RU2425474C1 - Method to reinforce slopes of waterlogged lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and soil erosion. The method includes planting of plants, for instance, moisture-loving willows, into a slope soil. Plants are planted with hefts into seats-holes arranged both on slopes and on the edge before transition of a mostly horizontal surface of soil towards a slope with the help of, for instance, a metal rod, by means of its impression for the depth of 20-30 cm and by formation of a groove in soul with heft installation in it and subsequent compaction of soil around the heft, at the same grooves are made, and hefts are installed at the angle of 70-90° to the horizontal surface, creating a directed development of a root system of planted plants. Growth of hefts installed at the angle of 70-90° to the horizontal surface after their annual growth is bent down until contact with soil and is fixed in the bent position with the help of, for instance, a soil lump, a peg or another weight to form a fibroid-branch root system under each lower bud.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase efficiency of waterlogged land slopes reinforcement with wood plant materials.

1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to measures to strengthen the slopes of waterlogged lands, in particular by planting moisture-loving, for example willow, plants, on the edge of the transition of soil to the slope and directly on the slope.

A known method of strengthening slopes by stepwise terracing of the slope, the installation of anchors, anti-erosion screen, resistant gabion blocks, fixing the resistant gabion blocks to the anchors, see RF patent No. 2171875, publ. 07/20/2000. At the same time, the intersection lines of the berms with the sloping parts of the overlying terraces are located behind the slope collapse plane, after which vertical anchors are installed in the base and on the terrace berms, then the gabion blocks are arranged in the base and on the berm of the terrace slopes and fixed to vertical anchors, then perform the device of the anti-erosion screen and flexible anti-erosion coatings, connecting them with persistent gabion blocks. The technical result consists in increasing the stability of a landslide slope during the wave impact on it.

The disadvantages of this method include the high costs of the work to strengthen the slopes, which are not acceptable for the many existing around the fields and landings of the slopes, especially near roads, structures, ravines, etc.

To strengthen the slopes of waterlogged lands, a geogrid is used, which is a honeycomb made of 1.5 mm thick polyethylene tapes stitched together in a checkerboard pattern with welded high-strength seams. When stretched in the working plane, a stable frame is formed horizontally and vertically, which is designed to fix the filler (soil, quartz sand, concrete, etc.). The geogrid is widely used for soil reinforcement in the transport, hydraulic and other sectors of modern construction. Due to the large bearing capacity and relatively small deformation, the geogrid can be used to fix the pillows of various types of pavement, strengthen slopes and fix slopes of increased steepness, strengthen the coastal zone of reservoirs and rivers, fix slopes of cones of railway tracks, construct retaining walls, etc.

The geogrids are mounted on the surfaces of the slopes using L-shaped anchors 12-16 mm and a length of 0.6-1.2 m, made of steel or high-strength plastic materials. Anchors are installed along the contour of each geogrid to ensure its proper stretching in the form of a rectangle. Between the geogrids and the surface of the soil slope (in cases of filling the frame with crushed stone), a separation and drainage layer of non-woven geotextiles with a density of 200-400 g / m is laid. As a placeholder for geogrid cells, soil, crushed stone and concrete with frost resistance not lower than M 200 are used.

The disadvantages of this method include significant costs for the manufacture of geogrids and their installation on the slopes, which is also not acceptable for the numerous slopes existing in nature, for example, near agricultural land, fields, near roads, structures, ravines, etc.

Known more advanced with less cost method of strengthening the slopes, see RF patent No. 2116709, publ. 08/10/1998, "The method of planting forest crops on the slopes" - a prototype that includes soil preparation, laying ring-shaped elements in the form of used tires, filling their voids with soil and planting plants in it, while the tires are perforated before laying, soil preparation is performed by cutting horizontal grooves on the slope surface, tires are laid in furrows with an emphasis on their wall, water-guiding soil bridges are poured between adjacent rows of pneumatic tires, shrubs and trees are used as plants, and planted on lintels, and trees - in the soil filled with hollow tires.

The disadvantages of the known prototype method include its high complexity and low slope strengthening efficiency.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular the provision of the ability to effectively fix the slopes of waterlogged lands with woody plant materials.

This object is achieved in that the plants, for example, moisture-loving willow, are planted with cuttings in nests-holes made both on the slopes and on the edge before moving the predominantly horizontal surface of the soil to the slope using a rod, for example, metal, by pressing it to a depth of 20 ... 30 cm and the formation of recesses in the soil with the installation of the cuttings in it, followed by compaction of the soil around the cuttings, while the recesses are performed and the cuttings are installed directionally at an angle of 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal surface, creating a directed development of the root system of planted plants.

The growth of cuttings, set at an angle of 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal surface after their annual growth, is bent to contact with the soil and secured in a bent position using, for example, a coma of soil, clothespins or other cargo with the formation of a fibrous-root root under each lower kidney system.

The novelty of the proposed method is the directed planting of plants, for example, moisture-loving willow, cuttings in nests-holes made both on the slopes and on the edge before the transition of the mainly horizontal soil surface to the slope using a rod, for example, metal, by pressing it to a depth of 20 ... 30 cm and the formation of a recess in the soil with the installation of a cuttings in it and subsequent compaction around the soil cuttings, while the recesses are performed and set the cuttings at an angle of 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal top awns.

So, the installation of cuttings at an angle to a horizontal surface of 70 ... 90 ° promotes the accelerated formation and distribution of the roots of willow plants along the trunk of the rooted cuttings, which creates a directed root formation. Planting cuttings on the brow before crossing the predominantly horizontal surface of the soil to the slope allows you to fix the soil in the area most prone to slipping, and planting the cuttings directly on the slope contributes to a more reliable fixation of the soil from slipping. Willow plants are not afraid of waterlogged soils, propagate well by cuttings, take root and develop.

According to the patent information research, the proposed method is new and is aimed at achieving the objectives of the invention.

Signs of a decrease in the growth of cuttings installed at an angle of 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal surface after their annual growth until they come into contact with the soil with the formation of a fibrous-branched root system under each lower kidney, further enhance the positive effect of the directed planting of the cuttings and spread the root system as along the cuttings trunks, and along the growth trunks, thereby allowing to expand and strengthen a large surface area of the slope from slipping. Since the growth of willow plants can be bent in different directions, the soil is strengthened in a directional and more efficient way. The choice of the directions of the increment of growth of cuttings creates the possibility of the formation of the root system in the direction of areas free from willow plants.

The drawing schematically shows the surface of waterlogged land with an edge and a slope, on which cuttings of willow woody plants have been planted.

The diagram shows the edge 1 of slope 2, on which cuttings of 3 willow plants with several buds were planted. On the edge 1, the cuttings were planted mainly at an angle ά equal to 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal, the cuttings on the slope are installed mainly horizontally.

The proposed method is as follows.

Initially, to implement the proposed method in the spring, cuttings are cut. Then, with a metal or wooden rod in the soil of the slope or edge, grooves are made in which the cuttings 3 are installed to the entire depth of the groove, leaving some of the kidneys on the surface. The soil around the cuttings is compressed in such a way that the soil tightly covers the stem of the handle. The presence of moisture in waterlogged soil provides constant nutrition of cuttings with water, their survival and development. After a year of growth, the growth of the cuttings is bent in the desired direction until it contacts the soil and secured in such a bent position using a load that can serve as a lump of soil, stone, etc. thing.

The curing is carried out, for example, in the direction of the unplanted cuttings or in the direction of the area free from willow plants. The growth of cuttings can be bent to the sides, thereby creating a directed root formation in the soil layer of the slope and better fixing it.

A specific example of the method.

Initially, to implement the proposed method in the spring, willow cuttings with 5 ... 8 buds and a length of 40 ... 55 cm were cut. Then, several recesses with a depth of 30 cm were made with a metal rod at a distance of 70 ... 90 cm from each other, which set the cuttings 3 to the entire depth of the recess, leaving two or three buds on the surface. The soil around the cuttings was squeezed and compacted by hand. The soil tightly covered the stem of the stem. The presence of moisture in waterlogged soil provided constant nutrition of cuttings with water during their growth in the spring-summer period of 2008. Then continued to plant cuttings in the same section of the slope in the same way. Of the 1,200 planted on the brow (300 cuttings) and the slope (900 cuttings) on the waterlogged lands of the outskirts of the municipality of the village of Bystry Istok, Bystroystoksky district of Altai Krai, all cuttings took root on an area of 0.15 hectares, of which 1120 received a good growth from each kidney 50 in height ... 80 cm, and 80 - a small increase of 30 ... 40 cm.

The cuttings dug for the study showed the orientation of the formation of the root system towards the stem of the handle. In the spring of 2009, 60 ... 70% of the growth of cuttings was bent to the surface of the soil and secured in a bent position by clods of the same soil. At the same time, in some of the cuttings the growth was bent to the left, in the part to the right, and in some of the cuttings the growth was bent down the slope. In the fall of 2009, cuttings dug up for inspection with an increase bent in the spring of 2009 showed the direction of the development of the root system in all directions selected for the growth increment. The root system was deepened into the soil by 50 ... 70 cm, under each kidney growth, bent to the ground, a root system was also created, which spread to a depth of 30 ... 35 cm, was fibrous and dense.

Currently, the proposed method has developed technical documentation, conducted experimental fixing of the saturated slope, and positive results have been obtained.

It was decided to recommend the proposed method to all farms of the Altai Territory to strengthen the slopes of waterlogged lands.

Claims (2)

1. The method of fixing the slopes of waterlogged lands, including planting plants in the soil of the slope, characterized in that the planting of plants, for example, hygrophilous willow, is carried out by cuttings in nests-holes made both on the slopes and on the edge before crossing the mainly horizontal surface of the soil to the slope using, for example, a metal rod by pressing it to a depth of 20-30 cm and forming a recess in the soil with the installation of a handle in it and subsequent compaction of the soil around the handle, with the recess perform and install cuttings at an angle of 70-90 ° to the horizontal surface, creating a directed development of the root system of planted plants. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the growth of cuttings installed at an angle of 70-90 ° to the horizontal surface after their annual growth is bent to contact with the soil and secured in a bent position using, for example, a soil coma, clothespins or another cargo with the formation of a fibrous-branched root system under each lower kidney.