CN103392403B - A kind of method recovering heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas vegetation - Google Patents
A kind of method recovering heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas vegetation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method recovering heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas vegetation, after the method comprises the steps: the beginning of spring, level land, one or more the configuration mode on this soil below Plant compound type employing in four kinds of patterns: arbor+shrub+draft pattern, arbor+draft pattern, shrub+draft pattern, arbor+shrub pattern.The Dominant variety filtering out revegetation is introduced from external, in conjunction with China's saline alkali tolerant plant, build Plant compound type, can reach soil salt content 0.6% ~ 1.5%, subterranean water level less than 1.5 meters, when ground elevation reaches construction requirements, farmland soil need not be changed, direct plantation is network minimal, the promising Vegetative restoration pattern of most.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology for recovering vegetation, particularly a kind of method utilizing biological control measure to recover the vegetation of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile area.
Background technology
Recovery along with Ecological Fragile is the main target of various countries' improvement of the ecological environment, and Vulnerable Ecological Area soil is barren, soil fertility decline, drought and water shortage, vegetation rareness natural present situation make the realization of this target be faced with huge difficulty.The developed area that Northern Coastal Provinces is built as northern China focus development; forest ecological project construction be responsible for improve coastal region investment environment, improve resident produce, living space quality, protection pesticide area agriculture produce, resist the multiple function such as sea wind tide and other natural calamity.
Binhai New Area in Tianjin has now become the emphasis of China's general developing strategy, and will drive the development of Bohai Rim, become the new source of economic growth of north development, economic status is quite important.Attach most importance to varieties in saline-alkali areas in this region, ecotope is congenital just fragile, and its soil belongs to Salinized fluvo-aquic soil in Binhai, wet moisture soil and marine solonchak, and soil property is sticky heavy, and quality hardens, soil salt content 1-2%, and high person reaches more than 3%; The degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and considerably beyond 10g/l, subterranean water level is high, and at 0.5m ~ 1.5m, soil compaction, unit weight is at 1.5 ~ 1.79g/cm
3, require 1.35g/cm considerably beyond general farmland soil
3the natural ecological environment of local area is no longer by the control of physioclimate band, and plant growth, then by the restriction of coastal soil condition, forms azonal vegetation, form the salt meadow vegetation of taking the factor with solonchak as the leading factor, fragile ecotope has produced the development in region and has coerced and limit.
Heavy saline district, Binhai New Area in Tianjin, in the revegetation in heavy saline-alkali area at seashore district in the past, for the shallow diving Muddy Bottoms area of subterranean water level more than 1.2 meters, mainly take " shallow close formula " closed drainage salt reduction, soil moved in improve the original changes a whole set of construction technology and the technology of plantation, solves a difficult problem for this area.Along with the increase of area, the application of this technology has the following disadvantages: (1) cost is higher, more than 100 ~ 200 yuan/㎡, and government economy pressure is very large; (2) soil moved in improve the original greening, damages farmland, contaminated environment; And this constructional mode of ecological environment is mainly realized by city landscape environment construction, be that developed area can reach, and the economic development of the current each department of China is uneven, economic backward area is difficult to continue to implement this technical system on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
According to natural environmental condition and the plant development law of northern China ecologically fragile area, find the technology path of economical rationality, introduce the Dominant variety filtering out revegetation, in conjunction with China's saline alkali tolerant plant from external, build Plant compound type, can reach soil salt content 0.6% ~ 1.5%, subterranean water level less than 1.5 meters, when ground elevation reaches construction requirements, farmland soil need not be changed, direct plantation is network minimal, the promising Vegetative restoration pattern of most.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The invention provides a kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas revegetation, comprise the steps:
After the beginning of spring, level land, one or more the configuration mode on this soil below Plant compound type employing in four kinds of patterns:
(1), arbor+shrub+draft pattern; First plant arbor, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, plants a line shrub between arbor, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, after June, sows herbaceous plant under shrub;
(2), arbor+draft pattern; First plant arbor, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, after June, sows herbaceous plant under arbor;
(3), shrub+draft pattern, shrub of first planting, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, and sows herbaceous plant after June under shrub.
(4), arbor+shrub pattern, arbor of first planting, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, plants a line shrub between arbor.
Preferably, having at least a kind of in any one pattern in above-mentioned Plant compound type is pole salt-tolerant plant or a kind of leguminous plant;
The pole salt-tolerant plant (directly can plant on soil salt content 0.6% ~ 1.5%) introduced.
Shrub: French tamarisk (Tamarixgallica); Silver buffalo fruit (Shep-herdiaargentea); Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose (Rosarugosa); Liquor-saturated barna (BuddlejaahernifoliaMaxim); Gold leaf common bluebeard (Caryopteris × clandonensisWorcesterGold);
Draft: E. elongata (ElytrigiaelongataNevski); Leymus racemosus (Psathyrostachysjuncea), Phalaris grass (Phalarisarundinacea);
Adapt to the domestic saline alkali tolerant plant applied of beach saline land:
Arbor: No. 2, garden wax (FraxinusyuanlaNo.2); Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree (Robinia, pseudoacaciacv, Xianghuahuai); Locust tree (RobiniapseudoacaciaL); Silk tree (Albiziaspp);
Shrub: pumila (Ulmuspumilal); Canada cercis (CercisCanadensis); Hair core wood (Symphoricarposalbus); Shrubby flase indigo (AmorphafruticosaL);
Draft: clover: in herd No. 2; (MedicagosativaLcvZhongmuNo2);
Wherein: leguminous plant As locust tree, fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree, silk tree, Canadian cercis, shrubby flase indigo or clover.
Preferably, described Plant compound type is one or more the combination in following 18 kinds.(select n kind configuration mode, be about to corresponding soil and be divided into n region, a kind of Plant compound type in often kind of corresponding n of region.Arbitrary natural number in N=1-18).
(1) arbor+shrub+draft: the cured No. 2+pumila+Leymus racemosus in garden; Cured No. 2 of garden+liquor-saturated barna+E. elongata; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+Chinese tamarisk+E. elongata; Locust tree+Chinese tamarisk+Phalaris grass; Silk tree+hair core wood+Leymus racemosus;
(2) arbor+draft: garden wax No. 2+clover; Silk tree+Leymus racemosus; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+E. elongata; Locust tree+Phalaris grass;
(3) shrub+draft: pumila+clover; Silver buffalo fruit+Leymus racemosus; Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose+Phalaris grass; Shrubby flase indigo+E. elongata; Canada's cercis+E. elongata;
(4) arbor+undershrub: the cured No. 2+Chinese tamarisk in garden (being trimmed to 30 ~ 50 ㎝); Locust tree+Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose; Silk tree+hair core wood; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+gold leaf common bluebeard.
Preferably, described herbaceous plant adopts two kinds of cropping patterns, and one is the alternate plantation of gramineous plants and clover, and one is that the two is in sowing after the mixing of 1:1 ratio.Wherein gramineous plants: one or more in E. elongata, Leymus racemosus or Phalaris grass.
Preferably, step of leveling land described in the discrepancy in elevation is no more than 5 ㎝.
Preferably, described Plant compound type is the combination of following 13 kinds.
(1) arbor+shrub+draft: the cured No. 2+pumila+Leymus racemosus in garden; Cured No. 2 of garden+liquor-saturated barna+E. elongata;
(2) arbor+draft: garden wax No. 2+clover; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+E. elongata; Locust tree+Phalaris grass;
(3) shrub+draft: pumila+clover; Silver buffalo fruit+Leymus racemosus; Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose+Phalaris grass; Shrubby flase indigo+E. elongata; Canada's cercis+E. elongata;
(4) arbor+undershrub: the cured No. 2+Chinese tamarisk in garden; Silk tree+hair core wood; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+gold leaf common bluebeard.
The advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect are:
1, filled up the germ plasm resource of northern coastal region heavy saline revegetation, solved heavy saline-alkali area at seashore district and do not change soil moved in improve the original, saline alkali tolerant plant of just can directly planting reaches the effect that namely revegetation afforests, and greatly reduces costs;
2 introduce the extensive use of new excellent enduring alkali variety, enrich domestic anti-salt germ plasm resource and genetic resources, add species composition and plant community and species diversity; Change the situation that greenbelt plants kind is deficient, species are dull.
The 3 pole saline alkali tolerant plants introduced directly are planted application on heavy saline soil, have broken the growth boundary of plant, have overcome the bad condition in saline land, reduced engineering difficulty, expense and Green Space Maintenance administrative expenses, have inestimable economic benefit.
4, Comprehensive Cultural administrative skill of the present invention, scientific and reasonable, to economize energy, water, resource and protection of the environment, promotes that Ecological landscape has broad application prospects.
The application of the Plant compound type 5, selecting resistance floristics to build, reduces and more plants rate, also replaces gradually changing the high situation of soil moved in improve the original greening cost; Can greatly reduce Green Space Construction cost, purify air, water moisture self restraint, adjustment microclimate, effectively improve urban ecological environment.There is huge ecology, economic and social benefit.
6, in coastal region greening and improvement of the ecological environment, raise ground for coastal region low laying areas, fill out pad soil moved in improve the original, the situation of soil resource scarcity, accomplish the thin use of soil, the thick use of difference soil, reclamation of saline soil, matching species with the site; Reach and suit measures to local conditions, economize the land resource, the object of preserving the ecological environment.
This method can cover the improvement of the ecological environment field in national similar area, is particularly applied to forestry and the environmental construction of northern China heavy saline-alkali area at seashore district and development of the West Regions.Only Bohai Rim's popularizing area about 760,000 hectares, just can directly apply this technology, has guidance and reference to China coast Saline-alkali Field Control.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but do not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Tianjin Dagang District horse circle salt-tolerant plant germ plasm resource Demonstration Base, area is about 100 mu, soil salt content, and after within 2007, leveling land, the salt-tolerant plant filtered out of directly having planted March, forms different tree-dimentional growing model, then survival rate 95%.
The planting and planting of salt-tolerant plant
1, the mensuration of soil physico-chemical property: measure experimental field plough horizon (0 ~ 60 ㎝), soil salt content, in 0.6% ~ 1.5% scope, between pH value 8.0 ~ 8.5, met this project and introduced a fine variety requirement before planting in March, 2007.
2, plant: tree and shrubs of first planting mid-March, arbor seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, and shrub is planted between two row arbors; The Plant compound type selected is: (Tianjin Dagang District horse circle salt-tolerant plant germ plasm resource Demonstration Base being divided into 13 pieces of regions, a kind of Plant compound type of every block regional choice)
(1) arbor+shrub+draft: the cured No. 2+pumila+Leymus racemosus in garden; Cured No. 2 of garden+liquor-saturated barna+E. elongata (draft is sowed after June);
(2) arbor+draft: garden wax No. 2+clover; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+E. elongata; Locust tree+Phalaris grass (draft is sowed after June)
(3) shrub+draft: pumila+clover; Silver buffalo fruit+Leymus racemosus; Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose+Phalaris grass; Shrubby flase indigo+E. elongata; Canada's cercis+E. elongata; (draft is sowed after June);
(4) arbor+undershrub: the cured No. 2+Chinese tamarisk in garden (being trimmed to 30 ~ 50 ㎝); Silk tree+hair core wood; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+gold leaf common bluebeard (March plants simultaneously).
2, late maintaining management:
Conveniently the maintenance code of plant carries out watering and the extermination of disease and insect pest, investigates plant survival rate by the end of November all more than 95%.Soil salt content drops between 0.3 ~ 0.4%.Reach the object of heavy saline district revegetation.
3, cost compare:
Owing to taking new technology, introduce a fine variety pole saline alkali tolerant plant, by the reasonable science configuration of plant, to counteract each other principle in accordance with plant, improve soil, also form plant community.Compare with the technical approach that soil moved in improve the original was changed in the past, cost reduces by 88 ~ 120 Yuan/㎡.Refer to table 1:
The square meter cost contrast of table 1 on heavy saline-alkali area at seashore under differ ent vegetation reforestation practices
Unit: yuan/㎡
Claims (2)
1. a method for heavy saline-alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas revegetation, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
After the beginning of spring, level land, on this soil, below Plant compound type employing, four kinds of patterns are configured:
(1), arbor+shrub+draft pattern: arbor of first planting, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, a line shrub is planted between arbor, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, after June, under shrub, sow herbaceous plant;
(2), arbor+draft pattern: arbor of first planting, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, after June, sows herbaceous plant under arbor;
(3), shrub+draft pattern: shrub of first planting, along with planting and the pouring of final-period management, when soil salt content is reduced to 0.4 ~ 0.6%, after June, under shrub, sow herbaceous plant;
(4), arbor+shrub pattern: arbor of first planting, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4 ~ 5 ㎝, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, plants a line shrub between arbor;
The plant that described Plant compound type is selected is:
(1) arbor+shrub+draft: the cured No. 2+pumila+Leymus racemosus in garden; Cured No. 2 of garden+liquor-saturated barna+E. elongata; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+Chinese tamarisk+E. elongata; Locust tree+Chinese tamarisk+Phalaris grass; Silk tree+hair core wood+Leymus racemosus;
(2) arbor+draft: garden wax No. 2+clover; Silk tree+Leymus racemosus; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+E. elongata; Locust tree+Phalaris grass;
(3) shrub+draft: pumila+clover; Silver buffalo fruit+Leymus racemosus; Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose+Phalaris grass; Shrubby flase indigo+E. elongata; Canada's cercis+E. elongata;
(4) arbor+shrub: the cured No. 2+Chinese tamarisk in garden; Locust tree+Salt And Alkali Tolerance rose; Silk tree+hair core wood; Fragrant flower Chinese scholar tree+gold leaf common bluebeard.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in the step discrepancy in elevation of leveling land be no more than 5 ㎝.
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