CN103492257A - 结合组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
保护第一构件(18)和第二构件(20)免受腐蚀的装置和方法,它通过利用将构件结合但不允许所述构件直接接触的连接件(10)。
Description
优先权要求
本申请要求提交于2011年3月17日的美国临时申请No.61/453,786号的提交日的权益,该申请的全部内容通过引用方式明确地纳入本文。
技术领域
本发明是基于通过利用一个插入件来保护两个或更多个构件免于腐蚀的方法和装置,该插入件在将构件结合的同时不允许构件直接接触。
背景技术
多年以来,在汽车工业中越来越重视燃料节省。减少汽车的燃料消耗有几种方法,其中之一是使用轻质材料诸如铝。这样的材料可以减轻汽车的重量,但往往缺乏足够的强度。因此,提出了由钢和铝制成的双金属结构,但在这些材料之间的接触区域要么是抗腐蚀性不良,要么是不具备抗腐蚀性。该腐蚀限制了提供由两种不相似金属之间的接触区构成的部件的机会。本发明提供了一种包含第三材料的插入件,其用作在不相似金属之间的连接件,从而将不相似金属结合在一起且同时防止金属间的直接接触。因此,本发明允许将轻质金属与一种不相似金属组合使用,同时减少了与腐蚀相关的问题的风险。
美国专利No.7,251,915公开了一种用于车辆的框架系统,该框架系统包含有用于连接该框架系统的接头(joint)。所公开的接头形成包括芯材料和外部主体材料的实心结构,并连接由相似材料组成的部件。美国专利No.6,412,857公开了框架和接头系统,其包括对框架构件的改型从而形成可焊接的连接部分作为接头。
已知的接头结构通常用于连接相似材料,这与不相似金属相对。此外,已知的接头结构一般不被形成为笼状结构以在两种不相似金属之间配置小空隙(clearance)空间的同时还将可膨胀的粘合剂材料递送到这样的小空隙空间中。
因此,鉴于以上情况,存在对这样的结构的需要:该结构防止不相似材料之间的接触,同时向不相似材料之间的具有最小空隙尺寸的区域递送粘合剂材料。例如,需要包括笼状结构的连接件结构,其在占据最小空间的同时仍然防止被连接的构件之间的接触。在由于开口的尺寸小而直接施加粘合剂有困难的情况下,还需要向小的开口内递送可膨胀的粘合剂材料的连接件结构。还需要不经任何焊接步骤就允许进行连接的连接件。
发明内容
通过提供用于结合一个结构的第一构件和第二构件的连接件,本发明满足了上述需求中的一些或全部。该连接件可以包括可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料以及被塑形的聚合物载体。该被塑形的聚合物载体被配置为用于承载所述可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料,在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前间隔所述第一构件和所述第二构件。从而所述连接件至少在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前可以限制所述第一构件相对于所述第二构件的移动。该连接件还被配置为在将所述第一构件与所述第二构件连接之前配合地接合所述第一构件或所述第二构件中的至少一个。所述可膨胀材料可以被塑形和定位在所述载体周围的选择性位置处以限定多个间隙(gap),在所述间隙处所述第一构件和所述第二构件在所述可膨胀材料的膨胀之前相对于彼此处于直接对置的关系。所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂材料一旦活化就将膨胀并且在一个方向上流动,以填充所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间的所述间隙,以使得所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过所述可膨胀材料连接在一起并且相对于彼此隔绝开。
本发明还涉及一种用于汽车的框架结合系统,其包含第一金属构件和第二构件,所述第二构件包含与所述第一构件不相似的金属材料。所述系统还包含一个聚合物连接件部分,其与所述第一构件和所述第二构件接触,所述连接件部分包括可活化的粘合剂材料。所述系统进一步形成为使得所述第一构件和所述第二构件彼此不直接接触,且仅通过所述连接件部分连接。
本发明教导的连接件和框架结合系统提供了将轻质的铝部件和高强度的钢部件一体化的可能,同时避免了当在这样的不相似金属材料之间进行广泛的接触时通常发生的腐蚀。所述连接件不仅将不相似材料分隔开,而且还包括一种可膨胀的粘合剂材料,以在该粘合剂活化时将材料粘合到一起。在框架系统的两种不相似材料之间空间最小的情况下,该连接件的笼状结构利用最少的材料,且仅仅占据不相似材料之间的小空隙。该连接件还提供用于在该载体周围的特定区域定位所述可膨胀材料的装置,以使得该可膨胀材料在活化时填充在所述两种材料之间的小空隙中。因此,该连接件提供了用于将可膨胀材料递送到所述第一框架构件和第二框架构件周围的期望位置的装置,其中两个框架构件之间的空隙的小尺寸此前阻止了可膨胀粘合剂的使用。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明教导的示例性连接件部分的透视图。
图2示出根据本发明教导的结合组件的示例性实例在装配之前的透视图。
图3示出图2的结合组件用于车辆框架结构的一个实例。
图4示出根据本发明教导的结合组件的一个示例性实例的透视图。
图5示出根据本发明教导的结合组件的一个示例性实例的截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明教导的框架结合系统提供了一种载体,其包括多个肋结构和被定位到该载体的至少一部分上的可膨胀的结构粘合剂材料。该连接件被定位到形成在第一构件内的一个腔内,而第二构件的一部分被定位到该连接件内。
第一构件和第二构件可以是金属构件。第一构件和第二构件一般是不相似金属构件。第一构件或第二构件之一可以由铝、挤出铝、泡沫铝、镁、镁合金、模制的镁合金、钛、钛合金、模制的钛合金、镍、铜、过渡金属、聚氨酯、聚氨酯复合物或上述各项的任意组合组成。第一构件或第二构件之一可以是钢构件。
连接件包括一个载体,该载体可以由聚合物材料形成。该载体包括壁和肋,可以被整体模制(例如注塑)或由单一材料形成,该单一材料不同于所述第一构件、第二构件或所述可膨胀的粘合剂材料中之一或更多者的材料。合适的材料可以例如包括但不限于聚合物材料,诸如尼龙、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、模制复合物等,它们可以是填充的或未填充的(例如用玻璃或芳纶增强纤维填充)。
除了分隔第一构件和第二构件,该连接件的一个功能是提供一个结构构件,该结构构件承载所述结构粘合剂材料。因此,该载体可以与一种或多种结构粘合剂材料接触,所述结构粘合剂材料可以是可膨胀材料。因此,该载体可以包括一个或多个面向外的表面,在所述表面上放置一层可膨胀材料。可膨胀材料可以在上述位置施加到该载体的表面(在膨胀之前)。可选地,膨胀方向可以通过形成在该载体上的一个或多个延长部(如美国专利No.6,941,719中公开的)来控制。可膨胀材料可以形成在该载体的一个或多个角部上。在第一构件和第二构件之间形成的一个或多个空间的尺寸可能不足以配合在未膨胀状态下的所述可膨胀材料。该载体因此可以被形成以将可膨胀材料从其在载体的角部的位置处引导到在与所述角部相邻处形成的在第一构件和第二构件之间的小空隙内。将可膨胀的粘合剂包括到这些小空隙内,借助于通过粘合剂膨胀到这些细小开口之内而形成的细的结合线,而提供了在第一构件和第二构件之间的改善的粘合强度。该载体可以是大致为矩形的,且因此可包括一个顶表面、一个底表面、两个侧表面、一个前表面和一个后表面。这些表面各自可由一个或多个开口、肋结构、完整的(solid)表面或上述各项的组合形成。因此,与顶表面、底表面或两个侧表面直接相邻(例如,处于直接平面接触)的一个或多个区域可以不具有任何未膨胀状态的可膨胀材料。一旦活化所述可膨胀材料,所述可膨胀材料可发泡且膨胀进入与顶表面、底表面或两个侧表面中一个或多个直接相邻的区域内。
可膨胀的粘合剂材料可以是基于环氧树脂的材料,诸如在美国专利No.5,884,960;No.6,348,513;No.6,368,438;No.6,811,864;No.7,125,461;No.7,249,415;和美国专利公布No.2004/0076831和No.2008/0029200中公开的那些,这些美国专利和美国专利公布在此通过引用纳入。可膨胀材料一般可以被塑形成矩形或块状配置(blockconfiguration),但也可以根据载体的配置按需要或期望进行塑形。例如,可膨胀材料可以是多边形的形状,且沿着该载体的角部形成。更具体地,可膨胀材料可以是五边形的形状,且沿着该载体的一个或多个角部对齐。当然,可以设想到,可以将该材料作为单个零件(例如条带)或多个零件(例如多个条带)而施加到载体。一旦膨胀时,可膨胀材料起初可以竖直地膨胀直到接触任何屏障物为止,在此处可膨胀材料可以开始在水平方向上膨胀,从而接触所述载体的顶表面、底表面或两个侧表面中的一个或多个。该可膨胀材料可以能够膨胀进入任何宽度大于约0.5mm的间隙。
该可膨胀材料可以是一种树脂,通常摸起来是干燥的或发粘的,且可被塑形成任何想要的图案、布置(placement)或厚度的形式,但优选地具有基本均匀的厚度。虽然其他热活化材料也可用于所述可膨胀材料,但优选的热活化材料是可膨胀的聚合物或塑料,且优选地是一种可发泡的材料。所述可膨胀材料可以是具有的聚合物配方的一种相对高膨胀度的泡沫,其包括如下一种或多种:环氧树脂、乙酸酯(例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)、热塑性聚醚、丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯(例如,丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物)、环氧/弹性体加合物,和一种或多种填料(如粘土填料,和/或含纳米粒子的填料)。优选的热膨胀性材料公开于美国专利No.7,313,865、No.7,125,461和No.7,199,165中,这些美国专利出于各种目的通过引用纳入本文。该可膨胀材料也可以是例如但不限于基于EVA/橡胶的材料,包括可具有α-烯烃的乙烯共聚物或三元共聚物。作为共聚物或三元共聚物,该聚合物是由两种或三种不同的单体构成的,单体也即具有高化学反应性的小分子,这些分子能够与相似的分子链接起来。适合的可膨胀材料包括可从L&L Products,Inc.购得的标号为L7220、L2821、L1066、L205、L2010、L2105、L2108A、L2806、L2811、L4200、L4141、L4161、L4315、L5510、L5520、L5540、L5600、L5601、L7102和L7104的那些材料。
所述可膨胀材料可以由其他材料形成,前提是所选的材料是热活化的或是通过一种环境条件(例如,水分、压力、时间等)以其他方式活化,并且在对于所选的应用为适当的条件下固化。一种这样的材料是在美国专利No.6,131,897中公开的环氧基树脂,该专利的教导通过引用纳入于此。其他一些可能的材料包括但不限于:聚烯烃材料、具有至少一种α-烯烃单体类型的共聚物和三元共聚物、苯酚/甲醛材料、苯氧基材料、以及具有高的玻璃化转变温度的聚氨酯材料。也可以使用其他材料,如那些在美国专利No.5,766,719、No.5,755,486、No.5,575,526和No.5,932,680中公开的那些材料,上述专利为所有目的通过引用纳入本文。
在其中所述可膨胀材料是热活化材料的应用中,材料的选择和配方所涉及的一个重要考虑是材料固化的温度,且如果可膨胀还需考虑膨胀温度。通常,所述材料在较高的处理温度下(例如当在升高的温度下或在施加更高程度的能量情况下(例如,在涂装(例如,电泳涂装、有色漆或清漆涂装)固化步骤期间)将所述材料连同汽车结构一并处理时,
在汽车组装工厂中遇到的温度)变成反应性的(固化、膨胀或两者)。
虽然在汽车组装操作中遇到的温度对于车身车间应用(例如电泳涂装)
可以在约148.89℃到204.44℃的范围内(约300℉到400℉),但对于涂装车间应用通常是约93.33℃(200℉)或略高(例如,120℃-150℃)。
例如如图1中所示,连接件10包括形成笼状结构的载体14,以及位于该载体14上的可膨胀材料12。该载体14包括多个肋结构16,其中一个或多个肋结构16可包括所述可膨胀材料12。图2示出使用连接件10来连接第一构件18和第二构件20。连接件10可位于第一构件18的腔24之内,而第二构件20的一部分位于连接件10的限定区(confines)
之内。第一构件18的腔24可以包括一个开口26,连接件10定位在该开口26之内。该连接件还可包括一个前壁22和一个后壁28,前壁22可以是不完整的前壁,后壁28可以是完整的壁或者也可以是不完整的壁。前壁22可以包括一个边缘(例如,一个唇边),该边缘延伸超出开口26的高度和宽度,以使得连接件位于腔24之内的正确位置,并且防止该连接件比所期望的更远地延伸进入腔24之内。
例如如图3中所示,可以在车辆框架结构中利用多个连接件10。多个第一构件18每个都可接纳一个连接件10。多个第二框架构件20中每个都可将其一部分定位在连接件之内,以使得每个第二框架构件20的每个端部都位于连接件之内。可膨胀材料12可以位于载体14的角部区域中,以使得所述可膨胀材料一旦膨胀,所述可膨胀材料就与所述第一构件18进行直接接触。如所示,载体14包括一个前壁,所述前壁具有边缘22,该边缘22有助于将连接件10定位在想要的位置,以使得边缘22与所述第一构件处于直接平面接触。
图4示出一个连接件10的视图,其被定位到第一构件18的一个腔中。在载体14的限定区之内定位有第二构件20的一部分。第二构件20被定位到连接件10中,以使得第一构件18和第二构件20被布置成所示的彼此基本垂直的关系。图5示出该连接件的截面图,示出可膨胀材料12被定位到载体14的角部肋结构30上并且不完全地围绕角部肋结构30。示出连接件10位于第一构件18之内,且第二构件20位于连接件10之内。第一构件18和第二构件20之间的开口32足以防止第一构件和第二构件之间的接触(因而防止腐蚀)。一旦膨胀,所述可膨胀材料12就可膨胀进入开口32,以进一步防止第一构件18和第二构件20之间的接触。或者,该连接件可包括一个或多个结构来引导所述可膨胀材料的有向膨胀,且从而可防止该可膨胀材料进入开口32或开口32的至少一部分。
在此记载的任何数值包括从较低值到较高值的以一个单位为增量的所有值,前提是在任何较低值和任何较高值之间有至少两个单位的间隔。例如,如果已经陈述了部件的数量或过程变量诸如温度、压力、时间等的值是例如从1到90,优选为20至80,更优选为30至70,则意味着诸如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等这些值都在本说明书中被明确地枚举。对于小于1的值,视情况认为一个单位是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。这些仅仅是专门指定的实例,而在最低值和最高值之间枚举出的数值的所有可能的组合均应被视为是以类似的方式已在此申请中明确声明。可以看出,用“重量份”表述的量的教导也考虑了用重量百分比表达的相同范围。因此,在本发明的具体实施方式中对一个范围以“x重量份的所得聚合物共混组合物”为措词的表述也考虑了教导以“x重量百分比的所得聚合物共混组合物”表述的相同的量的范围。
除非另有说明,否则所有范围都既包括端点又包括端点之间的所有数字。用于范围的“约”或“近似”适用于该范围的两个端点。因此,“约20到30”意味着涵盖了“约20到约30”,至少囊括了所指出的端点。
所有文章和参考文献——包括专利申请和专利公布——的公开内容都为所有目的通过引用纳入本文。用于描述组合的术语“基本由…组成”应当包括所指出的要素、成分、部件或步骤,以及不会在实质上影响该组合的基本特性和新颖特性的其他要素、成分、部件或步骤。这里用术语“包含”或“包括”来描述要素、成分、部件或步骤的组合也考虑了基本由所述要素、成分、部件或步骤组成的实施方案。在这里使用术语“可以”意味着“可以”被包括的任何所描述的属性是可选的。
复数个要素、成分、部件或步骤可以通过单个集成的要素、成分、部件或步骤来提供。或者,单个集成的要素、成分、部件或步骤可以被分成分立的复数个要素、成分、部件或步骤。用“一”或“一个”来描述要素、成分、部件或步骤并不意味着排除额外的要素、成分、部件或步骤。
应理解上述说明是描述性的而非限制性的。除了所提供的实施例之外,许多实施方案以及许多应用对于本领域技术人员而言在阅读上述说明书之后也将会显而易见。因此,本发明的范围不应参照上述说明书确定,而是应该参照所附权利要求以及这些权利要求的等价物的全部范围而确定。所有文章和参考文献——包括专利申请和专利公布——的公开内容均出于所有目的被纳入本文。在下列的权利要求书中对本文公开的主题内容的任一方面的省略均不是对上述主题内容的放弃声明,也不应认为发明人没有将这样的主题内容视为所公开的发明主题内容的一部分。
Claims (20)
1.用于结合一个结构的第一构件和第二构件的连接件,包含:
可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料;
被塑形的聚合物载体,其被配置为:
i.承载所述可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料;
ii.在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前,间隔所述第一
构件和所述第二构件;
iii.至少在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前,用于限制
所述第一构件相对于所述第二构件的移动;以及
iv.在将所述第一构件与所述第二构件连接之前,用于配合地
接合所述第一构件或所述第二构件中的至少一个;
其中所述可膨胀材料被塑形和定位在所述载体周围的选择性位置处以限定多个间隙,在所述间隙处所述第一构件和所述第二构件在膨胀之前相对于彼此处于直接对置的关系,但所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂材料一旦活化就将膨胀并且在一个方向上流动以填充所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间的所述间隙,以使得所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过所述可膨胀材料连接在一起并且相对于彼此隔绝开。
2.权利要求1的连接件,其中所述第一构件是铝管。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的连接件,其中所述第二构件是钢管。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体是尼龙。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体包括至少两个壁和多个平行的肋结构。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体的至少一部分位于所述第二构件的一个开口内。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项的连接件,其中所述第一构件的至少一部分位于所述被塑形的聚合物载体内。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体的至少一个壁被形成为一个开口,以使得该开口的形状对应于所述第一构件的形状,以用于接纳所述第一构件。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体的至少一个壁是完整的壁。
10.权利要求1至9中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体的至少一个壁被形成为一个开口且基本平行于所述被塑形的聚合物载体的一个完整的壁。
11.权利要求1至10中任一项的连接件,其中所述第一构件和所述第二构件由不相似的金属材料形成。
12.权利要求1至11中任一项的连接件,其中所述第一构件和所述第二构件被配置用于车辆框架组件。
13.权利要求1至12中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体包括一个紧固装置。
14.权利要求1至13中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体包括一个一体式形成的紧固装置。
15.权利要求1至14中任一项的连接件,其中当经由所述被塑形的聚合物载体连接时,所述第一构件和所述第二构件被一个小于约3mm的间隙间隔开。
16.权利要求1至15中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体具有小于约1mm的厚度。
17.权利要求1至16中任一项的连接件,其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体和所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂基本上防止所述第一构件相对于所述第二构件的移动。
18.权利要求1至17中任一项的连接件,其中所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂被定位到所述被塑形的聚合物载体的多个角部上。
19.权利要求5的连接件,其中所述肋结构被定位在所述聚合物载体周围,以使得所述肋结构不阻止所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂的横向流动。
20.用于结合一个结构的第一铝构件和第二钢构件的连接件,包含:
可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料;
被塑形的尼龙载体,其具有至少两个壁和多个平行的肋结构,其中至少一个壁是完整的壁,该被塑形的尼龙载体被配置为:
i.承载所述可热膨胀的结构粘合剂材料;
ii.在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前,间隔所述第一
构件和所述第二构件;
iii.至少在所述结构粘合剂材料的热膨胀活化之前,用于限制
所述第一构件相对于所述第二构件的移动;以及
iv.在将所述第一构件与所述第二构件连接之前,用于配合地
接合所述第一构件或所述第二构件中的至少一个;
其中所述被塑形的聚合物载体的至少一个壁被形成为一个开
口,以使得该开口的形状对应于所述第一构件的形状,以用于
接纳所述第一构件;
其中所述可膨胀材料被塑形和定位在所述载体周围的选择性位置处以限定多个间隙,在所述间隙处所述第一构件和所述第二构件在膨胀之前相对于彼此处于直接对置的关系,但所述可膨胀的结构粘合剂材料一旦活化就将膨胀并且在一个方向上流动以填充所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间的所述间隙,以使得所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过所述可膨胀材料连接在一起并且相对于彼此隔绝开。
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EP (1) | EP2686223B1 (zh) |
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- 2012-03-19 US US13/423,663 patent/US8689516B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-19 WO PCT/US2012/029630 patent/WO2012125995A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-19 EP EP12710645.8A patent/EP2686223B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-19 CN CN201280018928.1A patent/CN103492257B/zh active Active
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2014
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2016
- 2016-03-18 US US15/074,799 patent/US10174778B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
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US20120235401A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
WO2012125995A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
US20140186100A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
EP2686223A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
US20160201708A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP2686223B1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
US9303670B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
US10174778B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
US8689516B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
CN103492257B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
BR112013023808A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
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