CN103493255B - 改善的安全性的电池组 - Google Patents
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电池组,该电池组基本上包括:电力供应单元,在其中两个或者多个电池单元或者电池模块相互电连接;一个或者多个压力驱动开关,当在所述电力供应单元中出现错误时,在通过感测电池单元或者电池模块的体积膨胀并且根据感测到的结果操作之后进行操作以导致电池组的部分或者整体短路;切断部分,位于电池单元或者电池模块的至少一个串联部分处以当电池组被短路时中断电池组中的电连接;以及外部输入/输出端子,其被连接到被布置在所述电力供应单元的最外侧的位置上的电极端子以将电力供应到外部设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改善的安全性的电池组并且,更加特别地,涉及一种电池组,包括:电力供应单元,该电力供应单元包括被相互电连接的两个或者多个电池单元;至少一个压力驱动开关,该压力驱动开关被配置成当电力供应单元故障时在检测电池单元或者电池模块中的体积的膨胀之后使电池组的部分或者整体短路;切断部分,该切断部分位于电池单元或者电池模块之间的至少一个串联区域处以当在电池组中出现短路时中断电池组中的电连接;以及外部输入和输出端子,该外部输入和输出端子被连接到位于电力供应单元的最外侧处的电极端子以将电力供应给外部设备。
背景技术
随着移动设备的日益发展并且对于这样的移动设备的需求增加,对于二次电池的需求作为用于移动设备的能源已经急剧地增加。在这样的二次电池之中是具有高能量密度和放电电压的锂二次电池,对其已经进行了很多研究并且现在已商业化且被广泛地使用。
二次电池作为用于诸如电动自行车(E自行车)、电动车辆(EV)、以及混合电动车辆(HEV)的电力驱动设备的能源以及诸如移动电话、数字相机、个人数字助理(PDA)、以及膝上型计算机的移动无线电子设备的能源已经吸引相当大的注意。
其中提供有电池单元的小型电池组被用于诸如移动电话和数字相机的小型设备。另一方面,其中提供有包括被相互并联地和/或串联地连接的两个或者多个电池单元(在下文中,偶尔被称为“多单元”)的电池组的中型或者大型电池组,被用于诸如膝上型计算机和电动车辆的中型或者大型设备。
锂二次电池呈现优异的电气性能,诸如大的容量和高的放电电压;然而,锂二次电池具有低的安全性。例如,当诸如锂二次电池的过度充电、过度放电、暴露于高温、以及电气短路的异常操作出现时,引起是电池的成分的活性材料和电解液的分解,因此产生热和气体并且通过热和气体的产生引起的高温和高压条件加速上述分解。最终,可能发生火灾或者爆炸。
为此,锂二次电池被提供有安全系统,诸如保护电路,当电池被过度充电或者过度放电时或者当过电流流入电池时中断电流;正温度系数(PTC)元件,当电池的温度增加时其电阻大大地增加而使得中断电流;以及安全通风口,当由于气体的产生压力增加时中断电流或者排放气体。例如,在小型柱状二次电池的情况下,PTC元件和安全通风口通常被设置在具有阴极/隔膜/阳极结构的电极组件(发电元件)的顶部处,其被安装在柱状容器中。另一方面,在小型棱柱状或者袋状二次电池的情况下,保护电路模块和PTC元件通常被安装在棱柱状容器或者袋状壳体的上端处,其中发电元件被安装在密封状态中。
对于具有多单元结构的中型或者大型电池组,锂二次电池的安全有关的问题甚至更加严重。因为在多单元电池组中使用多个电池单元,所以电池单元中的一些的异常操作可能引起其它电池单元的异常操作,因此可能发生火灾或者爆炸,这可能导致大规模事故。为此,中型或者大型电池组被提供有诸如电池管理系统(BMS)的安全系统,以保护电池单元免受过度充电、过度放电、或者过电流的影响。
同时,随着连续地使用锂二次电池,即,随着锂二次电池被重复地充电和放电,发电元件和电连接构件被逐渐地退化。例如,发电元件的退化导致电极材料和电解液的分解,通过其产生气体。结果,电池单元(容器或者袋状壳体)逐渐地膨胀。在锂二次电池的正常状态下,诸如BMS的主动控制器检测电池组的过度放电、过度充电、或者过电流。在其中检测到的电池组的过度放电、过度充电、或者过电流过大的情况下,主动控制器中断电池组中的电连接以降低电池组的风险。
然而,在使用如上所述的主动控制器的情况下,必需将电流供应给BMS。如果没有电流供应给BMS,则BMS不能保护电池组。
因此,存在对于能够根本地确保电池组的安全性同时解决上述问题的技术的高度需求。
发明内容
技术问题
已经提出本发明以解决上述问题和还没有被解决的其他技术问题。
作为各种广泛的和深入的研究和试验的结果,本申请的发明人已经发现,在其中电池组包括压力驱动开关和切断部分的情况下,其在电池组中具有特定的构造,当电池组被过度充电时在检测电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关操作以引起在电池组的部分或者整体的短路并且切断部分由于在电池组中引起的短路而中断电池组中的电连接,从而确保电池组的安全性处于所期待的水平。
因此,本发明的目的是为了提供一种具有特定结构以提高安全性的电池组。
解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面,通过提供一种电池组能够完成以上和其它目的,该电池组包括:电力供应单元,该电力供应单元包括被相互电连接的两个或者多个电池单元或者电池模块;至少一个压力驱动开关,该压力驱动开关被配置成当电力供应单元故障时在检测电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀之后引起电池组的部分或者整体短路;切断部分,该切断部分位于电池单元或者电池模块之间的至少一个串联连接区域处以当在电池组中出现短路时中断电池组中的电连接;以及外部输入和输出端子,该外部输入和输出端子被连接到位于电力供应单元的最外侧处的电极端子以将电力供应给外部设备。
在被配置成具有包括如前面所描述的被相互连接的多个电池单元或者电池模块的电力供应单元的传统的电池组中,电池管理系统(BMS)检测电力供应单元的操作状态并且基于检测到的电力供应单元的操作状态控制电力供应单元的充电和放电,从而确保电池组的安全性。在其中BMS由于电流的供应的中断而不操作的情况下,不能够控制电力供应单元的充电和放电。
另一方面,根据本发明的电池组包括压力驱动开关和切断部分,其被配置成独立于BMS操作。当电力供应单元故障时,在检测电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关操作以引起电池组的部分或者整体的短路。当在电池组中发生这样的短路时,切断部分可以中断电池组中的电连接。因此,防止了电力供应单元的过电流或者过电压被传输到外部输入和输出端子,从而确保电池组的安全性和可靠性。
另外,根据本发明的电池组使用当电池单元或者电池模块被过度充电时产生的压力。因此,能够保护电池组免受过度充电。
此外,压力驱动开关和切断部分可以被安装在电池组中,而不在电池组的结构上变化过大。因此,电池组可以被配置成具有安全的结构。
在优选示例中,压力驱动开关可以被电连接到电力供应单元的至少一个电池单元或者单元模块。因此,对于压力驱动开关能够容易地检测到由于电池组的异常操作电池单元或者单元模块的体积的增加。
压力驱动开关可以被安装在电力供应单元的各种位置处。取决于安装压力驱动开关的电力供应单元的位置,压力驱动开关可以在电池组的部分中或者在电池组的整体中引起短路。
在具体示例中,压力驱动开关可以包括两个或者多个压力驱动开关,该两个或者多个压力驱动开关位于电力供应单元的最外侧处。在此结构中,对于压力驱动开关能够容易地检测位于电力供应单元的最外侧处的电池单元或者电池模块的体积。此外,在其中压力驱动开关包括两个或者多个压力驱动开关的情况下,对于压力驱动开关能够更加灵敏地响应电池单元或者电池模块的体积的增加。
在上面的结构中,两个或者多个压力驱动开关可以被相互电连接。
例如,两个或者多个压力驱动开关可以经由线束被相互电连接。
同时,压力驱动开关可以被配置成当电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀被增加到预定的值或者更大时操作。
可以基于电池组的结构或者容量任意地决定预定的值。如果预定值太小,则压力驱动开关可能太灵敏地响应电池单元或者电池模块的体积的增加。另一方面,如果预定值太大,则压力驱动开关可能太不灵敏地响应电池单元或者电池模块的体积的增加。例如,预定值可以被设置为电池单元或者电池模块的体积的1至30%。
优选地,压力驱动开关被配置成使得在电池单元或者电池模块的正常操作条件下压力驱动开关被设置为电切断状态(OFF)并且当电池单元或者电池模块的体积膨胀时被切换到电导通状态(ON)。
具体地,在电池单元或者电池模块的正常操作条件下压力驱动开关被设置为电切断状态。因此,通过电力供应单元产生的电流仅被供应到外部设备使得外部设备被驱动。
另一方面,在电池单元或者电池模块的异常操作条件下,电池单元或者电池模块的体积膨胀以将压力驱动开关切换到电导通状态。结果,在电池组中引起短路。由于这样的短路,切断部分被破坏,因此从电力供应单元到外部设备的电流的供应被中断。
在用于上面的操作的优选示例中,电池组可以进一步包括电路,该电路被并联地连接到电力供应单元,其中压力驱动开关可能位于电路上。
可能由于各种因素,诸如电力供应单元的过度充电和电力供应单元的过电流,引起电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀。例如,由于电力供应单元的过度充电、电力供应单元的过电流、电池组的异常操作、或者由于在长的时间段充电和放电引起的电池组的退化可能发生其中电池单元或者电池模块膨胀的膨胀现象。
电池单元或电池模块的电极端子可以被相互电连接,而无需附加的连接构件。可替选地,电池单元或者电池模块的电极端子可以经由汇流条被相互电连接。
切断部分不被特别地限制,只要当在电池组中发生短路时切断部分容易地中断电池组的电连接。例如,切断部分可以是保险丝。然而,切断部分不限于此。
各个电池单元的形状没有被特别地限制。各个电池单元可以是圆柱状电池单元、棱柱状电池单元、或者袋状电池单元。例如,各个电池单元可以是袋状电池单元,该袋状电池单元具有被安装在由包括树脂层和金属层的层压片形成的壳体中的电极组件。优选地,各个电池单元是袋状锂二次电池。
通过基于所期待的输出和容量组合电池模块可以制造根据本发明的电池组。另外,考虑到安装效率和结构稳定性,根据本发明的电池组可以被用作用于电动车辆、混合电动车辆、插入式混合电动车辆、或者电力存储设备的电源。然而,根据本发明的电池组的应用范围不限于此。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种包括具有上述结构的电池组作为电源的设备。具体地,设备可以是电动车辆、混合电动车辆、插入式混合电动车辆、或者电力存储设备。
在本发明属于的领域中这样的设备的结构和制造方法是众所周知的并且,其详细描述将会被省略。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的电池组构造的视图;
图2和图3是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的电池组构造的视图;以及
图4是示出根据本发明的又一实施例的电池组的电路的视图。
具体实施方式
现在,将会参考附图详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。然而,应注意的是,所示的实施例不限制本发明的范围。
图1是典型地示出根据本发明的实施例的电池组构造的视图。
参考图1,电池组900包括电源单元100,该电源单元100包括被相互电连接的多个电池模块110、120、130、以及140;一对压力驱动开关200和210;切断部分300、以及被电连接到外部设备400的一对外部输入和输出端子220和230。
当电源单元100故障时,在检测电池模块110、120、130、以及140的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关200和210操作以引起电池组900中的短路。
诸如保险丝的切断部分300位于电池模块120和130之间的串联区域处,当在电池组900中出现短路时位于电池组900的中间部分处的电池模块120和130中断电池组90中的电连接。
外部输入和输出端子220和230被电连接到位于电力供应单元100的最外侧处的电池模块110和140的阳极端子112和阴极端子114以将电力分别供应到外部设备400。
另外,压力驱动开关200和210位于与电池模块110和120的外侧相邻处,该电池模块110和120位于电力供应单元100的最外侧处。因此,当最外面的电池模块110和120的体积的膨胀被增加到预定的值或者更大时,压力驱动开关200和210的状态被从电切断状态切换到电导通状态。
具体地,在电池模块110、120、130、以及140的正常操作条件下压力驱动开关200和210被设置为电切断状态(OFF)。当在诸如电力供应单元100的过充电或者过电流的导电条件下电池模块110、120、130、以及140的体积膨胀时,在检测电池模块110、120、130、以及140的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关200和210被切换到电导通状态(ON)。
另外,压力驱动开关200和210经由线束160被相互电连接。电池模块110、120、130、以及140的电极端子经由汇流条150被相互连接。
图2和图3是典型地示出根据本发明的另一实施例的电池组构造的视图。
参考这些附图,除了压力驱动开关250的一个端子252经由电线被连接到最外面的电池模块110的阳极端子并且压力驱动开关250的另一端子254经由电线被连接到中间电池模块120的阴极端子,图2的电池组900a在结构上与图1的电池组900的相同。
除了保险丝310相互电连接位于电源单元100的左侧处的电池模块110和150的阳极端子和阴极端子,图3的电池组900b在结构上与图1的电池组900相同。
图4是典型地示出根据本发明的又一实施例的电池组的电路的视图。
参考图4,电池组900c包括被并联地连接到电力供应单元100的并联电路500。压力驱动开关200位于并联电路500上。
具体地,在电力供应单元100的正常操作条件下压力驱动开关200被设置为电切断状态。因此,通过电力供应单元100生成的电流正常地流入到外部设备。
然而,当电力供应单元100故障时,电力供应单元100的电池模块的体积膨胀。这时,在检测电池模块的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关200从电切断状态切换到电导通的状态。
在这样的情况下,与电阻为高的外部设备400相比较,有更多的电流异常地流入到电阻为低的并联电路500以及为电阻体的保险丝310。由于被突然地供应到保险丝310的电流从保险丝310产生热,因此保险丝310可能烧断。由于保险丝310的切断,电池模块的充电和放电被停止,从而确保电池组900c的安全性。
尽管已经出于示例的目的公开了本发明的示例性实施例,但是本领域技术人员应当理解各种修改、添加和替换都是可能的,而不脱离如所附权利要求书公开的本发明的范围和精神。
工业实用性
从上面的描述显然的是,根据本发明的电池组包括压力驱动开关和切断部分,其在电池组中具有特定的构造。如果发生电池组的异常操作,在检测电池单元或者电池模块的体积的膨胀之后压力驱动开关操作以引起电池组的部分或者整体的短路。当在电池组中出现这样的短路时,切断部分中断电池组中的电连接。因此,能够大大地提高电池组的安全性。
另外,根据本发明的电池组包括切断部分,该切断部分能够响应于独立于电池管理系统(BMS)的电力供应单元的操作状态,中断电池组的电连接。因此,即使在其中BMS没有操作的情况下,能够确保电池组的安全性,从而大大地提高电池组的可靠性。
此外,压力驱动开关和切断部分可以被安装在电池组中。因此,在改变其结构的情况下能够容易地制造电池组。
Claims (13)
1.一种电池组,包括:
电力供应单元,所述电力供应单元包括被相互电连接的两个或更多个电池单元或者电池模块;
至少一个压力驱动开关,所述压力驱动开关被配置成当所述电力供应单元故障时,在检测所述电池单元或者所述电池模块中的体积的膨胀之后,引起所述电池组的部分或者整体的短路;
切断部分,所述切断部分位于所述电池单元或者所述电池模块之间的至少一个串联连接区域处以当在所述电池组中出现短路时中断所述电池组中的电连接;以及
外部输入和输出端子,所述外部输入和输出端子被连接到位于所述电力供应单元的最外侧处的电极端子以将电力供应给外部设备,
其中,所述压力驱动开关包括两个或更多个压力驱动开关,所述两个或更多个压力驱动开关位于所述电力供应单元的最外侧处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述压力驱动开关被电连接到所述电力供应单元中的至少一个电池单元或者单元模块。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述两个或更多个压力驱动开关被相互电连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述两个或更多个压力驱动开关经由线束被相互电连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述压力驱动开关被配置成当所述电池单元或者所述电池模块的体积的膨胀被增加到预定的值或更大时操作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中在所述电池单元或者所述电池模块的正常操作条件下,所述压力驱动开关被设置为电切断状态(OFF)并且当所述电池单元或者所述电池模块的体积膨胀时,所述压力驱动开关被切换到电导通状态(ON)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,进一步包括:
电路,所述电路被并联地连接到所述电力供应单元,其中
所述压力驱动开关位于所述电路上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中当所述电力供应单元被过度充电或过电流流入所述电力供应单元时,引起所述电池单元或者所述电池模块的体积的膨胀。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述电池单元或者所述电池模块的电极端子经由汇流条被相互电连接。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述切断部分是保险丝。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述电池单元中的每一个是袋状电池单元,所述袋状电池单元具有被安装在由包括树脂层和金属层的层压片形成的壳体中的电极组件。
12.一种设备,所述设备包括根据权利要求1所述的电池组作为电源。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其中所述设备是电动车辆或者电力存储设备。
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JP5804540B2 (ja) | 2015-11-04 |
US20130337297A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
WO2012157855A1 (ko) | 2012-11-22 |
EP2672548A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
US9761911B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
KR20120128552A (ko) | 2012-11-27 |
EP2672548B1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
CN103493255A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
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JP2014512089A (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
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