CN112616583A - Method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons - Google Patents

Method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons Download PDF

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CN112616583A
CN112616583A CN202011465537.7A CN202011465537A CN112616583A CN 112616583 A CN112616583 A CN 112616583A CN 202011465537 A CN202011465537 A CN 202011465537A CN 112616583 A CN112616583 A CN 112616583A
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treatment
pesticide composition
plant source
watermelon
copper
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邓大鹏
陈栋
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Anhui Jindunfu Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Jindunfu Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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    • A01N59/20—Copper

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons, which relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of watermelon diseases, and comprises the following steps: (1) first treatment: after disease spots are found in the seedling stage or middle and later stages of the swelling of the watermelon, the foliage is sprayed with the plant source pesticide composition and the bactericide; (2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of the first treatment, spraying the plant source pesticide composition on the leaf surfaces; the botanical pesticide composition comprises thymol, carvacrol and menthol, wherein the mass ratio of the thymol to the carvacrol to the menthol is 8-20:4-12: 1-2. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the plant source pesticide composition as the core, is mixed or combined with the bactericide, can dry the disease spot within 24 hours after the use in the seedling stage or the middle and later stage of the swelling of the watermelon, reduces the microenvironment humidity of the leaf surface and the fruit surface, and quickly blocks the propagation of pathogenic bacteria and the prevalence of diseases.

Description

Method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of watermelon diseases, in particular to a method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons.
Background
The bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon (watermelon fruit blotch for short) is also called fruit blotch, disease of yin skin and fruit rot, and the specific classification of pathogenic bacteria as bacteria is controversial. The disease can be spread along with the seedlings at an ultra-long distance, once the disease occurs in the field, the epidemic speed is high, and great and even destructive loss can be caused to melon farmers.
The symptoms of watermelon fruit blotch are: in the early stage of disease development, small water-soaked spots appear on the surface of the watermelon fruit, and then develop rapidly, and become large irregular water-soaked spots and develop inwards. The disease spots generally occur on the upper surface of the fruit, the fruit surface cracks in the later period, and the inner pulp decays along with the further development of the disease. The watermelon fruit blotch is characterized in that: the seeds carry bacteria, the disease can be developed in the seedling stage, and the melon is easy to burst and extremely lost in the middle and later stages of the melon puffing.
The technical scheme for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch at present comprises the following steps: 1. preventing. Since the pathogenic bacteria are mainly propagated through the seed carrying bacteria in an ultra-long distance, a preventive method for seed soaking disinfection by using a medicament is developed, and a related seed disinfectant and a using method are screened as disclosed in patent publication No. CN 103392727A. The patent with publication number CN104272903A discloses a watermelon seed disinfection technology for controlling bacterial fruit blotch and application thereof, CuSO is adopted4The aqueous solution sterilizes the seeds. The seed soaking disinfection method can obviously reduce the bacteria carrying quantity of seeds, but can not completely kill germs, and diseases still occur after seedling culture and transplantation. The key point is that the melon grower basically purchases the seedling and can not intervene the seed treatment in the seedling stage. While the people or enterprises raising the seedlings are based on cost consideration and fruit blotchThe generation is less in the seedling stage, so the disinfection treatment is less, the fruit blotch is generated from the late stage of fruit expansion after the seedling purchase and transplantation of the melon grower, and the great loss is caused.
2. And (6) treating. In production, melon farmers commonly adopt chemical bactericides to treat the melon seeds in seedling stage or early stage of disease after transplantation. These agents include copper preparations such as copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, thiediazole copper, oxine copper, copper succinate, antibiotic bactericides such as zhongshengmycin, tetramycin, streptomycin, kasugamycin, and broad-spectrum disinfectants such as chlorobromoisocyanuric acid. For example, patent application with publication number CN102986487A discloses a method for preventing and treating watermelon fruit blotch, and the adopted medicine is 500-600 times of 2% kasugamycin aqueous solution or 500 times of 20% copper abietate emulsifiable solution. The specific scheme is that the chemical bactericides are mixed and/or combined, the chemical bactericides are continuously used for multiple times according to the disease development, if the chemical bactericides are used according to the normal recommended dose of the chemical bactericides, the actual field control effect is very low and is only 30-60 percent, so that high dose (2-3 times of the recommended dose of a pesticide registration label) and frequent (4-7 times of continuous use) of the chemical bactericides are caused, copper ion phytotoxicity (the watermelon seedling stage and the young fruit stage are more sensitive to copper ions) often occurs, the pesticide residue risk is increased, and the damage to the ecological environment is caused.
Therefore, the prior art method for preventing and treating the spot disease of the melons and the fruits has the following defects: the seed soaking treatment can not completely eliminate germs, bacteria adopt a division propagation mode, and few germs can cause fruit blotch to erupt in a short time as long as conditions are proper; after a field is diseased, the existing chemical bactericide prevention and control scheme has poor treatment effect, cannot effectively control the disease prevalence, and still causes great loss to farmers as a result; meanwhile, the existing chemical prevention and control scheme has large risk of phytotoxicity, food safety risk, ecological environment risk and drug resistance risk of pathogenic bacteria. The high humidity microenvironment is a prerequisite for the occurrence of fruit blotch. The pathogenic bacteria of fruit blotch, whether propagating or infesting, require high humidity conditions. After the fruit blotch occurs, frequent leaf surface spraying can also lead to the increase of the humidity of leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces, and when pathogenic bacteria are killed, a high-humidity environment is provided for the rapid propagation of the residual pathogenic bacteria.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the seed soaking treatment in the method for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch can not completely eliminate germs, can not avoid the occurrence of diseases after field transplantation, and can not avoid the greater risk of phytotoxicity, food safety risk, ecological environment risk and germ drug resistance risk caused by the frequent use of high dose of chemical bactericides after occurrence.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: immediately spraying the plant source pesticide composition and the bactericide A on the leaf surfaces after the disease spots are found in the seedling stage or the middle and later stage of the swelling of the watermelon;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of the first treatment, spraying the plant source pesticide composition on the leaf surfaces;
the plant source pesticide composition comprises thymol, carvacrol and menthol, wherein the mass ratio of the thymol to the carvacrol to the menthol is 8-20:4-12: 1-2; the bactericide A comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
Has the advantages that: the invention adopts the plant source pesticide composition as the core, is mixed or combined with the bactericide, and in the seedling stage or the middle and later stage of melon expansion, the disease spot is dried up within 24 hours after the use, the humidity of the leaf surface and the fruit surface is reduced, and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria and the disease prevalence are quickly blocked. By adopting the control method, the control effect is obviously superior to that of the single use of the plant source pesticide composition and the single use of the bactericide, the disease outbreak can be controlled, the economic loss of farmers is reduced, the use dosage and the use times of the chemical bactericide are reduced, the phytotoxicity of a copper preparation to the watermelon is avoided, and the labor cost, the phytotoxicity risk and the food safety risk are reduced.
The invention adopts the plant source bactericidal activity product with the volatile activity as the core, and the plant source bactericidal activity product is mixed or used with the traditional bactericide, has obvious synergistic action, can also accelerate the volatilization of the moisture of leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces, reduce the humidity of microenvironment and prevent the rapid propagation and infection of pathogenic bacteria.
The action mechanism comprises:
(1) the antibacterial agent has excellent physical solubility, can dissolve germ cell walls, enables cell sap to seep outwards, can also damage germ spore shells and reduces the spore germination rate;
(2) the cell membrane structure is damaged, the membrane transport channel is blocked, the cell metabolism disorder of pathogenic bacteria is caused, and the mechanism can obviously promote the effect of other bactericides;
(3) has strong volatility, and can rapidly reduce the humidity of the microenvironment on the surface of the plant, thereby preventing the germination, propagation and infection of pathogenic bacteria spores.
Aiming at the characteristics of rapid division and propagation of bacteria, the invention establishes a strict use rule, rapidly and accurately blocks the division and propagation process of pathogenic bacteria through the first treatment and the second treatment at intervals of 2-3 days, and efficiently and rapidly reduces the base number of pathogenic bacteria, thereby controlling the occurrence and prevalence of fruit blotch.
Preferably, the method further comprises a third treatment: and after 5-7 days of second treatment, spraying the plant source pesticide composition and a bactericide B on the leaf surface, wherein the bactericide B comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
The first and third mixed fungicides in the above steps may be different.
Preferably, when the disease is severe in rainy weather or watermelon fruit blotch, the fourth treatment is carried out: after the third treatment for 5-7 days, spraying a plant source pesticide composition and a bactericide C on the leaf surface, wherein the bactericide C comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
The first, third and fourth application of the antimicrobial agents in the above steps may be different.
Preferably, the dosage of the botanical pesticide composition used in the first treatment is 50-66 mL/acre, and the dosage of the mixed bactericide is within the recommended application range of the pesticide registration label.
Preferably, the dosage of the plant-derived pesticide composition used in the second treatment is 66-100 mL/acre.
Preferably, the dosage of the plant source pesticide composition used in the third treatment is 50-66 mL/mu, and the dosage of the mixed bactericide is the dosage within the recommended use range of the pesticide registration label.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 40-60 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 40-60 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
Has the advantages that: the treatment effect of the plant source pesticide composition and 46% copper hydroxide after combined or mixed use is obviously better than the treatment effect of the plant source pesticide composition or 46% copper hydroxide alone, and leaves are not damaged.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60-80 g/mu of 50% Chunlei copper oxychloride are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 60-80 g/mu of 50% Chunlei copper oxychloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiabendazole copper 100 are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiabendazole-copper 100 are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 50-60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 50-60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 80-110 mL/mu of 3% zhongshengmycin are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 80-110 mL/mu of 3% Zhongshengmycin are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
Preferably, the method for controlling the bacterial fruit blotch of the watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 50-70 mL/mu of 40% oxine-copper are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the amount of sprayed pesticide per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 50-70 mL/mu of 40% oxine-copper are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts the plant source pesticide composition as the core, is mixed or combined with the bactericide, can dry the disease spot within 24 hours after being used in the seedling stage or the middle and later stage of melon expansion, simultaneously reduces the microenvironment humidity of the leaf surface and the fruit surface, and quickly blocks the propagation of pathogenic bacteria and the disease prevalence.
By adopting the control method, due to the synergistic effect of mixing and combination, the control effect on the watermelon fruit blotch is obviously better than that of the botanical pesticide composition and the bactericide, the phytotoxicity of the copper preparation on watermelon seedlings is avoided, the use dosage and use times of the chemical bactericide are reduced, and the labor cost, phytotoxicity risk and food safety risk are reduced.
The treatment effect of the plant source pesticide composition and 46% copper hydroxide after being mixed and combined is obviously superior to the treatment effect of the plant source pesticide composition or 46% copper hydroxide alone, and the watermelon leaves are not damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the lesion spots of diseased melon on the day of the first treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the lesion of a disease melon 24h after the first treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows lesion spots of diseased melon 3 days after the first treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows lesion spots of diseased melon 3 days after the first treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing complete drying of lesion on a diseased melon treated 3 days after the second treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing complete drying of lesion on a diseased melon treated 3 days after the second treatment in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification.
Example 1
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: west web village, Linhai City, Liaoning province; cultivation mode and area: buying seedlings and transplanting in open field, 1 mu of land; treatment and observation: the fruit blotch is already developed, and the treatment is carried out for 2 times; to facilitate comparison of drug effects, 5 diseased melons were marked to observe the drug effects at fixed points. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 8:4: 1.
(1) The first treatment started on day 8, 7/2020: spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 66 g/mu of 50% Chunlei copper oxychloride on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45 liters; the quick-acting property is observed 24 hours after the medicine is applied; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 50% of chunlei and copper oxychloride are diluted, and then the mixture is mixed and sprayed; the two are uniformly mixed in a secondary dilution mode for spraying; wherein the dilution factor is the water consumption (L) divided by the drug dosage (g or mL) multiplied by 1000.
(2) The second treatment started on day 11, 7/2020: spraying 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition on leaf surfaces; and the control effect of the first treatment (3 days after the first treatment) was observed on the same day;
(3) the final therapeutic effect (3 days after the second drug) was observed at 14 days 7/2020.
And (4) observing results:
(1) the total number of field diseased melons (obviously visible wet diseased spots) is 37 on the treatment day of 7-8 days in 2020; lesions stopped spreading and began to dry 24 hours after the first treatment. FIG. 1 shows the lesions on the day of the first treatment, and FIG. 2 shows the lesions 24h after the first treatment.
(2) And when the disease is observed on 11 days 7 and 7 in 2020, namely 3 days after the first treatment, 2 new susceptible watermelons are added into the field, namely the fruit blotch is basically controlled and is not spread any more, and the disease blotches of the treated diseased watermelons are obviously withered, as shown in figures 3 and 4.
(3) 14 days 7 and 7 months in 2020, namely 3 days after the second treatment (observed 6 days after the first treatment), the field has no new melon infected fruit blotch; the lesions on the treated melons were completely dried up as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
In the treatment of the embodiment, only 2 diseased melons are newly added after the first treatment on the basis of 37 diseased melons in the whole field; after the second treatment, no new diseased melon is added, and the fruit blotch is controlled by 100%. No visible phytotoxicity is caused to the flowers and fruits.
Example 2
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: double castle town of princess city, Jilin province; the growth period is as follows: expanding the melon in the middle and later periods; diseased melons have been found in the field; test time: the first treatment time was 7/2/2020. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 8:4: 1.
(1) First treatment on day 2, 7/2020: simultaneously spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 60L; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 46% of copper hydroxide is diluted, and then the plant source pesticide composition and the copper hydroxide are mixed and sprayed; the two are uniformly mixed in a secondary dilution mode for spraying; wherein the dilution factor is the water consumption (L) divided by the drug dosage (g or mL) multiplied by 1000.
(2) Second treatment on 7/5/2020: after 3 days of first treatment, spraying 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition on leaf surfaces;
(3) third treatment on 12 days 7 and 2020: after the second treatment for 7 days, 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 60L.
Example 3
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: double castle town of princess city, Jilin province; the growth period is as follows: expanding the melon in the middle and later periods; diseased melons have been found in the field; test time: the first treatment time was 7/2/2020. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 20:4: 1.
(1) First treatment on day 2, 7/2020: spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiediazole copper on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 60L; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 20% of thiediazole copper is diluted, and then the mixture is mixed for spraying;
(2) second treatment on 7/5/2020: after 3 days of first treatment, spraying 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition on leaf surfaces;
(3) third treatment on 12 days 7 and 2020: after the second treatment for 5 days, 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiediazole copper are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 60L.
Example 4
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: double castle town of princess city, Jilin province; the growth period is as follows: expanding the melon in the middle and later periods; diseased melons have been found in the field; test time: the first treatment time was 7/2/2020. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 20:4: 1.
(1) First treatment on day 2, 7/2020: spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 66 mL/mu of 40% oxine-copper on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 60L; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 40% of oxine-copper is diluted, and then the diluted mixture is mixed and sprayed; the two are uniformly mixed in a secondary dilution mode for spraying; wherein the dilution factor is the water consumption (L) divided by the drug dosage (g or mL) multiplied by 1000.
(2) Second treatment on 7/5/2020: after 3 days of first treatment, spraying 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition on leaf surfaces;
(3) third treatment on 12 days 7 and 2020: after the second treatment for 5 days, 66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 66 mL/mu of 40% oxine-copper are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 60L.
Example 5
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: double castle town of princess city, Jilin province; the growth period is as follows: expanding the melon in the middle and later periods; diseased melons have been found in the field; test time: the first treatment time was 7/2/2020. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 20:4: 1.
(1) First treatment on day 2, 7/2020: spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 60L; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 6% kasugamycin is diluted, and then the plant source pesticide composition and the kasugamycin are mixed and sprayed; the two are uniformly mixed in a secondary dilution mode for spraying; wherein the dilution factor is the water consumption (L) divided by the drug dosage (g or mL) multiplied by 1000.
(2) Second treatment on 7/5/2020: after 3 days of first treatment, spraying 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition on leaf surfaces;
(3) third treatment on 12 days 7 and 2020: after the second treatment for 5 days, 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 60L.
Comparative example 1
The method for treating the intermediate and later stage fruit blotch of the swelled watermelon specifically comprises the following steps:
a place: double castle town of princess city, Jilin province; the growth period is as follows: expanding the melon in the middle and later periods; diseased melons have been found in the field; test time: the first treatment time was 7/2/2020. The present comparative example is different from examples 2 to 5 in that only the plant-derived pesticidal composition or 46% copper hydroxide is sprayed.
The application treatment scheme comprises the following steps:
CT 1: the plant source pesticide composition in the example 2 is sprayed on the leaf surface, the using time is the same as that of the examples 2, 3, 4 and 5, the plant source pesticide composition is continuously used for three times, the using dose of each time is 100 mL/mu, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 60L.
CT 2: 100 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide is sprayed on leaf surfaces, the using time is the same as that of the examples 2, 3, 4 and 5, the copper hydroxide is continuously used for three times, and the spraying amount per mu is 60L.
CK: the water control, the same time of using as example 2, 3, 4, 5, use three times consecutively, the amount of liquid sprayed per mu is 60L.
Treatment area: the treated cell area for examples 2, 3, 4, 5 and comparative examples CT1, CT2 and control CK were 0.1 acres, 4 replicates.
Investigation and observation: counting the number of the disease melons in the cell on the first Treatment Day (0DAT, 0Day After Treatment); 1DAT observing the dry condition of the lesion; 3DAT processing for the second time and counting the number of the sick melons in the community; 9DAT processing for the third time and counting the number of the sick melons in the residential area, and observing the phytotoxicity condition of the leaves; 16DAT observed the number of diseased melons and the leaf damage. The test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 shows the results of the tests of using the botanical pesticide composition and copper hydroxide alone and in combination
Figure BDA0002834028480000131
1DAT it was observed that the moist lesions of the melons in examples 2, 3, 4, 5 and CT1 treated areas began to turn white and yellow, whereas the CT2 treatment remained moist and did not differ from CK treatment.
9DAT observation showed no visible phytotoxicity symptoms in examples 2, 3, 4, 5 and both CT1 and CK-treated leaf; whereas about 10% of the leaf edges in the CT2 treated area were scorched, which is a clear symptom of copper ion damage.
16DAT observations of example 2, 3, 4, 5 and CT1 and CK treatment zone leaves were still free of visible signs of distress, whereas about 15% of the leaf edges in CT2 treatment zone had a clearly visible sign of scorching distress.
The result of the 16DAT control effect calculation shows that the effect (from 93.22 to 96.61%) of the mixed use and the combined use of the plant source pesticide composition, 46 percent of copper hydroxide, 20 percent of thiediazole copper, 40 percent of quinoline copper and 6 percent of kasugamycin is better than the effect (86.44%) of the plant source pesticide composition when the plant source pesticide composition is used alone at a high dose, and no leaf phytotoxicity symptom exists; the high amount of 46% copper hydroxide used alone not only had low control effect (35.59%) but also resulted in phytotoxicity symptoms in 10-15% of the leaves.
Example 6
A place: health-care town of the Mongolian family of the left-middle-jiao; the growth period is as follows: 3-4 leaf stage of transplanted melon seedlings; treatment time and number of times: the first treatment is carried out in 30 days of 5 months in 2020, and the treatment is carried out 2 times. When the watermelon leaves are treated, the watermelon leaves in the test field have disease spots. The plant-derived pesticide composition in the embodiment is the plant-derived pesticide composition disclosed in patent application publication No. CN111183991A, wherein the mass ratio of thymol, carvacrol and menthol is 20:4: 1.
The treatment method of the fruit blotch in the watermelon seedling stage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment on day 30, month 5 in 2020: spraying 66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 100 mL/mu of 3% Zhongshengmycin on leaf surfaces, wherein the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45L; before spraying, the plant source pesticide composition is diluted, 3% of zhongshengmycin is diluted, and then the mixture is mixed for spraying; the two are uniformly mixed in a secondary dilution mode for spraying; wherein the dilution factor is the water consumption (L) divided by the drug dosage (g or mL) multiplied by 1000.
(2) Second treatment on 6/2/2020: after 3 days of first treatment, 100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45L;
and when the disease is severe in rainy days or watermelon fruit blotch, performing third treatment, wherein the method for the third treatment is the same as that for the first treatment. In this example, only 2 treatments were carried out, and the third treatment was not carried out.
Comparative example 2
The watermelon seedling stage plant source pesticide composition, 3 percent of zhongshengmycin and 46 percent of copper hydroxide are singly used. The application time was the same as in example 6.
A place: health-care town of the Mongolian family of the left-middle-jiao; the growth period is as follows: 3-4 leaf stage of transplanted melon seedlings; treatment time and number of times: the first treatment is carried out in 30 days of 5 months in 2020, and the treatment is carried out 2 times. When the watermelon leaves are treated, the watermelon leaves in the test field have disease spots.
The application treatment scheme comprises the following steps:
CT 1: the first foliar application of the plant-derived pesticide composition of example 6 was carried out at a dosage of 100 mL/acre and a liquid spray amount per acre of 45L. The second treatment was carried out 3 days after the first treatment, in the same manner as the first treatment.
CT 2: the 3% Zhongshengmycin in example 6 is sprayed on the leaf surface for the first time, the using dose is 150 ml/mu, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45L. The second treatment was carried out 3 days after the first treatment, in the same manner as the first treatment.
CT 3: 46% copper hydroxide is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the first time, the using dose is 100 g/mu, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45L. The second treatment was carried out 3 days after the first treatment, in the same manner as the first treatment.
CK: and (5) continuously spraying the leaves for 2 times by using clear water as a control, wherein the liquid spraying amount is 45L each time.
Treatment area: example 6 and CT1, CT2, CT3 and CK each treated cell area were 0.1 acres, all repeated 4 times.
Investigation and observation:
(1) the number of diseased plants in each treatment cell was observed and counted on the day of the first treatment, i.e., 5, 30 days in 2020 and the average value was calculated.
(2) The number of diseased plants in each treated cell was observed and counted one week after the second treatment, i.e., 6 and 9 days in 2020 and the average value was calculated.
(3) And finally calculating the control effect according to the number of the diseased plants. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the test results of the preventive effect of the spot disease of watermelon in this comparative example
Treatment of Number of plants affected in the day Number of diseased plants 1 week after second treatment Control effect%
CT1 7.75 8.75 88.57
CT2 7.25 9.50 74.29
CT3 6.75 10.50 57.14
Example 6 7.25 7.75 94.29
CK 7.50 16.25 /
The results in table 1 show that the plant source pesticide composition and the zhongshengmycin are mixed/combined, so that the number of diseased plants is obviously reduced, and the disease spread is effectively controlled.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preventing and treating bacterial fruit blotch of watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: immediately spraying the plant source pesticide composition and the bactericide A on the leaf surfaces after the disease spots are found in the seedling stage or the middle and later stage of the swelling of the watermelon;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of the first treatment, spraying the plant source pesticide composition on the leaf surfaces;
the plant source pesticide composition comprises thymol, carvacrol and menthol, wherein the mass ratio of the thymol to the carvacrol to the menthol is 8-20:4-12: 1-2; the bactericide A comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
2. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: further comprises a third treatment: and after 5-7 days of second treatment, spraying the plant source pesticide composition and a bactericide B on the leaf surface, wherein the bactericide B comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
3. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: when the disease is serious in rainy weather or watermelon fruit blotch, performing fourth treatment: after the third treatment for 5-7 days, spraying a plant source pesticide composition and a bactericide C on the leaf surface, wherein the bactericide C comprises one or more of 46% of copper hydroxide, 20% of thiediazole copper, 40% of oxine copper, 6% of kasugamycin, 3% of zhongshengmycin and 50% of kasugao-copper.
4. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: the dosage of the botanical pesticide composition in the first treatment is 50-66 mL/mu, and the dosage of the mixed bactericide is the dosage in the recommended use range of the pesticide registration label.
5. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: the dosage of the botanical pesticide composition used in the second treatment is 66-100 mL/mu.
6. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: and in the third treatment, the using dosage of the plant source pesticide composition is 50-66 mL/mu, and the using dosage of the mixed bactericide is the dosage in the recommended using range of the pesticide registration label.
7. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: the method for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 40-60 g/mu times of 46% copper hydroxide are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 40-60 g/mu of 46% copper hydroxide are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
8. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: the method for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiabendazole copper 100 are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 150 g/mu of 20% thiabendazole-copper 100 are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
9. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 2, wherein: the method for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 50-60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 50-60 mL/mu of 6% kasugamycin are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
10. The method for controlling bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: the method for preventing and treating the watermelon fruit blotch specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) first treatment: after the watermelon finds disease spots, 50-66 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition and 60-80 g/mu of 50% Chunlei copper oxychloride are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(2) and (3) second treatment: after 2-3 days of first treatment, 66-100 mL/mu of plant source pesticide composition is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L;
(3) and (3) third treatment: after the second treatment for 5-7 days, 50-66 mL/mu of the plant source pesticide composition and 60-80 g/mu of 50% Chunlei copper oxychloride are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the liquid spraying amount per mu is 45-60L.
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