CN103338913A - 用于焊接可再生原料的方法 - Google Patents

用于焊接可再生原料的方法 Download PDF

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CN103338913A
CN103338913A CN2012800072367A CN201280007236A CN103338913A CN 103338913 A CN103338913 A CN 103338913A CN 2012800072367 A CN2012800072367 A CN 2012800072367A CN 201280007236 A CN201280007236 A CN 201280007236A CN 103338913 A CN103338913 A CN 103338913A
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raw materials
welding
renewable raw
strapping
welded
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CN103338913B (zh
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U·埃贝勒
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MOSCA G MASCHF
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MOSCA G MASCHF
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented mono-axially
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7379—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接单向取向的可再生原料的方法，以及根据所述方法制得的条。

Description

用于焊接可再生原料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接单向拉伸的可再生原料的方法，以及使用根据本发明的方法制得的捆扎带。
背景技术
在20世纪90年代中期，开发了由可再生原料制得的拉伸产品，如含有完全可生物降解的材料的用于包装目的的带。这些带主要含有淀粉。原则上，这些带可被焊接在一起。然而，由于淀粉较差的耐热性，这些带完全不适合用作捆扎带，因为在常用于捆扎带的拉伸载荷下焊接点断裂。由于淀粉属于多糖的事实，在那时这些带不是水解稳定的，并且在加热下具有低的尺寸稳定性。另外，极高浓度的其他组分（如聚羟基丁酸酯）与工业淀粉混合，这产生另外的缺点。那时开发的带不可用作捆扎带（参见DE29520448U1、DE29520449U1或EP0799335B1）。
DE19654030C2描述了一种织物培养载体，其中提供了由聚乙烯制得的缆线状三维网状结构。在第2栏第35行中，该聚乙烯被描述为用于自动包装机的捆扎带的典型材料。除了用于网状结构的该材料之外，所要求保护的培养载体也具有织物结构，所述织物结构待用作微生物的培养表面。该织物结构可由可降解有机物质制得（第1栏，第18行）。尽管存在清楚表示的技术目的，但本领域技术人员在那时并未想到也使用可降解有机材料作为缆线状网状结构的材料。这表明明显存在反对使用有机可降解材料用于诸如捆扎带的拉伸产品的偏见。
DE69920702T2描述了由聚乳酸制得的产品的超声焊接，所述产品未被拉伸，因此不需要满足任何拉伸强度要求。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种方法，通过所述方法，可以以使所得产品具有高拉伸强度的方式焊接经拉伸的可再生原料。
在第一具体实施方案中，本发明的目的由一种用于焊接单向拉伸的可再生原料的方法实现，所述方法的特征在于
a.至少部分由经拉伸的可再生原料提供待焊接的表面；以及
b.使用加热楔焊接、摩擦焊接、激光焊接、高频焊接或超声焊接来焊接表面。
到目前为止，几乎还没有单向拉伸的产品（如捆扎带）由可再生原料制得，因为存在这些材料机械稳定性不足和/或例如易于水解的偏见。另外，存在在可再生原料的焊接过程中发生材料的降解（这导致机械性质的劣化）的偏见。该偏见对于单向拉伸的产品更加准确，因为这些产品已被机械预拉伸，因此存在如下偏见：对于所有实际目的，由可再生原料制得的经拉伸的产品的焊接点或焊缝被视为预定的断裂点，并且在任何情况中不能经受机械载荷。出乎意料地，现在已发现，可通过加热楔焊接、摩擦焊接、激光焊接，以及尤其是通过超声焊接来焊接经拉伸的可再生原料，而同时机械性质不会显著劣化。
在步骤a）中，优选使用单向拉伸的带，特别优选地使用单向拉伸的捆扎带，甚至更优选地使用用于包装工业的单向拉伸的带。无论如何，待焊接的材料优选拉伸至少1:3。在这些材料的情况中，特别是在捆扎带的情况中，其使用通常需要高拉伸强度。由于前述偏见，到目前为止，特别地认为由经焊接的可再生原料制得的捆扎带是不可能的。
在步骤a）中，优选使用待焊接的挤出表面。相比于焊接例如织造表面，可实施特别地无缺陷的焊接，而在例如待焊接的表面之间的焊接处无气穴形成或残留。
可再生原料在待焊接的表面中的比例优选独立地为至少30wt.%，特别为至少50wt.%，特别优选为至少90wt.%。最优选地，待焊接的表面由经拉伸的可再生原料制得。
在步骤a）中，所述可再生原料优选选自脂族聚酯、聚酰胺、脂族聚酯酰胺、聚羟基链烷酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚亚烷基二醇、木质素，或含有所述化合物中的至少一者的共聚物，或者所述可再生原料选自它们的混合物或衍生物。特别优选的是可再生原料为聚乳酸和/或聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS），或它们的混合物或衍生物。因此，可首次使用超声来焊接由可再生原料制得的经拉伸的产品，这与到目前为止已知的淀粉基材料相反，所述经拉伸的产品具有特别高的水解稳定性和在加热下的高尺寸稳定性。
作为一种多糖，淀粉不仅易于水解，而且具有如下另外的缺点：例如，由淀粉制得的包装带在焊接过程中热降解，从而导致焊接点变成（可以说是）预定的断裂点。这些缺点可通过所述优选具体实施方案克服。因此，待焊接的表面的淀粉浓度也优选最多为10wt.%，特别是最多为5wt.%。现有技术已知的淀粉基包装带的另一缺点还在于，例如工业淀粉通常包含超过50wt.%的聚羟基丁酸酯。
聚乳酸优选由至少40wt.%的L-乳酸，特别是至少70wt.%的L-乳酸，特别优选至少90wt.%的L-乳酸制得。出乎意料地，实际上已经显示可获得这种特别高的结晶程度，使得这些带可被特别有效地拉伸。具有更高浓度的D酸的带显示为生成较不适于拉伸的非晶态聚合物。
待焊接的表面的宽度在例如3mm至50mm的范围内，特别是在4mm至32mm的范围内。待焊接的表面的厚度在例如0.2mm至2mm的范围内，特别是在0.4mm至1.5mm的范围内。
可再生原料的重均摩尔质量MW优选在20,000g/mol至300,000g/mol的范围内，特别地在100,000g/mol至220,000g/mol的范围内。这种可再生原料出乎意料地产生具有低脆性与高拉伸强度之间的特别有利的平衡比的捆扎带。
可含有例如0wt.%至10wt.%，特别是0.5wt.%至2wt.%的常见助剂、添加剂和其他改性剂。
表面的材料的纤维含量优选最多为10wt.%，特别是最多为1wt.%。根据本发明的捆扎带特别优选不含任何纤维。这有可能避免例如由于气穴而导致的性质的不均匀，特别是当纤维与热塑性材料一起加工时。
在步骤b）中，优选使用5毫秒至1秒之间，优选100至400毫秒之间的焊接时间。无论如何，在该步骤b）中使用0秒至3秒之间，特别是0.2秒至0.5秒之间的冷却时间。优选的焊接时间和优选的冷却时间的组合经证明是特别优选的。在其他方面，焊接方法以常规参数进行。
在步骤b）中，有利地选择具有与焊接材料相同的宽度的超声波焊头（Sonotrode）用于焊接。在步骤b）中，也有可能使用长度在1mm至100mm范围内，特别在5mm至30mm范围内的超声波焊头用于焊接。
在步骤b）中，待焊接的表面有利地在焊接过程中挤靠对板，超声波焊头和对板的完全相对的表面各自具有设置有突起的分部和平滑分部。例如，超声波焊头的表面可为肋状的，而对板的表面为平滑的。出乎意料地确定，作为结果，在焊接节点的区域中发生较不明显的待焊接的表面的变形。由于在焊接节点的区域（在所述区域中例如随后施加拉力）中的较不明显的待焊接的表面的变形，焊接节点总体上具有更高的强度。也确定了强度值从一个焊接节点到另一焊接节点较少分散，使得根据本发明的优选方法有可能产生多个具有相对较高且均匀强度的焊接节点。
在另一具体实施方案中，本发明的目的由一种通过根据本发明的方法制得的捆扎带实现，所述捆扎带的特征在于，根据DIN53504测得的撕裂强度为至少5N/mm2，特别是至少100N/mm2。
根据DIN53504的断裂伸长最大为100%，特别优选最大为50%，特别优选最大为20%。
具体实施方式
在220℃下的狭缝式模具上熔融作为L-聚乳酸的聚乳酸（来自NatureWorks的PLA聚合物4032D）的颗粒，并使用单螺杆挤出机将所述颗粒挤出通过所述狭缝式模具。将挤出物置于50℃的温度下的水浴中，随后在空气中拉伸1:4。然后将所得带在空气中固定并冷却，随后卷绕在线轴上。然后通过围绕常见的移动箱设置所得捆扎带，使得捆扎带的两端重叠2cm，从而在测试中使用所述带捆扎移动箱。使用超声焊接将捆扎带的重叠端焊接在一起。焊接时间设定为256毫秒。冷却时间设定为1秒。在其他情况中，照例选择参数。超声波焊头具有4mm的宽度和15mm的长度。表面为肋状的，肋的宽度为1mm，且肋的深度也为1mm。肋状区域的突起为圆形的。对板为平滑的。总的来说，以在拉伸之后获得厚度为0.7mm且宽度为12mm的捆扎带的方式选择制造参数，特别是用于挤出的狭缝式模具的厚度和宽度。
根据本发明制得的捆扎带具有超过145N/mm2的撕裂强度（根据DIN53504测得）。断裂伸长小于20%（根据DIN53504）。未观察到由于水解所导致的降解。所获得的捆扎带为水解稳定的。此外，所获得的捆扎带在至少加热到70℃的温度下是尺寸稳定的。
两个带的焊接节点的撕裂强度大于110N/mm2（根据DIN53504）。断裂伸长大于1%（根据DIN53504）且小于20%（根据DIN53504）。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于焊接单向拉伸的可再生原料的方法，
其特征在于
a.至少部分由经拉伸的可再生原料提供待焊接的表面；以及
b.使用加热楔焊接、摩擦焊接、激光焊接、高频焊接或超声焊接来焊接表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于在步骤a）中使用单向拉伸的带，特别优选单向拉伸的捆扎带。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于在步骤a）中，所述可再生原料选自脂族聚酯、聚酰胺、脂族聚酯酰胺、聚羟基链烷酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚亚烷基二醇、木质素，或含有所述化合物中的至少一者的共聚物，或它们的混合物或衍生物，特别地，所述可再生原料为聚乳酸或聚丁二酸丁二醇酯，或它们的混合物或衍生物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其特征在于使用由至少40wt.%的L-乳酸，特别是至少90wt.%的L-乳酸制得的聚乳酸。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在在步骤b）中设定5毫秒至1秒之间的焊接时间。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在在步骤b）中设定0至3秒之间的冷却时间。
7.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制得的可与本身焊接的捆扎带，
其特征在于根据DIN53540测得的撕裂强度为至少5N/mm2。
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