CN103567374B - 用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料以及制备该涂层材料的方法 - Google Patents

用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料以及制备该涂层材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN103567374B
CN103567374B CN201210592987.1A CN201210592987A CN103567374B CN 103567374 B CN103567374 B CN 103567374B CN 201210592987 A CN201210592987 A CN 201210592987A CN 103567374 B CN103567374 B CN 103567374B
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crn
deposition
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CN103567374A (zh
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车星澈
姜同河
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22D17/2209Selection of die materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料以及制备该涂层材料的方法。该涂层材料包括形成在基材的表面上的CrN结合层、布置在CrN结合层的表面上的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层、以及布置在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上的TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层。由于涂层材料优异的耐咬合性、耐热性和高温稳定性,用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料可在高温环境下保持模具的物理特性,从而延长模具的使用寿命。

Description

用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料以及制备该涂层材料的方法
相关专利的交叉引用
本申请基于35U.S.C.§119要求于2012年8月7日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2012-86083号的优先权,其全部公开内容通过引用的方式合并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料以及制备该涂层材料的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及具有多层结构并显示出改善的耐咬合性和模具耐用性的铝压铸模具用的涂层材料,以及制备该涂层材料的方法,其中多层结构包括CrN结合层、TiAlN/CrN纳米多层、TiAlN/CrSiN或TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层。
背景技术
近年来,由于制造工艺已经变得自动化并以高速执行,多种金属材料,例如模具、机械结构等,在更苛刻的条件下使用。
具体而言,由于连续的高负载和高冲击,铝压铸模具需要高水平的物理性能,因此铝压铸模具的使用寿命由模具材料、模具设计、工作条件、模具的热处理以及表面处理等决定。因为热冲击造成的热裂、熔融铝造成的咬合和磨损、高温工作环境(例如,高达750℃)造成的热塑炼等,使用寿命降低。
因此,已做出各种尝试来防止模具使用寿命的缩短并保持模具性能。具体地,已进行广泛的有效研究来开发具有优异物理特性例如耐咬合性、耐磨性、低磨性、耐热性、耐酸性等的涂层材料。
对于传统模具,将基于钛(Ti)、铬(Cr)等的氮化物或碳化物用作表面保护涂层材料。具体地,在铝压铸模具中,通常将氮化铝钛(TiAlN)或氮化铬铝(AlCrN)用作涂层材料。然而,TiAlN不具有充足的耐热性以用作暴露于高达约750℃高温环境的铝压铸模具的涂层材料,且TiAlN具有较差的热稳定性,例如,当暴露于高温环境时,显示出较差的物理特性。
此外,相比于TiAlN,AlCrN具有相对优良的耐热性,但其耐咬合性较差,所以熔融的合金例如铝可容易地附着至模具的表面,导致模具的使用寿命缩短并降低铸铁产品的质量。
以上作为本发明相关技术而提供的描述仅用于帮助理解本发明的背景,不应当视为包括在本领域技术人员所知的相关技术中。
发明内容
本发明已建议解决以上缺点,并提供相比于传统氮化铝钛(TiAlN)或氮化铬铝(AlCrN)涂层材料具有优良耐热性、高温稳定性和耐咬合性的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料,从而延长模具的使用寿命。本发明也提供制备该涂层材料的方法。
根据本发明实施方式的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料包括,形成在基材表面上的氮化铬(CrN)结合层、布置在CrN结合层的表面上的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层、以及布置在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上的TiAlN/CrSi(C)N(氮化硅碳铬)纳米多层。
此外,TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层可具有0.5~5μm的厚度。CrN结合层和TiAlN/CrN纳米多层可分别具有0.5~5μm的厚度。
根据本发明实施方式的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料的制备方法包括,响应于经气体入口输入氮气而形成的氮气氛围,使用Cr靶材将CrN结合层沉积在基材的表面上,使用TiAl靶材和Cr靶材将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的CrN结合层的表面上,以及使用TiAl靶材和CrSi靶材将TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层表面上。
根据本发明实施方式的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料的制备方法包括,响应于经气体入口输入氮气而形成的氮气氛围,使用Cr靶材将CrN结合层沉积在基材的表面上,使用TiAl靶材和Cr靶材将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的CrN结合层的表面上,以及响应于经气体入口输入乙炔气(C2H2而形成的乙炔气(C2H2氛围,使用TiAl靶材和CrSi靶材将TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上,。
另外,可通过将TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积为约0.5~5μm的厚度而进行TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层的沉积。可通过将TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层沉积为约0.5~5μm的厚度而进行TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层的沉积。可通过将CrN结合层沉积至约0.5~5μm的厚度而进行CrN结合层的沉积,并通过将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积至约0.5~5μm的厚度而进行TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积。
此外,可通过将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积为TiAlN/CrN纳米多层中的Ti、Al和Cr的比值为1:1:1,来进行TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积。可通过将TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积为TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层中的Ti、Al、Cr和Si的比值为1:1:0.9:0.1,来进行TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层的沉积。可通过将TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层沉积为TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层中的Ti、Al、Cr、Si和C的比值为1:1:0.8:0.1:0.1,来进行TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层的沉积。
此外,可使用物理气相沉积(PVD)法来实施沉积。
附图说明
现参考在附图中图示的示例性实施方式来详细描述本发明的以上和其它特征,附图在以下仅以说明的方式给出,因此并不限制本发明,其中:
图1是示出根据相关技术的铝压铸模具的中心翅片上的咬合的示例图;
图2是示出根据本发明示例性实施方式的TiAlCrSi(C)N涂层材料的结构的示例图;
图3是示出根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于制造涂层材料的物理气相沉积(PVD)系统的示例图;
图4是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有传统TiAlN涂层材料的模具的示例图;
图5是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有传统AlCrN涂层材料的模具的示例图;
图6是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有根据本发明示例性实施方式的涂层材料的模具的示例图;以及
图7是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转27小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有根据本发明示例性实施方式的涂层材料的模具的示例图。
具体实施方式
本文所用的术语仅仅是出于描述具体的实施方式的目的,并不意在限制本发明。本文所用的单数形式“一个/一种”、“该”意在同样包括复数形式,除非上下文以其他方式明确指出。还应当理解,在用于本说明书时,术语“包含”、“包括”和/或“含有”是指所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、和/或组件的存在,但并不排除一种或多种其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、和/或组件的存在或加入。本文所用的术语“和/或”包括一种或多种相关所列项的任意或所有组合。
除非特别说明或从上下文清楚看出,本文所用的术语“约”应理解为在本领域的正常容许范围内,例如在均值的2个标准差内。“约”可以理解为在所述数值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非另外从上下文清楚得到,本文提供的所有数值都被术语“约”所修饰。
本发明所使用的术语“TiAlCrSi(C)N”是指“TiAlCrSiN”或“TiAlCrSiCN”,且本文所使用的术语“TiAlN/CrSi(C)N”是指“TiAlN/CrSiN”或“TiAlN/CrSiCN”。
以下将参照附图详细描述本发明的实施方式。
图1是示出在铝压铸模具的中心翅片上出现咬合的示例图。如图1所示,当使用铝压铸模具进行铸造时,从铝熔融金属生成咬合产物10。咬合产物10可降低模具表面的硬度,并可造成裂缝、模具损坏等,从而缩短模具寿命。
此外,铝压铸模具通常需要高水平的物理特性,以承受由极端高的压力和高循环造成的苛刻条件。用作传统涂层材料的TiAlN或AlCrN可表现出较差的耐热性、高温稳定性、耐咬合性等,因此在模具使用寿命的延长上具有局限性。因此,本发明提供TiAlCrSi(C)N涂层材料。
图2是示出根据本发明示例性实施方式的TiAlCrSi(C)N涂层材料的结构的示例图。如图2中所示,根据本发明示例性实施方式的涂层材料可包括,形成在基材100表面上的CrN结合层110、配置成支撑功能层而被布置在CrN结合层110的表面上的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120、以及布置在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120的表面上的功能层TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130。
此外,铝压铸模具的基材还可在必要的时候包括氮化合(nitrification)过程形成的厚度为80至120μm的氮化物层。
此外,CrN结合层110因其高化学稳定性例如耐腐蚀性及其机械特性例如硬度、耐摩擦性、润滑特性等而被广泛运用。因此,在本发明中,CrN结合层110可被用作结合层,以将残余应力降至最低并改善韧性、耐疲劳性、耐冲击性等。
此外,TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120可用作支承层,以改善铝压铸模具所需的特性,例如耐热性、耐酸性、耐咬合性等。TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130可用作功能层,以改善本发明的涂层材料的特性,例如耐热性、耐酸性、耐磨性、高温下低摩擦力、以及耐咬合性。
换言之,耐磨性和耐冲击性是相互矛盾的特性,其可使用耐冲击性高的CrN结合层110以及耐磨性高的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120与TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130来进行改善。
此外,CrN结合层110可具有约0.5~5μm的厚度。当厚度小于约0.5μm时,不充分量的构成材料可引起耐性效力的降低,反之,当厚度超过约5μm时,涂层可能会剥落。
此外,TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120和TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130可分别具有约0.5~5μm的厚度。当厚度小于约0.5μm时,两个不同的层可能会混合,导致难以形成多层结构,并因此降低材料的品质。另一方面,当厚度超过约5μm时,两层之间的匹配形变(matchedtransformation)可能被破坏,导致硬度变差。
用涂层涂覆金属基材表面的方法可被划分为PVD法和化学气相沉积(CVD)法。
PVD是一种干燥加工方法,其向靶材提供负极性并且在以气相状态提供离子化金属时在材料(例如,基材)的表面上沉积离子化金属材料。在PVD法中,离子化的金属材料可均匀地涂覆到基材的表面上,并使用细离子颗粒改善粘附性。
换言之,在本发明中,PVD法采用电弧、高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HIPIMS)和电感耦合等离子体(ICP),以获得纳米级沉积以及涂层材料颗粒的高速涂覆。
图3是根据本发明的用于制造涂层材料的PVD系统的示例图。如图3所示,该PVD系统可包括腔室200;泵210、Cr靶材220、TiAl靶材230、CrSi靶材240以及气体入口250;和安装在腔室200上的加热单元260;以及安装在腔室200内的旋转支架270上的模具(例如,基材)。
作为涂层的预处理工序,可使用泵210将腔室200的内部转变为真空状态,并通过经气体入口250输入氩气而转变为等离子体状态。
此外,清洁基材100的表面,并通过使用加热装置260将腔室200加热至约80℃并通过对模具施加预定电压使正氩离子碰撞模具的表面,从而活化基材100的表面。此外,可通过气体入口250在腔室200中输入氮气(N2),以形成氮气(N2)氛围,并且可使用Cr靶材220将Cr离子供应至基材100的表面,将CrN结合层110沉积为约0.5~5μm的厚度。
另外,使用旋转支架270,将沉积有CrN结合层110的模具选择性地暴露于配置成提供Ti和Al离子的TiAl靶材230以及配置成提供Cr离子的Cr靶材220,可将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120沉积为约0.5~5μm的厚度,其中TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120的结构是TiAlN层和CrN层交替堆叠在CrN结合层110的表面上。
TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120可以是配置成改善基材100的耐热性、耐酸性、耐磨性和韧性的支承层,且可根据各个层的交替堆叠而沉积形成Ti、Al和Cr在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120中的比值为1:1:1,以将基材的耐热性、耐酸性、耐磨性和韧性最大化。
此外,通过将沉积有TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120的模具选择性地暴露于配置成提供Ti和Al离子的TiAl靶材230和配置成提供Cr和Si离子的CrSi靶材240,可将TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130沉积为约0.5~5μm的厚度,其中TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130的结构是TiAlN层和CrSi(C)N层交替堆叠在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120的表面上。当进行上述工艺,以响应于经气体入口250在腔室200中输入乙炔气(C2H2)而在腔室200中形成乙炔气(C2H2)氛围时,可用所供应的碳(C)沉积TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层,其中TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层的结构是TiAlN层和CrSiCN层交替堆叠在TiAlN/CrN纳米多层120的表面上。
TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130可以是配置成改善本发明涂层材料的特性如耐热性、耐酸性、耐磨性、高温下低摩擦和耐咬合性的功能层。由于各个层交替堆叠以将上述效果最大化,TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层130可被沉积形成Ti、Al、Cr、Si和(C)的比值为1:1:(0.8~)0.9:0.1:(0.1)。
表1
表1列出了通过本发明示例性实施方式的TiAlCrSiCN涂层材料与传统TiAlN和AlCrN涂层材料的比较而得到的结果。
通过在极低的负载下,将压头插入试样,以测量硬度;使用钻头(diamond tip)将力施加至涂覆的表面以产生一排槽,当将施加给钻头上的负载增加时,在层开始脱落时的负载下测量粘附性;使用铁珠,通过在均匀负载下对涂覆的表面加压,使用得到的轨迹(trajectory)来测量厚度;为响应于在高温箱内于N2-20%O2的氛围下将温度保持在特定温度,氧化温度被测定为通过氧化形成的氧化层的厚度达到约200nm时的温度;以及为响应于在腔室中于N2-20%O2的氛围下保持约700℃的高温,测量硬度的变化。
如表1所列,根据本发明的涂层材料的氧化温度为950℃,其高于TiAlN和AlCrN涂层材料的氧化温度,这表明根据本发明的涂层材料比传统的涂层材料具有更高的耐热性。
此外,根据本发明的涂层材料的硬度为3367HV,且响应于保持高温的硬度为3359HV,显示出比传统涂层材料更少的物理特性变化,这表明根据本发明的涂层材料比传统涂层材料具有更高的高温稳定性。
图4是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有传统TiAlN涂层材料的模具的示例图。图5是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有传统AlCrN涂层材料的模具的示例图。图6是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转6小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有根据本发明涂层材料的模具的示例图。图7是示出于铝熔融金属中浸渍并旋转27小时后用氢氧化钠清洗的涂覆有根据本发明涂层材料的模具的示例图。
此外,氢氧化钠可移除铝咬合产物。在涂覆有传统涂层材料的模具中,在模具上观察到表面缺陷。但是,在涂覆有本发明涂层材料的模具中,未观察到表面缺陷。由于通过本发明涂层材料的使用而改善的模具耐咬合性,以及TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层的存在,在涂覆有本发明涂层材料的模具上未观察到表面缺陷,。
如上所述,与传统的涂层材料相比,本发明的涂层材料具有优异的物理性能,例如耐酸性、耐热性、硬度和耐咬合性,因此可有效延长铝压铸模具的使用寿命,引起模具维护成本降低和生产率改善的多种优势。
通常而言,耐咬合性是指在铸造工序期间防止一些熔融金属附着至模具的特性。因此,与传统的TiAlN或AlCrN涂层材料相比,本发明的涂层材料因耐咬合性高而可用于改善铸铁产品的质量和生产率。
已参照其示例性实施方式详细描述了本发明。然而,本领域技术人员应该理解,可在不偏离本发明原则的情况下,对这些实施方式做出改变或修改,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同方式限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料,其包括:
CrN结合层,形成在基材的表面上;
TiAlN/CrN纳米多层,通过TiAlN层和CrN层交替堆叠而形成在所述CrN结合层的表面上;以及
TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层,通过TiAlN层和CrSi(C)N层交替堆叠而形成在所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上,
其中术语“TiAlN/CrSi(C)N”是指“TiAlN/CrSiN”或“TiAlN/CrSiCN”。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrSi(C)N纳米多层具有0.5~5μm的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料,其中,
所述CrN结合层和所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层分别具有0.5~5μm的厚度。
4.一种制备用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料的方法,包括:
响应于经腔室的气体入口输入氮气(N2)而形成的氮气(N2)氛围,使用Cr靶材,将CrN结合层沉积在基材的表面上;
使用TiAl靶材和所述Cr靶材,通过交替堆叠TiAlN层和CrN层将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的CrN结合层的表面上;以及
使用所述TiAl靶材和CrSi靶材,通过交替堆叠TiAlN层和CrSiN层将TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层的沉积还包括将所述TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,
所述CrN结合层的沉积还包括,将所述CrN结合层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度,所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积还包括,将所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积还包括,沉积所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层(120),使所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层中的Ti、Al和Cr的原子比为1:1:1。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层的沉积还包括,沉积所述TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层,使所述TiAlN/CrSiN纳米多层中的Ti、Al、Cr和Si的原子比为1:1:0.9:0.1。
9.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,
使用物理气相沉积法进行所述沉积。
10.一种制造用于铝压铸模具的涂层材料的方法,包括:
响应于经腔室的气体入口输入氮气(N2)而形成的氮气(N2)氛围,使用Cr靶材,将CrN结合层沉积在基材的表面上;
使用TiAl靶材和所述Cr靶材,通过交替堆叠TiAlN层和CrN层将TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的CrN结合层的表面上;以及
响应于经所述腔室的气体入口输入乙炔气(C2H2)而形成的乙炔气(C2H2)氛围,使用所述TiAl靶材和CrSi靶材,通过交替堆叠TiAlN层和CrSiCN层将TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层沉积在所沉积的TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的表面上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层的沉积还包括,将所述TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,
所述CrN结合层的沉积还包括,将所述CrN结合层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度,所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积还包括,将所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层沉积为0.5~5μm的厚度。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层的沉积还包括,沉积所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层,使所述TiAlN/CrN纳米多层中的Ti、Al和Cr的原子比为1:1:1。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
通过沉积所述TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层使所述TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层中的Ti、Al、Cr、Si和C的量的原子比为1:1:0.8:0.1:0.1,来进行所述TiAlN/CrSiCN纳米多层的沉积。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
使用物理气相沉积法进行所述沉积。
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