CN103416278B - Method for culturing vegetation in Karst landform region - Google Patents
Method for culturing vegetation in Karst landform region Download PDFInfo
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- CN103416278B CN103416278B CN201310380251.2A CN201310380251A CN103416278B CN 103416278 B CN103416278 B CN 103416278B CN 201310380251 A CN201310380251 A CN 201310380251A CN 103416278 B CN103416278 B CN 103416278B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing vegetation in a Karst landform region. The method comprises the steps of borrowed soil backfilling, retaining wall building, land preparation, base fertilizer application, seedling selection, planting and management, and can be used for effectively improving the survival rate of vegetation planted in the Karst landform region; the planted lands of different shapes can be prepared according to the specific conditions of the Karst landform, so that the practicability of the method is improved; through arranging retaining walls, soil is prevented from running off, a good growing environment is provided for the growth of vegetation, and the ecological environment of the Karst landform region is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to karst landform stony desertification treatment field, be specifically related to a kind of method of karst landform cultural vegetation.
Background technology
Karst landform stony desertification is the severe ecotope that after mountain areas ecotope is destroyed, the rock formed is completely exposed, not even a blade of grass grows., there is difficulty of governance large, the problem of ecological recovery difficulty in the revegetation of Rocky Desertification Region.Particularly karst landform stony desertification ecological recovery difficulty is larger.
For a long time, in most karst, because firewood is adopted, herds, to be burnt the grass on waste land etc. and think and interference cause vegetation broken destruction repeatedly, vegetation resources is deficient, ecological environment frailty, frequent natural calamity, upper strata is more shallow, water and soil loss is very serious, rock exposed rate in some areas increases year by year, causes stony desertification scene and is on the rise, and causes revegetation very difficult.Although enrich at Karst Regional precipitation, but because precipitation Tendency analysis in basin is uneven, soil layer is shallow, the soil body is discontinuous, and the feature such as soil water retention capacity is low, seepage is serious, easily cause soil seasonal drought, even if at rainy Growing season, also often occur that evaporation discharge is greater than the dry period of precipitation, this affects the recovery of vegetation to a great extent.Especially higher at degree of degeneration, naked scar amasss larger stony desertification location, and vegetation system is very fragile, and the ability of the anti-external interference of group is very low, and after being damaged, self-repairing capability is poor, and the clear-cutting forestland difficulty of habitat and vegetation is very big.Habitat after destroyed and vegetation are not only difficult to clear-cutting forestland, and cause serious vicious circle, make there is more and more serious catastrophic natural calamity every year, and such as muddy and slippery slope, debris flow etc. constantly occur.
For those destroying thoroughly, degree of depth stony desertification, soil is less, clear-cutting forestland potentiality are less location, the method of carrying out afforesting is also more single, because heavy rain will make the soil moved in improve the original brought run off totally, especially experienced by destruction repeatedly in those vegetation, soil layer is shallow, severe water and soil erosion, the area of seriously stony desertification.In fact vegetation, soil and moisture be in Karst ecosystem three be mutually related, the important and factor of natural environment of sensitivity.Wherein soil and moisture are the bases of Karst vegetation sustainable development, only had applicable vegetation fast, the soil of stable growth and moisture, vegetation could recover in a short time, and the root system having recovered vegetation has the function of fixing soil, from then on just can enter the benign cycle of revegetation.The Karst Area region soil of obvious improvement stony desertification, reducing water and soil loss is technology most crucial and crucial in stony desertification karst mountain area revegetation measure.
The people being simultaneously positioned at karst landform area are due to the impact by geographical environment, and economic situation is poor, change poverty status, building a New Socialist Countryside, realize the urgent task of all-round well-off society's ambitious goal.Rocky Desertification Region bad environments, distance building a New Socialist Countryside, the target realizing all-round well-off society and requirement differ greatly.According to West national economy and social development " 12 " planning, the difficult point of all-round construction goal of ensuring people a relative comfortable life and key are in rural area, and the difficult point of New Countryside Construction is in Rocky Desertification Region.Therefore, accelerate Rocky Desertification special administration, improve the production of severe ecotope and the people, living condition, the Rocky Desertification Region people are helped to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, increase the income of peasant, change backwardnesses such as " drinking-water difficulty, burning bavin difficulty, the difficulty that builds a house, finding great trouble in getting to one's destination on foot, difficult schooling, illumination difficulty, the difficulty and high cosies of getting medical ", be the new socialist countryside building " production development, improve living standards, custom civilization, cleanliness of villages, beautiful environment " in the urgent need to, be also create harmonious society, realize an urgent demand of comprehensively striving for a relatively comfortable life.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is serious in order to overcome the area stony desertification of existing karst landform, the problem that ecotope is severe, and a kind of method of karst landform cultural vegetation is provided, effectively can improve the survival rate of vegetation, administer the stony desertification of karst landform, improve the ecotope in karst landform area.
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A method for karst landform cultural vegetation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Backfilling new soil, utilize building, road, mining engineering abandonment soil and enterprise's solid waste as soil moved in improve the original along contour from bottom to top step by step landfill until soil moved in improve the original lid crosses bare rock;
Build retaining wall by laying bricks or stones, build retaining wall along isocontour direction by laying bricks or stones in back filled region;
Wholely, arrange cave-shaped planting site according to the situation of karst landform, Furrow sowing ground or entirely cultivate planting site;
Apply base fertilizer, adopt farmyard manure and rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer as base fertilizer, be backfilled to cave-shaped planting site, trench planting site after base fertilizer and whole the soil dug out mix and entirely cultivate in planting site;
Selection of seedling, select the above nursery stock of secondary specified in national standard, the native ball straw rope of lifting is wrapped up, and cuts off sprig, and the clip of sprig should be level and smooth, and clip also does preservative treatment;
Plantation, the degree of depth of transplanted seedling tree is higher than the degree of depth of original nursery stock, and seedling root is unfolded, nursery stock righting, bury native consolidation; After guaranteeing that filling with water and soil implements, the collar of nursery stock is equal with earth's surface; Pour water after plantation and irrigate, and with plastic mulching;
Management, pouring second time water in seedling growth two weeks; Also comprise weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, topdress and pruning work.
Further, described retaining wall by free stone masonry, and uses cement mortar joint filling.
Further, the specification of described cave-shaped planting site is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, 40cm × 40cm × 40cm two kinds of specifications.
Further, described applying base fertilizer, by the cave-shaped planting site of 80cm × 80cm × 80cm specification, often spreads manuer in holes into 20kg farmyard manure and 4kg composite fertilizer; By the cave-shaped planting site of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm specification, often spread manuer in holes into 2.5kg farmyard manure and 0.5kg composite fertilizer; Trench planting site and entirely cultivate planting site, every mu apply 900kg farmyard manure and 160kg composite fertilizer.
Further, topdressing in described management be late fall, early spring or intertillage time topdress, topdress based on rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer, be aided with farmyard manure and nitrogenous fertilizer; Under tree crown, dig ring-type, radial or cave-shaped ditch when topdressing, the degree of depth is 20-30cm.
Further, described nursery stock is mainly the blue flower principal columns of a hall, banyan, Panzhihua, flame tree, Bougainvillea spectabilis, fragrant camphor tree, toon, cannon flower, Ficus microcarpa, high mountain banyan; The torrid zone, subtropical fruits or dry fruit plant.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
One, the method for karst landform cultural vegetation of the present invention, comprise backfilling new soil, build retaining wall by laying bricks or stones, whole, apply base fertilizer, selection of seedling, plantation and management process, effectively can improve the survival rate of the plantation vegetation in karst landform area; According to the concrete condition of karst landform, the planting site of different shapes can be arranged, improve practicality of the present invention, by arranging retaining wall, prevent the loss of soil, the growth for vegetation provides good growing environment, improves the ecotope in karst landform area.
Two, retaining wall of the present invention is by free stone masonry, and uses cement mortar joint filling, makes the present invention can make full use of mountain stone resource, reduces the cost administering karst landform stony desertification.
Three, the specification of cave-shaped planting site of the present invention is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm or 40cm × 40cm × 40cm two kinds of specifications, can arrange out the planting site of different size, be convenient to suit measures to local conditions according to the situation of karst landform.
Four, applying base fertilizer of the present invention, by the cave-shaped planting site of 80cm × 80cm × 80cm specification, often spreads manuer in holes into 20kg farmyard manure and 4kg composite fertilizer; By the cave-shaped planting site of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm specification, often spread manuer in holes into 2.5kg farmyard manure and 0.5kg composite fertilizer; Trench planting site and entirely cultivate planting site, every mu applies 900kg farmyard manure and 160kg composite fertilizer, can ensure that vegetation has the base fertilizer of appropriate amount, improves the survival rate of vegetation.
Five, of the present invention topdress be late fall, early spring or intertillage time topdress, topdress based on rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer, be aided with farmyard manure and nitrogenous fertilizer; Under tree crown, dig ring-type, radial or cave-shaped ditch when topdressing, the degree of depth is 20-30cm, and the growth for vegetation provides abundant material, is convenient to vegetation simultaneously and absorbs the fertilizer added.
Six, nursery stock of the present invention is mainly the blue flower principal columns of a hall, banyan, Panzhihua, flame tree, Bougainvillea spectabilis, fragrant camphor tree, toon, cannon flower, Ficus microcarpa, high mountain banyan; The torrid zone, subtropical fruits or dry fruit plant.These nursery stocks can adapt to the environment with karst landform, as tourism plant and economic crops, can be convenient to the management of karst landform areas comprehensive, exploitation tourist industry and economic crops, improve the income of karst landform area people simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, is not whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments used obtained under creative work prerequisite, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The method of karst landform cultural vegetation of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Backfilling new soil, utilize building, road, mining engineering abandonment soil and enterprise's solid waste as soil moved in improve the original along contour from bottom to top step by step landfill until soil moved in improve the original lid crosses bare rock; Certainly other discarded object can be utilized to backfill as soil moved in improve the original, and the soil that the present invention utilizes building, road, mining engineering to abandon and enterprise's solid waste backfill as soil moved in improve the original, these soil and offal treatment can be fallen, reduce costs.The thick lid of backfilling new soil crosses bare rock, and soil moved in improve the original lid crosses bare rock 10-50cm, can provide better soil for growth, increase the water holding capacity of soil simultaneously for the growth of vegetation.As the preferred mode of one, soil moved in improve the original lid crosses bare rock 30cm.
Build retaining wall by laying bricks or stones, build retaining wall along isocontour direction by laying bricks or stones in back filled region; Certainly, building by laying bricks or stones of retaining wall also can set as the case may be, arranges along isocontour direction, is the preferred mode of one of the present invention.Retaining wall by free stone masonry, and uses cement mortar joint filling, utilizes rubble to build by laying bricks or stones, has feature easily of drawing materials, and makes full use of the natural resources of karst landform, reduces the cost of plantation vegetation.
Wholely, arrange cave-shaped planting site according to the situation of karst landform, Furrow sowing ground or entirely cultivate planting site; The specification of cave-shaped planting site is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm or 40cm × 40cm × 40cm two kinds of specifications, Furrow sowing ground is according to planting density determination furrow width and ditch spacing, blood shape planting site also can set according to the kind of the situation of karst landform and plantation vegetation simultaneously, have the advantages that flexibility is large, meet the plantation demand of different regions differ ent vegetation.
Apply base fertilizer, adopt farmyard manure and rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer as base fertilizer, be backfilled to cave-shaped planting site, trench planting site after base fertilizer and whole the soil dug out mix and entirely cultivate in planting site; Apply base fertilizer, by the cave-shaped planting site of 80cm × 80cm × 80cm specification, often spread manuer in holes into 20kg farmyard manure and 4kg composite fertilizer; By the cave-shaped planting site of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm specification, often spread manuer in holes into 2.5kg farmyard manure and 0.5kg composite fertilizer; Trench planting site and entirely cultivate planting site, every mu apply 900kg farmyard manure and 160kg composite fertilizer.Certainly according to the situation of differ ent vegetation, the base fertilizer of variety classes and different amounts can be applied.
Selection of seedling, select the above nursery stock of secondary specified in national standard, the native ball straw rope of lifting is wrapped up, and cuts off sprig, and the clip of sprig should be level and smooth, and clip also does preservative treatment; This concept of the above nursery stock of secondary can be understood for a person skilled in the art, does not repeat them here.The nursery stock of cultivation is carried out play transplantation of seedlings time, the native ball straw rope of lifting is wrapped up, and effectively can protect the root system of nursery stock, improves the survival rate of nursery stock.
Plantation, the degree of depth of transplanted seedling tree is higher than the degree of depth of original nursery stock, and seedling root is unfolded, nursery stock righting, bury native consolidation; After guaranteeing that filling with water and soil implements, the collar of nursery stock is equal with earth's surface; Pour water after plantation and irrigate, and use plastic mulching.
Management, pouring second time water in seedling growth two weeks; Also comprise weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, topdress and pruning work.Topdress be late fall, early spring or intertillage time topdress, topdress based on rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer, be aided with farmyard manure and nitrogenous fertilizer; Under tree crown, dig ring-type, radial or cave-shaped ditch when topdressing, the degree of depth is 20-30cm, and the growth of vegetation provides abundant material, is convenient to vegetation simultaneously and absorbs the fertilizer added.
Further, nursery stock is mainly the blue flower principal columns of a hall, banyan, Panzhihua, flame tree, Bougainvillea spectabilis, fragrant camphor tree, toon, cannon flower, Ficus microcarpa, high mountain banyan; The torrid zone, subtropical fruits or dry fruit plant.Also the nursery stock of other kinds can be planted, simultaneously should plant different types of nursery stock according to the concrete condition of karst landform situations such as () height above sea level, rock texture, humidity, the present invention plants the blue flower principal columns of a hall, banyan, Panzhihua, flame tree, Bougainvillea spectabilis, fragrant camphor tree, toon, cannon flower, Ficus microcarpa, high mountain banyan; The torrid zone, subtropical fruits or dry fruit plant, these nursery stocks can adapt to the environment with karst landform, can, as tourism plant and economic crops, be convenient to manage karst landform areas comprehensive simultaneously, exploitation tourist industry and economic crops, improve the income of karst landform area people.
The method of karst landform cultural vegetation provided by the invention, effectively can improve the survival rate of vegetation, the situation of abundant karst landform and resource carry out the plantation of vegetation, the ecotope of karst landform can be improved, first set up Artificially transfering bezoar, then the ecotope that organic growth multigroup falls, allow the ecotope of karst landform enter benign cycle, can comprehensive development be tourist industry, for the people in karst landform area increase income simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. a method for karst landform cultural vegetation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Backfilling new soil, utilize building, road, mining engineering abandonment soil and enterprise's solid waste as soil moved in improve the original along contour from bottom to top step by step landfill until soil moved in improve the original lid crosses bare rock;
Build retaining wall by laying bricks or stones, build retaining wall along isocontour direction by laying bricks or stones in back filled region; Described retaining wall by free stone masonry, and uses cement mortar joint filling;
Wholely, arrange cave-shaped planting site according to the situation of karst landform, Furrow sowing ground or entirely cultivate planting site;
Apply base fertilizer, adopt farmyard manure and rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer as base fertilizer, be backfilled to cave-shaped planting site, trench planting site after base fertilizer and whole the soil dug out mix and entirely cultivate in planting site; Described applying base fertilizer, by the cave-shaped planting site of 80cm × 80cm × 80cm specification, often spreads manuer in holes into 20kg farmyard manure and 4kg composite fertilizer; By the cave-shaped planting site of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm specification, often spread manuer in holes into 2.5kg farmyard manure and 0.5kg composite fertilizer; Trench planting site and entirely cultivate planting site, every mu apply 900kg farmyard manure and 160kg composite fertilizer;
Selection of seedling, select the above nursery stock of secondary specified in national standard, the native ball straw rope of lifting is wrapped up, and cuts off sprig, and the clip of sprig should be level and smooth, and clip also does preservative treatment; Described nursery stock is mainly the blue flower principal columns of a hall, banyan, Panzhihua, flame tree, Bougainvillea spectabilis, fragrant camphor tree, toon, cannon flower; The torrid zone, subtropical fruits or dry fruit plant;
Plantation, the degree of depth of transplanted seedling tree is higher than the degree of depth of original nursery stock, and seedling root is unfolded, nursery stock righting, bury native consolidation; After guaranteeing that filling with water and soil implements, the collar of nursery stock is equal with earth's surface; Pour water after plantation and irrigate, and with plastic mulching;
Management, pouring second time water in seedling growth two weeks; Also comprise weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, topdress and pruning work; Described topdress be late fall, early spring or intertillage time topdress, topdress based on rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer, be aided with farmyard manure and nitrogenous fertilizer; Under tree crown, dig ring-type, radial or cave-shaped ditch when topdressing, the degree of depth is 20-30cm.
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| CN103907421B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-07 | 贵州师范大学 | The administering method of Karst Mountain Areas intensity stony desertification |
| CN103891448A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 贵州师范大学 | Comprehensive prevention and control method for karst mountain area stony desertification |
| CN104067840B (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-06-08 | 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 | The wintering method of a kind of twig and leaf of Royal poinciana little Miao |
| CN104160847B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-08-24 | 普定县远山林下养鸡场 | A kind of stony desert mountain region three dimensional-planting-breeding culturing method |
| CN104756727A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-08 | 黄凌燕 | Method for planting dendrocalamus asper in stony desertification soil |
| CN104855223A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-08-26 | 钟静海 | Method for intercropping honeysuckle and fructus cnidii in stony desertification soil |
| CN105594472B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏大学 | Judge method of the plant to environment of karst adaptability using iron content variation characteristic |
| CN106561390A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-19 | 贵州省山地资源研究所 | Method for cultivating passionflower in karst rocky desertification area |
| CN107258293A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-20 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage |
| CN107787747A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-13 | 兰新良 | A kind of method for preventing landslide |
| CN108021878B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-05-25 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Contour line negative-direction landform intelligent identification method |
| CN108450225A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A method of improving karst indigenous tree habitat |
| CN109845438A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-07 | 钦州学院 | A kind of karst landform stony desertification treatment method |
| CN113767806A (en) * | 2021-08-28 | 2021-12-10 | 叶光志 | Karst region stony desertification land comprehensive treatment method |
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