CN1037475A - 具有防故障转子的改进的汽轮机系统和低合金钢汽轮机零件的受控堆焊修复 - Google Patents
具有防故障转子的改进的汽轮机系统和低合金钢汽轮机零件的受控堆焊修复 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
为汽轮机零件,特别是高压汽轮机转子修复磨损
面的方法,包括在零件的被磨损面堆焊第一层焊接金
属,因而产生了一个受热区域,焊接金属第二层使用
更多的热量堆焊在第一层上使至少第一层上的部分
受热区域回火。
Description
本发明是关于一种修复汽轮机零部件磨损面或损坏面的修理工艺,特别是关于使用优质金属的堆焊来修复这些磨损面的焊接技术。
由铬-钼-钒合金制作的蒸汽轮机的零部件,例如:转子和叶轮,能提供最佳的高温抗疲劳和塑性变形的特性,但是一般认为难以焊接。因而,因机件磨损、腐蚀或断裂而造成停机修复或零部件更换,造成的电力损失每天费用数十万美元,因此为修理零部件设想了许多修复工艺。
这样的修复工艺包括将一块单个铸钢焊在一个磨损的转子或叶轮上。然而,当需要在一个单个的转子叶片的连接槽,这里指的是“塔形尖顶”。所能焊到的地方是非常有限的,用这种非常局限焊接的修复方法会导致质量因多孔形成裂缝和夹渣,不能接受。
另一个已知的转子修复方法是在汽轮机零部件和锻件更换部份间做一个不大的焊缝,然后使用埋弧焊。
参看Kubnen的4,213,025和4,219,717号美国专利,在这种工艺中,被磨损的叶片或转子上焊上一环形铸钢或者焊上一个完全新的转子锻件来代替转子的整个端部。美国第4,633,554号专利揭示出为以上目的使用一种气体保护金属极电弧焊方法产生的一圈狭焊缝。使用这种工艺所获得的较低的抗拉和抗疲劳特性一般来说对使用在转子尖顶部份受力大的部位是不够的。
使用堆焊修复包括有一个宽的或深的槽的转子时也可单独使用埋弧焊。这样,沿转子半径范围内会产生一个纵向的裂缝。用埋弧焊堆焊的主要优点是这个工艺方法有非常高的堆复率。一般的情况是每小时大约堆复7公斤的焊接金属。正因为使用焊接来修复正在使用中的转子都是在汽轮机停机时进行,而此时时间是非常重要的,所以较高的堆焊速度是重要的。然而,这种工艺需要预热并且会产生相对较大的具有较差金相特性的颗粒。在焊接修复用埋弧焊制造的高压铬-钼-钒转子时,会出现塑变断裂和切口脆性这方面的严重的问题。这样用埋弧焊工艺焊接修复具有小的高应力集中的半径的铬-钼-钒转子尖端一般说是不可接受的。
气体保护金属极电弧焊工艺也被用来修复转子和叶片。这种焊接工艺每小时大约堆复4公斤焊接金属,而且比使用埋弧焊所产生的焊件的性质稍好一些。用在铬-钼-钒转子焊接修复上,气体保护金属极电弧焊修复的汽轮机零部件的屈服强度一般是35-100千磅/平方吋。(586~689兆帕)在室温下的摆锤冲击强度大约是110~130呎磅(150~177焦耳)。在使用气体保护金属极电弧焊工艺时焊接这些金属,常常伴随弧变形(受磁力影响)这种工艺限制,这样也就限制了这种工艺的应用。
最近又强调在镍-钼-钒和镍-铬-钒低压转子零件的修复时使用气体保护钨极电弧焊接工艺(GTAW),参看R.E.克拉克的“低压蒸汽轮机转子的焊接修复试验”一文,在美国动力联合会伊利诺斯州芝加哥1985年4月22-24的第47届年会上发表,刊登在佛罗里达奥兰多的“威斯汀豪斯电力公司”出版的“动力生产”杂志上。气体保护钨极电弧焊还用在修复单个的转子连接槽,修整或低填沟槽时来修正小的表面缺陷。它也可以用来在叶片连接槽位置作大量的堆焊,也就是作一个360°堆焊,用复盖方式恢复被磨损的部份。气体保护钨极电弧焊提供相对高的超声特征,不需要预热而且所产生的焊件具有超过转子材料规定所需要的抗拉特性和抗冲击特性。用这种工艺方法制成的低合金钢焊件一般具有90~115千磅/平方吋(621-793兆帕)的屈服强度和室温下摆锤冲击强度大约160~210呎磅(218~286焦耳)。而且在上述提到的任何一种工艺中这种焊接工艺产生具有最好微结构的颗粒。
采取什么焊接方法要取决于是否变形,进行非破坏性试验所能接受的限度及焊后热处理产生的机械性能等因素。汽轮机转子的每一部份都是不同的,在使用中都起不同的作用。为使受焊接和热影响区域消除断裂以及把缺陷减少到最低限度只有靠小心地控制几个焊接变量参数。对于气体保护钨极电弧焊工艺来说,这些变量参数包括:电流强度,合金的选择,连接处的几何形状和焊接速度。所选择的参数应当和自动焊接工艺兼容,这样保证在每一次焊接中可重复产生相同的质量。这些参灿Φ蹦茉诙宰雍鸵镀系乃械乃锌赡艿男薷垂ぷ骷嫒荩佣旁降暮附有阅埽苊獬鱿挚紫叮戏旌图性W詈螅辖鸷退≡竦暮附硬问Φ蹦苁购附哟Φ男灾屎突褰鹗舻男灾室恢隆?
因此,本发明的主要目的就是提供一种焊接工艺,使汽轮机零部件所需修复的部份具有最好的金相特性并且最大限度减少受热影响的区域,消除与焊接有关的裂缝。
考虑到这个目的,本发明可以归结为一种修复含有铬、钼和钒合金成份的铁合金汽轮机零部件磨损面的方法,其特征在于:在所说的被磨损表面堆焊第一层焊接金属,这样在零件上产生一个受热区域,第二层焊接金属堆复在所说的第一层焊接金属上,所说的第二层焊接金属至少可以使所说的零部件的受热区域中的一部份回火。
所使用的工艺大大地减少了在一般的汽轮机的高压高温转子和叶片的含铬-钼-钒铁合金基体金属那种常见故障的危险性。在这里所用的概念“受热区域”是指紧靠焊件熔化区域的基体金属部份。
第二层焊接金属的堆复所产生的额外的热量对受热区域产生直接的热处理效应,使粗的基体金属颗粒再结晶并且回火。当这些粗的颗粒形成了较细的颗粒结构,在焊接修复的附近地区可大大减少因消除应力而产生的断裂。
本发明所使用的方法也可以避免基体金属在焊接金属第一层受热时产生过份回火或软化的现象。当产生的应力横切焊缝时,强度损失较大,例如产生高、低循环疲劳,拉断或蠕变疲劳损坏。适当控制焊件的初始层可以大大减少“受热区域”故障的可能性并能防止这个区域的强度降到未受热的基体金属的强度水平以下。
在下面用举例方法并配合在附图中所描述的最佳实施例,本发明可以看得更清楚。其中:
图1是转子的对比状态横向剖视图,这里旧的塔形尖顶部份已经用加工方法去掉了;
图2是图1所示转子的横剖视图,显示出焊层堆复在加工面上;
图3是图2所示转子的部份横剖视图,显示加工修复的塔形尖顶;
图4是部份单个塔形尖顶的修复技术的透视图。显示出对引板的使用和珠焊的程序;
图5是一个部份透视图,显示对转子的360°修复。这里塔形尖顶已被加工去掉了,显示出360°的焊接复盖结果。
本发明的修复汽轮机零部件磨损面的这种新颖方法包括提供一种含铬、钼和钒成份的铁合金汽轮机零部件20、40或50。这些汽轮机零部件20、40或50都有磨损面,用这里所揭示的方法可制造出新的零部件。修复工艺包括在零部件的磨损层堆复第一层焊接金属,因此也就在零部件上产生一个受热区域。在堆复第二层焊接金属时用比第一层大得多的热量,这样至少可以使在第一层复阶段所产生的受热区域部份回火。在这里“回火”这个概念指一个过程,其中基体金属的受热区域又被加热然后再冷却。这样来消除内应力并减少它的硬度。
应当小心控制从第一焊接复盖层到第五层的焊接参数,这样因受热区域产生的问题和造成的基体金属的粗颗粒结构可以得到克服。具体使用气体保护钨极气弧焊工艺,在堆复第一层时使用的直流电的电流强度大约是40-160安培,60~140安培更好,最佳电流是直流80~120安培。焊接初始层用相对较低的电流以便产生尽可能小的受热区域。下一步,堆复第二层焊接金属用大约50~200安培电流,75~175安培最好,最佳电流是100~150安培直流。也可使用交流电,但效果较差。
在焊件的第二层使用较强的电流会在汽轮机零件相对易脆的受热区域产生“热处理”或者回火效应。在第二层以后,第三层和第四层最好采用和第一层所使用的相同的电流。第五层和以后各层可以使用较强的电流,因为它对基体金属影响较小。
必须了解上述电流优选值是适合使用0.045英寸直径的合金丝,50%氩气和50%氮气混合气,1/8或3/32钨丝的气体保护钨极电弧焊接工艺的理想情况。可以预料,用改变这几个或那几个参数配合第二层堆焊产生的回火效应也可以产生相同的效果。例如:如果在堆焊第二层焊接金属时,使用的合金丝尺寸较小,那么电流可以保持在堆焊第一层时所用的电流值。这项技术和其他技术都是焊接工艺所公知的,仅是本发明的主要技术的变化形式。
本发明用来修复汽轮机铬-钼-钒零部件的最佳的铁基合金,应选择包括下面的第一种或多种元素:铬、钼、硅、碳、锰、钒、铌和氮。在最佳实施例中,对磨损零件使用的铁合金包括重量占7.0%~11.0%的铬和0.1%~3.0%的钼。在一个特定的优选的铁合金成份中,主要包括0.04%~0.22%的碳,0.15%~1.0%的锰,0.15%~1.0%的硅,0.0%~0.02%的铌,4.00%~19.0%的铬,0.43%~2.1%的钼,0.09~0.5%的钒,0.03%~0.20%的铌,0.0%~0.08%的铝,0.0%~0.20%的铜,0.005%~0.06%的氮,其余是铁。然而最佳选择是含主要成份为0.08%~0.11%碳,0.30%~0.50%锰,0.30%~0.50%硅,0.00%~0.40%的铌,8.00%~9.50%的铬,0.85%~1.05%的钼,0.18%~0.25%的铝,0.00%~0.10%的铜,0.01%~0.03%的氮其余为铁的铁合金(以上均为重量百分比)。
按照这些新颖的方法,堆焊步骤包括将铁合金焊到汽轮机零件磨损面。这个焊接步骤最好是下述气体保护钨板电弧焊,等离子弧焊,电子束焊,激光束焊和气体保护金属极电弧焊中的一种。可以预料,其他的焊接工艺也能用在本发明的新颖的合金上,然而,重要的是,所使用的这个焊接工艺能最大限度减小基体金属受热区域,这样来避免出现不必要的缺陷。
到目前为止所使用的最佳工艺包括将优选的铁合金用气体保护钨极电弧焊(GTAW)焊到经加工的或磨去的汽轮机零件上。选择气体保护钨的电弧焊是因为它在焊接和受热区域的大量的珠焊呈现出特别细的晶粒。这种细晶粒可以转变成为特别的高低循环的抗疲劳,抗拉断抗冲击和抗蠕变断裂的性质。
按照本发明优选的气体保护钨极电弧焊的工艺,蒸汽轮机零件20、40或50在进行焊接步骤之前被先至少预热到177℃,侧板可以用来进行在叶片和转子上进行“360°”焊接修复。这里所谓“360°”修复是指在汽轮机零件例如叶片和转子的周围连续堆上焊接金属,一直到达一个充分的高度。使单个转子的塔形尖顶可以加工出来,或者使叶片可以加工到可使用的配合公差。侧板最好用铬-锰-钒钢或铜制作。而且可以用水冷却进一步减少焊接时的副效应。
对按照图5所示的360°塔形顶尖焊接复盖,作为高压转子的修复的最好工艺是将在转子上所示的,任何塔形尖顶44去掉,一直去到叶片沟槽底部形成一个实心环。下一步,360°的焊接复盖54是让转子在焊弧下旋转而成。这里不同于修复单个连接叶片是沿着转子叶片的宽度上移动焊弧。对于大多数复合型的修复焊,都可以使用上面提到的水冷侧板,侧板至少在磨损面径向端的一边设置以便容纳焊接物并减少在焊接堆复层的碳的损失。如果愿意的话在焊接操作上可以交替将本发明所指的铁合金堆焊到水冷侧板上。当在转子零件上制做单个塔形尖顶修复时,磨损的尖顶最好从转子的其余部分上全部去掉。因为当全部塔形尖顶去掉后,由GTAW法而产生的细颗粒结构的特殊的金相特性在整个“焊接复盖物上加工出来的叶片上都出现。
下一步,第一引板至少沿着转子的第一径向边沿安置。这样至少提供一个焊接步骤的起始面。第二个引板可以堆焊在第二转子径向边沿,至少可用来提供一个停止焊接步骤的中止面。因为引板46的安置点有时是缺陷点,这样为使这些引板46连到转子40上使用包复工艺,这种包复最好包括一个含铬的隔离层并安置在至少两个叠加焊层里。
在对单个塔形尖顶修复的GTAW(气体钨极电弧焊)焊接修复过程中,第一排珠焊层横向焊接在转子已加工或准备好的加工面上。下一步,第二排珠焊层也横向焊接在转子的所准备好的加工面上并且和第一排间隔开(如果空间够用)。用这种间隔焊接工艺,可以允许基体金属的紧挨着焊接区域下面的在下一次焊接时慢慢冷却。相应地,由焊接造成的受热区域的易脆性会减小。
图1中的汽轮机转子20最好是从已经在使用的汽轮机中挑选。虽然也可以预料,没有锯齿边的新的转子也可以用来作随后的焊接用的汽轮机零件的基础零件。
一般说,本发明中汽轮机的转子,齿圈和叶片是用低合金钢制作的,这种低合金钢一般包含少于6%的合金元素。在使用的合金中特别重要的是铬-钼-钒合金。标号A470,第8级和它的修正的变型。最重要的成份包括重量占0.27%-0.34%的碳,0.70%-1.0%的锰,最大重量0.012%的磷和硫,0.20%-0.35%的硅,最大重量0.50%的铌,1.05%-1.35%的铬,1.00%-1.30%的钼,0.21%-0.29%的钒,最大重量占0.15%的铜,最大重量占0.010%的铝;最大重量占0.0015%的锑,最大重量占0.015%的锡和0.20%的砷。其他的用来做在高压使用的汽轮机零件的锻造合金也可以用本发明的工艺来修复,例如包含有各种数量的镍、钴、铬和其他成份的合金。
如果使用用过的汽轮机零件如转子20、40和50,有较高应力的单个塔形尖顶44用机械方法去掉。这里”用机械方式去掉“这个概念是指已使用过的任何去除金属的方法。包括碾磨,车削,电弧刨和在金属工艺中已知的其他方法,但并不局限于这些。如图4所示的情况,全部磨损或损坏的塔形尖顶应当被去掉,因为在随后的焊接操作中,在零件的高应力区域使弱的受热区域尽量减少是很重要的。
如图2、4和5中一般描述的那样,本发明所优选的铁合金成份用焊接方法堆复在汽轮机零件20、40和50的被磨损面上。这个焊接步骤可以和任何一种已知的焊接技术结合。但是最佳方案是和下面气体保护钨极电弧焊,等离子弧焊,电子束焊,激光束焊和气体保护金属极电弧焊中的任一种结合。最好使用至少大约100℃-300℃,而最佳情况是从大约177℃-204℃的温度来预热以便在进行焊接前能减少汽轮机零件20、40和50的应力。
在准备进行本发明所指的气体保护钨极电弧焊工艺时,焊接表面最好精修呈现金属光泽,最佳的方法是用变性酒精,丙酮,苯甲烷,或可溶清洁剂将(基体金属表面)清洁到离焊接区域距离大约2英寸处。还应注意,如果用苯甲烷,后面应当使用酒精,丙酮,或熔剂洗。还建议,基体金属表面应用非破坏性试验来检查,在发现的最深的裂缝或疲劳区域16英寸范围的其他的金属都应去掉。
按照本发明的气体保护钨极气弧焊工艺,下面的焊接参数肯定会用到。
表2
参数 层数1,3,4 层数2 焊接剩余物
电流性质 60%的脉冲 60%脉冲 直流
(无脉冲)
电流强度-DCSP 85-120 100-150 280
电压 8.5-9.0 9.0-10 11-13
表面速度 10.0 7.5 11.3-20.0
(线性)厘米
脉冲频率 3周/秒 3周/秒 无
移动类型 振动 振动 直线
振幅 22 22 0
金属丝给进速度 12.5-64 12.5-50 125
(厘米/每分钟)
钨丝尺寸 3.2或2.4 3.2或2.4 3.2
2%钍,厘米直径
钨伸出量 9.5-19 9.5-19 9.5-19
(毫米)
金属丝尺寸 1.14 1.14 1.14
(毫米直径)
主要的保护 50%+50% 50%+50% 50%+50%
氩气-氦气
后续保护 100% 100% 100%
氩气
珠焊缝的叠加 50% 50% 50%
如图4所述,使用的珠焊程序应当提供间隔叠加珠焊程序,即将第一排叠珠1横向堆焊在所指的转子40的加工面上,然后在加工面上焊上第二层叠珠2,横向排列在转子40上,并和第一层叠珠间隔开。从叠珠1-10,焊接金属的工作量是在焊接区域里从外向里焊,使用这样的焊接工艺可以产生少量的受热区域,不要锤击去渣,最好用自动气体保护钨极气弧电焊机,以平面位置正负15°完成焊接。在停止焊接断弧之前,应当使用电流渐变器把电流降到15安培或更小。而且,如图4所示的引板46应当用来作起始焊和终止焊作用,因为在起始和中止位置容易形成金相缺陷。建议在焊接之前,对基体金属消磁,尽量减少电弧变形。
在焊接过程中,基层金属的焊接温度应当在300℃以下,也可以是250℃以下,而最佳情况是204℃以下,刚焊接完的汽轮机零件20、40或50以及它的焊层12、42或54的温度应当维持在大约149℃~260℃,最好是大约176℃~204℃之间。维持这个温度以后,被焊的汽轮机零件20、40或50可以进行一个500℃以上的温度最好在600℃以上,最佳情况是大约663℃。所选择焊后热处理温度应当尽量减少焊接应力,对焊接部位和受热区域的硬度提供充分的“回火”。而且,如果需要的话,防止没有受热的基体金属过份回火而获得所必需的焊接强度。本发明所提供的转子修复技术一般包括在焊接修复的局部地区进后焊后热处理。这个局部应力解除步骤包括将全部修复区域加热,并且沿转子轴向加热并和任何事先选定的轴向和径向温度梯度相适应。
对焊接区域进行焊后热处理之后,经上述工艺修复的汽轮机零件20、40和50用喷砂清理而且进行非破坏性检查,如:磁铁粉,染色穿透或超声检查。用测焊接层的硬度,和对用同样焊接操作方法制造成的金属试棒进行抗拉试验,这些方法来做机械检查。然后汽轮机零件准备来作最后的尺寸大小的检查和最后加工工序,即生产出单个的齿14。
从前面所述,可以看到本发明提供了一种改进的修复高压汽轮机零件的工艺。使用的焊接方法,所用的合金和热处理工艺为被修复的零件表面提供了一种优越的高温特性。这些特征包括,例如:提供比这些零件的基体金属更好的防断裂和疲劳特性。虽然提供了各种实施例,这些实施例的目的是为了说明发明并不是限制了发明,对本专业技术人员来说是明显的各种修改,都包括在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (13)
1、一种汽轮机的含有铬、钼和钒的铁合金制成的零件(20)的被磨损表面的修复方法,其特征在于在所说的被磨损面上堆焊第一层金属,这样在零件(20)上就形成了一个受热区域,第二层焊接金属堆焊在所说的第一层上,因而,所说的第二层焊接金属至少使所说的零件(20)的受热区域的一部份回火。
2、按权利要求1的一种方法,这里所说的汽轮机零件包括重量占大约1.05%~1.35%的铬,大约1.00%-1.30%的钼和大约0.21~0.29%的钒,其特征在于:使用气体保护钨极电弧焊,等离子电弧焊,电子束焊,激光束焊和气体保护金属极焊中任一种来进行所说的第一层和第二层堆焊。
3、根据权利要求2所说的方法,其特征在于:所说的汽轮机零件在进行所说的焊接时,应进行温度至少为177℃的预热。
4、根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:用气体保护金属极电弧焊进行第一层和第二层堆焊。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所说的电焊操作的使用电流为40~200安培。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法,在那儿所说的汽轮机零件是具有至少一个被磨损了塔形尖顶的转子,其特征在于:将所说的被磨损塔形尖顶用机械方法从所说的转子上去掉,产生一个加工面,然后在所说的加工面上在转子的横向堆复第一层珠焊,在所说的加工面上,在转子的横面堆复的第二层珠焊和第一层间隔开。
7、根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所说的第一焊接引板的位置至少是沿着所说转子的第一纵向边沿,为所说的焊接至少提供一个起始工作面,而第二焊接引板的位置在所说的转子的第二纵向边沿,和所说的第一纵向边沿横向相对,为所说的焊接提供中止面。
8、根据权利要求7所说的方法,其特征在于:所说的第一和第二引板焊到所说的带有一个隔离层的转子上,隔离层至少由二层重叠焊层堆焊而成。
9、根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所说的隔离层含有铬。
10、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:基体金属的层间温度维持在300℃以下。
11、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所说的汽轮机零件和所说的第一和第二焊接金属在所说的第一和第二层焊接金属堆焊以后,其温度维持在149℃~260℃之间。
12、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于:这里所说的汽轮机零件和所说的第一和第二焊层被加热到500℃以上。
13、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所说的汽轮机零件上安置铜侧板,用来吸收热量而且所说的侧板是用水冷却的。
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US07/190,324 US4903888A (en) | 1988-05-05 | 1988-05-05 | Turbine system having more failure resistant rotors and repair welding of low alloy ferrous turbine components by controlled weld build-up |
US190324 | 1988-05-05 |
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JP (1) | JP3175109B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR970010880B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1018164B (zh) |
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1988
- 1988-05-05 US US07/190,324 patent/US4903888A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-04-24 CA CA000597776A patent/CA1320542C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-02 JP JP11355689A patent/JP3175109B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-03 IT IT8941586A patent/IT1233357B/it active
- 1989-05-04 CN CN89102938A patent/CN1018164B/zh not_active Expired
- 1989-05-04 ES ES898901536A patent/ES2014611A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-06 KR KR1019890006125A patent/KR970010880B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-01-26 US US09/013,470 patent/USRE37562E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN100411807C (zh) * | 2005-11-11 | 2008-08-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | 采用司太立合金焊接汽轮机主蒸汽进汽插管外表面的方法 |
CN100457384C (zh) * | 2005-11-11 | 2009-02-04 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | 一种用司太立合金焊接汽轮机主蒸汽进汽插管外表面的方法 |
CN102052384A (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-05-11 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | 大型动力机械的轴及其轴颈表面的修复方法 |
CN102052384B (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-05-29 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | 大型动力机械的轴及其轴颈表面的修复方法 |
CN102837134A (zh) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-26 | 通用电气公司 | 制造构件的方法和成品构件 |
CN103361641A (zh) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-23 | 通用电气公司 | 连结构件的方法、用于使构件抗腐蚀的方法及涡轮叶片 |
CN104246133A (zh) * | 2012-04-13 | 2014-12-24 | 卡特彼勒公司 | 延长使用过的涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮的使用寿命的方法 |
US9534499B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2017-01-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of extending the service life of used turbocharger compressor wheels |
CN105088222A (zh) * | 2013-06-29 | 2015-11-25 | 丁雪强 | 模具表面的激光熔覆修复方法 |
CN106573350A (zh) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-04-19 | 西门子能源有限公司 | 制造燃气涡轮发动机部件的方法 |
CN107186317A (zh) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种用于管道维修的自动回火堆焊方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1233357B (it) | 1992-03-27 |
KR890017029A (ko) | 1989-12-14 |
US4903888A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
CA1320542C (en) | 1993-07-20 |
JP3175109B2 (ja) | 2001-06-11 |
KR970010880B1 (ko) | 1997-07-02 |
IT8941586A0 (it) | 1989-05-03 |
USRE37562E1 (en) | 2002-02-26 |
JPH01315603A (ja) | 1989-12-20 |
CN1018164B (zh) | 1992-09-09 |
ES2014611A6 (es) | 1990-07-16 |
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