CN103314896A - Intercropping method for finless eel and mud fish in lotus root pond - Google Patents
Intercropping method for finless eel and mud fish in lotus root pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103314896A CN103314896A CN2013102372682A CN201310237268A CN103314896A CN 103314896 A CN103314896 A CN 103314896A CN 2013102372682 A CN2013102372682 A CN 2013102372682A CN 201310237268 A CN201310237268 A CN 201310237268A CN 103314896 A CN103314896 A CN 103314896A
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Abstract
Disclosed is an intercropping method for finless eel and mud fish in a lotus root pond. The area of the pond is 2-5 mu, the average depth of the pond is 1.0m, a pollution-free water source is required, drainage is facilitated, lotus roots are planted in the pond according to conventional requirements, the lotus leaf covering area accounts for about 50% of the whole pond, the pond needs to be cleaned and disinfected 10-15d before the finless eel is thrown into the pond, pond water is drained, whether the pond leaks or not is checked, the pond is cleaned with calcined lime, 1125-2250kg/hm<2> of calcined lime is used when the depth of the pond water is 7-10cm, the pond is cleaned with bleaching powder if the pond water cannot be drained, new water is injected 7d after the pond is cleaned, the injected new water needs to be filtered, base fertilizers are applied after the water is injected, water quality is improved by stacking 2250-3000kg/hm<2> of organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and pig manure at four corners of the pond, and the finless eel can be placed into the pond to breed 5-7d after the fertilizers are applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of swamp eel, loach lotus rhizome pond cover breeding method.
Background technology
Swamp eel belongs to Cypriniformes, and Cobitidae is small-sized economic fish, belongs to temperate water fishes, and the growth water temperature is 15 ~ 30 ℃, and optimum water temperature is 22 ~ 28 ℃, and water temperature is higher than 32 ℃ and pierces in the mud, and water temperature is lower than 7 ℃ and slips into hibernation in the mud.Loach can not only be used gill respiration, can also utilize skin and intestines to breathe, and strong to adaptive capacity to environment, hypoxia-bearing capability is stronger.Usually live in water-bed layer, the custom of sludge is arranged, like neutral and slightly acidic cohesive soil.Swamp eel is ominivore-fish, and that often ingests has a microorganism in water flea, silk earthworm, pasture and water and the water, commonly usedly stacks that the methods such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure are bred bait or the artificial pellet of throwing something and feeding is fed swamp eel.Monopterus Albus Feeding is much more general between the lights and night, and as at egg-laying period and growth animated period, also ingest daytime, and the swamp eel in egg-laying period than usual food ration increases, and female swamp eel ingests many than realgar eel.General 2 rheological properties of swamp eel are ripe, can repeatedly lay eggs in 1 year, and the egg-laying period is 4 ℃ of Augusts, and wherein are egg production peak times 5 ℃ of June, the weak stickiness of fertilized egg tool.Swamp eel be a kind of widely distributed, adaptability is very strong, the Small Freshwater Fishes not high to requirement for environmental conditions, is one of important aquatic products of China's foreign trade outlet.Swamp eel because of its strong adaptability, disease is few, survival rate is high, and fertility is strong, convenient transportation, bait are easy to get, and has become important aquaculture kind, the cultivation prospect is very wide.The pond culture swamp eel is to adopt at present more a kind of breeding way, and unit yield is high, and the technical operation level requires also high, and general output can reach 23 ~ 36t/hm
2
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of swamp eel, loach lotus rhizome pond cover breeding method may further comprise the steps:
1) culturing pool is built: 2～5 mu of pond areas, and mean depth of water 1.0m requires the water source pollution-free, annotate, draining is convenient, requires routinely pond kind of the lotus root of planting, the lotus leaf area coverage accounts for full pond 50%, before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu with full pool spilling head behind the quicklime 150kgization water, kills wild fishes and pathogen in the pool, first Chi Shui drained, inspection has or not leak, then clean up the pond with quicklime, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the rear 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is the fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d; Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg after drug effect disappears;
2) seedling is selected: yellow finless eel or golden yellow stigma eel that the swamp eel seedling is tamed with artificial culture, can not with variegated eel seedling and by the domestication the eel seedling, 50～80 every kilogram of swamp eel seedling sizes, breeding density is generally put 1～1.5 kilogram of eel seedling with every square metre, and swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed after 20 days and throws in the loach seedling in 1: 10 ratio; The eel kind is put front usefulness 4% saline solution sterilization in a suitable place to breed and was soaked rolling, serious should the rejecting of jumping in salt solution 8 minutes;
3) feedstuff feeding: at first install feed table, feed table is done all right with plank or plastic plate, area is made by oneself by the pond size, be lower than 5 centimetres of the waters surface, do not throw something and feed in initial 3 days behind the input swamp eel seedling, allow the swamp eel control environment, since the 4th day feed of throwing something and feeding, throwing something and feeding to the eel kind should be take fresh and alive animal feed as main, hold concurrently and feed some plant feeds, feed mainly contains small fish, shrimp, earthworm, spiral shell, fly maggot, bright silkworm chrysalis, tankage, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, green vegetables, duckweed, the eel compound feed of also can throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed and will be adhered to regularly: through the swamp eel of raising and train, generally in the morning 8～9 o'clock, o'clock throw something and feed in afternoon 4～5, to increase its food ration, promote growth; Quantitatively: swamp eel property is voracious, many foods can be swollen dead, therefore, feeding volume is 2%～3% of swamp eel gross weight every day when beginning to throw something and feed, and is increased to later on 4%～6%, after throwing something and feeding the previous day, to observe its food situation morning next day, feeding volume then is described just in time without killing and devouring, kills and devour and illustrate that then feeding volume is excessive, the capable of regulating feeding volume; Decide matter: feed is necessarily fresh, guards against rotten; The location: feed will be thrown place fixing in the eel pond, allows swamp eel form the custom of fixed point food, and loach natural propagation is fast, and pond loach ratio added hello 1 wheat bran every day and gets final product greater than 1: 10 o'clock;
4) daily management: run Chi Shui well, water level generally remains on about 10 centimetres, and water is crossed and deeply can be affected the breathing of swamp eel and look for food, and residual bait will in time be pulled out in the pond, and the in good time new water of filling as the case may be; Carry out reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention and warming antifreeze work: the preference temperature of swamp eel growth is 15～28 ℃, when water temperature is raised to more than 28 ℃, can in the pond, put a little water lettuces or weter hyacinth, but area can not surpass 1/3 of pond face, if water temperature surpasses 30 ℃, the new water of should in time annotating, handy underground water cooling, once can not add dilutional hyponatremia, in order to avoid excessive temperature differentials causes swamp eel dead, when water temperature drops to 15 ℃ of left and right sides, be before swamp eel enters the winter, the high-quality feed of should throwing something and feeding makes it plump and sturdy, improves cold tolerance, after water temperature drops to below 10 ℃, in time drain Chi Shui, bedding straw on bed mud is avoided the swamp eel frostbite; The running check osculum is in case swamp eel escapes; In time pluck too much floating leaf and old and feeble leave morning autumn, to keep the lotus root pond ventilated.This moment, every mu of lotus root pond imposed the fertilizer 50～100kg of fermentation maturity;
5) disease control: red skin disease: 1. use 1 mg/litre Betagen Solution full pool spilling head; 2. mix bait with sulphathiazole and throw something and feed, the first day consumption is/100 kilograms of swamp eels of 10 grams, and consumption reduced by half in second to the 6th day; 3. soaked disease eel 10 ~ 20 minutes or smeared the affected part with 5% tincture of iodine with 2.5% salt solution; 4. use 0.05 mg/litre alum solution full pool spilling head, two days later again with the quicklime liquid water surface of splashing; Enteritis disease: 1. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels restrain or mix bait with 1 kilogram of garlic+0.5 kilogram salt and throw something and feed, every day 1 time, continuous 6 days with sulphaguanidine 10; 2. in endo-medicine, external application quicklime liquid or quaternary amine chelated iodine preparation are splashed; Putrid skin disease: per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with sulphaguanidine 10 grams, and every day 1 time, 3 ~ 6 days is 1 course for the treatment of; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with 1 kilogram of sulphoamidine 2 gram+water earthworm, are used in conjunction 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with erythromycin 25 million international units, every day 1 time, continuous 3 days; Tail: 1. in the transportation, prevent mechanical damage; 2. every cubic metre of water body is with golden toxin 25 million international units, full pool spilling head; 3. smear the affected part with 5% povidone iodine.Hemorrhage: 1. with the quicklime sterilization of thoroughly cleaning up the pond; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 1 kilogram of rheum officinale and throw something and feed, and every day 1 time, are used in conjunction 3 ~ 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with 25 million international units aureomycin, full pool spilling head; Capillariosis: 1. quicklime is cleaned up the pond and is killed worm's ovum; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 90% trichlorphon, 10 grams and throw something and feed, and are used in conjunction 6 days; 3. with rhizome of cyrtomium 320 gram, schizonepeta 100 grams, caulis perllae 80 grams, margosa bark 100 grams, mix decocting, get liquid and mix bait and throw something and feed.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of swamp eel, loach lotus rhizome pond cover breeding method may further comprise the steps:
1. culturing pool is built
2～5 mu of pond areas, mean depth of water 1.0m requires the water source pollution-free, annotate, draining is convenient, requires routinely pond kind of the lotus root of planting, the lotus leaf area coverage accounts for full pond 50%, before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu with full pool spilling head behind the quicklime 150kgization water, kills wild fishes and pathogen in the pool, first Chi Shui drained, inspection has or not leak, then clean up the pond with quicklime, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the rear 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is the fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d; Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg after drug effect disappears;
2. seedling is selected
Yellow finless eel or golden yellow stigma eel that the swamp eel seedling is tamed with artificial culture, can not with variegated eel seedling and by the domestication the eel seedling, 50～80 every kilogram of swamp eel seedling sizes, breeding density is generally put 1～1.5 kilogram of eel seedling with every square metre, and swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed after 20 days and throws in the loach seedling in 1: 10 ratio; The eel kind is put front usefulness 4% saline solution sterilization in a suitable place to breed and was soaked rolling, serious should the rejecting of jumping in salt solution 8 minutes;
3. feedstuff feeding
At first install feed table, feed table is done all right with plank or plastic plate, area is made by oneself by the pond size, be lower than 5 centimetres of the waters surface, do not throw something and feed in initial 3 days behind the input swamp eel seedling, allow the swamp eel control environment, since the 4th day feed of throwing something and feeding, throwing something and feeding to the eel kind should be take fresh and alive animal feed as main, hold concurrently and feed some plant feeds, feed mainly contains small fish, shrimp, earthworm, spiral shell, fly maggot, bright silkworm chrysalis, tankage, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, green vegetables, duckweed, the eel compound feed of also can throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed and will be adhered to regularly: through the swamp eel of raising and train, generally in the morning 8～9 o'clock, o'clock throw something and feed in afternoon 4～5, to increase its food ration, promote growth; Quantitatively: swamp eel property is voracious, many foods can be swollen dead, therefore, feeding volume is 2%～3% of swamp eel gross weight every day when beginning to throw something and feed, and is increased to later on 4%～6%, after throwing something and feeding the previous day, to observe its food situation morning next day, feeding volume then is described just in time without killing and devouring, kills and devour and illustrate that then feeding volume is excessive, the capable of regulating feeding volume; Decide matter: feed is necessarily fresh, guards against rotten; The location: feed will be thrown place fixing in the eel pond, allows swamp eel form the custom of fixed point food, and loach natural propagation is fast, and pond loach ratio added hello 1 wheat bran every day and gets final product greater than 1: 10 o'clock;
4. daily management
Run Chi Shui well, water level generally remains on about 10 centimetres, and water is crossed and deeply can be affected the breathing of swamp eel and look for food, and residual bait will in time be pulled out in the pond, and the in good time new water of filling as the case may be; Carry out reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention and warming antifreeze work: the preference temperature of swamp eel growth is 15～28 ℃, when water temperature is raised to more than 28 ℃, can in the pond, put a little water lettuces or weter hyacinth, but area can not surpass 1/3 of pond face, if water temperature surpasses 30 ℃, the new water of should in time annotating, handy underground water cooling, once can not add dilutional hyponatremia, in order to avoid excessive temperature differentials causes swamp eel dead, when water temperature drops to 15 ℃ of left and right sides, be before swamp eel enters the winter, the high-quality feed of should throwing something and feeding makes it plump and sturdy, improves cold tolerance, after water temperature drops to below 10 ℃, in time drain Chi Shui, bedding straw on bed mud is avoided the swamp eel frostbite; The running check osculum is in case swamp eel escapes; In time pluck too much floating leaf and old and feeble leave morning autumn, to keep the lotus root pond ventilated.This moment, every mu of lotus root pond imposed the fertilizer 50～100kg of fermentation maturity;
5. disease control
Red skin disease: 1. use 1 mg/litre Betagen Solution full pool spilling head; 2. mix bait with sulphathiazole and throw something and feed, the first day consumption is/100 kilograms of swamp eels of 10 grams, and consumption reduced by half in second to the 6th day; 3. soaked disease eel 10 ~ 20 minutes or smeared the affected part with 5% tincture of iodine with 2.5% salt solution; 4. use 0.05 mg/litre alum solution full pool spilling head, two days later again with the quicklime liquid water surface of splashing; Enteritis disease: 1. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels restrain or mix bait with 1 kilogram of garlic+0.5 kilogram salt and throw something and feed, every day 1 time, continuous 6 days with sulphaguanidine 10; 2. in endo-medicine, external application quicklime liquid or quaternary amine chelated iodine preparation are splashed; Putrid skin disease: per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with sulphaguanidine 10 grams, and every day 1 time, 3 ~ 6 days is 1 course for the treatment of; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with 1 kilogram of sulphoamidine 2 gram+water earthworm, are used in conjunction 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with erythromycin 25 million international units, every day 1 time, continuous 3 days; Tail: 1. in the transportation, prevent mechanical damage; 2. every cubic metre of water body is with golden toxin 25 million international units, full pool spilling head; 3. smear the affected part with 5% povidone iodine.Hemorrhage: 1. with the quicklime sterilization of thoroughly cleaning up the pond; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 1 kilogram of rheum officinale and throw something and feed, and every day 1 time, are used in conjunction 3 ~ 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with 25 million international units aureomycin, full pool spilling head; Capillariosis: 1. quicklime is cleaned up the pond and is killed worm's ovum; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 90% trichlorphon, 10 grams and throw something and feed, and are used in conjunction 6 days; 3. with rhizome of cyrtomium 320 gram, schizonepeta 100 grams, caulis perllae 80 grams, margosa bark 100 grams, mix decocting, get liquid and mix bait and throw something and feed.
Claims (3)
1. breeding method is overlapped in a swamp eel, loach lotus rhizome pond, may further comprise the steps:
Culturing pool is built: 2～5 mu of pond areas, and mean depth of water 1.0m requires the water source pollution-free, annotate, draining is convenient, requires routinely pond kind of the lotus root of planting, the lotus leaf area coverage accounts for full pond 50%, before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu with full pool spilling head behind the quicklime 150kgization water, kills wild fishes and pathogen in the pool, first Chi Shui drained, inspection has or not leak, then clean up the pond with quicklime, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the rear 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is the fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d; Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg after drug effect disappears;
Seedling is selected: yellow finless eel or golden yellow stigma eel that the swamp eel seedling is tamed with artificial culture, can not with variegated eel seedling and by the domestication the eel seedling, 50～80 every kilogram of swamp eel seedling sizes, breeding density is generally put 1～1.5 kilogram of eel seedling with every square metre, and swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed after 20 days and throws in the loach seedling in 1: 10 ratio; The eel kind is put front usefulness 4% saline solution sterilization in a suitable place to breed and was soaked rolling, serious should the rejecting of jumping in salt solution 8 minutes;
Feedstuff feeding: at first install feed table, feed table is done all right with plank or plastic plate, area is made by oneself by the pond size, be lower than 5 centimetres of the waters surface, do not throw something and feed in initial 3 days behind the input swamp eel seedling, allow the swamp eel control environment, since the 4th day feed of throwing something and feeding, throwing something and feeding to the eel kind should be take fresh and alive animal feed as main, hold concurrently and feed some plant feeds, feed mainly contains small fish, shrimp, earthworm, spiral shell, fly maggot, bright silkworm chrysalis, tankage, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, green vegetables, duckweed, the eel compound feed of also can throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed and will be adhered to regularly: through the swamp eel of raising and train, generally in the morning 8～9 o'clock, o'clock throw something and feed in afternoon 4～5, to increase its food ration, promote growth; Quantitatively: swamp eel property is voracious, many foods can be swollen dead, therefore, feeding volume is 2%～3% of swamp eel gross weight every day when beginning to throw something and feed, and is increased to later on 4%～6%, after throwing something and feeding the previous day, to observe its food situation morning next day, feeding volume then is described just in time without killing and devouring, kills and devour and illustrate that then feeding volume is excessive, the capable of regulating feeding volume; Decide matter: feed is necessarily fresh, guards against rotten; The location: feed will be thrown place fixing in the eel pond, allows swamp eel form the custom of fixed point food, and loach natural propagation is fast, and pond loach ratio added hello 1 wheat bran every day and gets final product greater than 1: 10 o'clock;
Daily management: run Chi Shui well, water level generally remains on about 10 centimetres, and water is crossed and deeply can be affected the breathing of swamp eel and look for food, and residual bait will in time be pulled out in the pond, and the in good time new water of filling as the case may be; Carry out reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention and warming antifreeze work: the preference temperature of swamp eel growth is 15～28 ℃, when water temperature is raised to more than 28 ℃, can in the pond, put a little water lettuces or weter hyacinth, but area can not surpass 1/3 of pond face, if water temperature surpasses 30 ℃, the new water of should in time annotating, handy underground water cooling, once can not add dilutional hyponatremia, in order to avoid excessive temperature differentials causes swamp eel dead, when water temperature drops to 15 ℃ of left and right sides, be before swamp eel enters the winter, the high-quality feed of should throwing something and feeding makes it plump and sturdy, improves cold tolerance, after water temperature drops to below 10 ℃, in time drain Chi Shui, bedding straw on bed mud is avoided the swamp eel frostbite; The running check osculum is in case swamp eel escapes; In time pluck too much floating leaf and old and feeble leave morning autumn, to keep the lotus root pond ventilated.
2. this moment, every mu of lotus root pond imposed the fertilizer 50～100kg of fermentation maturity;
Disease control: red skin disease: 1. use 1 mg/litre Betagen Solution full pool spilling head; 2. mix bait with sulphathiazole and throw something and feed, the first day consumption is/100 kilograms of swamp eels of 10 grams, and consumption reduced by half in second to the 6th day; 3. soaked disease eel 10 ~ 20 minutes or smeared the affected part with 5% tincture of iodine with 2.5% salt solution; 4. use 0.05 mg/litre alum solution full pool spilling head, two days later again with the quicklime liquid water surface of splashing; Enteritis disease: 1. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels restrain or mix bait with 1 kilogram of garlic+0.5 kilogram salt and throw something and feed, every day 1 time, continuous 6 days with sulphaguanidine 10; 2. in endo-medicine, external application quicklime liquid or quaternary amine chelated iodine preparation are splashed; Putrid skin disease: per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with sulphaguanidine 10 grams, and every day 1 time, 3 ~ 6 days is 1 course for the treatment of; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait and throw something and feed with 1 kilogram of sulphoamidine 2 gram+water earthworm, are used in conjunction 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with erythromycin 25 million international units, every day 1 time, continuous 3 days; Tail: 1. in the transportation, prevent mechanical damage; 2. every cubic metre of water body is with golden toxin 25 million international units, full pool spilling head; 3. smear the affected part with 5% povidone iodine.
3. hemorrhage: 1. with the quicklime sterilization of thoroughly cleaning up the pond; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 1 kilogram of rheum officinale and throw something and feed, and every day 1 time, are used in conjunction 3 ~ 5 days; 3. every cubic metre of water body is with 25 million international units aureomycin, full pool spilling head; Capillariosis: 1. quicklime is cleaned up the pond and is killed worm's ovum; 2. per 100 kilograms of swamp eels mix bait with 90% trichlorphon, 10 grams and throw something and feed, and are used in conjunction 6 days; 3. with rhizome of cyrtomium 320 gram, schizonepeta 100 grams, caulis perllae 80 grams, margosa bark 100 grams, mix decocting, get liquid and mix bait and throw something and feed.
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| CN107691311A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for preventing swamp eel nematodiasis |
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| CN103563636A (en) * | 2013-11-09 | 2014-02-12 | 丹阳市清云农业发展有限公司 | Method for ecologically farming loaches in lotus root field |
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| CN107691311A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for preventing swamp eel nematodiasis |
| CN109197696A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-15 | 王欣 | A kind of three-dimensional polyculture method of swamp eel loach |
| CN111328514A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice field fish culture fertilizing method |
| CN111328514B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2022-07-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice field fish culture fertilizing method |
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