CN103385089A - Seedling cultivation process for Nanfeng tangerines - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation process for Nanfeng tangerines Download PDFInfo
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- CN103385089A CN103385089A CN2013102508659A CN201310250865A CN103385089A CN 103385089 A CN103385089 A CN 103385089A CN 2013102508659 A CN2013102508659 A CN 2013102508659A CN 201310250865 A CN201310250865 A CN 201310250865A CN 103385089 A CN103385089 A CN 103385089A
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling cultivation process for Nanfeng tangerines, belonging to a technology for vegetative propagation of woody plants. In the planting process, a mother plant garden, a scion picking garden and a seedling cultivation garden are established, and rootstock cultivation, scion cultivation, grafting, field planting and other steps are completed in the three gardens. The planting process is simple and standardized, and standardized planting of grafted seedlings is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling raising process of woody plant, relate in particular to the seedling raising process of Nanfeng orange.
Background technology
Although Nanfeng orange exists huge industrial advantage and development potentiality, with respect to the market competition trend of fierceness and the requirement of sustainable development, still there are the following problems aspect stock breeding and standardized production.
1, improved variety degree is also not high, and breeding seedling-wood breeding system is not well established
Yet because breeding seedling-wood breeding process is longer, the seedling art of producing is difficult to meet fast-developing needs, in the recovery and evolution of accelerating Nanfeng orange, no matter which type of kind once occurring, the situation that has seedling just to plant, cause orchard in various degree have variet complexity, a very different phenomenon, directly affected the overall quality of Nanfeng orange.
2, the Nanfeng orange quality is on a declining curve
The one, due to the develop rapidly of Nanfeng orange cultivation in recent years, and the work of tangerine orange strain breeding is not caught up with, and cultivating seedlings lacks necessary supervision, many families of growing seedlings do not have pure good elite stand, disorderly adopt scion, cause that seedling quality is low, variet complexity, have a strong impact on the quality of Nanfeng orange.The 2nd, most Nanfeng orange is planted in soil depletion, poor, the organic red soil soil that lacks of water resource.The 3rd, due to Nanfeng orange develop rapidly in recent years, fertilising forms take chemical fertilizer as main, farmyard manure and uses deficiency.Therefore, improper fertilization, the particularly inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of tangerine agriculture are to affect the another large factor of Nanfeng orange quality.The 4th, sick worm harm is seriously also the reason that affects the Nanfeng orange quality in recent years, although agrotechnical department extensively carries out biological medication, Scientific Usage of Drugs in recent years, but because dispenser for many years is accustomed to and starts late, universal face is difficult to spread overwide areas for the moment, causes the Nanfeng orange quality to descend.
3, Nanfeng orange fruit standardization effort also is faced with many problem demanding prompt solutions
The one, the idea of standardization effort, measure are not in place under the new situation.Orange in Nanfeng County of Jiangxi Province quality climate, region and management of water equality many factors, fruit production concentrate on mainly that the 176Ge village does garden spot and the peasant household of family more than 4.3 ten thousand among, orchard worker's quality is lower, and is more not familiar to standard.Present fruit circulation is in freely the disordered state of transporting goods for sale, see that goods is determined the price basically.Running into picture historical rare drought injury in 2003, the large matter of fruit amount time and in unsalable situation, except a small amount of high quality fruit outlet, 60% above fruit does not utilize standard to improve quality.The 2nd, the Nanfeng orange standardization effort cannot keep up with the changing situation.Along with the Nanfeng orange fruit squeezes into the international market, find a good sale in the countries and regions such as Southeast Asia, Canada, Russia, exported first again the continuous expansion of European Union in 2006, both parties are also in explanation and the support of the technology of seeking and relevant criterion.But because the fruit standard lags behind science and technology and market development in many aspects, the new elite plant (being), the new technology that even have appear on the market the several years, but still can not get reaction and embody in standard, more having caused disconnection and the confusion in standardization effort and market.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of seedling raising process of Nanfeng orange, having solved in prior art Nanfeng orange can not standardized planting, the problem that quality can't be protected.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of seedling raising process of Nanfeng orange is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Cultivate stock,
select Zhi Shu as stock, the Fructus Aurantii seed is to spend the seed of rear 110-120 days, seed is installed and is placed in 50-52 ℃ of hot water preheating drop into 55 ± 0.5 ℃ immediately after 5-6 minute thermostatted water and soaks, to stir during immersion, take out spreading for cooling after 50 minutes, blot after water and put into the 700 medical streptomycin solutions of units and stir to pull out in 3 minutes and drain the water when epidermis turns white or with toilet paper, be put in again after kind of skin turns white in 0.1% liquor natrii hypochloritis and stir after 3 minutes, repeatedly rinse 4-5 time with clear water, drain the water and wait to broadcast, tender seed of sowing time for mid-August and 9 months then at the beginning of,
Cultivate the fringe bar,
Select the Nanfeng orange branch as the fringe bar,
Grafting,
When the height of seedling of stock more than 15cm, stem slightly transplants when 0.15cm is above, transplant after 20 days, execute thin rich water, repeated once in 10 days at interval, cut out the fringe bar from the branch of Nanfeng orange, include at least two buds on described fringe bar, cut out the first peltate otch of 1-2cm at the sunny slope of stock, the inclination angle of described the first peltate otch is 30 °-40 °; Cut out the second peltate otch on the branch of scion, described the second peltate otch is arranged on the lower end of bud; Described the first peltate otch is corresponding with described the second peltate otch; The first peltate otch of the second peltate otch of scion and stock is joined, in junction, with plastic tape, wrap up;
Field planting,
10-20 days after grafting, after growing tender shoots in scion, cut the caulody of stock, unties plastic tape.
Further, described Zhi Shu also includes the trifoliate orange branch.
Further, the temperature that described grafting process is suitable is 16 ℃-22 ℃.
Further, the length of described scion is 10-15cm.
Further, the diameter of described scion is 1-2cm.
The invention provides the seedling raising process of Nanfeng orange, realized the standardized planting of grafting seed.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the seedling raising process of Nanfeng orange of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of seedling raising process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
S101: select Zhi Shu as stock, the Fructus Aurantii seed is to spend the seed of rear 110 days, seed is installed and is placed in 50 ℃ of hot water preheatings drop into 55.5 ℃ immediately after 5 minutes thermostatted water and soaks, to stir during immersion, take out spreading for cooling after 50 minutes, blot after water and put into the 700 medical streptomycin solutions of units and stir to pull out in 3 minutes and drain the water when epidermis turns white or with toilet paper, be put in again after kind of skin turns white in 0.1% liquor natrii hypochloritis and stir after 3 minutes, repeatedly rinse 4 times with clear water, drain the water and wait to broadcast.
S102: tender seed of sowing time is mid-August then.
S103: select the Nanfeng orange branch as the fringe bar.
S104: when the height of seedling of stock more than 15cm, stem slightly transplants when 0.15cm is above, transplant after 20 days, executes thin rich water, repeated once in 10 days at interval.
S105: cut out the fringe bar from the branch of Nanfeng orange, include at least two buds on described fringe bar, the length of described scion is that the diameter of 10cm, described scion is 1cm.
S106: controlling the grafting temperature is 16 ℃, cuts out the first peltate otch of 1cm at the sunny slope of stock, and the inclination angle of described the first peltate otch is 30 °; Cut out the second peltate otch on the branch of scion, described the second peltate otch is arranged on the lower end of bud; Described the first peltate otch is corresponding with described the second peltate otch; The first peltate otch of the second peltate otch of scion and stock is joined, in junction, with plastic tape, wrap up.
S107: after grafting 10 days, after growing tender shoots in scion, cut the caulody of stock, untie plastic tape.
Embodiment two
S201: select Zhi Shu as stock, the Fructus Aurantii seed is to spend the seed of rear 120 days, seed is installed and is placed in 52 ℃ of hot water preheatings drop into 54.5 ℃ immediately after 5-6 minute thermostatted water and soaks, to stir during immersion, take out spreading for cooling after 50 minutes, blot after water and put into the 700 medical streptomycin solutions of units and stir to pull out in 3 minutes and drain the water when epidermis turns white or with toilet paper, be put in again after kind of skin turns white in 0.1% liquor natrii hypochloritis and stir after 3 minutes, repeatedly rinse 5 times with clear water, drain the water and wait to broadcast.
S202: tender seed of sowing time is at the beginning of 9 months then.
S203: select the Nanfeng orange branch as the fringe bar.
S204: when the height of seedling of stock more than 15cm, stem slightly transplants when 0.15cm is above, transplant after 20 days, executes thin rich water, repeated once in 10 days at interval.
S205: cut out the fringe bar from the branch of Nanfeng orange, include at least two buds on described fringe bar, the length of described scion is that the diameter of 15cm, described scion is 2cm.
S206: controlling the grafting temperature is 22 ℃, cuts out the first peltate otch of 2cm at the sunny slope of stock, and the inclination angle of described the first peltate otch is 40 °; Cut out the second peltate otch on the branch of scion, described the second peltate otch is arranged on the lower end of bud; Described the first peltate otch is corresponding with described the second peltate otch; The first peltate otch of the second peltate otch of scion and stock is joined, in junction, with plastic tape, wrap up.
S207: after grafting 20 days, after growing tender shoots in scion, cut the caulody of stock, untie plastic tape.
In order more clearly to explain the plantation technique of this Nanfeng orange of the present invention, other related process contents of following discloses.
Environment
16 ℃-22 ℃ of weather conditions year-round average temperatures, absolute minimum temperature 〉=-7 ℃, 1 monthly mean temperature 〉=4 ℃, year accumulated temperature of 〉=10 ℃ is more than 5000 ℃.The soil texture is good, and the content of organic matter is more than 1.5%, and active soil stratum is more than 40cm, below subterranean water level 1m.
The construction in maternal plant garden ,Cai Sui garden and the garden of growing seedlings
Levelling of the land, road layout, ditch is open-minded.The booth orientation is with south-north direction 10 ° of installations by east, and the north physical features is a little more than physical features in the south; Between booth and booth, interval is 3 meters, and booth specification wide 8 meters long is determined by landform, and material is the steelframe shed, and outer cover 200 order fly nets are added a cover light transmittance winter and are 75% nothing and drip film, add a cover sunshade net summer.The framework seedbed is built paddy field and is held wide 40cm successfully, and dark 40cm encloses ditch and Yao Gou; Railway carriage or compartment is opened by gradient trend in ground, gentle slope; Railway carriage or compartment is wide 1.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 40cm, and length is advisable with 50 meters.Permanent seedbed cement frame, the L-shaped making of prefabricated component, L shaped hem width, height 20cm * 20cm, long 50cm, thick 2cm.Provisional plank framework specification is identical with cement prefab, and plank external application timber is fixed plank.Every mu of land for growing field crops construction of nursery garden is executed high-quality fertilizer 2000kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 75kg, cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake fertilizer 150kg.Above base manure applies while in conjunction with nursery, deep ploughing, deep ploughing degree of depth 30cm, and dark 40cm is held in land for growing field crops successfully, and wide 40cm encloses ditch and Yao Gou, and is wide 1.2 meters by railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 40cm, length is determined construction by landform.Isolating and protecting nursery surrounding, add the wire netting sealing with concrete stake.The permanent booth of equipment of sprinkler irrigation adopts the outstanding spray system of Israel, open country is grown seedlings and can be made sprinkling irrigation by oneself, its method: in the railway carriage or compartment ditch in the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house of nursery along the railway carriage or compartment direction arrange a row high 1 meter, above the yoke of beam side, 3cm specification plastic flexible pipe is fixed on flitch, when water pipe pressurizes, prick as required hole for water spraying with orientation angles on water pipe, can meet the irrigation of wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house nursery stock and get final product.Fly net, sunshade net arrange open country and grow seedlings and generally take the plane frame, 2 meters of concrete stake height, and 3.8 meters of line-spacings, 5 meters of pilespacings, frame plane iron wire are 1.5 meters * 1.5 meters.Arrange as required high 1.9 meters, the buckle closure when cleaning door of wide 1.5 meters, fly net are generally cut anvil after grafting.
Zhi Shu grows seedlings
The Fructus Aurantii seed should adopt tender seed sowing, namely spends rear 110-120 days, and tender seed is namely got and namely broadcast in order to avoid affect germination rate.Remote allocation and transportation seed,, for preventing seed wet going mouldy and desiccation excessively, should mix ash wood according to actual conditions with seed or mix a small amount of cleaning river sand packed and transported, and is not salable or fill to obtain tension during vanning.Flat seed is rejected in seed selection, the kind skin breaks and other injured seed.At first with iron net or gauze bag, seed is installed and is placed in 50-52 ℃ of hot water preheating drop into 55 ± 0.5 ℃ immediately after 5-6 minute thermostatted water and soaks, will stir during immersion, allow its thermally equivalent, take out spreading for cooling after 50 minutes.Blot after water and put into the 700 medical streptomycin solutions of units and stir to pull out in 3 minutes and drain the water when epidermis turns white or with toilet paper.Be put in again after kind of skin turns white in 0.1% liquor natrii hypochloritis and stir after 3 minutes, repeatedly rinse 4-5 time with clear water immediately, drain the water and wait to broadcast.The unsuitable hot water treatment of the tender seed sterilization of Fructus Aurantii, use streptomycin, clorox sterilizing operation program to get final product.Tender seed of sowing time for mid-August and 9 months then at the beginning of.Old seed is at the beginning of 12 months then, early Febuary in the coming year.The type of seeding seedbed is wide 1.4 meters, cover soil underlayer thickness 15cm, take off flat with plank, and compacting gently, every mu of seeding quantity 50kg, in time cover a Nutrition Soil 3cm after finishing kind, and water immediately and make Nutrition Soil fully drenched, with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, the railway carriage or compartment face is sprayed and carried out soil disinfection after 2 hours.
The management of rootstock seedling
Existing Bai Shiying in time waters when the Nutrition Soil top layer.When daily temperature is down to 22 ℃, i.e. epiphragma insulation; During greater than 30 ℃, namely lift the film cooling when temperature in the shed.When emerging number while reaching 1/3, select the pesticide control damping off of suiting the medicine to the illness, at interval of 5-7 days once, connect anti-three times.Treat Miao Qihou, dial except thin and delicate seedling, Albino Seedling, cortex etiolated seedling, the crooked seedling of collar section.Germinate before transplanting mid-May from stock, each month fertilising 2-3 time,, alternately topdress as master, composite fertilizer as auxiliary take urea, each every mu of 10kg-15kg, and the rainy day spreads fertilizer over the fields after the blade rainwater is done; Fine day spreads fertilizer over the fields during 4-5 in the afternoon, water spray immediately after executing.
Grafting
The grafting part grafting height is from ground more than 7cm, more than stock grafting mouth rugosity reaches 0.5cm.Scion must be from confirming and the collection of Quarantine on production site De Caisui garden through agriculture authorities above county level.Introduce scion from other places, except be strict with kind pure, can introduce after also must obtaining " phytosanilary certificate ".Adopt scion and should choose the annual vegetative shoot of abundant maturation, stalwartness in the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown, every scion grafting fringe should possess effective bud more than 5.The Bian Caibian grafting is answered in scion.Connect 1000 units per ml quadracycline liquid immersion 2 hours is put in scion, clear water rinses, the airing surface moisture.The mixed liquor of scion being put into 700 units per ml streptomycin sulphates and 1% ethanol soaked 30 minutes, and clear water rinses, the airing surface moisture.2% sodium hydroxide+2% formalin or 2% liquor natrii hypochloritis are put in scion, soaked 1 minute, repeatedly rinse with clear water immediately, airing surface moisture content.By the special messenger, scion is carried out disinfection and the scion granting.
The management of grafting
The nursery stock that autumn connects is being cut anvil to mid-March by the end of February, cuts the anvil requirement and sentences 45° angle from scion eye top 0.5cm and tiltedly cut; Flash is the eye top, with grafting knife, in the corresponding position of scion eye, draws film.Could membrane removal when the nursery stock that the spring connects will wait summer shoot aging, the membrane removal when the tip is aging for the first time that the summer connects, the sprout tillers of rootstock seedling is smeared with the personal attendant, and while erasing, the most handy grafting knife eliminates from sprout tillers base portion eye.The long 3cm of its top bud left and right is treated in the processing of spring, summer shoot, the spring and summer tip, and in the time of differentiating quality, the sturdy and upright bud of selecting and remain makes to extend bud, all the other erase alls.The spring tip grows to 6-8 sheet leaf, and summer shoot grows to 40-50cm pinching.During the autumn growth rudiment, suitable with upper part 3-4 the adnation position of selecting and remain at its height of seedling 30cm, and sturdy bud head, make major branch and cultivate.The tip in late fall, the winter tip sprouted should in time be erased.Soil management is done seedbed with Nutrition Soil; Generally need not intertill, in conjunction with fertilising, the line-spacing topsoil be carried out suitably loose getting final product, the nursery stock weeds are removed with artificial, forbid to use the weed killer herbicide weeding.The fertile mu of rich water quality management spring tip vernalization is executed urea 12kg, and the fertile mu of the strong tip is executed dish cake zymotic fluid 800kg(cake water ratio 1:10 retting 20-30 days) add composite fertilizer's 12kg liquid and execute (forbidding chloride composite fertilizer).The fertile mu of summer shoot vernalization is executed urea 18kg, and the fertile mu of the strong tip is executed dish cake zymotic fluid 1000kg and added composite fertilizer's 18kg liquid and execute.The fertile mu of autumn growth vernalization is executed urea 18kg, and the fertile mu of the strong tip is executed dish cake zymotic fluid 800kg and added the compound solution of 15kg and execute.Vernalization fertilizer was executed in per season tip rudiment in front 20 days, and strong tip fertilizer is executed when the long 3cm of bud.Disposable fertilizer was executed in every about 7 days in the Nutrition Soil seedbed, generally sprayed water when topsoil turns white, and injection flow rate is too much unsuitable, prevent fertilizer loss.Summer high temperature will prevent that high temperature from burning, and once, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon, spray once in general spray at 10 o'clock in the morning.
Later stage grows seedlings
When cutting anvil, grafting adds a cover 200 order fly nets.Treat that the long 1cm master of spring tip bud prevents anthracnose, the double To Leaf-feeding Insects of controlling of shot hole.Control once every about 7 days.The anti-leaf miner of master when summer, the long 0.5cm of autumn growth bud, the windproof butterfly larva of holding concurrently, every control in 5 days once, during high temperature and drought, the anti-two spotted spider mite of master, prevent and treat secondary, interval 7-10 days continuously.In time grasp Changes in weather, before freeze injury weather arrives, remove fly net, sunshade net, nursery stock is filled with water of foot.Trend by the nursery stock railway carriage or compartment is made little arched shed support with bamboo chip, then covers the horticultural covering film insulation, and the film periphery is real with soil pressure.
Adopt this Nanfeng orange fresh fruit product of the present invention to meet following standard.
1. fruit specification: be divided into two packing grading scales according to fruit size, namely the fruit transverse diameter divided in the 30mm-5mm scope into S, two kinds of specifications of L.Greater than the fruit of 50mm with fall a credit rating less than the fruit of 30mm and treat, during vanning, fruit size can not surpass 10mm.Fruit sees the following form.
| The fruit specification | S | L |
| Fruit transverse diameter d/mm | 30≤d＜40 | 40≤d≤50 |
Each scale is divided into again top grade fruit, one-level fruit, secondary fruit Three Estate by credit rating.
2. credit rating
Be divided into top grade fruit, one-level fruit, secondary fruit.Fruits at different levels require complete fresh, the fruit face is clean, local flavor is pure.
3. organoleptic attribute
Fruit is oblate, and is orange-yellow or yellow, fruit top flat circle nick, and fruit transverse diameter 30mm-50mm, the pericarp thick flavor, skin is thin, few core or seedless, sweet and sour taste, meat is tender.
4. physical and chemical index
Physical and chemical index should meet table 6-4 requirement.
Table 6-4 physical and chemical index
| Project | Index |
| Edible rate/(%) 〉= | 70.0 |
| Soluble solid/(%) 〉= | 10.5 |
| Total acid (with citric acid juice)/(%)≤ | 1.0 |
5. sanitary index
Sanitary index meets 4.5 pertinent regulations in GB/T12947-1991.
Claims (5)
1. the seedling raising process of a Nanfeng orange is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Cultivate stock,
select Zhi Shu as stock, the Fructus Aurantii seed is to spend the seed of rear 110-120 days, seed is installed and is placed in 50-52 ℃ of hot water preheating drop into 55 ± 0.5 ℃ immediately after 5-6 minute thermostatted water and soaks, to stir during immersion, take out spreading for cooling after 50 minutes, blot after water and put into the 700 medical streptomycin solutions of units and stir to pull out in 3 minutes and drain the water when epidermis turns white or with toilet paper, be put in again after kind of skin turns white in 0.1% liquor natrii hypochloritis and stir after 3 minutes, repeatedly rinse 4-5 time with clear water, drain the water and wait to broadcast, tender seed of sowing time for mid-August and 9 months then at the beginning of,
Cultivate the fringe bar,
Select the Nanfeng orange branch as the fringe bar,
Grafting,
When the height of seedling of stock more than 15cm, stem slightly transplants when 0.15cm is above, transplant after 20 days, execute thin rich water, repeated once in 10 days at interval, cut out the fringe bar from the branch of Nanfeng orange, include at least two buds on described fringe bar, cut out the first peltate otch of 1-2cm at the sunny slope of stock, the inclination angle of described the first peltate otch is 30 °-40 °; Cut out the second peltate otch on the branch of scion, described the second peltate otch is arranged on the lower end of bud; Described the first peltate otch is corresponding with described the second peltate otch; The first peltate otch of the second peltate otch of scion and stock is joined, in junction, with plastic tape, wrap up;
Field planting,
10-20 days after grafting, after growing tender shoots in scion, cut the caulody of stock, unties plastic tape.
2. as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Zhi Shu also includes the trifoliate orange branch.
3. as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the temperature that described grafting process is suitable is 16 ℃-22 ℃.
4. as described in the claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that, the length of described scion is 10-15cm.
5. as described in the claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described scion is 1-2cm.
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| CN103975778A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-08-13 | 广东橘乡农业开发有限公司 | Method for grafting red orange seedlings |
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| CN104996259A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 吴伦忠 | Cultivation management method for Nanfeng tangerine oranges |
| CN105123243A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-09 | 熊柚姣 | Immature bitter orange planting method |
| CN105432393A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-30 | 丰都县楠竹柑桔股份合作社 | Citrus grafting seedling method |
| CN107047210A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-18 | 高必红 | A kind of prevention and controls of Citrus shatangju yellow twig |
| CN107455152A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of vine hard branch scion promotees to sprout the method for sterilization |
| CN107646460A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-02-02 | 乐山市柠香果农业开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of lemon tangerine |
| CN108605542A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-10-02 | 丹阳市香逸林果专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of tangerine orange |
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