CN103497027A - Method for preparing hericium erinaceus cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing hericium erinaceus cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103497027A CN103497027A CN201310502435.1A CN201310502435A CN103497027A CN 103497027 A CN103497027 A CN 103497027A CN 201310502435 A CN201310502435 A CN 201310502435A CN 103497027 A CN103497027 A CN 103497027A
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- hericium erinaceus
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- caryae cathayensis
- semen caryae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a hericium erinaceus cultivation material. The hericium erinaceus cultivation material is characterized in that pecan branch scraps, outer shell scraps and shell scraps are used as main raw materials, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, bean cakes, calcium superphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, land plaster and the like are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention further provides a method for preparing the cultivation material. The hericium erinaceus cultivation material and the method have the advantages that the pecan branch scraps, the outer shell scraps and the shell scraps undergo sun exposure and secondary fermentation or piled ageing treatment, poisonous bacteriostat is removed, macromolecular substances are decomposed, and therefore the decomposed substances can be absorbed by hericium erinaceus hyphae easily; the cultivation material is reasonable in proportion and appropriate in PH, the hericium erinaceus hyphae are dense in growth, fruiting bodies are good in growth, and the biological efficiency reaches 123.5%-135.1%; a solution to innocent treatment of pecan branches, outer shells and shells is provided, and a novel matrix for hericium erinaceus cultivation is further found out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make the Hericium erinaceus culture material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., sporophore is round and thick, is covered with needle-like bacterium thorn, and the pole of figure is like the head of monkey, so gain the name.Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. has the title of " mountain delicacy ", nutritious, is famous nourishing body-strengening food, also has higher pharmaceutical use simultaneously, and tumour and the inflammation of some Digestive tract had to very high curative ratio.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. artificial culture materials are mostly cotton seed hulls at present, hardwood sawdust etc., fast development along with mushroom industry, production-scale expansion, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. produces the problem that also faces shortage of raw materials and production cost rising, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, be a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, mainly is distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two provinces boundaries, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area is 8.67 ten thousand hm approximately
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, the annual branch enormous amount fallen from the pruning of Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).The Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area some woods that shelled also after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, the Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, be the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells is processed it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.Above these components, can provide essential carbon source for Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. grows.But, because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of hericium mycelium, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has the xylogen of decomposition, cellulosic ability.Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, following component and quality proportioning are arranged: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%-10%, Pu shell bits 14%-20%, shell bits 30%-40%, cotton seed hulls 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then it is put to outdoor naturally stack (the windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and ditch is arranged, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (the wood grain water content reaches capacity), and the stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In the heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, and collect standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then it is put to outdoor naturally stack (the windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and ditch is arranged, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and the stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In the heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, and collect standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Rice bran: be by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice, contain protein 12%-18% in rice bran, nitrogen-free extract is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8%, in addition, also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Soya-bean cake: be a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil, the main component of soya-bean cake is: crude protein 38.73%, nitrogen-free extract 26.59%, robust fibre 5.30%, fat 6.83%, mineral substance 4.93%.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Potassium primary phosphate: be agricultural potassium primary phosphate, phosphorus, potassium nutrition composition are provided, regulate planting material acidity (the pH value of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.6).
Terra alba: stablize the planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add cotton seed hulls, rice bran, soya-bean cake, calcium superphosphate, terra alba and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by pack into the acrylic plastering bottle of 1100ml * 78mm of planting material, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp that to plant aperture, ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole be 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out to autoclaving, first at 100 ℃ of lower sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cool to after sterilizing below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, rice bran, soya-bean cake, calcium superphosphate, potassium primary phosphate, terra alba, makes the Hericium erinaceus culture material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both removed poisonous bacteriostatics, makes again the macromolecular substance degraded, is conducive to the absorption of hericium mycelium; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, PH are suitable, and the hericium mycelium growth is fine and close, and the sporophore growing way is good, and biological efficiency reaches 123.5%-135.1%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for Hericium erinaceus culture, has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%, Pu shell bits 14%, shell bits 40%, cotton seed hulls 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm on heap, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add cotton seed hulls, rice bran, soya-bean cake, calcium superphosphate, terra alba and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by pack into the acrylic plastering bottle of 1100ml * 78mm of planting material, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp that to plant aperture, ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole be 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out to autoclaving, first at 100 ℃ of lower sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cool to after sterilizing below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 65%; Through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia is covered with bottle, enters management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. reaches 135.1%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 17%, shell bits 35%, cotton seed hulls 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. reaches 130.4%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 30%, cotton seed hulls 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. reaches 123.5%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. biological efficiency
Claims (9)
1. a Hericium erinaceus culture material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%-10%, Pu shell bits 14%-20%, shell bits 30%-40%, cotton seed hulls 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the branch that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits fall for the pruning of Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through the natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), the Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and the Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, collect standby.
5. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, then it is deposited in to air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice bran is by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice.
7. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described soya-bean cake is a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil.
8. the making method of the Hericium erinaceus culture material described in a claim 1-7 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add cotton seed hulls, rice bran, soya-bean cake, calcium superphosphate, terra alba and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by pack into the acrylic plastering bottle of 1100ml * 78mm of planting material, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp that to plant aperture, ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole be 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out to autoclaving, first at 100 ℃ of lower sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cool to after sterilizing below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the Hericium erinaceus culture material described in claim 1-8, after it is characterized in that accessing bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (10)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104557175A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Production method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104584865A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Hericium erinaceus cultivation method |
| CN104604528A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Hericium erinaceus |
| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725120A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725122A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104737783A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104737784A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104761326A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | A preparing method of a hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN115517142A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-27 | 西南林业大学 | Alternative planting method for gastrodia elata |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
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| CN104737783A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104737784A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN115517142A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-27 | 西南林业大学 | Alternative planting method for gastrodia elata |
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