CN103499499A - Micro-field-of-view bilateral dynamic in-situ micro-torsion material mechanical property tester - Google Patents
Micro-field-of-view bilateral dynamic in-situ micro-torsion material mechanical property tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN103499499A CN103499499A CN201310478179.7A CN201310478179A CN103499499A CN 103499499 A CN103499499 A CN 103499499A CN 201310478179 A CN201310478179 A CN 201310478179A CN 103499499 A CN103499499 A CN 103499499A
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Abstract
Disclosed is a micro-field-of-view bilateral dynamic in-situ micro-torsion material mechanical property tester. The tester comprises a base, a direct-current servo motor, a transmission, elastic couplings, two spindles and clamps. The tester is characterized in that the transmission is provided with a left bilaterally-through output shaft and a right bilaterally-through output shaft, the left spindle and the right spindle are arranged on the base oppositely, axes of the two spindles are on a same straight line, each spindle is provided with the corresponding lamp, a torque sensor, a flange, a reading head connector, a circular grating reading head and a circular grating sequentially from front to back, and the rear end of each spindle is connected with the corresponding output shaft trough a transmission gear to acquire torque. The tester is compact in structure, small in size, controllable in angular strain rate and convenient to operate, has good use compatibility with imaging apparatuses and can perform whole-process all-round in-situ monitoring on micro deformation, damage and breakage processes on materials, and a novel testing instrument and method is provided for revealing mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of the materials in micro-nano scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material test and detecting instrument, particularly the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic visual field.
Background technology
Torsion test is one of fundamental test method of mechanical property of materials test.Can measure intensity and the plasticity of hard brittle material and plastic material by twisting test, with the performance of evaluating material.Traditional torsion testing machine, its test result is all usingd and is implemented variable quantity after load as the test foundation, and the micro-change of material in can not Real-Time Monitoring load implementing, damage are until the dynamic process destroyed.For explore and disclose solid-state material under the load such as torsion grand-microcosmic across the dynamic deformation behavior of yardstick, both at home and abroad minority mechanism just be devoted to development in conjunction with electron microscopic learn a skill, the microcosmic imaging means such as Laser scanning confocal microscopy technology, X-ray diffraction technology, for approach under service condition measure solid-state material dynamically, the in-situ testing technique of Micro Mechanical Properties.This measuring technology can not only be measured the various mechanics parameters of material, and can be to material the microdeformation in experimentation and damage process is carried out in real time, online observation, the iconology qualitative analysis is combined with the data quantitative analysis, disclose the process of material deformation damage under extraneous load with the visual field and the test angle of upgrading, find more novel phenomenon and rule.
At present, the one-sided power of the many employings of the original position twisting test instrument of having developed, an end of test specimen is fixed, and the other end applies moment of torsion.Like this, the zone of using Image-forming instrument to observe also can produce torsion, and therefore, in test process, observed zone can constantly disappear from the visual field, has brought many inconvenience to the online observation of experiment; Secondly, restriction due to in-situ test instrument overall volume, the fixture that instrument configures can not be too large, this has brought impact with regard to the clamp precision of giving test specimen, the original position of developing is at present reversed the fixture on testing tool, mostly only consider the clamping tautness of test specimen, and the position precision of test specimen is rarely had to consideration or inconsiderate; Moreover, for the torsion of the above macroscopic material of characteristic dimension grade test, be mainly the ex situ test of being undertaken by business-like torsion testing machine, do not relate to the in-situ test under the Image-forming instrument environment for use such as scanning electron microscope.And it is comparatively expensive to show equipment, the characteristics that content measurement is of inadequate achievement, greatly restricted going deep into and development of research.The special development along with Aeronautics and Astronautics technology and material science and military science, the material parameter that classical macroscopic material mechanical property test instrument and equipment is tested and performance oneself through can not the Complete Characterization material in Performance Characteristics that more small scale and maximum conditions are on active service, need to introduce test more directly perceived, accurate, observation and analysis means, with this mechanical behavior to material and failure mechanism, effectively analyze and further investigate.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, type of the present invention provides the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic visual field, to realize that microdeformation, damage and the fracture process of material are carried out to whole process in-situ monitoring comprehensively, thereby deeply disclose the mechanical characteristic of material under micro-nano-scale and damage mechanism.
The micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic visual field, mainly by accurate bilateral, loaded, accurate input and control, accurate clamping and attached three parts form, described accurate bilateral loads by DC servo motor 1, wheel box 2, two spring couplings 4 and two two-stages form than twice-enveloping type worm couple than big retarding, described DC servo motor 1 is fixed on wheel box 2, described wheel box 2 is fixed on pedestal 27, DC servo motor 1 is by the one-level gear drive in wheel box 2, power and motion are exported to both sides respectively by bilateral perforation output shaft of gear-box 3, and by spring coupling 4, with the twice-enveloping type worm couple that is fixed on pedestal 27 two ends, be connected respectively, described twice-enveloping type worm couple is connected with main shaft 26 rear ends that are fixed on by spindle bearing holder 12 on pedestal 27, two main shaft 26 positioned opposite, its axis is on same straight line and parallel with output shaft of gear-box 3, two main shafts 26 are disposed with fixture 18 backward by front end, ring flange 16, read head link 15, circle grating reading head 14 and circle grating scale 13, wherein between the fixture 18 on a side main shaft 26 and ring flange 16, torque sensor 17 also is housed.
Described accurate input and control are by accurate torque sensor 17, circle grating scale 13 and circle grating reading head 14 reach the high line be synchronized with the movement with DC servo motor 1 and count the photoelectric encoder composition, described accurate torque sensor 17 is fixed together a side main shaft 26 with fixture 18, circle grating scale 13 is fixed on both sides main shaft 26 by fastening bolt, with main shaft 26 synchronous rotaries, circle grating reading head 14 is installed on pedestal 27 by read head link 15, and relative with both sides circle grating scale 13, circle grating scale 13 and circle grating reading head 14 are that each is a pair of in both sides, high line is counted the tail end that photoelectric encoder is installed on DC servo motor 1, with DC servo motor 1 main shaft 26 run-in synchronisms.
Described twice-enveloping type worm couple is comprised of high speed worm and gear and low speed worm and gear, and an end of described two spring couplings 4 is connected with high speed worm screw 9 by high speed worm shaft 5 respectively, and low speed turbine 11 is arranged on the rear end of main shaft 26;
Described two pairs of low speed worm and gears are dextrorotation, and a side high speed worm and gear is dextrorotation, and opposite side high speed worm and gear is left-handed, to realize the synchronous backward rotation of both sides main shaft.
Described accurate clamping is comprised of the fixture that is arranged on main shaft 26 front ends, one side fixture 18 is connected with torque sensor 17 1 side links by fixture link 29, and be bolted, opposite side fixture 18 is located with a side of ring flange 16 and is connected by cooperation, and is bolted;
Described fixture is comprised of top board 32 and lower platen 35, described top board 32 is connected by fishbolt 28 with lower platen 35, top board 32 front ends have locating slot, a spacer 33 is arranged in locating slot, there is the equilateral triangle opening spacer 33 lower ends, the bar shaped pilot hole is arranged in the middle of spacer 33, there is screw top board 32 front ends and pilot hole corresponding position, in screw, there is a spacer bolt 34 that spacer 33 is fixed on to top board 32 front ends, top board 32 upper surfaces have one to press down latch plate 31, latch plate 31 front ends are pressed on spacer 33, latch plate 31 rear ends are arranged on top board 32 by latch plate bolt 30.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt the turn-back of bilateral power synchronous, make the destroyed area of sample more easily be defined in the share zone of counter stress, and the windup-degree that reaches final destruction is less, is convenient to destructive process and the inefficacy mechanism to sample under the Limited eyeshot of microcosmic visual field and is observed, analyze and detect.Simultaneously, adopt novel matched clamp, make test specimen axle center and instrument main shaft more easily to the heart, test process is more stable, and test result is more accurate.Compared with prior art, compact conformation of the present invention, volume is small and exquisite, angular strain speed is controlled, easy to operate, there is good use compatibility with Image-forming instruments such as high-speed camera, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, atomic force microscope, Raman spectrometers, can carry out to microdeformation, damage and the fracture process of material whole process in-situ monitoring comprehensively, for disclosing mechanical characteristic and the damage mechanism of material under micro-nano-scale, provide the novel test measure.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention.
The structural representation that Fig. 2 is fixture of the present invention.
The structural representation that Fig. 3 is wheel box of the present invention.
Legend: 1, DC servo motor; 2, wheel box; 3, output shaft of gear-box; 4, spring coupling; 5, high speed worm shaft; 6, high speed worm shaft bearing; 7, high speed worm shaft bearing seat; 8, high speed worm gear; 9, high speed worm screw; 10, low speed worm screw; 11, low speed worm gear; 12, spindle bearing holder; 13, justify grating scale; 14, justify grating reading head; 15, read head link; 16, ring flange; 17, torque sensor; 18, fixture; 19, test specimen; 22, main shaft bearing; 23, low speed worm shaft bearing; 24, low speed worm shaft bearing seat; 25, low speed worm shaft; 26, main shaft; 27, pedestal; 28, fishbolt; 29 fixture links; 30, latch plate bolt; 31, latch plate; 32, top board; 33, spacer; 34, spacer bolt; 35, lower platen; 36, gear box; 37, follower gear; 38, motor output shaft; 39, driving gear.
Embodiment
The present invention includes pedestal, DC servo motor, wheel box, spring coupling, main shaft, fixture, it is characterized in that wheel box has left and right two bilaterals to connect output shaft, be oppositely arranged two main shafts in left and right on pedestal, the axis of two main shafts is on same straight line, two main shafts are disposed with fixture, torque sensor, ring flange, read head link, circle grating reading head, circle grating scale backward by leading portion, and the rear end of main shaft is connected the acquisition moment of torsion with output shaft by gearing.Further technical scheme is the turbine and worm pair that said gearing is comprised of high speed turbine worm screw and low speed turbine and worm, and the high speed worm screw is connected with spring coupling, and the low speed turbine is arranged on the rear end of main shaft.Fixture is comprised of top board, lower platen, top board is connected by fishbolt with lower platen, the top board front end has locating slot, in locating slot, there are a spacer, spacer lower end that the equilateral triangle opening is arranged, the bar shaped pilot hole is arranged in the middle of spacer, there is screw top board front end and pilot hole corresponding position, in screw, there is a spacer bolt spacer can be fixed on to the top board front end, the top board upper surface has one to press down latch plate, the latch plate front end can be pressed on spacer, and the latch plate rear end is arranged on top board by the latch plate bolt.
DC servo motor can provide high resolving power moment of torsion and angular displacement output, and worm couple can provide than the big retarding ratio, can slow down largely, increase square to the power of DC servo motor output, finally provides Ultra-Low Speed quasi-static load mode.Torque sensor, the high line that the circle grating scale reaches and DC servo motor is synchronized with the movement are counted photoelectric encoder and are formed accurate input and control system, and this precision torque sensor is connected with a side fixture, and accurate circle grating scale is socketed with round Optical grating base.The present invention is for testing the material of reduced size, during work, be arranged on a test platform, in test process, accurate torque sensor is detected the moment of torsion of test specimen, the torsional deflection amount of test specimen is picked up rear addition acquisition by both sides accurate circle grating scale simultaneously, the three road signals that the present invention obtains are sent in the computing machine of a test platform by analog to digital conversion and after carrying out necessary signal condition, the deformation damage situation of test specimen material under load is carried out dynamic monitoring by the Image-forming instrument of test platform, and document image simultaneously, but in conjunction with the also moment of torsion of Real-time Obtaining exosyndrome material mechanical property-angular displacement curve of host computer debugging software, stress-strain curves, the important mechanics parameter such as shear modulus and twisting strength.The iconology qualitative analysis is combined with the data quantitative analysis, can effectively analyze mechanical behavior and the failure mechanism of test specimen, more in depth disclose the mechanical property of material.
Further illustrate detailed content of the present invention and embodiment thereof below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Consult shown in accompanying drawing 1, DC servo motor 1 is fixed on pedestal 27 by wheel box 2, wheel box 2 right side output shafts 3 are connected than twice-enveloping type worm couple than big retarding with two-stage by spring coupling 4, this two-stage than big retarding than twice-enveloping type worm couple by high speed worm and gear 8, 9, low speed worm and gear 11, 10 form, high speed worm screw 9 is connected with spring coupling 4, low speed turbine 11 is arranged on an end of right side main shaft 26, circle grating scale 13 is fixed on main shaft 26 by the circle Optical grating base, circle grating reading head 14 is fixed on pedestal 27 by read head link 15, torque sensor 17 is connected with a side fixture I18, high line is counted the tail end that photoelectric encoder is installed on DC servo motor 1, with electronic spindle synchronous running, and with the circle grating scale 13, circle grating reading head 14, torque sensor 17 forms accurate input and control system.Fixture is by top board 32, lower platen 35 forms, top board 32 is connected by fishbolt 28 with lower platen 35, top board 32 front ends have locating slot, a spacer 33 is arranged in locating slot, there is the equilateral triangle opening spacer 33 lower ends, the bar shaped pilot hole is arranged in the middle of spacer 33, there is screw top board 32 front ends and pilot hole corresponding position, in screw, there is a spacer bolt 34 spacer 33 can be fixed on to top board 32 front ends, top board 32 upper surfaces have one to press down latch plate 31, latch plate 31 front ends can be pressed on spacer 33, latch plate 31 rear ends are arranged on top board 32 by latch plate bolt 30.The size of main body of the present embodiment testing tool is: 250mm * 125mm * 50mm.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power high accuracy in-situ testing tool under a kind of microcosmic of the present invention visual field, mainly comprise that accurate bilateral loads, accurate input and control, accurate clamping and the part such as attached.
Described accurate bilateral load comprise DC servo motor 1, wheel box 2, spring coupling 4 and two-stage than big retarding than twice-enveloping type worm couple, this two-stage consists of high speed worm and gear 8,9, low speed worm and gear 11,10 than twice-enveloping type worm couple than big retarding; This DC servo motor 1 is fixed on proving installation pedestal 27 by wheel box 2, and output shaft of gear-box 3 is connected with high speed worm shaft 5 by spring coupling 4; This DC servo motor 1 can provide high resolving power moment of torsion and angular displacement output, both sides have respectively two-stage than big retarding than twice-enveloping type worm couple can provide 2500:1 than the big retarding ratio, can slow down largely, increase square to the power of DC servo motor 1 output, finally provide Ultra-Low Speed quasi-static load mode; DC servo motor 1 can provide and have high-resolution torque power output and angular displacement output by given pulse drive mode, slow down largely, increase motion and the transmission of power of square than the twice-enveloping type worm couple that is respectively 1:50 via wheel box 2, output shaft of gear-box 3, spring coupling 4, double reduction, finally realize lower than the quasi-static load capability of the Ultra-Low Speed of 0.001r/min;
Described accurate input and control by torque sensor 17, circle grating scale 13 and count photoelectric encoder with the high line that DC servo motor 1 is synchronized with the movement and form, this torque sensor 17 is connected with a side fixture 18, and circle grating scale 13 is socketed with round Optical grating base; Accurate input and control can be proving installation and provide and comprise that distortion angular speed, moment of torsion loading speed, scrambler demarcate the feedback signal source of three kinds of analog or digital amounts of angular displacement speed as the pulse of DC servo motor 1/direction closed loop control mode, and test platform can realize that permanent angular deforming velocity, permanent moment of torsion loading speed and permanent coding demarcate three kinds of load/unload modes of angular displacement speed;
Described accurate clamping is comprised of test specimen 19, fishbolt 28, fixture link 29, latch plate bolt 30, latch plate 31, fixture top board 32, spacer 33, spacer bolt 34, fixture lower platen 35; Both sides clamp body lower platen is connected with fixture mounting flange 21 and torque sensor 17 respectively, test specimen 19 is first positioned by spacer 33, then by fishbolt, by upper lower platen, clamped, to realize the axis coinciding of test specimen 19 and instrument both sides main shaft.
The present invention is in concrete test process, at first, test specimen 19 is before reversing test, need to adopt method for turning to manufacture experimently out specific shaped specimens, by the line cutting mode, retained part is manufactured experimently out to the specific symmetrical plane for clamping again, and utilize small-sized cylindrical polishing machine to carry out to test specimen the better surface smoothness that polishing obtains can be used for the monitoring of high resolving power micro-imaging, or obtain the microstructures such as metallographic by techniques such as chemical corrosions, then by test specimen 19 clampings on the clamp body of both sides, in lower platen, first by the both sides spacer, carry out precise positioning, to guarantee that the test specimen axle center overlaps with two spindle axis, tighten afterwards two side guide fishbolts 28 and complete the clamping process of test specimen 19.Then, adjust screw to determine the relative position of round grating scale 13 and circle grating reading head 14 by adjusting the both sides read head.Then, by the middle part of the alignment lens test specimen 19 of Image-forming instrument, regulate instrument and make imaging clearly accurate.Then, permanent angular deformation or the moment of torsion control mode of given torsion test, mode with pulse output drives, start test process, by testing algorithm program setting test condition and parameter, the accurate angular displacement of DC servo motor 1 output under the effect of time sequential pulse control signal, through wheel box 2 output shaft bilateral outputs, respectively by the deceleration than twice-enveloping type worm couple than big retarding of both sides two-stage, the final realization of increment loads the Ultra-Low Speed quasistatic two-side synchronous of test specimen 19, in test process, the moment of torsion M of 17 pairs of test specimens 19 of torque sensor is detected, simultaneously the torsional deflection amount h of test specimen picks up rear addition by both sides circle grating scale and obtains, and three road signals are by analog to digital conversion and carry out sending into computing machine after necessary signal condition.In the whole process of test, test specimen 19 deformation damage situation of material under load is carried out dynamic monitoring by Image-forming instrument, and document image simultaneously, but in conjunction with also important mechanics parameters such as the moment of torsion of Real-time Obtaining exosyndrome material mechanical property-angular displacement curve, stress-strain curves, shear modulus and twisting strength of host computer debugging software.The iconology qualitative analysis is combined with the data quantitative analysis, can effectively analyze mechanical behavior and the failure mechanism of test specimen, more in depth disclose the mechanical property of material.
Claims (4)
1. the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a microcosmic visual field, mainly by accurate bilateral load, accurate input and control, accurate clamping and attached three parts form, it is characterized in that:
Described accurate bilateral loads by DC servo motor (1), wheel box (2), two spring couplings (4) and two two-stages form than twice-enveloping type worm couple than big retarding, described DC servo motor (1) is fixed on wheel box (2), described wheel box (2) is fixed on pedestal (27), DC servo motor (1) is by the one-level gear drive in wheel box (2), power and motion are exported to both sides respectively by bilateral perforation output shaft of gear-box (3), and by spring coupling (4), with the twice-enveloping type worm couple that is fixed on pedestal (27) two ends, be connected respectively, described twice-enveloping type worm couple is connected with main shaft (26) rear end be fixed on by spindle bearing holder (12) on pedestal (27), two main shafts (26) positioned opposite, its axis is on same straight line and parallel with output shaft of gear-box (3), two main shafts (26) are disposed with fixture (18) backward by front end, ring flange (16), read head link (15), circle grating reading head (14) and circle grating scale (13), wherein between the fixture (18) on a side main shaft (26) and ring flange (16), torque sensor (17) also is housed.
2. the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic according to claim 1 visual field is characterized in that:
Described accurate input and control are by accurate torque sensor (17), circle grating scale (13) and circle grating reading head (14) reach the high line be synchronized with the movement with DC servo motor (1) and count the photoelectric encoder composition, described accurate torque sensor (17) is fixed together a side main shaft (26) and fixture (18), circle grating scale (13) is fixed on both sides main shaft (26) by fastening bolt, with main shaft (26) synchronous rotary, circle grating reading head (14) is installed on pedestal (27) by read head link (15), and relative with both sides circle grating scales (13), circle grating scale (13) and circle grating reading head (14) are that each is a pair of in both sides, high line is counted the tail end that photoelectric encoder is installed on DC servo motor (1), with DC servo motor (1) main shaft (26) run-in synchronism.
3. the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic according to claim 1 visual field is characterized in that:
Described twice-enveloping type worm couple is comprised of high speed worm and gear and low speed worm and gear, one end of described two spring couplings (4) is connected with high speed worm screw (9) by high speed worm shaft (5) respectively, and low speed turbine (11) is arranged on the rear end of main shaft (26);
Described two pairs of low speed worm and gears are dextrorotation, and a side high speed worm and gear is dextrorotation, and opposite side high speed worm and gear is left-handed, to realize the synchronous backward rotation of both sides main shaft.
4. the micro-torsion material mechanical performance of bilateral power original position tester under a kind of microcosmic according to claim 1 visual field is characterized in that:
Described accurate clamping is comprised of the fixture that is arranged on main shaft (26) front end, one side fixture (18) is connected with torque sensor (17) one side links by fixture link (29), and be bolted, opposite side fixture (18) is located with a side of ring flange (16) and is connected by cooperation, and is bolted;
Described fixture is comprised of top board (32) and lower platen (35), described top board (32) is connected by fishbolt (28) with lower platen (35), top board (32) front end has locating slot, a spacer (33) is arranged in locating slot, there is the equilateral triangle opening spacer (33) lower end, the bar shaped pilot hole is arranged in the middle of spacer (33), there is screw top board (32) front end and pilot hole corresponding position, in screw, there is a spacer bolt (34) that spacer (33) is fixed on to top board (32) front end, top board (32) upper surface has one to press down latch plate (31), latch plate (31) front end is pressed on spacer (33), latch plate (31) rear end is arranged on top board (32) by latch plate bolt (30).
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| CN109283067B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2021-03-23 | 西北工业大学 | Two-way shear test device of sheet metal |
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| CN113237642A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Double-torsion-spring fatigue test device and test method thereof |
| CN113390720A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-09-14 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Off-line in-situ stretching device for X-ray diffraction experiment |
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| CN113893441A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-01-07 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Interventional operation delivery device |
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