CN103370438A - 具有Cr-Si-N涂层的热金属板材成型或冲压工具 - Google Patents

具有Cr-Si-N涂层的热金属板材成型或冲压工具 Download PDF

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CN103370438A
CN103370438A CN2012800076692A CN201280007669A CN103370438A CN 103370438 A CN103370438 A CN 103370438A CN 2012800076692 A CN2012800076692 A CN 2012800076692A CN 201280007669 A CN201280007669 A CN 201280007669A CN 103370438 A CN103370438 A CN 103370438A
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CN103370438B (zh
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A·米勒
M·L·佐比希
C·马林格
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    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种CrSiN涂层热成型工具,其具有提高的抗磨损、抗氧化和耐粘着磨损性,从而能够具有更长的使用寿命和更好的性能。当工件为AlSi涂层金属板材和/或强度等于或大于1500MPa的金属板材时,CrSiN涂层能特别好地提高热金属板材成形工艺的性能。

Description

具有Cr-Si-N涂层的热金属板材成型或冲压工具
近年来,热金属板材成型工艺在制备新零件,尤其是汽车零件方面的应用增长很迅速。因此,这些工艺中存在的难题非常有必要值得关注。本发明涉及采用Cr-Si-N涂层体系来保证热成型工具的使用寿命和性能改进。从而也可以实现对于此类操作中的摩擦水平的良好控制。
现有技术
近年来,高强度的钢板越来越多地用于制备汽车零件,用于减轻汽车的重量和由此减少环境问题,同时提高碰撞的安全性。许多汽车零件和结构元件能够通过减少用于制备它们的高强度不锈钢的厚度而显著减轻重量。比如在欧洲,一种称为模具淬火、热成型、热冲压或热压的热金属板材成型工艺被用于制备强度约1500MPa的汽车结构元件。通过这种方法,加热钢板到奥氏体温度范围内,即约900℃,然后淬火,钢板的强度得到提高。加热的钢板从加热炉中取出,传送到压床,使用维持在室温的热金属板材成型工具成型成规定形状,并由此淬火。在成型工件上,压床保持在下止点,直到整个钢板充分淬火(Senuma,T.:ISIJInt.41,520(2001))。
一般而言,随着钢板的强度增加,加工性降低,为了克服这个问题,各种高强度钢板产品应运而生。例如,出现了具有可控微观结构或具有Zn-或Al-Zn-或AlSi涂层的高强度钢板。即使有这些尝试,当钢板的强度高达约1500MPa时冲压型复杂的形状仍是非常困难的(Senuma,T.:ISIJ Int.41,520(2001))。
在欧洲已经为此应用开发了一种称为USIBOR1500(AlSi-涂覆的)的铝化钢板产品。它具有优良的热压性能和抗腐蚀性能。
然而,虽然金属镀覆钢板具有非常有希望的性能,但由于软金属涂层极易粘附到工具表面,它们在成型操作过程中需要很多润滑剂。在连续几次成型循环之后,粘附的材料可能会导致在成型产品上产生刮痕并最终导致产生裂纹。该问题通常称为毛边。
另外,所需的润滑可能使车间环境恶化,并且需要不利于健康的脱脂剂来从成型零件上去除润滑剂。
提高采用镀覆金属板材的热金属板材成型工艺的现有性能的一种理论是在热成型钢板成型工具上施加低摩擦系数/高抗磨性的PVD涂层。在文献(Claysse,F.等:Wear264(2008)400-404)中获知了基本上两种不同类型的PVD涂层:氮化物基涂层(例如CrN和TiAlN)和的固体润滑剂,如碳或MoS2基涂层(例如类金刚石碳(DLC)和金属-MoS2复合材料)。
另外,Francis Clarysse等(Claysse,F.等:Wear264(2008)400-404)研究了不同涂层体系尤其设计来测试涂层对毛边的反应的测试中的性能。他们发现,碳基复合材料层(DLC型和WC/C)在抗毛边方面具有突出的表现。因此他们建议使用此类的工具涂层而不是典型的硬涂层(如CrN,TiN,CrN/TiCrN)。
提高热金属板材成型工具的性能以及由此制备的零件的表面质量的另一理论,是对热金属板材成型工具渗氮和渗碳氮,以及在热成型金属板的表面上实施其它类型的表面处理,如等离子处理,微结构化等。
然而使用上述方面获得的更好的热金属板成型工具性能,不能充分提高镀层高强度金属板的热金属板成型钢板成型工艺的工艺质量。尤其是采用AlSi镀覆的高强度钢板,如USIBOR1500,不能有效降低毛边现象,其仍然是一个问题。
发明目的
本发明的发明目的在于,提供一种热金属板成型工具,其具有能够令人满意地提高模具寿命和工具性能的涂层。该涂层应提供足够的抗磨料磨损性,足够的抗粘着磨损性和足够的温度稳定性。最重要地,与现在使用的涂层相比,该涂层应提高抗AlSi-镀覆的钢板在热金属板成型工艺之后出现毛边的性能。
发明内容
根据本发明,用CrSiN涂层镀覆热成型工具。发明人发现CrSiN涂层能够显著提高热金属板材成型工艺中所用的热金属板材成型工具的服务寿命和性能。
CrSiN涂层目前为止已知被用作干加工工具的保护涂层(JP2005186184),其中操作需求和压力的集合完全不同于相应的热金属板成型工具,其中一个大问题是例如如上所述的当AlSi镀覆钢板用作工件时的毛边现象。
根据本发明施加的CrSiN涂层具有非常优良的摩擦磨损,优异的温度稳定性和在热金属板成型工具表面的AlSi粘附的出色的降低,因此是对毛边问题的非常好的解决方法,毛边问题一般发现在通过热金属板成型操作由AlSi镀层钢板制备的零件表面。优选在基底上施加涂层厚度在4μm至8μm之间的CrSiN。
根据本发明,Cr-Si-N涂层通过物理气相沉积(PVD)方法,尤其是通过反应电弧离子镀,沉积在热金属板成型工具上。具有不同Cr和Si含量的合金化Cr∶Si靶用做沉积该CrSiN涂层的材料源。该靶在可在工具表面产生CrSiN涂层的含氮气氛中激活。
为了镀覆基底(测试样品和热金属板成型工具或冲压工具),使用了Balzers公司的Innova镀覆机。由氮化钢或非氮化钢制备的热金属板成型工具或冲压工具以及不同金属种类的其它测试样品被加热,蚀刻,和在该镀覆机的真空腔室内通过电弧离子镀PVD工艺镀覆。在沉积过程中不断旋转该基底。在镀覆步骤中,将氮气引入该真空腔室中,保持~2×10-2mbar的压力,激活六个合金化的Cr∶Si(组成为95∶5at%),并施加40V的DC偏压。
值得一提的是,电弧蒸发工艺在CrSiN涂层导致所谓的液滴。这些液滴是没有与反应气体(例如,在这里为氮气)充分反应的金属组分的颗粒。发明人发现,优选通过电弧蒸发镀覆有CrSiN涂层的热板材成型工具。这可能是由于在镀层中有限的、但存在的数量的液滴的存在。
通过Usibor
Figure BPA0000175312780000031
(Arcelor)的热金属板材成型来测试该CrSiN涂层热冲压工具,该Usibor
Figure BPA0000175312780000032
(Arcelor)为具有约30μm厚的Al-Si基涂层的细晶粒硼钢。
采用Usibor
Figure BPA0000175312780000033
(Arcelor)热金属板材成型获得的这些CrSiN涂层的抗粘性能明显优于用于同一成型工艺但但却涂覆了不同涂层体系(如TiAlN,CrN,AlCrN和AlCrSiN)的相同工具。
另外还测量了CrSiN涂层的润湿性和晶格系数。
根据本发明,沉积在热成型工具上的CrSiN涂层的元素组成按占涂层中所含金属元素和非金属元素的原子百分比计,如下:
CrxSiyNz,其中x:40-69%,y:1-20%和z:30-40%。
采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察如此沉积的CrSiN涂层的结构。所有沉积的涂层都证实了晶体结构的形成。所有沉积的涂层都显示了优选的面心立方晶格。在沉积的CrSiN涂层的XRD图案中,观察到了与优选的(111)和(200)晶面取向相应的峰。通过由于化学成分的变化而改变Si浓度、晶粒尺寸和残余应力,还观察到了峰的迁移。根据本发明的优选实施方案的涂层显示了与优选的(111)和(222)晶面取向所对应的峰,与纯CrN涂层的相应面的峰相比,这些峰发生了迁移。迁移的程度显示了并入到涂层中的硅的量。
观察到了在CrSiN涂层中的硅含量与它们的晶格参数、润湿性能和对AlSi涂层金属板的抗粘附性能之间存在重要的依赖性。
在本发明的以下优选实施方案中,CrSiN涂层中的硅含量值应认为是仅考虑了在涂层中金属元素而计算的。这意味着仅考虑了Cr和Si。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案是使用涂层中的硅含量为从>0到15at%的CrSiN涂层获得的。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案是使用涂层中的硅含量为2-10at%的CrSiN涂层获得的。
根据本发明的最优选的实施方案是使用涂层中的硅含量为3-8at%的CrSiN涂层获得的。
根据本发明,一种CrSiN涂层被用作于热成型工具的涂层。本发明公开了一种具有CrSiN硬涂层的用于热金属板成型的工具。所述CrSiN硬涂层特别是在薄膜中的硅含量为大于0到15at%,优选2-10at%,更优选3-8at%,仅考虑金属元素来计算所述的硅含量的原子百分比。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案是使用热传导钢(HTCS)或渗氮钢或渗碳氮钢作为工具基体或任何其它预先表面处理过的钢工具作为工具基体。
本发明公开了一种具有本发明的CrSiN涂层的用于热金属板成型的工具,其中所述CrSiN硬涂层是通过电弧离子镀覆方法形成的。
本发明公开了一种热金属板材成型工艺,其中采用了涂覆有本发明的涂层的工具,以提高该热成型工具的使用寿命和总体性能并由此提高通过该工艺制备的金属板的质量。
本发明特别考虑了一种热金属板材成型工艺,其中使用了根据本发明涂覆的工具来成型AlSi涂层金属板和/或成型金属板,其材料具有约1500MPa或更大的强度。

Claims (9)

1.具有CrSiN硬涂层的热金属板材成型工具。
2.如权利要求1所述的工具,其中所述的CrSiN硬涂层的特征在于膜中的Si含量为大于0至15at%,优选2-10at%,更优选3-8at%。
3.如权利要求1和2所述的工具,其中工具基体是热导热钢或渗氮钢或渗碳氮钢或任何预先表面处理过的钢。
4.如权利要求1和2所述的工具,其中工具基体是非渗氮钢。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的工具,其中所述CrSiN硬涂层是通过电弧离子镀形成的。
6.用于操纵工件的热金属板材成型工艺,其中使用了如权利要求1-5所述的工具。
7.如权利要求6所述的热金属板材成型工艺,其中所述工件为AlSi涂层金属板材。
8.如权利要求6-7所述的热金属板材成型工艺,其中所述工件是强度为1500MPa左右或更大的金属板材。
9.CrSiN涂层作为热金属板材成型工具上的涂层的用途。
CN201280007669.2A 2011-02-04 2012-01-28 具有Cr-Si-N涂层的热金属板材成型或冲压工具 Expired - Fee Related CN103370438B (zh)

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DE102011010401A DE102011010401A1 (de) 2011-02-04 2011-02-04 Mit Cr-Si-N Schichten versehene Werkzeuge zum Formen oder Stanzen von heissen Metallplatten
PCT/EP2012/000387 WO2012104048A1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-01-28 Hot metal sheet forming or stamping tools with cr-si-n coatings

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CN116180011A (zh) * 2022-12-26 2023-05-30 兰州空间技术物理研究所 一种轻质合金构件表面纳米多层耐蚀涂层及制备方法

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US20140144200A1 (en) 2014-05-29
AR085117A1 (es) 2013-09-11
DE102011010401A1 (de) 2012-08-23
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CA2825237A1 (en) 2012-08-09
BR112013019516A2 (pt) 2019-09-24
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CN103370438B (zh) 2015-11-25
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JP2014509262A (ja) 2014-04-17
WO2012104048A1 (en) 2012-08-09

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