.
5. ruminant feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described probiotics, is made up of the component of following weight portion: rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast 57, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder 16, bacillus pumilus bacterium powder 21, SNSP digestive enzyme 2, fibrinoclase 4.
6. ruminant feed according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described rich selenium saccharomyces cerevisiae subspecies cloth Laplace yeast preserving number is CGMCC No. 8447.
7. ruminant feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described rumen-bypass amino acid is selected from rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine.
8. the preparation method of ruminant feed described in any one of claim 1-7, it comprises the steps:
1) by corn at 55 DEG C with containing 0.5% lauric aqueous solution soaking 48h, after drying lower than 60 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained acidifying corn;
2) SiO is taken in proportion
2, FeO
3, CaO, MgO mix, obtain mineral substance premix;
3) take corn in proportion, acidifying corn, wheat bran, secondary powder, dregs of beans, salt, bone meal, expanded soybean, cotton benevolence cake, fish meal, mineral substance premix also mixes;
4) rumen bypass lysine mixes by weight 1:1 with rumen bypass methionine, obtains rumen-bypass amino acid;
5) carrot, northeast sheep's hay, ensilage, probiotics, rumen-bypass amino acid mixing is taken in proportion;
6) by step 3), 5) raw material mix, namely obtain described ruminant feed.
9. the feeding method of the ruminant feed described in any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described feed of ruminating to be divided according to the amount of every cow head 30-50kg every day and fed for three times, feed period more than 1 month.
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