CN103493087A - 教员策划的电子教科书系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电子教科书系统,允许教员通过将来自不同来源的各种素材进行整合而创建定制课本。教员能够对素材进行组织,对它们进行格式化,提供内容表和索引。自动整合支付机制以及用于组件的策略,以使得最终的图书满足其每个组件部分的策略要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及电子图书领域,更特别地涉及用于经由电子设备创建并且分销定制图书的系统和方法。
背景技术
即使随着Web的广泛使用到达其第二十个年头,但是就人们如何使用教科书而言几乎没有任何变化。学生们仍然将重达五磅的书本塞满他们的书包,并且不仅在学生们的后背而且在这样的材料的供应、使用和处置所需的所有设施的碳排放量中感受到这样的基于纸张的学习的影响。教科书中仅数页的改变就可能使得其被淘汰并且需要印刷新版;学生们不仅要随身带着这一周的章节,而且还要带着上个月和下个月的章节。
虽然已经进行了一些尝试来将学习材料从Gutenberg时代变换至数字时代,但是出于学习的目的而使用纸质书的一些优势并未被复制。学生们自古以来就以不同方式使用他们的文本。一些人对特别感兴趣的部分进行高亮标记;其它人在边缘处做笔记以对困难概念的说明保持记忆。一些使用过的教科书比新书更为有用,因为它们通常在反复使用之后自然地翻开到最重要的书页,或者因为特别重要的书页或章节比其它的具有更多折角。电子阅读设备短期内还无法提供这些有助于学生更为有效地从其文本进行学习的微妙但重要的特征。
同样,教员们经常愿意以他们传统上并不可用的方式从教科书进行教学。自复印出现起,教授们有时会通过将教科书、文章和其它素材的部分复印为定制小册子而为他们的学生制作课件。然而,这种常规的解决方案存在着从版权明晰度到使用比所需更多的纸张的浪费版式(例如,在文章在新页面的顶部结束的情况下)的各种问题。此外,缺少索引、内容表和统一格式经常使得这样的课件对学生而言有点难以使用。
为学生们提供利用目前广泛使用的一些平板、笔记本和其它电子设备来获取、阅读、从中学习以及以其它方式使用教科书内容的改进的机制将是有利的。
发明内容
一种电子图书系统,包括:(i)出版商子系统,用于允许出版商在图书组件数据库中供应图书组件以及在策略数据库中供应图书策略;(ii)策划方子系统,用于允许教员根据策略选择图书组件以便合成到图书数据库中所存储的电子图书之中;以及(iii)分销子系统,用于从图书数据库获取电子图书、提供其以用于购买、收集针对这样的购买的支付以及向图书组件的出版商汇总针对付款的支付。
在一方面,经由出版商子系统所提供的策略规定了图书组件可以被单独或组合使用的方式、它们如何被定价或者它们如何被分销以及向用户提供何种权利。在相关方面,该策略对图书组件可以被如何访问或订购加以限制。
在另一方面,该策划方子系统提供用于为电子图书指定封面、风格、布局、内容表或索引的界面。
另外,一种提供电子图书的方法,包括:(i)在图书组件数据库中存储图书组件;(ii)在策略数据库中存储对应于图书组件的策略;(iii)选择每个策略的图书组件的子集以包括在电子图书之中;(iv)将电子图书合成为文件;(v)将该文件存储在图书数据库中;以及(vi)将该文件分销给消费者。
在该方法的一个方面,该策略规定了图书组件可以被单独或组合使用的方式、它们如何被定价或者它们如何被分销以及向用户提供何种权利。在相关方面,该策略对图书组件可以被如何访问或订购加以限制。
在该方法的另一方面,提供用于为电子图书指定封面、风格、布局、内容表或索引的用户界面。
在又另一方面,该方法进一步包括基于可应用于该子集的策略而为电子图书指定伞策略(umbrella policy)。
在再进一步的方面,该方法进一步包括响应于与子集相对应的价格以及定价模型,自动为电子图书确定价格,以及在相关方面,为出版商自动建立对应于该子集的支付计划表。
再进一步地,一种计算机可读存储介质,包括计算机指令,其用于:(i)在图书组件数据库中存储图书组件;(ii)在策略数据库中存储对应于图书组件的策略;(iii)根据策略,选择图书组件的子集,以便包括在电子图书之中;(iv)将该图书合成为文件,该文件能够被计算机实现的电子图书阅读器访问;(v)将该文件存储在图书数据库中;以及(vi)将该文件分销给消费者。
在该存储介质的一方面,该策略规定了图书组件可以被单独或组合使用的方式、它们如何被定价或者它们如何被分销以及向用户提供何种权利。在相关方面,该策略对图书组件可以被如何访问或订购加以限制。
在另一方面,该指令进一步提供用于为电子图书指定封面、风格、布局、内容表或索引的用户界面。
在又另一方面,该指令进一步包括用于基于可应用于该子集的策略而为电子图书合成伞策略的指令。
在再进一步的方面,该指令进一步包括用于响应于与子集相对应的价格以及定价模型,自动为电子图书确定价格,以及在相关方面,为出版商自动建立对应于该子集的支付计划表的指令。
该说明书中所描述的特征和优势并非是无所不包的,并且特别地,鉴于附图、说明书和权利要求,许多附加特征和优势对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。此外,应当注意的是,说明书中所使用的语言原则上已经出于可读性和指导性的目的进行了选择,而可能并不被选择以对所公开的主题进行界定或限制。
附图说明
图1是图示包括电子教科书阅读器的联网环境的高层级示图。
图2图示了作为电子教科书阅读器的一部分使用的阅读器模块的逻辑视图。
图3图示了存储与内容托管系统相关的数据的系统数据库的逻辑视图。
图4是提供教员策划的电子教科书的创建和分销的系统的高层级示图。
附图仅出于说明的目的描绘了本发明的各个实施例。本领域技术人员将从以下讨论容易地认识到,可以在不背离本文所描述的本发明的原理的情况下采用本文所图示的结构和方法的可替换实施例。
具体实施方式
图1是图示包括教科书内容托管系统110的联网环境100的高层级示图。内容托管系统110使得可对能够使用阅读器模块181或浏览器182在用户和内容提供商的计算机180(在图1中仅出于示例性的目的而被描绘为个体计算机180A和180B)上观看的教科书进行购买、许可、租赁或订阅。内容托管系统110和计算机180通过诸如局域网或互联网之类的网络170进行连接。
网络170通常是互联网,但是可以是任意网络,包括但不限于LAN、MAN、WAN、移动、有线或无线网络、专用网络或虚拟专用网络的任意组合。内容托管系统110通过网络接口160连接至网络170。
如以上所讨论的,仅示出了单个计算机180A,但是实际上可以存在许多(例如,数百万)能够与内容托管系统110进行通信并且使用它的用户计算机180A。类似地,仅示出了单个内容提供商计算机180B,但是实际上可以存在许多(例如,数千或者甚至数百万)能够为内容托管系统110提供教科书和相关素材的内容提供商180B。在一些实施例中,阅读器模块181和浏览器182包括内容播放器(例如,来自Adobe Systems公司的FLASHTM),或者适用于由内容托管系统110使用的内容文件格式的任意其它播放器。
具有阅读器模块181的用户计算机180A被用户用来购买或以其它方式获取并且访问由内容托管系统110提供的素材。内容提供商计算机180B被内容提供商用来为内容托管系统110创建并提供素材。取决于其用途,给定的计算机可以是客户端计算机180A和内容提供商计算机180B二者。在这种情况下,托管服务110可以基于哪个前端服务器被用来连接至内容托管系统110、用户登录信息或其它因素而在内容提供商和用户之间进行区分。
内容托管系统110包括用户前端服务器140和内容提供商前端服务器150,它们各自能够被实施为一个或多个服务器级计算机。内容提供商前端服务器150通过网络170连接至内容提供商计算机180B。内容提供商前端服务器150为内容提供商提供了用于创建并且管理其想要被用户所使用的素材的界面。用户前端服务器140通过网络170连接至客户端计算机180A。用户前端服务器140为用户提供了访问由内容提供商创建的素材的界面。在一个实施例中,素材(例如,数字教科书)在被购买时被整体下载至用户计算机;在另一实施例中,该素材仅按照需要被流传输给用户。一般而言,更具传统属性的教科书(例如,仅包括文字和图片)在一次性地全部下载至用户计算机时可能使用更为有效,而包括变化数据(例如,实际气象数据)、动画、视频、交互式应用以及其它数据密集素材的教科书可能更适合地仅按照需要将信息流传输给用户。
内容托管系统110由服务器级计算机的网络所实施,该服务器级计算机包括一个或多个高性能CPU和1G或更大的主存储器,以及500GB至2Tb的存贮器。通常使用诸如LINUX之类的操作系统。如本文所描述的内容托管系统110、前端服务器140和后端服务器150的操作能够通过硬件(例如,专用计算设备或者通用计算机中的子板)进行控制,或者通过安装在服务的服务器110上的计算机存贮器中并且由这样的服务器的处理器执行以实施本文所描述的功能的计算机程序来控制。系统工程以及例如视频内容托管领域的技术人员将从本文的功能和算法描述容易地确定这样的计算机程序的构造和操作。
内容托管系统110进一步包括通信耦合至网络170的系统数据库130。系统数据库130连同用户和系统使用信息一起存储与内容托管系统110相关的数据。
系统数据库130可以被实施为能够在计算机可读存储介质中持久地存储数据的任意设备或设备的组合,该计算机可读存储介质诸如硬盘、RAM、可写紧凑盘(CD)或DVD、固态存储器设备,或者其它光学/磁性存储介质。能够使用其它类型的计算机可读存储介质,并且预见到随着在未来研发新型存储介质,它们能够依据以上所给出的描述进行配置。
内容托管系统110进一步包含第三方模块120。第三方模块120与以上所列出的组件相结合地被实施为内容托管系统110的一部分。第三方模块120提供了系统能够通过其提供用于有关电子教科书的附加用途的开放平台的机制,就像应用编程接口允许第三方对软件程序的某些特征进行访问一样。在一些实施例中,第三方输入可以被限制为经由内容提供商计算机180B和内容提供商第三方服务器150进行内容提供。然而,给定系统100的宽泛的可能操作范围,在一些实施例中,可能期望为并不提供内容的第三方开放访问系统的附加能力。例如,可以经由第三方模块120而使得学生群组可能对数据进行匿名使用而允许追踪学生对现有教科书的使用以用于可能的未来的改进。作为具体的示例,有关教科书的哪些章节被最频繁注释的汇总的数据可能有助于教科书的作者(或其它作者)确定哪里的对困难概念的附加解释可能是有保证的。
在该描述中,术语“模块”是指用于提供指定功能的计算逻辑。模块可以以硬件、固件和/或软件来实施。在本文所描述的模块被实施为软件的情况下,该模块可以被实施为独立程序,但是也可以通过其它手段来实施,例如被实施为较大程序的一部分、多个单独程序或者一个或多个静态或动态链接库。将要理解的是,本文所描述的命名模块表示本发明的一个实施例,并且其它实施例可以包括其它模块。此外,其它实施例可能缺少本文所描述的模块和/或将所描述的功能以不同方式在模块之间进行分配。另外,归属于多于一个的模块的功能可以被整合到单个模块之中。在模块由软件实施的实施例中,它们可以存储在计算机可读持久存储设备(例如,硬盘)上,被加载到存储器中,并且由作为内容托管系统110的一部分而被包括的一个或多个处理器执行。可替换地,硬件或软件模块可以被存储在内容托管系统110中的其它地方。内容托管系统110包括本文描述的操作所必需的硬件部件,包括一个或多个处理器、高速存储器、硬盘存贮器和备份、网络接口和协议、用于数据输入的输入设备,以及用于显示、打印或数据的其它呈现的输出设备。
所图示的内容托管系统110的系统架构的各种变化是可能的。系统110的组件以及它们各自的功能可以被组合或重新分配。例如,系统数据库130、第三方模块120、用户前端服务器140和内容提供商前端服务器150可以在任意数量的存储设备之间进行分布。以下章节更详细地描述了阅读器模块181、系统数据库130以及图1中更详细地图示的其它组件,并且对它们在内容托管系统110的环境中的操作进行解释。
图2图示了被用作电子教科书系统的一部分的阅读器模块181的功能视图。在以上结合图1所描述的实施例中,阅读器模块在用户计算机180A上实施,但是应当认识到的是,在其它实施例中,本文所讨论的部分还可以在与阅读器模块181进行通信的其它计算机(例如,内容托管系统110中的那些计算机)上实施。
阅读器模块181被配置为利用了学生对教科书的使用与其它读者使用典型图书相比有所不同的事实。不同于单纯的阅读,学生通常从教科书进行学习。学习通常不如其它阅读那么线性,因为文本很少是以“从头到尾”的方式进行阅读。学习经常远比典型的阅读更具互动性,其具有注释、问题集合和主体部分之间的交叉引用、对专业词典或定义章节的引用,等等。而且,与大部分其它类型的阅读相比,学习在本质上明显更具社会性和协作性。总体而言,学习尤其是研究通常将对于教科书的注意力与创造性和对笔记本、问题集合、实验室实验结果、讲义素材和其它相关来源的引用相结合。
阅读器模块181包括用于促成学生对教科书进行特殊利用的各种子系统。在图2中所示的实施例中,阅读器模块181包括注释子系统220、OCR子系统230、协作子系统240、订购子系统250、输入识别子系统260和守护进程子系统270。如以下所描述的,这些子系统中的许多子系统彼此交互。
注释子系统220提供各种用户工具和界面以允许学生将电子教科书的各部分构成为他们可能找到的对于学习和研究而言最有帮助的部分。注释子系统220包括诸如高亮和文本输入工具之类的常规特征,并且还包括更多先进工具。例如,如以下所描述的,注释子系统220对学生已经提供注释的教科书部分保持追踪,并且基于用户命令将那些部分收集到个性化学习指南之中。
OCR子系统230是取得原本并非机器可读形式的信息并且将其转换为机器可读形式的识别子系统。例如,OCR子系统230与注释子系统220进行通信以将(例如,经由手指或笔的手势在触摸屏上图形地输入的)手写学生笔记转换为机器可读的文本。如本文所使用的,OCR子系统不仅包括光学字符识别,而且还包括其它类型的识别,例如:语音至文本的识别以允许学生进行讲话而不是手写注释;用于学生可能在教授讲课期间所拍摄的黑板上的笔记的图像至文本的识别;以及也可能在电子图书内提供或者作为第三方插件提供的其它类型的识别。作为具体示例,在音乐理论课程中可能有所帮助的一种识别类型是声音(旋律)识别以及针对该旋律的目测评分(活页乐谱)的转换。
协作子系统240提供允许学生在一起工作的各种用户功能。如以下所描述的,例如,用户能够与其学习小组、整个班级或者其电子教科书的其它全球用户共享其注释和笔记。另外,协作子系统240包括社交网络工具,以允许学生们利用音频和视觉聊天来进行研究会话、询问和回答问题以及向教授或助教提交问题。
订购子系统250表示允许学生获取电子教科书和相关素材的工具。在一个实施例中,订购子系统250被实施为电子市场(例如,在智能电话和平板电脑的ANDROIDTM操作系统上实施的DROIDTM市场)。第三方提供电子图书以及诸如研究指南、问题集合、更新、工作手册等的相关素材。这些素材中的一些素材可供购买;其它则是免费的。在一些实施例中,如学生团体或内容提供商群组的任意子集可能期望的,支持经由其它机制的供应(例如,订阅、实物交易、“付费观看”)。
输入识别子系统260提供用户界面工具以促成电子教科书和相关特征的使用。例如,通过感应用户计算机180A的触摸屏上的特定手势,系统将教科书的显示从当前页面临时转换至新的章节,同时保持对主要感兴趣的部分的追踪。因此,对该教科书的问题集合部分进行工作的学生能够快速回看到该章节的文本,或者第一次阅读一个部分的学生能够快速跳转到教科书的专业词典部分以获得不熟悉的术语或概念的定义。
阅读器模块181被配置为允许用户所选择的应用得以运行以提升学生利用电子教科书进行工作的能力。例如,学生可以购买以每个章节为基础针对并不包括这样的问题的教科书提供研究问题的应用。此外,阅读器模块181包括守护进程子系统270以提供其它的插件特征而无需用户开始针对这样的特征的可见应用。作为一个示例,音乐学生可以具有一个或多个守护进程,其允许对活页乐谱的图像进行识别以及相对应音乐的音频回放,或者识别可以被与用户计算机180A相关联的麦克风所捕捉的特定旋律,或者基于学生的输入对乐曲进行合成。
图3图示了存储与教科书内容托管系统110相关的数据的系统数据库130的功能视图。系统数据库130可以基于其中所存储数据的不同类型进行划分。该数据可以存在于分离的物理设备中,或者其可以收集在单个物理设备之内。
关于内容提供商,合伙人数据370包括与利用允许创建和输送内容的内容托管系统110所记录的内容提供商或合伙人相关的信息。合伙人数据370包括提供商联系信息。
对于创建付费教科书或其它内容的提供商而言,合伙人数据370包含该提供商的计费和收入共享信息。一些提供商可以创建订阅通道而其它提供商则可以提供电子图书和相关信息的单次支付或免费供应。这些提供商可以与内容托管系统110的运营商就收入如何从内容托管系统110流向提供商具有具体协议。这些具体协议包含在合伙人数据370中。
可替换地,一些提供商可能与内容托管系统110的运营商就收入如何从内容托管系统110流向提供商没有具体协议。针对这些提供商,合伙人数据370包括指示收入将如何从内容托管系统110流向提供商的标准化信息集合。例如,对于给定合伙人,合伙人数据可以指示内容托管系统110针对提供给用户的事项而接收25%的收入,而内容提供商则接收75%。当然,可以利用基于特征、用户基础等的可变因素而使用其它更为复杂的分配。
用户资料数据存贮器310包括关于个体用户(例如,学生)的信息以促进系统100的支付和协作方面。订户数据存贮器320包括标识关于学生的信息,诸如该学生已经获得的电子教科书以及该用户已经加入的社交网络组。在一些实施例中,订户数据存贮器320还保存关于该学生处于其每本教科书中的什么位置的信息,以例如允许学生在校车上时在智能电话上阅读教科书章节的一部分,而在其在宿舍中的台式计算机上从相同位置继续阅读。在一些实施例中,订户数据存贮器320包含关于用户的数据,该数据并未明确地由用户输入而是随着用户通过教科书和相关素材进行导航而被追踪。订户查看数据例如包括用户学习习惯,诸如订户在每个章节所花费的总时间、每周在教科书中花费的平均时间、相对于问题集合活动和先期测验复习在初次阅读上花费的时间的比例,等等。在一些实施例中,使得这样的信息对于学生可用以帮助追踪和改进学习习惯;在其它实施例中,使用汇总信息来帮助确定如何最佳地改进教科书和相关素材。
社交网络数据存贮器340保存实施社交网络引擎以提供本文所讨论的协作特征所需的信息,例如社交图谱、社交网络偏好和规则。
教科书数据350存储在其请求时提供给用户的实际内容,诸如电子教科书文件。
插件数据存贮器360保存用于相关特征的信息,诸如与教科书相关的非静态数据(例如,能够被学生结合环境研究教科书一起使用的气象数据)。
在一个实施例中,使用常规机制来实施系统数据库130的许多方面。例如,来自Google公司的现有机制BOOKTM、GMAILTM、BUZZTM、CHATTM、TALKTM、ORKUTTM、CHECKOUTTM、YOUTUBETM、SCHOLARTM、BLOGSTM以及其它产品包括能够有助于实施一个或多个存储工具310-370和模块220-270的方面。Google公司已经为ANDROIDTM设备(电话、平板等)、iOS设备( 以及来自苹果公司的其它设备)和各种台式机Web浏览器提供了eBook阅读器,并且在一个实施例中,Google公司的EDITIONSTMeBook阅读器应用程序被修改以提供本文所描述的功能。
如以上所提到的,用户资料数据310可以以每个学生为基础使用,并且还能够针对各种订户群体进行汇总。群体可以是整个订户群体,或者是从其选择的任意子集,诸如基于人口统计特性或行为特性或者内容选择的任意组合的目标订户。系统范围的使用数据包括任意所期望群体的使用习惯的趋势和模式。例如,可以在电子教科书和学生所选择的插件(假定以一定方式与那些教科书相关)之间形成关联。在一个实施例中,当用户获得新的教科书时,这样的数据被用来推荐该用户可能也有兴趣获得的其它相关项目。还可以从这样的数据获得项目的评估、项目的相关评价以及其它合成信息。
内容提供商界面被内容提供商用来在内容托管系统110上创建和管理电子教科书。内容提供商界面通过内容提供商前端服务器150和浏览器182被传送至内容提供商。
内容提供商界面包含供提供商在其通过内容提供商前端服务器150登录到内容托管系统110时查看的概览界面(未示出)。该概览界面包含用于创建新素材、修改已有素材、响应用户问题/建议、查看系统使用数据以及查看相关数据(例如,已经得到电子教科书的人趋于获得哪种第三方插件)的选项。该概览界面进一步包含关于电子教科书如何在学生群体中被接收以及如何在教授和助教之间被接收的信息的简要概括。提供商可以定制显示哪些概括。
上传界面(未示出)允许提供商上传要在系统中供应的素材。该上传界面允许用户配置与所上传素材的细节相关的选项,包括指示视频是否免费或者其花费如何,以及对于该产品成果的使用属性是否存在任何限制(例如,在用于远程学习的情况下是免费的,否则是付费的)。该上传界面允许多个项目同时进行配置和上传。该上传界面能够单独或批量上传项目。
近年来,教授们已经开始提供越来越多跨领域的课程。不幸的是,对于许多学生而言,这要求购买不同领域的多本教科书,即使那些书本中的一些可能仅有一小部分会被用到。
内容提供商前端服务器150被配置为允许内容提供商仅订购电子教科书的一部分。在一个实施例中,内容提供商前端服务器150连同教科书托管内容系统110的其它组件一起进行托管;在另一实施例中,内容提供商前端服务器150的一部分在由各个提供商所运营的可经由网站或客户端应用程序进行访问的服务器上进行托管,而使得工作对于教员、学生和诸如教科书内容托管系统110之类的自动化系统可用。
在一个实施例中,内容提供商前端服务器150规定了哪些标题必须作为整体单元进行购买以及哪些则以“非打包方式”提供,以使得教员(并且在某些情况下直接为学生)能够仅挑选选择的组件,诸如单独的章节。同样地,内容提供商前端服务器还规定了与组件使用相关的其它信息:定价模型(具有建议零售价以及具有可能折扣的固定收益分享百分比的买卖模型,或者具有协商收益分享的代理模型,其中出版商是卖方,而零售商则代表出版商进行征税);收益模型(其中用户拥有标题的购买;永久许可;租赁;或订阅);定价参数(批发/零售价格,每月费用/许可/订阅费率)。在一个实施例中,还规定了可允许或禁止的组合形式,诸如出版商可以规定任何对章节7的选择还需要章节9-14,或者出版商可以规定组件可以在与竞争出版商的教科书相结合以外的情况下被使用。还支持更为复杂的组合形式,诸如要求某章节在定制设计的讲义中在另一章节之前出现,例如可能在依赖性的有向非循环图形中所详细指出的那样。在适用其它规范的某些环境中,它们也可以得到支持,例如对同时用户数量的限制(在一个特定实施例中,利用各自的单独限制而将在线用户和离线用户分离开来);针对购买或使用的可允许的地理限制;以及对标题是否可以被购买、租赁、订阅或借阅的限制。
内容提供商计算机180B被配置为允许教员选择少于完整教科书的内容,并且将各种教科书和其它来源合并在一起(例如,案例研究、网页、期刊、杂志)。所有这些无论何种类型的来源在本文都被称作图书“组件”。使用内容提供商计算机180B,教员按照需要选择、订购并安排组件以与教学大纲相匹配,提供标题以及用于该素材的任意其它所期望信息,并且随后教科书内容托管系统110基于教员的输入而生成新的由教员策划的数字教科书。该教员还被提供以用于指定文本和封面页布局的界面,该封面页包括图书标题、教员、学术机构、季度或学期、学年、课程和章节。
教员被提供以多种搜索、浏览、自动推荐和提示工具以添加和组织内容。可基于图书标题、章节标题、关键词、作者、流派或其它适宜因素进行搜索和浏览。浏览器182被配置为基于出版商规则和系统设置向教员指示哪些选择是有效的而哪些则不是。教员不仅能够规定教科书的各部分,而且还可以规定学术期刊文章、网页或动态网页应用以及其它素材以便包括在讲义之中。教员还能够规定这些组件的顺序以及是否添加内容表和是否添加索引。如果需要内容表或索引,则它们可以被自动创建。教员能够进一步规定该讲义是以彩色还是黑白进行出版(在源素材允许的情况下)。该教员还规定是对新讲义中的所有页面进行顺序编号(替换组件的任意原有页面编号)还是仅依赖于组件的任意内部编号。
教员还被提供以跨所有组件对风格要素进行规格化的选项;即对组件进行重新格式化以尽可能产生具有统一风格的连贯图书。例如,在一个实施例中,可以通过选择组件主体中所找到的显性风格而使得字型、字体大小、边界一致。在源素材主要处于灵活格式的某些情况下(例如,XML),教员所指定的风格(或者在没有教员指定风格的情况下为默认风格)被应用于组件。
随后通过对组件进行重新格式化、对组件重新排序、添加任意所指定的内容表或索引、将组件连接为单个产品成果、添加封面页、创建适于经由阅读器模块181使用的数字文件(例如PDF或EPUB)以及安排新ISBM的发布以识别该产品成果而合成新的图书。
此外,图书的合成还包括协调组件的所有限制、局限和要求并且由此合成覆盖该图书的伞策略。例如,如果图书中的三个章节中仅有一个受到地理限制的影响(例如,仅许可在加利福尼亚使用),则使得整个图书都受到该限制的影响。在一个实施例中,这样的策略信息存储在策略数据库(未示出)中。
在一个实施例中,教科书内容托管系统110的权利管理子系统(未示出)清除针对所选择源的所需法定权利,基于组件价格生成教科书的汇总价格,并且以与完成以出版商为来源的电子教科书(如以上所描述的)相同的方式提供该教科书。
当学生使用阅读器模块181的订购子系统250购买这样的教科书时,教科书内容托管系统110收集支付、计算归于每个出版商或其它权利持有方的版税,并且进行相对应的支付。
除了如以上所指出的确定价格/条件之外,教科书内容托管系统110通过使得数字版本可在电子eTextbook商店中获取而出版新的教科书,诸如可以通过Google公司的EBOOKSTORETM提供或者在提供。在一个实施例中,使用单独的教员策划的教科书数据库(未示出)来存储这样的新创作的教科书。在另一个实施例中,印刷该图书的硬拷贝并且使得其可在诸如校园书店或全国零售商的一个或多个传统书店获得。
如之前所提到的,使用电子教科书的好处之一在于诸如被最频繁注释的章节之类的各种类型的使用数据能够被汇总并用于改进教科书的未来编辑。此外,所汇总的数据在一些实施例中被用来确定针对出版商的分销力度的补偿,以使得具有高销量和使用的负责学校或地区的分销人员因为成功推广该图书而获得回报。
出于讨论的目的,以上所描述的各个组件中的那些与定制教科书的创建和分销相关的那些组件在图4中所图示的实施例中被表征为系统400。系统400包括出版商前端401、教员前端402、零售商店面403、图书组件数据库404、策略信息数据库405以及教员策划的教科书数据库406。在一些实施例中,前端401、402和店面403使用网站来实施;在其它实施例中,它们使用软件应用程序、网站或者其组合来实施。
出版商前端401提供出版商能够如以上所描述的利用其上传图书内容并且针对其使用设置可允许参数的工具。例如,用户界面允许出版商规定哪些标题是“未打包的”,哪些定价模型可被应用于每项产品成果(例如,买卖或代理),哪些收益模型可得以应用(例如,通过所有权提供拷贝或者许可、租赁、订阅),将使用什么定价参数,允许组件的何种组合以及以何种顺序,以及关于素材使用的约束(例如,所允许的用户数量、可以购买或消费该标题的地区)。由出版商前端401规定的图书内容被存储在图书组件数据库404中,并且参数和其它相关信息被存储在策略信息数据库405中。
教员前端402提供了教授例如能够利用其通过包括来自各个来源的组件而创建定制图书的工具。例如,用户界面允许基于作者、标题(图书或章节)、关键词或流派浏览并选择组件。此外,针对用户选择提供推荐。在一些实施例中,该推荐是基于用户之前选择标题的历史;在其它实施例中,它们基于主题、水平(例如,介绍性的对进阶性的)、出版商、地理(例如,美国对加拿大的使用)或这些因素的组合。不仅是电子图书,而且诸如网页或动态web应用程序的其它内容也可以被选择以包括其中。除了选择组件之外,教员前端402提示用户指定封面页的文本和布局(例如,图书标题、教员、学术机构、季度/学期、学年、课程名称/编号、章节名称/编号)。另外,前端402提示用户指定组件的顺序、内容表、索引、页码、格式(例如,统一字型和其它规格化参数、彩色或b/w呈现)。所预见到的是,以内容和格式指令相独立的方式(例如,XML)将能够使得大量可用产品成果能够被获取,从而甚至能够从非常分散的组件创建具有统一风格的连贯图书。在一个实施例中,如果例如由于策略信息数据库中的出版商要求而不允许灵活的格式化,则前端402建议以对应的形式(字型、字体大小、边界等)使用其它组件(例如,封面页、内容表)的字型以提供美观的产品。
因此,教员前端402为了提供新的教科书而收集来自图书组件数据库404和策略信息数据库405的信息。在所请求内容和可获得或允许的内容之间存在任何不兼容的情况下,前端402提供建议的解决方案(例如,来自可替换的出版商的类似主题的文本、增加所需的章节)。
一旦所有要求都得到满足,系统400就通过对各个组件进行重新格式化和重新排序,添加所指定的内容表、索引和页码,将所有组件结合为单一产品成果,添加任何所指定的封面页,以及创建新图书的数字文件(例如PDF或EPUB格式)来创建新的图书。此外,系统400在一些实施例中被配置为促成针对新的产品成果发布新的ISBN。
除生产之外,系统400进一步协调与所选择组件相关的所有策略信息并且由此合成将覆盖该产品成果的新的伞策略。在一个实施例中,新的策略被合成为其限制并不少于关联于任何特定组件的策略。因此,如果书中的多个章节中仅有一个具有地理限制(例如,仅在加利福尼亚使用),则该图书将具有相同的地理限制。
一旦合成了图书,系统400就提供处理以支持该图书的出版,包括计算该图书的价格。在一个实施例中,这是通过计算每个组件的零售价格,向组合应用如同应用于该组件的任意规则,对组件价格进行加总,并且添加任何可应用的服务费或利润来完成的。
系统400通过将该产品成果置于教员策划的教科书数据库406中并且在零售商店面403发布与该图书相关的信息而出版该图书。在一个实施例中,零售商店面是诸如Amazon.com和Google所提供的电子书店,这允许用户即刻从店面403下载该图书。在另一个实施例中,店面403还包括用于通过诸如Barnes&Noble所运营的传统实体书店或传统校园书店来提供图书的工具,在这种情况下,图书被印刷并为购买者进行包装。
店面403提供用于从零售商获取支付的机制,其中系统400协调针对起作用的出版商的支付。特别地,收集支付,汇总归因于每个出版商的支付(在一个实施例中,针对所出售的所有电子教科书而不是以每个标题为基础),并且将汇总支付连同每个所售出组件的数量核算一起定期(例如,按月)支付给出版商。在一个实施例中,还提供诸如每天、每地所售出的每个组件的数量之类的统计。
如以上所提到的,虽然本文已经将讨论集中于平板计算机(可能具有笔的支持以辅助手写笔记),但是电子教科书阅读器同样可以在其它设备上实施,诸如具有触摸屏支持的笔记本计算机、智能电话、专用图书阅读器设备、台式机等。
以上描述的一些部分就对信息的运算的算法和符号表示形式对实施例进行了描述。这些算法描述和表示形式通常被数据处理领域的技术人员用来向该领域的其它技术人员有效传递其工作实质。在以功能、计算或逻辑方面进行描述时,这些运算被理解为由处理器所执行的计算机程序、等效电路、微代码等来实施。此外,有时还证明了将这些运算安排称之为模块是方便的而并不失其一般性。所描述的运算及其相关联的模块可以以软件、固件、硬件或者其任意组合来体现。
如本文所使用的,对于“一个实施例”或“实施例”的任何引用意味着结合该实施例所描述的特定部件、特征、结构或特性包括在至少一个实施例中。在说明书各处出现的短语“一个实施例”并非必然全部指代相同的实施例。
如本文所使用的,术语“包括”、“包括了”、“包含”、“包含了”、“具有”、“拥有”或其任意其它变化形式意在覆盖非排他性的包含。例如,包括要素列表的处理、方法、物品或装置并非必然仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括其它并未明确列出或者对于这样的处理、方法、物品或装置而言固有的其它要素。另外,除非明确指出为相反,否则“或”是指包含或而非异或。例如,条件A或B被以下任何一个所满足:A为真(或存在)而B为假(或不存在),A为假(或不存在)而B为真(或存在),以及A和B均为真(或存在)。
此外,“一个”(“a”或“an”)的使用被用来描述本文的实施例中的要素和组件。这样做仅是为了方便并且给出本发明的一般含义。该描述应当被认为是包括一个或至少一个,并且除非明显其有其它意思,否则单数也包括复数。
当阅读本公开内容时,本领域技术人员将意识到,用于通过本文所公开的原理使用内容托管系统提供电子教科书的系统和处理的另外的可替换结构和功能设计。因此,虽然已经图示并描述了特定的实施例和应用,但是应当理解,所公开的实施例并不限于本文所公开的确切构造和组件。可以对本文所公开的方法和装置的部署、操作和细节进行对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的各种修改、改变和变化而并不背离所附权利要求中所限定的精神和范围。
Claims (45)
1.一种电子图书系统,包括:
出版商处理子系统,被配置为允许出版商供应图书组件以及一个或多个策略,所述图书组件被存储在图书组件数据库中,所述一个或多个策略被存储在策略数据库中;
策划方处理子系统,被配置为允许策划方响应于所述策略而从所述图书组件数据库选择所述图书组件的子集,以用于合成为电子图书,所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为将所述电子图书存储在图书数据库中;以及
分销子系统,被配置为从所述图书数据库获取所述电子图书、提供所述电子图书以供购买以及收集针对这样的购买的支付,其中所述电子图书系统进一步被配置为响应于选择出版商已经提供了所述图书组件的所述子集中的至少一个而将所述支付与针对付款的其它支付向所述选择出版商汇总。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件可以被单独使用和组合使用的方式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被定价的方式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被分销的方式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了向用户提供针对所述图书组件的权利的方式。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何访问所述图书组件的限制。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何订购所述图书组件的限制。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为提供用于指定所述电子图书的封面页的界面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为提供用于指定所述电子图书的风格的界面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为提供用于对所述子集进行排列以用于在所述电子图书中呈现的界面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为提供用于指定所述电子图书的内容表的界面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为提供用于指定所述电子图书的索引的界面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述策划方处理子系统进一步被配置为响应于可应用于所述子集的策略而为所述电子图书合成伞策略。
14.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述分销子系统进一步被配置为响应于对应于所述子集的价格以及定价模型而为所述电子图书确定价格。
15.根据权利要求1所述的电子图书系统,其中所述分销子系统进一步被配置为通过为对应于所述子集的出版商建立支付计划表而进行付款。
16.一种计算机实施的提供电子图书的方法,包括:
将图书组件存储在图书组件数据库中;
将对应于所述图书组件的一个或多个策略存储在策略数据库中;
响应于所述一个或多个策略,选择所述图书组件的子集以用于包括在所述电子图书中;
将所述电子图书合成为能够被计算机实施的电子图书阅读器访问的文件;
将所述文件存储在图书数据库中;以及
将所述文件分销给顾客。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件可以被单独使用和组合使用的方式。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被定价的方式。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被分销的方式。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了向用户提供针对所述图书组件的权利的方式。
21.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何访问所述图书组件的限制。
22.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何订购所述图书组件的限制。
23.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括提供用于指定所述电子图书的封面页的界面。
24.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括提供用于指定所述电子图书的风格的界面。
25.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括提供用于对所述子集进行排列以用于在所述电子图书中呈现的界面。
26.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括提供用于指定所述电子图书的内容表的界面。
27.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括提供用于指定所述电子图书的索引的界面。
28.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括响应于可应用于所述子集的策略而为所述电子图书合成伞策略,并且其中所述分销根据所述伞策略。
29.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括由处理器响应于对应于所述子集的价格以及定价模型而为所述电子图书自动确定价格。
30.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括为对应于所述子集的出版商自动建立支付计划表。
31.一种包含用于提供电子图书的可执行计算机程序指令的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机程序指令包括:
用于将图书组件存储在图书组件数据库中的指令;
用于将对应于所述图书组件的一个或多个策略存储在策略数据库中的指令;
用于响应于所述一个或多个策略,选择所述图书组件的子集以用于包括在所述电子图书中的指令;
用于将所述图书合成为能够被计算机实施的电子图书阅读器访问的文件的指令;
用于将所述文件存储在图书数据库中的指令;以及
用于将所述文件分销给顾客的指令。
32.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件可以被单独使用和组合使用的方式。
33.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被定价的方式。
34.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了所述图书组件被分销的方式。
35.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了向用户提供针对所述图书组件的权利的方式。
36.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何访问所述图书组件的限制。
37.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述策略中的至少一个规定了对可以如何订购所述图书组件的限制。
38.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于提供用于指定所述电子图书的封面页的界面的指令。
39.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于提供用于指定所述电子图书的风格的界面的指令。
40.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于提供用于对所述子集进行排列以用于在所述电子图书中呈现的界面的指令。
41.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于提供用于指定所述电子图书的内容表的界面的指令。
42.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于提供用于指定所述电子图书的索引的界面的指令。
43.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于响应于可应用于所述子集的策略而为所述电子图书合成伞策略的指令。
44.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于响应于对应于所述子集的价格以及定价模型而为所述电子图书确定价格的指令。
45.根据权利要求31所述的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质,其中所述指令进一步包括用于为对应于所述子集的出版商建立支付计划表的指令。
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