CN103355253B - A kind of cultural method of small water turtle - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of small water turtle Download PDF

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CN103355253B
CN103355253B CN201310342256.6A CN201310342256A CN103355253B CN 103355253 B CN103355253 B CN 103355253B CN 201310342256 A CN201310342256 A CN 201310342256A CN 103355253 B CN103355253 B CN 103355253B
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small water
turtle
water
water turtle
small
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CN103355253A (en
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尤红惠
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Suzhou City Xiangcheng District Xinghu Ecological Agricultural Specialized Cooperatives
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Suzhou City Xiangcheng District Xinghu Ecological Agricultural Specialized Cooperatives
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of small water turtle, comprise the following steps: (1) is selected high-quality small water turtle ovum and hatched, (2) between the incubation period, every day sprinkles water 2-4 time, (3) physiological saline is used to embathe the young tortoise hatched, (4) small water turtle raising district comprises rearing pool, sandy beach district and meadow district, (5) above-mentioned young tortoise is moved into rearing pool, (6) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every day twice, feeding feed, (7) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every 3-6 days changes water once, (8) in the vegetative period of small water turtle, within every two weeks, embathe small water turtle with the whole pond of saline solution, (9) in the egg-laying period of small water turtle, increase by twice, feeding pill feed every day, (10) when air themperature is reduced to below 12 degrees Celsius, small water turtle starts hibernation.By the way, the cultural method proper extension small water turtle of small water turtle of the present invention growth cycle, achieve the captive of small water turtle.

Description

A kind of cultural method of small water turtle
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, particularly relate to a kind of cultural method of small water turtle.
Background technology
Small water turtle is a kind of biology of ancient mystery, there is high medical value, folks of china happiness small water turtle is as health care beauty treatment, anti-curing oncoma, one of main ingredient that longevity is healthy and strong, be applied to the postoperative rehabilitation of kinds cancer patient, modern Chinese medicine also with tortoiseshell as improving physique, yin-nourishing, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, kidney-nourishing, the prescription of beauty treatment, present stage has using edible small water turtle as disease preventing and treating, improve physique, the diet trend of antifatigue, small water turtle is except because have except higher nourishing, also can control labor illness hectic fever due to yin, chronic cough is spat blood, bloody flux, hemorrhoid blood, arthralgia and myalgia etc.Small water turtle is particularly useful for tumor patients, postoperative rehabilitation person, hepatopathy, nephrotic, weak, frequent flu, insomniac, treating rheumatic ostealgia, the tatanic spondylitis of lumbar vertebra patients such as woman puerperal fever headache, scapulohumeral periarthritis, chronic gastritis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic stomatocace, rhinitis chronic patient and the sub-health population such as overstrain one's nerves, in order to regulate function of human body, improve body immunity and anti-fatigue ability.The clinical application of binding of pathological, small water turtle has the special efficacy keeping human body yin-yang balancing, the content of small water turtle active factors is higher, active factors and various element combine one strong fresh combatants of composition, can cure cell and lose extremely, decrease of platelet, and inhibition cancer cell growth, reach cancer-resisting, eliminate the effect of tumour, promote blood circulation of human body, also promote human body cell growth simultaneously.
But because edible, the medicinal and ornamental value of small water turtle is by pay attention to day by day, people is that the behavior of catching and killing significantly increases, and serious destruction has also been suffered in the habitat of small water turtle, and under waters, pollution and food resource, degradation causes its stock number greatly to reduce simultaneously.According to estimates, China is substantially without wild stocks, and that commercially sees is also mostly from Southeast Asia import or from captive, small water turtle poor growth, and survival rate is low, is difficult to raise and train, this to a certain degree on limit the application of small water turtle.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves be to provide a kind of extend small water turtle growth cycle, improve the external environment condition of small water turtle hibernation period, make the cultural method of the small water turtle that small water turtle fast growth, survival rate are high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of cultural method of small water turtle, comprising the following steps:
(1) select fresh, circularity transitions smooth, the high-quality small water turtle ovum of being fertilized hatches, during hatching, use wooden case to make incubator box, first lay one deck fine sand in the bottom of wooden case, the preferred 5-6 centimetre of fine sand thickness, small water turtle ovum is placed on fine sand successively, and the larger one end of small water turtle ovum upwards, then cover completely on small water turtle ovum with fine sand, and cladding thickness is 2-3 centimetre, fine sand covers wet towel
(2) between the incubation period, every day sprinkles water 2-4 time in incubator box, and make incubator box humidity remain on 75-85%, temperature remains on 20-35 degree Celsius, until hatch young tortoise,
(3) use the physiological saline of 0.5% to embathe above-mentioned young tortoise 1-3 minute of hatching, carry out disinfection, then young tortoise is put into the rearing-box that case is covered with moist fine sand, after 2-3 days, start to feed with small fish, shrimp, earthworm, rice and vegetables to young tortoise,
(4) small water turtle raises the cell body that district is an all round closure, comprise rearing pool, sandy beach district and meadow district, the bottom of raising district is arranged to step-like, the bottom of rearing pool is lower than 80-95 centimetre bottom the district of sandy beach, a slope is arranged in the junction in rearing pool and sandy beach district, the gradient on described slope is 20-25 degree, and described sandy beach district, meadow district are connected with described rearing pool
(5) young tortoise grows up to young tortoise after raising 5-10 days, is moved in outdoor rearing pool by above-mentioned young tortoise and raises, and throw in 8-10 only young tortoise for every square metre, and in described young tortoise, the input ratio of female tortoise and male tortoise is 1.5-2:1,
(6) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every day feeding feed twice, sooner or later each once, feeding amount is the 3-8% of small water turtle body weight, along with the rising feeding amount of water temperature increases, described feed comprises fish, shrimp, snail, freshwater mussel meat, earthworm, rice, pumpkin and vegetables
(7) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every 3-6 days changes water once, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4-1/3 of total Water, when the water temperature of rearing pool is higher than 32 degrees Celsius, change water every day once, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3-1/2 of total Water, the transparency of rearing pool Chi Shui remains on 25-35 centimetre
(8) in the vegetative period of small water turtle, the whole pond of saline solution of 2% within every two weeks, is used to embathe small water turtle 5-15 minute, to prevent and treat common bacteriosis, soak with the whole pond of dense sea-tangle leachate or shower small water turtle 1 minute-l0 minute, to prevent and treat the generation of small water turtle goitre, when finding that the appetite of small water turtle declines, when being slow in action, with dense sea-tangle leachate dipping bath small water turtle 8-10 minute, improve the appetite of small water turtle, described dense sea-tangle leachate is the dry sea-tangle l00g soaking chopping in every l0kg water, the mixed liquor stirred
(9) in the egg-laying period of small water turtle, increase feeding pill feed twice every day, sooner or later each once feeding amount is the 1-3% of small water turtle body weight, this stage, and the fine sand thickness in sandy beach district remains on 20-40 centimetre, and humidity remains on 15-20%,
Above-mentioned pill is formed by the raw material mixed preparing of following weight parts, above-mentioned pill comprises the fish of 20-25 part, the shrimp of 15-20 part, the pork liver of 10-12 part, the snail of 3-6 part, the freshwater mussel meat of 5-8 part, the clam shell of 3-6 part, the earthworm of 2-5 part, the lysine of 1-2.5 part, the groundnut cake of the multivitamin of 2-4 part, the dried silkworm chrysalis meal of 5-7.5 part and 2-3 part, other is vegetables, in the pill feed of this formula, protein content is 45-65%, described content is weight percentage, in pill feed, the weight proportion of animal feed and plant feed remains on 2-4:1
Said components dried respectively and is polished into powder, and after weighing according to above-mentioned weight portion, use honey to make pill feed, before each feeding, be first soaked in water pill feed 2-5 minute, then drops in rearing pool and feed,
(10) when air themperature is reduced to below 12 degrees Celsius, small water turtle starts hibernation, and the fine sand in sandy beach district is spread the cotton yarn of 2-3 cm thick, and small water turtle can partly be embedded in fine sand, within every 7-10 days, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand,
When air themperature is lower than 8 degrees Celsius, Ultraviolet radiation 2-3 time weekly, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand for each 3-5 minute, every 15-25 days,
When air themperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius, heater can be adopted to carry out Heat preservation to sandy beach district, each moon once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand, and sandy beach district temperature remains on 5-10 degree Celsius, and humidity remains on 15-25%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preferred 25-40% of humidity of fine sand in described step (1).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Chi Shui of the rearing pool in described step (4) is highly 55-65 centimetre, and throw in a small amount of water lettuce and false narcissus, and the solarization back of the body platform of a small water turtle is set in rearing pool, the described daylight opening DLO shining back of the body platform remains on 15-25 centimetre from the height of the pond water water surface, be provided with slope between described solarization back of the body platform and the pond water water surface, the gradient on the slope between described solarization back of the body platform and the pond water water surface is 15-20 degree.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the vegetative period of the small water turtle in described step (8), prevent small water turtle from infecing Red neck disease, once find this disease, should isolate for treatment immediately, and with lime disinfection tortoise pond, more renew water.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the growth cycle of the cultural method proper extension small water turtle of small water turtle of the present invention, improve small water turtle hibernation period external environment condition, such that small water turtle fast growth, survival rate are high, the captive that achieves small water turtle, process of growth is pollution-free, without chemical residual, edible, medicinal and ornamental value is higher.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
A cultural method for small water turtle, comprises the following steps:
(1) select fresh, circularity transitions smooth, the high-quality small water turtle ovum of being fertilized hatches, during hatching, use wooden case to make incubator box, first lay one deck fine sand in the bottom of wooden case, fine sand thickness is 5-6 centimetre, small water turtle ovum is placed on fine sand successively, and the larger one end of small water turtle ovum upwards, then cover completely on small water turtle ovum with fine sand, and cladding thickness is 2-3 centimetre, fine sand covers wet towel
(2) between the incubation period, every day sprinkles water 2-4 time in incubator box, and incubator box humidity remains on 75-85%, and temperature remains on 20-35 degree Celsius, until hatch young tortoise,
(3) physiological saline of 0.5% is used to embathe above-mentioned young tortoise 1-3 minute of hatching, carry out disinfection, be beneficial to growing of young tortoise, prevent from catching an illness, then young tortoise is put into the rearing-box being covered with moist fine sand, after 2-3 days, start to feed with small fish, shrimp, earthworm and a little rice and vegetables to young tortoise, then raise 5-8 days, young tortoise will can conform, healthy and strong young tortoise is moved into outdoor rearing pool to raise
(4) small water turtle raises the cell body that district is an all round closure, comprise rearing pool, sandy beach district and meadow district, the bottom of raising district is arranged to step-like, the bottom of rearing pool is lower than 80-95 centimetre bottom the district of sandy beach, a slope is arranged in the junction in rearing pool and sandy beach district, the gradient on described slope is 20-25 degree, described sandy beach district, meadow district are connected with described rearing pool, a little romaine lettuce, pumpkin and weeds can be suitably planted in meadow district, in order to perching and eat food plant during small water turtle disembarkation rest
(5) young tortoise grows up to young tortoise after raising 5-10 days, above-mentioned young tortoise is moved in outdoor rearing pool and raises, throw in 8-10 only young tortoise for every square metre, and in described young tortoise the input ratio of female tortoise and male tortoise with 1.5-2:1, as too much in male tortoise, breeding season easily causes the fight between male tortoise, and time serious, both sides all bite.As less in male tortoise, will fertilization rate be affected,
(6) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every day feeding feed twice, sooner or later each once, feeding amount is the 3-8% of small water turtle body weight, along with the rising feeding amount of water temperature increases, described feed comprises fish, shrimp, snail, freshwater mussel meat, earthworm, rice, pumpkin and vegetables
(7) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every 3-6 days changes water once, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4-1/3 of total Water, when the water temperature of rearing pool is higher than 32 degrees Celsius, change water every day once, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3-1/2 of total Water, the transparency of rearing pool Chi Shui remains on 25-35 centimetre, when renewing water at every turn, new hydromining natural river or lake water, if use city running water, then need after running water airing 2-3 days, putting in rearing pool, note the swimming rate observing small water turtle at ordinary times, food speed and food amount, once find that small water turtle action is slack-off, eye is blunt, One's eyesight is restrained, namely be engraved in when renewing water, the salt of 0.04% and the sodium bicarbonate disinfection of 0.04% is added in new water,
(8) in the vegetative period of small water turtle, every two weeks with 2% the whole pond of saline solution embathe small water turtle 5-15 minute, to prevent and treat common bacteriosis, soak with the whole pond of dense sea-tangle leachate or shower small water turtle 1 minute-l0 minute, to prevent and treat the generation of small water turtle goitre, when finding that the appetite of small water turtle declines, when being slow in action, with dense sea-tangle leachate dipping bath small water turtle 8-10 minute, can improve the appetite of small water turtle, described dense sea-tangle leachate is the dry sea-tangle l00g soaking chopping in every l0kg water, the mixed liquor stirred, protection effect is good
(9) in the egg-laying period of small water turtle, increase feeding pill feed twice every day, sooner or later each once feeding amount is the 1-3% of small water turtle body weight, this stage, and the fine sand thickness in sandy beach district remains on 20-40 centimetre, and humidity remains on 15-20%,
Above-mentioned pill is formed by the raw material mixed preparing of following weight parts, above-mentioned pill comprises the fish of 20-25 part, the shrimp of 15-20 part, the pork liver of 10-12 part, the snail of 3-6 part, the freshwater mussel meat of 5-8 part, the clam shell of 3-6 part, the earthworm of 2-5 part, the lysine of 1-2.5 part, the groundnut cake of the multivitamin of 2-4 part, the dried silkworm chrysalis meal of 5-7.5 part and 2-3 part, other is vegetables, in the pill feed of this formula, protein content is 45-65%, described content is weight percentage, and in pill feed, the weight proportion of animal feed and plant feed remains on 2-4:1.And described feed is based on feed of animal origin, be auxiliary with vegetable feed, also need to add multivitamin, trace element and the mineral feeds such as calcium, phosphorus, enhance the calcium content of small water turtle turtle shell, pill feed request is fresh, is soaked in water the same day and feeds the same day, not throw something and feed the food rotted
Said components is dried respectively and is polished into powder, and after weighing according to above-mentioned weight portion, honey is used to make pill feed, before each feeding, be first soaked in water pill feed 2-5 minute, then drops in rearing pool and feed, and this stage, note keeping the peace and quiet of rearing pool and the suitable humidity of sandy beach district fine sand, so that female small water turtle is laid eggs smoothly
(10) when air themperature is reduced to below 12 degrees Celsius, small water turtle starts hibernation, and the fine sand in sandy beach district is spread the cotton yarn of 2-3 cm thick, and small water turtle can partly be embedded in fine sand, within every 7-10 days, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand,
When air themperature is lower than 8 degrees Celsius, Ultraviolet radiation 2-3 time weekly, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand for each 3-5 minute, every 15-25 days,
When air themperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius, adopt heater to carry out Heat preservation to sandy beach district, each moon once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand, and sandy beach district temperature remains on 5-10 degree Celsius, and humidity remains on 15-25%.
In addition, in described step (1), the humidity of fine sand is 25-40%.
In addition, the Chi Shui of the rearing pool in described step (4) is highly 55-65 centimetre, and throw in a small amount of water lettuce and false narcissus, and the solarization back of the body platform of a small water turtle is set in rearing pool, the described daylight opening DLO shining back of the body platform remains on 15-25 centimetre from the height of the pond water water surface, slope is provided with between described solarization back of the body platform and the pond water water surface, the gradient on the slope between above-mentioned solarization back of the body platform and the pond water water surface is 15-20 degree, hidden and to avoid heat for small water turtle, some plant shieldings are planted in rearing pool, be beneficial to cooling in summer heatstroke prevention, in addition, by shining the back of the body, also bactericidal action can be played, vitamin D source for small water turtle body surface is converted into vitamin D and creates condition, strengthen the premunition of tortoise body.
In addition, in the vegetative period of the small water turtle in described step (8), prevent small water turtle from infecing Red neck disease, once find this disease, should isolate for treatment immediately, and with lime disinfection tortoise pond, more renew water.Particularly at plum rain season, pay special attention to prevent small water turtle from infecing Red neck disease, the symptom of Red neck disease has: punctation appears in sick tortoise belly, throat and neck swelling, neck extends and can not retract, anorexia, slow in reacting, when being in a bad way, mouth and nose are hemorrhage, inflammatory bowel is rotten to the corn, and whole body is red and swollen, dead soon, once find this disease, should isolate for treatment immediately, and with lime disinfection tortoise pond, more renew water, and in new water, add the salt disinfection of 0.5%.
Be different from prior art, the cultural method of small water turtle of the present invention is by simulating growing environment and the growth cycle of wild small water turtle, and the growth cycle of proper extension small water turtle, improve the external environment condition of small water turtle hibernation period, such that small water turtle fast growth, survival rate are high, the captive that achieves small water turtle, process of growth is pollution-free, without chemical residual, edible, medicinal and ornamental value is higher.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a cultural method for small water turtle, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) select fresh, circularity transitions smooth, the high-quality small water turtle ovum of being fertilized hatches, during hatching, use wooden case to make incubator box, first lay one deck fine sand in the bottom of wooden case, the preferred 5-6 centimetre of fine sand thickness, small water turtle ovum is placed on fine sand successively, and the larger one end of small water turtle ovum upwards, then cover completely on small water turtle ovum with fine sand, and cladding thickness is 2-3 centimetre, fine sand covers wet towel
(2) between the incubation period, every day sprinkles water 2-4 time in incubator box, and make incubator box humidity remain on 75-85%, temperature remains on 20-35 degree Celsius, until hatch young tortoise,
(3) use the physiological saline of 0.5% to embathe above-mentioned young tortoise 1-3 minute of hatching, carry out disinfection, then young tortoise is put into the rearing-box that case is covered with moist fine sand, after 2-3 days, start to feed with small fish, shrimp, earthworm, rice and vegetables to young tortoise,
(4) small water turtle raises the cell body that district is an all round closure, comprise rearing pool, sandy beach district and meadow district, the bottom of raising district is arranged to step-like, the bottom of rearing pool is lower than 80-95 centimetre bottom the district of sandy beach, a slope is arranged in the junction in rearing pool and sandy beach district, the gradient on described slope is 20-25 degree, and described sandy beach district, meadow district are connected with described rearing pool
(5) young tortoise grows up to young tortoise after raising 5-10 days, is moved in outdoor rearing pool by above-mentioned young tortoise and raises, and throw in 8-10 only young tortoise for every square metre, and in described young tortoise, the input ratio of female tortoise and male tortoise is 1.5-2:1,
(6) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every day feeding feed twice, sooner or later each once, feeding amount is the 3-8% of small water turtle body weight, along with the rising feeding amount of water temperature increases, described feed comprises fish, shrimp, spiral shell, freshwater mussel meat, earthworm, rice, pumpkin and vegetables
(7) when the water temperature of rearing pool is 18-32 degree Celsius, every 3-6 days changes water once, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4-1/3 of total Water, when the water temperature of rearing pool is higher than 32 degrees Celsius, change water every day once, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3-1/2 of total Water, the transparency of rearing pool Chi Shui remains on 25-35 centimetre
(8) in the vegetative period of small water turtle, the whole pond of saline solution of 2% within every two weeks, is used to embathe small water turtle 5-15 minute, to prevent and treat common bacteriosis, soak with the whole pond of dense sea-tangle leachate or shower small water turtle 1 minute-l0 minute, to prevent and treat the generation of small water turtle goitre, when finding that the appetite of small water turtle declines, when being slow in action, with dense sea-tangle leachate dipping bath small water turtle 8-10 minute, improve the appetite of small water turtle, described dense sea-tangle leachate is the dry sea-tangle l00g soaking chopping in every l0kg water, the mixed liquor stirred
(9) in the egg-laying period of small water turtle, increase feeding pill feed twice every day, sooner or later each once feeding amount is the 1-3% of small water turtle body weight, this stage, and the fine sand thickness in sandy beach district remains on 20-40 centimetre, and humidity remains on 15-20%,
Above-mentioned pill is formed by the raw material mixed preparing of following weight parts, above-mentioned pill comprises the fish of 20-25 part, the shrimp of 15-20 part, the pork liver of 10-12 part, the spiral shell of 3-6 part, the freshwater mussel meat of 5-8 part, the clam shell of 3-6 part, the earthworm of 2-5 part, the lysine of 1-2.5 part, the groundnut cake of the multivitamin of 2-4 part, the dried silkworm chrysalis meal of 5-7.5 part and 2-3 part, other is vegetables, in the pill feed of this formula, protein content is 45-65%, described content is weight percentage, in pill feed, the weight proportion of animal feed and plant feed remains on 2-4:1
Said components dried respectively and is polished into powder, and after weighing according to above-mentioned weight portion, use honey to make pill feed, before each feeding, be first soaked in water pill feed 2-5 minute, then drops in rearing pool and feed,
(10) when air themperature is reduced to below 12 degrees Celsius, small water turtle starts hibernation, and the fine sand in sandy beach district is spread the cotton yarn of 2-3 cm thick, and small water turtle can partly be embedded in fine sand, within every 7-10 days, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand,
When air themperature is lower than 8 degrees Celsius, Ultraviolet radiation 2-3 time weekly, once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand for each 3-5 minute, every 15-25 days,
When air themperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius, heater can be adopted to carry out Heat preservation to sandy beach district, each moon once to sprinkle water process to cotton yarn and fine sand, and sandy beach district temperature remains on 5-10 degree Celsius, and humidity remains on 15-25%.
2. the cultural method of small water turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preferred 25-40% of humidity of fine sand in described step (1).
3. the cultural method of small water turtle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Chi Shui of the rearing pool in described step (4) is highly 55-65 centimetre, and throw in a small amount of water lettuce and false narcissus, and the solarization back of the body platform of a small water turtle is set in rearing pool, the described daylight opening DLO shining back of the body platform remains on 15-25 centimetre from the height of the pond water water surface, and be provided with slope between described solarizations back of the body platform and the pond water water surface, the gradient on the slope that described solarization is carried on the back between platform and the pond water water surface is 15-20 degree.
4. the cultural method of small water turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vegetative period of the small water turtle in described step (8), prevent small water turtle from infecing Red neck disease, once find this disease, should isolate for treatment immediately, and with lime disinfection tortoise pond, more renew water.
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