CN103533908B - 器械接口 - Google Patents

器械接口 Download PDF

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CN103533908B
CN103533908B CN201280022959.4A CN201280022959A CN103533908B CN 103533908 B CN103533908 B CN 103533908B CN 201280022959 A CN201280022959 A CN 201280022959A CN 103533908 B CN103533908 B CN 103533908B
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T·W·罗杰斯
J·R·斯蒂格
G·M·普里斯科
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
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    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/2902Details of shaft characterized by features of the actuating rod
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2059Mechanical position encoders

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Abstract

本发明涉及器械接口。用于机器人医疗器械的机械接口允许器械与驱动系统的接合,而不引起器械的被驱动的部分的运动。器械接口可以包括在医疗器械和驱动系统中的一个上的对称的锥形或圆柱形突起和在驱动系统或医疗器械中的另一个中的互补的孔。不管驱动系统相对于医疗器械的旋转角度如何,突起与孔的对称允许突起被压紧配合到孔内。

Description

器械接口
背景技术
诸如用于微创医疗程序的机器人控制的系统可以包括大且复杂的设备,以便精确地控制和驱动相对小的工具或器械。(如在本文中所使用的,术语“机器人”或“机器人地”等包括远程操作或远程机器人方面。)图1A图示说明了已知的机器人控制的系统100的示例。系统100包括具有多个臂130的病人侧推车110,该系统100例如可以是从直觉外科公司获得的外科手术系统的一部分。每个臂130具有对接端口140,对接端口140一般包括驱动系统,该驱动系统具有用于安装并为器械150的运转提供机械动力的机械接口。臂130可以在医疗程序期间被用来移动和定位用于该程序的各个医疗器械150。
图1B示出了已知的器械150的底部视图。器械150一般包括传动机构或后端机构152、从后端机构152延伸的主管154和在主管154的远端处的功能尖端156。尖端156一般包括医疗工具,诸如外科手术刀、剪刀、钳子或可以在医疗程序期间使用的烧灼器械。驱动缆或腱155连接至尖端156,并且延伸通过主管154到达后端机构152。后端机构152通常在器械150的驱动腱与驱动系统140的机械接口的机动轴之间提供机械联接。具体地,齿轮或盘153具有诸如突起或孔口的特征部,其被定位、被定尺寸以及被成形为接合驱动系统140的机械接口上的互补的特征部。在典型的器械中,盘153的旋转拉动各个腱155,并且驱动尖端156中的对应的机械链接件。系统100因此可以根据需要控制驱动腱155中的运动和张力,以定位、定向以及操作尖端156。例如,在Tierney等人的标题为“Surgical Robotic Tools,DataArchitecture,and Use”的美国专利No.7,048,745中描述了已知的外科手术系统的另外的细节,其整个内容被并入本文以供参考。
系统100的器械150可以通过从驱动系统140中移除一个器械150来互换,然后安装另一器械150代替被移除的器械。一般而言,安装过程需要盘153上的特征部与驱动系统140的互补的特征部合适地接合。然而,在安装之前,器械150上的盘153的取向一般不为病人侧推车110所知。另外,由于在医疗程序之间对复杂设备进行清洁以及灭菌的困难性,诸如病人侧推车110的用于医疗程序的设备往往被无菌屏障遮盖。这些无菌屏障可以包括被插入对接端口140与器械后端152之间的无菌适配器(未示出)。例如,在上面提及的美国专利No.7,048,745和Anderson等人的标题为“Sterile Surgical Adaptor”的美国专利No.7,699,855描述了一些示例性无菌屏障和适配器系统,美国专利No.7,699,855的整个内容被并入本文以供参考。
器械150的典型安装过程涉及不管驱动系统140上的盘153的取向如何,安装后端机构152,可能具有介于其间的无菌适配器。然后驱动系统140中的驱动马达可以在安装过程中来回地旋转多次,以确保互补的特征部相互紧密配合以及牢固地接合,用于新安装的器械150的操作。在安装过程中的某一时刻,驱动马达牢固地接合,从而使各个盘153旋转。然而,在安装过程中,正被安装的器械150有时可能以不可预测的方式运动,因为驱动马达在不同的以及不可预测的时间与器械150的各个盘153真正地接合。当器械插入病人体内时,这种不可预测的运动是不可接受的。一般而言,在器械150周围需要净空间,以便在安装过程中容纳器械尖端的随机运动。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,用于机器人医疗器械的机械接口允许器械与驱动系统接合,而不引起器械的尖端的运动。因此,在器械被手动地摆放在期望的构造中之后,或者甚至在器械已经被插入用于医疗程序之后,器械能够与病人侧推车中的驱动系统接合。这允许器械的手动插入,随后进行器械的机器人控制。
在一个实施例中,器械接口包括在医疗器械和驱动系统(可能包括无菌屏障)中的一个上的对称的锥形或圆柱形突起和在驱动系统或器械中的另一个中的互补的孔。在圆柱形突起和孔的情况下,孔的直径可以收缩,例如,利用缠绕在包含孔的机械元件上的腱中的张力来减小孔的直径,并且为器械提供充足的摩擦力,从而将驱动扭矩传递至医疗器械。在任何情况下,不管驱动系统相对于器械的旋转角度如何,突起与孔的对称允许突起被压紧配合到孔内。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中,系统包括医疗器械和驱动系统。该医疗器械包括可旋转元件,当所述可旋转元件旋转时驱动医疗器械。所述驱动系统具有接口,所述接口被配置为可释放地接合所述医疗器械,并且所述可旋转元件的第一特征部和所述接口的第二特征部被成形为相互接合,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转。
本发明的另一实施例是医疗器械。所述医疗器械包括被驱动的结构和机械元件,所述机械元件被连接为使得所述机械元件的旋转驱动所述被驱动的结构。所述机械元件具有接合特征部,所述接合特征部被成形为使得对于所述被驱动的结构的任何摆放/姿势(pose),所述接合特征部可以接合驱动系统上的互补的接合特征部,而不引起驱动所述被驱动的结构的旋转。
本发明的又一实施例是用于医疗器械的驱动系统。驱动系统包括马达;以及接口,所述接口被联接至所述马达,并且被配置为可释放地接合所述医疗器械,使得所述马达的旋转驱动所述医疗器械。所述接口包括接合特征部,所述接合特征部被成形为使得对于所述医疗器械的任何摆放,所述接合特征部可以接合所述医疗器械的互补的接合特征部,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转。
本发明的再一实施例是用于接合医疗器械和驱动系统的方法。该方法包括使所述医疗器械的可旋转元件上的第一特征部与所述驱动系统的驱动元件上的第二特征部接触,而不使所述元件中的任何一个旋转。然后施加接合力,以便在所述可旋转元件与驱动元件之间产生摩擦,而不使所述元件中的任何一个旋转。因此当接合时,所述驱动系统可以被操作以驱动所述医疗器械,并且所述摩擦将所述驱动系统施加于第一可旋转元件的扭矩传递给第二可旋转元件,并且由此驱动机械器械。
附图说明
图1A示出了可以使用根据本发明的实施例的医疗器械的机器人控制的系统的病人侧推车。
图1B示出了使用为与驱动马达对准需要旋转的驱动齿轮或盘的已知的医疗器械的底部视图。
图2示出了本发明的实施例,其中器械可以接合一组驱动马达,而不移动或驱动器械的工作尖端。
图3示出了根据本发明的实施例的后端机构的驱动马达和机械元件,其中驱动马达可以接合后端机构,而不使机械元件转动。
图4图示说明了本发明的实施例,其中无菌适配器的一部分被插入医疗器械的后端机构的驱动马达与机械元件之间。
图5示出了本发明的实施例,其中医疗器械具有锥形突起,该锥形突起可以接合驱动马达,而不移动或驱动医疗器械的尖端。
图6示出了本发明的实施例,该实施例使用由缠绕在绞盘上的腱引起的压紧来收缩绞盘中的孔和接合驱动马达。
图7图示说明了本发明的实施例,该实施例使用浮动的或宽松的轴来适应/调节(accommodate)驱动机构与医疗器械之间的偏差。
图8图示说明了本发明的实施例,该实施例使用柔性轴来适应驱动机构与医疗器械之间的偏差。
在不同附图中使用相同的附图标记表示相似或相同项。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的一个方面,医疗器械可以被安装在驱动系统上,并与驱动系统接合,而不驱动或者使器械的接头或尖端运动。可以利用对称的机械元件来实施无驱动的接合,该对称的机械元件通过压紧或摩擦牢固地接合,以维持器械的驱动机构与机械接口的相对取向。在一个实施例中,驱动系统或后端机构的对称的锥形轴配合到后端机构或驱动系统的机械元件中的对称的锥形孔或槽内,并且摩擦维持轴与带槽的机械元件的取向。在另一具体实施例中,对称的轴可以插入包含孔的机械元件内,孔的直径收缩从而牢固地保持轴与机械元件的相对取向。例如,驱动马达的轴可以配合到绞盘内的孔内,绞盘是充分柔性的使得缠绕在绞盘上的腱中的张力引起孔收缩(collapse)在轴上。在不驱动器械的情况下安装器械的能力允许在器械被安装在驱动系统上之前使器械摆放在期望的构造中,并且允许在器械已经被插入套管内或甚至插入病人体内之后安装器械。
图2图示说明了本发明的实施例,其中医疗器械200具有安装在驱动系统220上的后端机构210,驱动系统220具有一个或更多个锥形驱动轴230。驱动系统220可以是诸如图1的病人侧推车110的医疗系统的对接端口或工具保持器的一部分,其允许器械200针对不同的医疗程序或在医疗程序期间被安装或被移除。锥形轴230可以是驱动系统220的驱动马达240的轴,或可以是附接至马达轴并将马达旋转传递给后端机构210用于使器械200的例如器械尖端156的接合部分运动的单独元件。一般而言,器械尖端156可以是除了在图2中被示为在主轴154的远端上之外的任何类型,其中腱155延伸通过主轴154并连接至尖端156。后端机构210通常包含传动机构(未示出),其将马达240的旋转转换为腱155的运动,腱155操作器械200的接头,包括尖端156中的接头。
锥形轴230可以是简单的、低成本的且稳健的机械元件,其利用常规技术而被精确加工,以产生具有圆形横截面的锥形形状。多种类型的锥体能够被使用在锥形轴230上。例如,可以使用具有或不具有末端柄脚或导向装置的莫氏圆锥。锥形轴230在其轴上自由旋转,并且关于其各自的旋转轴线对称,即具有圆形横截面。
每个锥形轴230被进一步成形为配合到后端机构210的机械元件260中的互补的锥形孔口250或槽中。例如,机械元件260可以是具有锥形孔口250的中空心轴,锥形孔口250与对应的锥形轴230的形状匹配,并且特别是具有与锥形轴220的横截面匹配的圆形横截面。更一般地,锥形孔口250可以被形成在器械后端210的任何机械元件260中,该机械元件260在其轴上自由旋转,其中后端机构210的机械传动系统将带槽的机械元件260的旋转转换为腱155和器械尖端156的运动。例如,图3示出了马达240的锥形轴230如何直接配合到绞盘260中的锥形孔口或孔250内。在一个具体实施例中,锥形孔口250被形成在将运动传递给腱155的绞盘中,如在标题为“Passive Preload and Capstan Drive for SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利申请公开No.2010/0082041中所描述的,该专利申请公开的整个内容被并入本文以供参考。更一般地,绞盘仅是可以被使用在后端机构210内以将马达旋转转换为腱运动以及器械驱动的机械元件260的一个示例。
图4示意地图示说明了无菌屏障中的无菌适配器400如何可以被插入驱动元件440与可旋转以驱动医疗器械的机械元件260之间。在图示说明的结构中,无菌适配器400包括在圆周轴承420中自由旋转的元件410,圆周轴承420通过迷宫式密封保持无菌屏障,迷宫式密封执行期望的医疗功能,同时允许元件410围绕对应于驱动元件440和可旋转元件260的旋转轴的轴旋转。例如,元件410可以是大约0.5至2mm厚的一层硬质塑料,其可以被模塑为插入驱动元件440与可旋转元件260中的孔口250之间。具体地,图4中的元件410被成形为在操纵器侧接收驱动元件440,并且具有配合到可旋转元件260中的锥形孔口250内的突起,可旋转元件260是医疗器械的后端机构的一部分的。无菌薄板430或无菌屏障的其他部分可以被连接至轴承420,以保持手术区域无菌。图4以示意的方式图示说明了无菌适配器的特征部,以图示说明与本发明有关的一般工作原理。在上面被并入本文以供参考的美国专利No.7,048,745和No.7,699,855提供了用于医疗器械的一些无菌适配器的特征部的另外的描述。
图4还示出了本发明的实施例,其中驱动元件440具有可以接合屏障元件410而不旋转的锥形形状。可替换地,驱动元件440可以具有键槽表面或粗糙表面,而屏障元件可以是光滑的但足够柔软以被迫到驱动元件440上。在另一可替换的实施例中,驱动元件440具有带有突起或凹口的键槽接合特征部,突起或凹口接合屏障元件410的互补特征部。通过驱动元件440和屏障元件410的操纵器侧上的键槽特征部,驱动元件440或屏障元件410的旋转可以是必需的,以便在无菌屏障被配合到操纵器时对准键槽特征部。然而,无菌屏障可以被配合到操纵器一次用于医疗程序,并且在任何医疗器械被接合在操纵器上之前被配合。当接合驱动系统上的器械时,不需要驱动元件440、屏障元件410或可旋转元件260的旋转,因为屏障元件410的器械侧具有被成形为配合孔250而没有任何旋转的表面。
在具有或不具有插入的无菌适配器的情况下,使用图2的系统的器械接合可以通过使器械后端210中的孔口240滑动到对接端口220的锥形轴230上而执行。闩锁或其他机构270可以被用来提供接合力,该接合力将后端机构210压在对接端口220上并将锥形轴230驱动到锥形孔口250内。轴230和孔口250的形状自动地适应器械200与驱动系统220之间的一些初始偏差,因为锥体将轴230和孔口250导向到期望的相对位置。利用锥形轴230或带槽的元件260的柔性安装可以适应后端机构210与对接端口220之间的另外的偏差或者后端机构210或对接端口220的驱动轴的相对偏差或间距变化,这将在下面进一步描述。当被接合并被保持在适当位置时,穿过接触对应的孔口240的配合内表面的每个锥形轴230的整个表面的压紧与摩擦可以提供大量的扭矩传递,使得不需要键或齿轮齿以将来自驱动系统220的扭矩或旋转运动传递给后端机构210。另外,在结合过程中不需要马达240或后端机构210的带槽的机械元件260的旋转。同样,器械可以在具有带槽的元件260的任何期望构造以及尖端156的任何摆放时接合,并且器械尖端156在接合期间不运动。当尖端156被插入套管中时或甚至被插在病人体内的操作部位处时,没有尖端运动使接合过程成为可能。
在后端机构210与驱动系统220接合之后医疗器械200的控制可以基于医疗器械210的摆放(例如,接头的位置)的测量以及每个马达240的旋转角度的测量。可替换地,可以使用利用测得的与期望的器械摆放或构造之间的差异的控制过程。标题为“TensionControl in Actuation of Multi-Joint Medical Instruments”的美国专利申请No.12/945,734和标题为“Drive Force Control in medical instrument Providing PositionMeasurements”的美国专利申请No.12/780,417描述了用于医疗器械的控制的示例性系统,并且其整个内容被并入本文以供参考。
图2图示说明了一种系统,其中驱动系统220包括一个或更多个锥形轴230,并且器械后端210包括互补的锥形孔口230。图5图示说明了根据可替换的实施例的系统,其中锥形轴530从医疗器械500的后端机构510延伸,并且被旋转以便操作后端机构510内的传动装置,并驱动或使器械500的接头运动。在这种结构下,驱动系统520中的马达240具有带有固定装置540的轴,固定装置540被成形为提供与锥形轴530或无菌适配器的插入部分的形状互补的锥形孔口550。除了使锥形轴和锥形孔的位置相反外,系统500的后端机构510和器械保持器520可以接合,并与在上面关于图2描述的系统200的后端机构210和器械保持器220以相同的方式操作。如上所述,对接系统可以将医疗器械500附接至驱动系统520,并施加接合力,使得特征部530与540之间的摩擦足以传递操作医疗器械500所需的扭矩。例如,对接系统可以包括闩锁270和预加载弹簧570。
根据本发明的另一方面,驱动系统中的马达可以通过由机械元件中的孔口或孔的径向压紧产生的摩擦接合而操作后端机构的机械元件。例如,图6图示说明了包括马达240的系统600,马达240具有圆柱形轴630,圆柱形轴630配合在后端机构的机械元件660中的圆柱形孔内,后端机构例如为图2的后端机构210。机械元件660是绞盘,并且可以被附接至器械的铰接接头的驱动腱655缠绕在绞盘660上。腱655可以是缆、金属丝、细丝或能缠绕在绞盘660上并且可以由金属或合成材料制造的的类似结构。绞盘660是径向柔性的,使得腱655中的张力施加引起绞盘660中的孔的直径减小,由此通过或不通过无菌屏障的介入的基本圆柱形的塑料部件(未示出)将绞盘660夹紧在轴630上。无菌屏障部件、绞盘660或轴630的一个或更多个表面可以包括花键、齿或其他特征部,以改善接合的牵引(traction)和扭矩传递能力,假设无菌适配器的其他表面可以不旋转地与轮廓表面接合。然而,两个表面的花键或齿的紧密配合一般需要轴630和绞盘660的旋转,这可能是不期望的。
接合包括马达240的驱动系统上的器械的过程还可以开始于腱655被充分松弛,使得轴630(具有或不具有无菌屏障的插入部分)可以滑入机械元件660的孔内,而机械元件660没有任何旋转。轴630和机械元件660的孔可以是对称的(例如,具有圆形横截面),使得不管轴630和机械元件660的相对取向如何,轴630都能够被插入机械元件660内。后端机构内的机构然后可以增加或施加预张力至腱655,以引起腱655的缠绕,从而将柔性机械元件660夹紧在轴630上。例如,相对于器械的主体沿近侧方向移动绞盘可以增加自绞盘延伸的腱的两端中的张力,在被联接至腱655的端部的接头上引起相反的扭矩。因此,当张力增加时,接头运动不发生。可替换地,当腱655的仅一端附接至铰接接头时,可以预先设置腱655中的预张力,以允许轴630(通过绞盘、无菌屏障以及输入轴之间的至少一个光滑的圆柱形接口)插入绞盘660,使得当沿增加腱655中的张力的方向被驱动时,绞盘660更牢固地联接至轴630。当沿相反方向被驱动时,绞盘660然后可以被允许相对于轴630滑动。
马达轴630和机械元件660的孔不具有以与利用锥形轴和孔口的本发明的实施例相同的方式适应偏差的锥形。然而,可以在轴630或绞盘660中提供柔度,从而在接合过程中适应马达240和绞盘660的初始偏差。例如,图7示出了本发明的实施例,其中绞盘760以这样的方式被松弛地保持在后端机构的结构770中,其中绞盘760可以移动与轴530对准,然后在绞盘760与马达630接合时主要由轴630和马达240的轴承支撑。可替换地,如在图8中示出的,绞盘860可以由器械的后端机构中的轴承870支撑,但包括弯曲部分,例如弹簧或螺旋结构,以允许运动以便对准轴630与绞盘860。在图7和图8中示出的配件(mounting)的柔度可以适应驱动系统中的驱动元件和医疗器械中的对应的可旋转元件的偏差,以及适应驱动系统中的多个驱动元件相对于医疗器械中的对应的可旋转元件的间距或取向的差异。
尽管已经参照具体实施例描述了本发明,但描述仅是本发明应用的示例,并且不应当被认为是限制。所公开的实施例的特征的各种适应性改变以及组合在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。

Claims (24)

1.一种医疗系统,其包含:
医疗器械,所述医疗器械包括具有第一特征部的可旋转元件,其中所述可旋转元件的旋转驱动所述医疗器械;以及
驱动系统,所述驱动系统具有接口,所述接口被配置为可释放地接合所述医疗器械,所述接口包括具有第二特征部的驱动元件,其中:
所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部中每个均具有圆形横截面;
所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部中的一个包含锥形突起,而所述第一特征部和第二特征部中的另一个包含锥形孔口,所述锥形突起配合到所述锥形孔口内;
所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部被成形使得对于所述可旋转元件相对于所述驱动元件的任何旋转角度,所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部相互接合,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转;并且
所述第一特征部与所述第二特征部之间的摩擦允许所述驱动系统旋转所述可旋转元件,以驱动所述医疗器械。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗系统,其中对于所述医疗器械的任何摆放,所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部不旋转地相互接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医疗系统,其还包含传感器,所述传感器被配置为当所述医疗器械与所述驱动系统接合后测量所述医疗器械的摆放。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医疗系统,其还包含柔性配件,所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部中的一个被安装在所述柔性配件上,其中所述柔性配件提供柔度,所述柔度在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部的偏差。
5.根据权利要求4所述的医疗系统,其中所述柔性配件包含浮动轴承。
6.根据权利要求4所述的医疗系统,其中所述柔性配件包含柔性轴。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医疗系统,其中:
所述医疗器械包括具有各自的第一特征部的多个可旋转元件,其中所述可旋转元件的旋转驱动所述医疗器械;以及
所述接口包括具有各自的第二特征部的多个驱动元件,其中所述第二特征部被成形为接合对应的第一特征部,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的医疗系统,其中所述驱动元件和所述可旋转元件中至少之一具有柔性配件,所述柔性配件被配置为提供充分的柔度,以便在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述驱动系统和所述医疗器械的预期偏差,以及适应所述驱动元件的轴线与所述可旋转元件的轴线之间的相对偏差。
9.根据权利要求1所述的医疗系统,其中所述驱动系统还包含无菌屏障,所述无菌屏障包括适配器,并且所述第二特征部被形成在所述适配器的表面上。
10.一种医疗器械,其包含:
被驱动的结构;以及
可旋转元件,所述可旋转元件被连接为使得所述可旋转元件的旋转驱动所述被驱动的结构,所述可旋转元件具有接合特征部,所述接合特征部被成形为使得对于所述可旋转元件相对于驱动系统上的互补的接合特征部的任何旋转角度,所述接合特征部接合所述互补的接合特征部,而不引起驱动所述被驱动的结构的旋转,其中:
所述接合特征部包括具有圆形横截面的锥形突起和锥形孔口中的一个,所述圆形横截面被设置为接合驱动系统的所述互补的接合特征部的对应的圆形横截面;并且
所述接合特征部与所述互补的接合特征部的摩擦配合允许所述驱动系统旋转所述可旋转元件,以驱动所述被驱动的结构。
11.根据权利要求10所述的器械,其还包含柔性配件,所述可旋转元件被安装在所述柔性配件上,其中所述柔性配件提供柔度,所述柔度在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述医疗器械的偏差。
12.根据权利要求11所述的器械,其中所述柔性配件包含浮动轴承。
13.根据权利要求11所述的器械,其中所述柔性配件包含柔性轴。
14.根据权利要求10所述的器械,其中所述可旋转元件是多个可旋转元件中的一个,所述多个旋转元件的每个具有各自的接合特征部,所述接合特征部被成形为使得对于所述被驱动的结构的任何摆放,所述接合特征部接合所述驱动系统上的互补的接合特征部,而不引起驱动所述被驱动的结构的旋转。
15.根据权利要求14所述的器械,其还包含分别被联接至所述可旋转元件的柔性配件,其中所述柔性配件被配置为提供充分的柔度,以便在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述驱动系统和所述医疗器械的预期偏差,以及适应所述驱动系统中的所述可旋转元件的轴线与驱动元件的各个轴线之间的相对偏差。
16.一种用于医疗器械的驱动系统,其包含:
马达;以及
接口,所述接口被联接至所述马达,并且被配置为可释放地接合所述医疗器械的可旋转元件的第一特征部,其中当所述接口接合所述第一特征部时,所述马达的旋转使所述第一特征部旋转并且驱动所述医疗器械,所述接口包括具有第二特征部的驱动元件,所述第二特征部与所述第一特征部接合并且被成形为使得对于所述第一特征部相对于所述驱动元件的任何旋转角度,所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部相互接合,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转,其中:
所述第二特征部包括具有圆形横截面的锥形突起和锥形孔口中的一个,所述圆形横截面被设置为接合所述第一特征部的对应的圆形横截面;
所述第一特征部与所述第二特征部的摩擦配合允许所述驱动系统旋转所述可旋转元件,以驱动所述医疗器械的一部分。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其还包含柔性配件,所述第二特征部被安装在所述柔性配件上,其中所述柔性配件提供柔度,所述柔度在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述驱动系统的偏差。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中所述柔性配件包含浮动轴承。
19.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中所述柔性配件包含柔性轴。
20.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述驱动元件是多个驱动元件中的一个,所述多个驱动元件的每个具有各自的接合特征部,所述接合特征部被成形为使得对于所述医疗器械的任何摆放,所述接合特征部接合所述医疗器械上的互补的接合特征部,而不引起驱动所述医疗器械的旋转。
21.根据权利要求20所述的系统,其还包含分别被联接至所述驱动元件的柔性配件,其中所述柔性配件被配置为提供充分的柔度,以便在所述医疗器械接合在所述驱动系统上期间适应所述驱动系统和所述医疗器械的预期偏差,以及适应所述驱动系统中的所述驱动元件的轴线与可旋转元件的各个轴线之间的相对偏差。
22.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其还包含无菌屏障,所述无菌屏障包括形成所述驱动元件的一部分的适配器,其中所述第二特征部被形成在所述适配器的表面上。
23.一种用于接合医疗器械和驱动系统的方法,其包含:
使所述医疗器械的可旋转元件上的第一特征部与所述驱动系统的驱动元件上的第二特征部接触,而不使所述元件中的任何一个旋转;
施加接合力以压紧配合所述第一特征部与所述第二特征部,并且因而在所述第一特征部与所述第二特征部之间产生摩擦,而不使所述元件中的任何一个旋转;以及
操作所述驱动系统以驱动所述医疗器械,其中所述摩擦传递所述驱动元件施加于所述可旋转元件的扭矩,以由此驱动所述医疗器械,其中:
所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部中的一个包含锥形突起;
所述第一特征部和所述第二特征部中的另一个包含锥形孔口,所述锥形突起配合到所述锥形孔口内;
施加所述接合力包括将锥形突起压入所述锥形孔口内。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其还包含在接合所述医疗器械和所述驱动系统之后确定所述医疗器械的摆放。
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