EP2672548B1 - Battery pack having improved safety - Google Patents

Battery pack having improved safety Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2672548B1
EP2672548B1 EP12785313.3A EP12785313A EP2672548B1 EP 2672548 B1 EP2672548 B1 EP 2672548B1 EP 12785313 A EP12785313 A EP 12785313A EP 2672548 B1 EP2672548 B1 EP 2672548B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
pressure driven
supply unit
power supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12785313.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2672548A4 (en
EP2672548A1 (en
Inventor
Jin Kyu Lee
Dalmo Kang
Junseok Choi
Seongtae Kim
TaeHyuck KIM
TAehwan ROH
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LG Chem Ltd
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LG Chem Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2672548A4 publication Critical patent/EP2672548A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2672548B1 publication Critical patent/EP2672548B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack with improved safety and, more particularly, to a battery pack according to claim 1 including a power supply unit including two or more battery cells or battery modules electrically connected to each other, at least one pressure driven switch configured to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules when the power supply unit malfunctions, a cut-off portion located at at least one series connection region between the battery cells or the battery modules to interrupt electrical connection in the battery pack when the short circuit occurs in the battery pack, and external input and output terminals connected to electrode terminals located at outermost sides of the power supply unit to supply power to an external device.
  • a power supply unit including two or more battery cells or battery modules electrically connected to each other, at least one pressure driven switch configured to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules when the power supply unit malfunctions, a cut-off portion located at at least one series connection region between the battery cells or the
  • a secondary battery has attracted considerable attention as an energy source for power-driven devices, such as an electric bicycle (E-bike), an electric vehicle (EV), and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), as well as an energy source for mobile wireless electronic devices, such as a mobile phone, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a laptop computer.
  • E-bike electric bicycle
  • EV electric vehicle
  • HEV hybrid electric vehicle
  • mobile wireless electronic devices such as a mobile phone, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a laptop computer.
  • a small-sized battery pack in which a battery cell is provided, is used for small-sized devices, such as a mobile phone and a digital camera.
  • a middle or large-sized battery pack in which a battery pack including two or more battery cells (hereinafter, occasionally referred to as a "multi-cell") connected to each other in parallel and/or in series is provided, is used for middle or large-sized devices, such as a laptop computer and an electric vehicle.
  • a lithium secondary battery exhibits excellent electrical properties, such as large capacity and high discharge voltage; however, the lithium secondary battery has low safety.
  • abnormal operations such as overcharge, overdischarge, exposure to high temperature, and an electrical short circuit, of the lithium secondary battery occur, decomposition of active materials and an electrolyte, which are components of the battery, is caused with the result that heat and gas are generated and the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions caused by generation of the heat and the gas accelerate the above-mentioned decomposition.
  • a fire or explosion may occur.
  • the lithium secondary battery is provided with a safety system, such as a protection circuit to interrupt electric current when the battery is overcharged or overdischarged or when overcurrent flows in the battery, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element whose resistance greatly increases so as to interrupt electric current when the temperature of the battery increases, and a safety vent to interrupt electric current or exhausting gas when pressure increases due to generation of the gas.
  • a safety system such as a protection circuit to interrupt electric current when the battery is overcharged or overdischarged or when overcurrent flows in the battery, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element whose resistance greatly increases so as to interrupt electric current when the temperature of the battery increases, and a safety vent to interrupt electric current or exhausting gas when pressure increases due to generation of the gas.
  • PTC element and the safety vent are usually disposed at the top of an electrode assembly (a generating element) having a cathode/separator/anode structure, which is mounted in a cylindrical container.
  • the protection circuit module and the PTC element are usually mounted at the upper end of a prismatic container or a pouch-shaped case, in which the generating element is mounted in a sealed state.
  • the safety-related problem of the lithium secondary battery is even more serious for a middle or large-sized battery pack having a multi-cell structure. Since a plurality of battery cells is used in the multi-cell battery pack, abnormal operation of some of the battery cells may cause abnormal operation of the other battery cells with the result that a fire or explosion may occur, which may lead to a large-scale accident. For this reason, the middle or large-sized battery pack is provided with a safety system, such as a battery management system (BMS), to protect the battery cells from overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the generating element and electrical connection members are gradually degraded.
  • degradation of the generating element leads to decomposition of electrode materials and the electrolyte, by which gas is generated.
  • the battery cell the container or the pouch-shaped case
  • an active controller such as the BMS, detects overdischarge, overcharge, or overcurrent of the battery pack. In a case in which the detected overdischarge, overcharge, or overcurrent of the battery pack is excessive, the active controller interrupts electrical connection in the battery pack to lower the risk of the battery pack.
  • the active controller In a case in which the active controller is used as described above, however, it is necessary to supply electric current to the BMS. If no electric current is supplied to the BMS, the BMS may not protect the battery pack.
  • JP2006185709 describes a battery pack with two pressure driven switches measuring the swelling of individual cells.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems and other technical problems that have yet to be resolved.
  • the pressure driven switch operates to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of battery cells or battery modules when the battery pack is overcharged and the cut-off portion interrupts electrical connection in the battery pack due to such a short circuit caused in the battery pack, thereby securing safety of the battery pack to a desired level.
  • a battery pack according to claim 1 including a power supply unit including two or more battery cells or battery modules electrically connected to each other, at least one pressure driven switch configured to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules when the power supply unit malfunctions, a cut-off portion located at at least one series connection region between the battery cells or the battery modules to interrupt electrical connection in the battery pack when the short circuit occurs in the battery pack, and external input and output terminals connected to electrode terminals located at outermost sides of the power supply unit to supply power to an external device.
  • a battery management system detects an operation state of the power supply unit and controls charge and discharge of the power supply unit based on the detected operation state of the power supply unit, thereby securing safety of the battery pack.
  • the BMS does not operate due to interruption in supply of electric current, however, it is not possible to control charge and discharge of the power supply unit.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention includes a pressure driven switch and a cut-off portion configured to operate independently of the BMS.
  • the pressure driven switch operates to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules.
  • the cut-off portion may interrupt electrical connection in the battery pack. Consequently, overcurrent or overvoltage of the power supply unit is prevented from being transmitted to the external input and output terminals, thereby securing safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention uses pressure generated when the battery cells or the battery modules are overcharged. Consequently, it is possible to protect the battery pack from overcharge.
  • the pressure driven switch and the cut-off portion may be mounted in the battery pack without great change in structure of the battery pack. Consequently, the battery pack may be configured to have a safe structure.
  • the pressure driven switch may be electrically connected to at least one battery cell or unit module in the power supply unit. Consequently, it is possible for the pressure driven switch to easily detect the increase in volume of the battery cell or unit module due to abnormal operation of the battery pack.
  • the pressure driven switch may be mounted at various positions of the power supply unit.
  • the pressure driven switch may cause a short circuit in a portion of the battery pack or in the entirety of the battery pack depending upon the position of the power supply unit at which the pressure driven switch is mounted.
  • the pressure driven switch includes two or more pressure driven switches located at the outermost sides of the power supply unit. In this structure, it is possible for the pressure driven switch to easily detect the volume of the battery cells or the battery modules located at the outermost sides of the power supply unit. Furthermore, by including two or more pressure driven switches, it is possible for the pressure driven switch to more sensitively respond to the increase in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules.
  • the two or more pressure driven switches are electrically connected to each other.
  • the two or more pressure driven switches may be electrically connected to each other via a wire harness.
  • the pressure driven switch may be configured to operate when expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules is increased to a predetermined value or more.
  • the predetermined value may be arbitrarily decided based on the structure or capacity of the battery pack. If the predetermined value is too small, the pressure driven switch may too sensitively respond to the increase in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules. On the other hand, if the predetermined value is too large, the pressure driven switch may too insensitively respond to the increase in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules. For example, the predetermined value may be set to 1 to 30 % the volume of the battery cells or the battery modules.
  • the pressure driven switch is configured such that the pressure driven switch is set to an electrical cut-off state (OFF) under normal operation conditions of the battery cells or the battery modules and is switched to an electrical conduction state (ON) when volume of the battery cells or the battery modules expands.
  • OFF electrical cut-off state
  • ON electrical conduction state
  • the pressure driven switch is set to the electrical cut-off state under normal operation conditions of the battery cells or the battery modules. Consequently, electric current generated by the power supply unit is supplied only to the external device such that the external device is driven.
  • volume of the battery cells or the battery modules expands to switch the pressure driven switch to the electrical conduction state.
  • a short circuit is caused in the battery pack. Due to such a short circuit, the cut-off portion is broken with the result that the supply of electric current from the power supply unit to the external device is interrupted.
  • the battery pack may further include a circuit connected to the power supply unit in parallel, wherein the pressure driven switch may be located on the circuit.
  • the expansion in volume of the battery cells or the battery modules may be caused by various factors, such as overcharge of the power supply unit and overcurrent in the power supply unit.
  • overcharge of the power supply unit and overcurrent in the power supply unit For example, a swelling phenomenon, in which the battery cells or the battery modules swell, may occur due to overcharge of the power supply unit, overcurrent in the power supply unit, abnormal operation of the battery pack, or degradation of the battery pack caused as the result of charge and discharge for a long period of time.
  • Electrode terminals of the battery cells or the battery modules may be electrically connected to each other without additional connection members.
  • the electrode terminals of the battery cells or the battery modules may be electrically connected to each other via bus bars.
  • the cut-off portion is not particularly restricted so long as the cut-off portion easily interrupts electrical connection in the battery pack when a short circuit occurs in the battery pack.
  • the cut-off portion may be a fuse.
  • the cut-off portion is not limited thereto.
  • each of the battery cells may be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, or a pouch-shaped battery cell.
  • each of the battery cells may be a pouch-shaped battery cell having an electrode assembly mounted in a case formed of a laminate sheet comprising a resin layer and a metal layer.
  • each of the battery cells is a pouch-shaped lithium secondary battery.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention may be manufactured by combining battery modules based on desired output and capacity.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention may be used as a power source for an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage device in consideration of installation efficiency and structural stability.
  • an applicable range of the battery pack according to the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the device including the battery pack with the above-stated construction as a power source.
  • the device may be an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage device.
  • FIG. 1 is a view typically showing construction of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery pack 900 includes a power supply unit 100 including a plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, and 140 electrically connected to each other, a pair of pressure driven switches 200 and 210, a cut-off portion 300, and a pair of external input and output terminals 220 and 230 electrically connected to an external device 400.
  • the pressure driven switches 200 and 210 operate to cause a short circuit in the battery pack 900 upon detecting expansion in volume of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, and 140.
  • the cut-off portion 300 such as a fuse, is located at a series connection region between the battery modules 120 and 130, which are located at the middle part of the battery pack 900 to interrupt electrical connection in the battery pack 900 when a short circuit occurs in the battery pack 900.
  • the external input and output terminals 220 and 230 are electrically connected to an anode terminal 112 and a cathode terminal 114 of the battery modules 110 and 140 located at the outermost sides of the power supply unit 100 to supply power to the external device 400, respectively.
  • the pressure driven switches 200 and 210 are located adjacent to the outsides of the battery modules 110 and 120 located at the outermost sides of the power supply unit 100.
  • a state of the pressure driven switches 200 and 210 is switched from an electrical cut-off state to an electrical conduction state.
  • the pressure driven switches 200 and 210 are set to the electrical cut-off state (OFF) under normal operation conditions of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, and 140.
  • the pressure driven switches 200 and 210 are switched to the electrical conduction state (ON) upon detecting the expansion in volume of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, and 140.
  • FIG. 3 is a view typically showing construction of a battery pack according to the present invention.
  • a prior art battery pack 900a of FIG. 2 is identical in structure to the battery pack 900 of FIG. 1 except that one terminal 252 of a pressure driven switch 250 is connected to an anode terminal of an outermost battery module 110 via a wire and the other terminal 254 of the pressure driven switch 250 is connected to a cathode terminal of a middle battery module 120 via a wire.
  • a battery pack 900b of FIG. 3 is identical in structure to the battery pack 900 of FIG. 1 except that a fuse 310 electrically connects an anode terminal and a cathode terminal of battery modules 110 and 150 located at the left side of a power supply unit 100 to each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a view typically showing circuitry of a battery pack according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery pack 900c includes a parallel circuit 500 connected to a power supply unit 100 in parallel.
  • a pressure driven switch 200 is located on the parallel circuit 500.
  • the pressure driven switch 200 is set to an electrical cut-off state under a normal operation condition of the power supply unit 100. Consequently, current generated by the power supply unit 100 normally flows to an external device.
  • the pressure driven switch 200 is switched from the electrical cut-off state to an electrical conduction state upon detecting the expansion in volume of the battery modules.
  • a battery pack according to the present invention includes a pressure driven switch and a cut-off portion, which have specific construction in the battery pack.
  • the pressure driven switch operates to cause a short circuit in a portion or the entirety of the battery pack upon detecting expansion in volume of battery cells or battery modules.
  • the cut-off portion interrupts electrical connection in the battery pack. Consequently, it is possible to greatly improve safety of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention includes a cut-off portion that is capable of interrupting electrical connection in the battery pack in response to an operation state of a power supply unit independently of a battery management system (BMS). Even in a case in which the BMS does not operate, therefore, it is possible to secure safety of the battery pack, thereby greatly improving reliability of the battery pack.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the pressure driven switch and the cut-off portion may be mounted in the battery pack. Consequently, it is possible to easily manufacture the battery pack without changing the structure thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
EP12785313.3A 2011-05-17 2012-04-24 Battery pack having improved safety Active EP2672548B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20110046117 2011-05-17
PCT/KR2012/003137 WO2012157855A1 (ko) 2011-05-17 2012-04-24 안전성이 향상된 전지팩

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2672548A1 EP2672548A1 (en) 2013-12-11
EP2672548A4 EP2672548A4 (en) 2014-11-19
EP2672548B1 true EP2672548B1 (en) 2017-09-13

Family

ID=47177142

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12785313.3A Active EP2672548B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-04-24 Battery pack having improved safety

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9761911B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2672548B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5804540B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101336064B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103493255B (zh)
WO (1) WO2012157855A1 (zh)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103493255B (zh) 2015-09-30
CN103493255A (zh) 2014-01-01
US9761911B2 (en) 2017-09-12
WO2012157855A1 (ko) 2012-11-22
US20130337297A1 (en) 2013-12-19
JP2014512089A (ja) 2014-05-19
EP2672548A4 (en) 2014-11-19
KR101336064B1 (ko) 2013-12-03
EP2672548A1 (en) 2013-12-11
JP5804540B2 (ja) 2015-11-04
KR20120128552A (ko) 2012-11-27

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