CN103371058A - Improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology - Google Patents
Improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of cucurbitaceae and provides an improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology which is an improvement on the basis of long-period watermelon cultivation. The improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology adopts measures of close planting of earlier stage and thin planting of later stage and the like, improves total production of first batch of watermelon by 600-1200kg, enables total acre yield to reach 4600-6700kg, improves acre product value by 2000-3000 yuan and improves the acre product valve to 10000-13000 yuan. The first batch of watermelon is high in price when appearing on the market, the investment can be recouped by the first batch of watermelon, and benefit is obviously improved. The improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology solves the problem that the existing greenhouse watermelon production is high in input and output and high in risk, investment of general long-period watermelon cultivation can be recouped by two or three batches of watermelon, Zhejiang regions can be influenced by typhoon, plum rain and other disastrous weather with large rainfall in summer, strong wind and rainstorm are destructive for watermelon production, severe loss can be caused. The improved long-period greenhouse grafting watermelon cultivation technology can greatly reduce risk in planting watermelon and is popularized and used in Ningbo and other places.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Curcurbitaceae culture technique field, relate to the culture technique that Grafted Watermelon is produced, specifically a kind of Grafted Watermelon is gathered continuously, the technology that prolong watermelon picking time, improves the yield of watermelon, increases farmers' income.
Background technology
Watermelon is long at China's cultivation history, and it is wide to distribute, and supply time is long, is the main fruit in spring, summer, autumn, liked by the consumer, and wherein Zhejiang Province's area under cultivation in 2011 is 1,400,000 mu, is one of economic crops of Zhejiang Province's sowing area maximum.Therefore, the sound development direct relation of watermelon industry increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.In recent years, because the rapid expansion of melon crop facility cultivation area and improving constantly of cropping index, cause the rotation cycle to shorten, soil continuous cropping obstacle has the gesture that increases the weight of, and the soil-borne disease such as cucurbits fusarium wilt especially is owing to reasons such as continuous croppings, the trend that increases the weight of is year by year arranged, withered strain rate reaches 20～30%, and the full field of severe one is destroyed, and soil-borne disease has become a large obstacle that affects melon crop stable high yield.At present, the most effective approach of control watermelon soil-borne disease is grafting and root-changing.Zhejiang area melon grower in conjunction with rich water and the pruning technique of science, has set up greenhouse watermelon long season culture technique by using graft technology and booth technology.Receipts phase watermelon beginning early, collecting time is long, output is high, profitable characteristics, gathers since late April, can gather to 10～November always, gathers 4～6 batches.Per mu yield reaches 4000～5500 kilograms, 8000～10000 yuan of per mu yield values.But there is the problem high, that have a big risk that drops in greenhouse watermelon long season culture technique, watermelon need to be gathered 2～3 batches and just can be recouped capital outlay, because Zhejiang area is subject to the impact of the diastrous weathers such as typhoon, plum rain season Continuous heavy rain summer, production is destructive to watermelon for strong wind and heavy rain.Booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique is improved on watermelon long season culture technique basis, adopt the measures such as dense planting in early stage, later stage thin planting, first watermelon and gross yield improve 600～1200 kilograms, the mu gross yield can reach 4600～6700 kilograms, the per mu yield value improves 2000～3000 yuan, reach 10000～13000 yuan, price is high during first watermelon listing, generally gathering, first can be recouped capital outlay, economic benefit increases significantly, also greatly reduce the risk of planting greenhouse watermelon, apply on Ningbo and other places.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention
The present invention is that the present greenhouse watermelon production of solution has high input, output is high but also has the problem that has a big risk, general long season cultivation watermelon need to be gathered 2～3 batches and just can be recouped capital outlay, because Zhejiang area is subject to the impact of the diastrous weathers such as typhoon summer, production is destructive to watermelon for strong wind and heavy rain, if the plum rains time is long and rainfall is large, perhaps typhoon influence relatively early, will cause can't cost-recovering, loss is serious.We are research experiment on original watermelon long season cultivation basis, the technology of a kind of booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season cultivation is provided, use the output that this technology can improve first watermelon, greatly improved peasant's income, generally gathering, first just is recoverable to cost, even having a strong impact on also, plum rain season Continuous heavy rain and early stage typhoon can not cause very large loss, realize growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income, also for market provides sufficient watermelon, economic results in society are very obvious.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
(1) kind is selected
Variety of watermelon is selected academy of agricultural sciences, Xinjiang seed selection ' early good ' (84-24), graft stock variety adoption ' No. 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil ', ' No. 1, river in Zhejiang Province anvil ', ' No. 1, the glad anvil in capital ' and ' magic power ' etc.
(2) graft seedling growth
Select 32 holes or 50 holes dish to grow seedlings.Early December is played seeding and seedling raising.Adopt tip cutting connection or cleft graft, stock is than ahead of time sowing in about 7 days of scion, and stock one leaf wholeheartedly time the, scion turn green and get final product grafting.Temperature is low between grafting time, needs to be equipped with the warming-up devices such as heating wire.Front 3 days airtight seedbeds after the grafting keep 25 ℃ of temperature, humidity more than 95%, and illumination strongly also need be sheltered from heat or light.Begin aeration-coolingly on a small quantity after 3 days, increase gradually ventilation and ventilation time.After grafting survives (after the grafting 7～10 days) can manage by own-rooted tree.Field planting beginning in front 5～7 days hardening, hardening looks seedling and weather condition is grasped flexibly, and refine or do not refine strong sprout less, fine hardening, hardening intensity should increase gradually.But grafting in early spring seedling age field planting about 35～40 days.
(3) wholely, basal dressing, bedding
The preceding crop rear cleaning plant residue of gathering, the soil is ploughed deeply once, and the vexed canopy 20～30 days of pouring water can be killed the sick worm of part and flush away salinity in the soil, discharges water, dries.Because the grafting root system is comparatively flourishing, fertilizer sucting ability is strong than own-rooted tree, and the base manure consumption is than own-rooted tree few 30%.Decomposed manure 750-1000 kilogram is spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of front 20 days of field planting, front 15 days of field planting, and mu is executed 50 kilograms in the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 25 kilograms of superphosphate.General 5.5 meters bamboo booths are made two furrow, and 8 meters booths are made three furrow, 20～30 centimetres of furrow widths, dark 20 centimetres.Zanjon more than 30 centimetres is opened on the booth limit in the plot that subterranean water level is higher, can reduce soil moisture content.The furrow face of raking is laid dropper apart from field planting position 30 centimeters, conveniently pours water and applies fertilizer, and is covered with mulch film.
(4) field planting
Late January or early and middle ten days field planting in February require in soil temperature and the canopy temperature more than 10 ℃, select 3～4 of true leaves, blade complete, and interface heals, and cane sturdy strong sprout without damage by disease and insect, reject weak seedling, sick seedling.The 1st batch of dense planting, later stage thin planting are adopted in the cultivation of Grafted Watermelon improvement long season, every mu of field planting 500～600 strains, and about the wide 2.5m of furrow, plant in the centre, spacing in the rows 0.45～0.55m.Cultivation with climbing.Be colonizated in furrow face one side 1/3 place, water root with transplanting 1500 times of liquid of spirit after the field planting, also available 300 times of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 500 times of carbendazim or Pu Like mixed liquor water root.Field planting hole is sealed real with Nutrition Soil or matrix after watering root.Cover little shed after the field planting.But as taking middle canopy between consecutive low temperature wet weather booth and little shed, to improve heat insulation effect.
(5) field management
1, seedling-slowing stage management
Take insulation as main, the interior temperature of little shed can be opened lee face above 30 ℃ and suitably lower the temperature after transplanting.Also behind the seedling.Plant and checked that the melon seedling survived situation in rear 3 days, dead seedling occurs, reseed immediately.Find the wilting seedling, 300 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 250 times of urea mixed solution 500ml are watered in fine every strain in afternoon.Stiff seedling occurs, and waters melon seedling or foliage-spray with 300 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions.The stock of grafting rudiment occurs and should in time extract.
2, stretch climing period management
Daytime, temperature of shed was more than 20 ℃, can throw off middle canopy, hut film.The canopy temperature surpasses 30 ℃, can open booth lee face door or the canopy film hydrofuge of lowering the temperature, should progressively lower the temperature, and the excessive too fast sudden strain of a muscle seedling that causes that prevents from lowering the temperature that can not ventilate, the canopy temperature is lower than 30 ℃ and closes.Cloudy day and night keep canopy temperature at interior night more than 13 ℃ still take insulation as main.
Saw the seedling fertilising in 20 days after the field planting, the leaf look dark green, do not apply fertilizer; Leaf look pale green is executed fertilizer 1 time, and every mu is watered with 5 kilograms of composite fertilizers and waters strain.Bearing fruit, front plant strain growth is vigorous, the leaf look dark green, does not apply fertilizer.Otherwise, in female flower suitably fertilising in open front 7 days, execute 5 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for every mu.This phase, the rainy day is many, waters less.
Watermelon is stretched and should in time be pruned after climing, and grafting growing way in early stage is strong, and lateral bine is many, begins training about main climing 40cm, stays strongly a little less than going, and it is climing that every strain keeps 2 sturdy sons.Training wants gradation to carry out, in order to avoid hinder root, every training in 3-4 days 1 time, each whole 1-2 lateral bine is not pruned after bearing fruit.
3, fruiting period management
Day temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, is not less than 15 ℃ night, otherwise it is bad to bear fruit.Select that the plant growing way is good, ovary development is normal, main, the 2nd (about 13 joints) female flower of lateral bine pollinated, and carry out artificial pollination during 7-9 morning, and the cloudy day suitably postpones, the mark pollination date after the artificial pollination.Ban use of early spring the spirit of bearing fruit to wait the steroids product when low temperature is without pollen, row pollination during the pollen of available seed water melon.Grafted Watermelon is easily beared fruit, and the 1st batch of melon is too much, the root melon is prone to lopsided melon, when requiring young melon egg size, and 1 in the normal young melon selected and remain.Execute swelling melon fertilizer 1 time during children's melon egg size, execute 15 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulphates for every mu, see later on again plants expand fertilizer of seedling, consumption is with the 1st time.Gather front 15 days can not fertilizing, watering.
4, results management repeatedly
After the 1st batch of melon gathered, dialled except a strain at the interval, density be reduced to original half, increase the Grafted Watermelon Seedlings growing space, growing way is stable.Before a collection of melon a collection of melon that rushes to sit down, execute first 1 plant and recover fertile, gradation is whole go 1～2 old climing, weak climing, stay again 1～2 new climing conduct to bear fruit climing.Plant recovers fertile every mu and executes 10 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulphates.After plant recovers again pollination bear fruit, execute 1 time swelling melon fertilizer when young melon egg is large, execute again 10 kilograms of every mu of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 5 kilograms of potassium sulphates after 7 days 1 time.Whenever adopt later on a melon and execute fertilizer 1 time, and then bear fruit.Every strain is sat 2 after the 2nd batch of melon, sees that afterwards seedling bears fruit.Temperature is high, xeothermic can watering in right amount.Fertilising, water general by dropper, can not flood irrigation, pour water and should carry out in the morning, forbid after bearing fruit pouring water afternoon in order to avoid damage root system.
5, more manage during the summer
The Grafted Watermelon warm tolerance more will be kept a close eye on temperature of shed during the summer not as good as the own-rooted tree watermelon.Temperature raises gradually behind the 2nd crowd of melon result, answers two to ventilate when temperature surpasses 30 ℃, and temperature surpasses 35 ℃, should open in the booth both sides fenestella heat radiation.But covered with sunshade net or smear mud cooling at the canopy film during the summer high temperature.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest
Seedling stage is take damping off, powdery mildew as main.Damping off is disliked 500 times of liquid of white MnZn with 64%, and powdery mildew is prevented and treated with 1500 times of liquid of 4% tetraconazole.The field Major Diseases is powdery mildew, epidemic disease, virus disease, climing rot, anthracnose, fruit blotch, and insect pest has aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci.Powdery mildew is with 1500 times of liquid of 4% tetraconazole, epidemic disease is disliked 500 times of liquid of white MnZn with 64%, climing 800～1000 times of liquid of rot 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder or tpn and the mixing of thiophanate-methyl wetting powder add a small amount of water pulp and are coated with the disease place, virus disease is with 500 times of liquid of 20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride copper, anthracnose is with 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% Difenoconazole, and fruit blotch is with 47% kasugarnycin+600～800 times of liquid of Cupravit.Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci are prevented and treated with 4000～6000 times of liquid of 10% Imidacloprid.
(7) gather
Zhejiang area long season cultivation watermelon generally in late April the 1st batch of melon that begin to gather, is bloomed and was gathered in rear about 40 days, gathers in 28～32 days after watermelon is spent after the second batch.The Grafted Watermelon physical maturity melon of must gathering, 9 maturations are gathered.Ripe Grafted Watermelon areola depression, the carpopodium fine hair comes off sparse, fruit face light, clear-cut texture is patted clear and melodious echo.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
Booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique is improved on watermelon long season culture technique basis, adopt the measures such as dense planting in early stage, later stage thin planting, first watermelon and gross yield improve 600～1200 kilograms, the mu gross yield can reach 4800～6700 kilograms, the per mu yield value improves 2000～3000 yuan, reaches 10000～13000 yuan, has realized the agricultural produce increasing peasant income, economic and social benefits are obvious, apply on Ningbo and other places.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with instantiation.
With the be applied as example of 2010-2011 at Ningbo area, application result is as follows:
Booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique tested and demonstrate in 2010 and 2011, demonstration pilot project is located at Agricultural High-tech experiment garden, Ningbo City, the Grafted Watermelon scion is that the Zhejiang area master plants variety of watermelon ' early good ' (8424), stock is ' No. 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil ', every mu of field planting of booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique 500 strains, take the common long season culture technique of booth Grafted Watermelon as every mu of field planting 250 strains of contrast, other cultivation management term harmonizations.
Demonstration pilot project did not have serious diastrous weather in 2010.By table 1 result as seen, booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season cultivation mu gross yield is 4874 kilograms, 11344.6 yuan of the mu gross output values, and cost per mu adds up to 6320 yuan, and every mu of profit is 5024.6; The common long season culture technique of contrast booth Grafted Watermelon mu gross yield is 4062 kilograms, and the mu total value is 8375.2 yuan, and cost per mu adds up to 5740, and every mu of profit is 2635.2.Adopt every mu of Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique to contrast 812 kilograms of volume increase, the output value increases by 2969.4 yuan, and profit increases by 2389.4 yuan.
Table 1, booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique demonstration benefit table in 2010
Demonstration pilot project plum rain season in June continuous rainfall in 2011, June 5,14 and 19 days heavy showers in three days is flooded demonstration ground and can't be carried on watermelon production.By table 2 result as seen, booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season cultivation mu gross yield is 2704 kilograms, 8244 yuan of the mu gross output values, and cost per mu adds up to 5490 yuan, and every mu of profit is 2754; The common long season culture technique of contrast booth Grafted Watermelon mu gross yield is 2220 kilograms, and the mu total value is 5872 yuan, and cost per mu adds up to 5050, and every mu of profit is 822 yuan.Adopt every mu of Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique to contrast 584 kilograms of volume increase, the output value increases by 2372 yuan, and profit increases by 1932 yuan.
Table 2, booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique demonstration benefit table in 2011
The booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique per mu yield of using at Ningbo City's Agricultural High-tech experiment garden demonstration pilot project in 2010～2011 on average contrast increase by 698 kilograms, the output value and on average increase by 2670.7 yuan, profit and increase by 2160.7 yuan, use booth Grafted Watermelon improvement long season culture technique, increase production and improve productivity significantly, economic and social benefits are obvious.Rose in 2011 this is demonstrated and promotes, using area at Ningbo area progressively increases.
Claims (1)
1. new greenhouse watermelon culture technique, it is characterized in that improving on the watermelon long season culture technique basis, adopt the measures such as dense planting in early stage, later stage thin planting, first watermelon and gross yield improve 600～1200 kilograms, and the mu gross yield can reach 4600～6700 kilograms, and the per mu yield value improves 2000～3000 yuan, reach 10000～13000 yuan, price is high during first watermelon listing, and head batch melon can be recouped capital outlay, and benefit increases significantly.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107821045A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-23 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method of grafting mini watermelon |
| CN112616583A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽金敦福农业科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons |
-
2012
- 2012-04-20 CN CN2012101316178A patent/CN103371058A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107821045A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-23 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method of grafting mini watermelon |
| CN112616583A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽金敦福农业科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons |
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Application publication date: 20131030 |