CN103283464A - Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region - Google Patents
Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in an intertidal zone of a mid-subtropical monsoon climate region. The sea vegetables are used for filtering and removing pollutants in the aquaculture wastewater, and an efficient economic plant - mariculture composite technology is formed. Meanwhile, the intertidal zone is completely used for creating excavated shrimp pond sludge which is used for padding high ridges, the sea vegetables are planted on the ridges, the sea vegetables are used for absorbing and purifying the pollutants of the shrimp pond sludge, secondary pollution caused by culture pond sludge is reduced, and therefore an efficient artificial ecosystem is formed, wherein shrimps are cultivated in a pond, and the sea vegetables are planted on pond ridges.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding wastewater under middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area and beach precondition and utilize technology, specifically the beach in middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable.
Background technology
Along with the development of culture fishery, too high owing to cultivation density, throw in reasons such as bait and excretory product increase, aquiculture waste water becomes new pollution source gradually.Nutriments such as the nitrogen in the marine culture wastewater, phosphorus are the important pollution source of body eutrophication, and the load of contiguous waters nutriment is increased year by year.Except the self-pollution of breeding water body, the ridge, the pool on the cultivating large area shrimp pool also is wasted.In short supply at arable area, culture the water pollution cause more and more under the serious situation, how utilizing breeding wastewater and culturing the ridge, the pool becomes major issue.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: utilize the breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable that is based upon the beach shrimp pool, middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area; filter pollutant in the removal breeding wastewater with sea water vegetable, thereby realization can also purify water, protect the coupling of beach environment to utilize method when efficiently utilizing beach.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: the beach in middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area utilizes the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable, comprise the shrimp pool that is used for conventional mariculture shrimp that builds on beach, and the breeding wastewater of this shrimp pool generation, comprise the following step:
(1), the ridge, the pool on the shrimp pool is selected to be higher than in the shrimp side of a pond, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool, plough deeply the ridge, pool soil, and choose weeds root and rubble in the ridge, the pool, then, get the earth on the ridge, the pool and pile up the pool dykes and dams that form the periphery at shrimp pool periphery, taking shrimp pool bed mud is tiled in centre in the dykes and dams of the pool to form the thickness that is covered in centre surface in the dykes and dams of the pool is 35-40 centimetre sediment layer, make the furrow of centre formation plantation sea water vegetable in the dykes and dams of the pool, and irrigation canals and ditches around furrow are set between the furrow of the pool of periphery dykes and dams and central authorities, irrigation canals and ditches have the discharge outlet of opening or closing outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams are higher than furrow, and furrow are higher than irrigation canals and ditches;
(2), when the April, with furrow flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, sowing, floating fine earth, the cover plastic foil, treat that seedling grows after, after morning or evening taking plastic foil off, epiphragma no longer sprays shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards later on, is limited so that ground is moistening, passed through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again in per 2 days, but the breeding wastewater height does not surpass the furrow height, then, allows moisture nature water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation after 4, is noted the mud in the timely ditch cleaning in the afternoon simultaneously;
(3), in may part the time, sea water vegetable still carried out flood irrigation 1 time in per 2 days, the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, but guarantees the flood irrigation time in the afternoon after the 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), when the June, sea water vegetable needs per 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, the breeding wastewater height does not surpass the furrow height, and natural water oozes, flood irrigation in per 8 days keeps the breeding wastewater height to be higher than at least 3 centimetres of furrow 1 time, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches before 8 of the next mornings, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5;
(5), when the July, sea water vegetable still waters the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, be limited so that ground is moistening, flood irrigation in per 5 days once, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), when the August, per 2 days of sea water vegetable pouring 1 time is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should in time carry out flood irrigation, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), when the September, sea water vegetable still watered 1 time in per 3 days, was limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), when the October, sea water vegetable does not need to irrigate;
(9), in November part the time, the harvesting sea water vegetable.
Middle subtropical zone monsoon climate of the present invention area beach utilizes the beneficial effect of the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable to be: by taking full advantage of beach, plant at the ridge, pool plantation sea water vegetable and with the pouring of shrimp pool breeding wastewater, therefore sea water vegetable can be used as biological filter membrane, effectively remove in the breeding wastewater because throwing in the pollutant that bait and shrimp excretory product produce, the pollutant that accumulates in the bed mud of the shrimp pool also can be covered on the ridge, the pool by bed mud is taken out simultaneously, absorption by soil media again, physics such as mineralising, chemical action is purified fully by soil and sea water vegetable system, and sea water vegetable is by absorbing the nutriment of culturing in the water, can reduce fertilizing amount, save planting cost, form the efficient complex technique of economic plants-mariculture, a kind of excavation shrimp pool mud that also takes full advantage of beach simultaneously and create, with shrimp pool mud raising furrow, plant sea water vegetable at furrow, utilize the pollutant of sea water vegetable absorption cleaning shrimp pool mud, reduced and cultured the secondary pollution that pool mud brings, thereby formed the high-efficiency artificial ecosystem of supporting plantation sea water vegetable on shrimp and the ridge, the pool in the pool.
Provided by the inventionly be applicable to that the kind of the sea water vegetable of said method can be glasswort.
Provided by the inventionly be applicable to that the kind of the sea water vegetable of said method can be that alkali is fluffy.
The invention provides the method that monsoon climate area, improved subtropics beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: the area of described furrow is 2 meters and multiply by 2 meters that when being convenient to the flood irrigation sea water vegetable, moisture can fully infiltrate in the furrow, reaches required soil moisture.
The invention provides the method that further improvement subtropics monsoon climate area beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: 30 centimetres of described ditch width of the channels, dark 40 centimetres, make the flood irrigation breeding wastewater can flow into the sea water vegetable growing area within a short period of time, also can discharge the rainwater because of heavy rain or heavy rain generation simultaneously fast, reduce the injury that accumulated water causes.
The invention provides the method that monsoon climate area, further improved subtropics beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the area ratio on the shrimp pool, main because be that shale breed pool dykes and dams need certain width to keep the fastness of the dykes and dams of culturing the pool, to ensure the pressure of culturing pool water body and impact, the especially typhoon season of culturing pool water body wave at ordinary times.
Below in conjunction with description of drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is further described in detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that builds on the shrimp pool, pool dykes and dams, furrow and irrigation canals and ditches on the beach among the present invention.
Fig. 2 be in the test example one Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of glasswort plant height.
Fig. 3 be in the test example one Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of glasswort dry mass.
Fig. 4 be in the test example one Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of glasswort chlorophyll content.
Fig. 5 be in the test example two Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of the fluffy plant height of alkali.
Fig. 6 be in the test example two Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of the fluffy dry mass of alkali.
Fig. 7 be in the test example two Different Irrigation Methods to the schematic diagram that influences of the fluffy chlorophyll content in leaf blades of alkali.
Be concrete test example below.
Test example one
Test material: glasswort (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.)
Experimental scheme: test site is positioned at the Longwan District Yongxing, Wenzhou City of the southeast, Zhejiang Province and encloses and cultivates southern sheet.This area belongs to the middle subtropical zone monsoon climate, about 1800 mm of average annual rainfall, and the annual evaporation discharge is 1310 mm.
Beach in this section uses conventional method mariculture shrimp, has following breed flow process and main points:
(1), the requirement of building is selected on the shrimp pool
Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is good, pollution-free, advance draining and build the pool in the place easily, preferably use and newly open the pool; Shrimp pool area should not be too big, generally at 5～10 mu, and the dark 2～2.5m in pond, the depth of water 1.2～1.5m, shrimp pool gradient 1:2; The aerator of appropriate power is preferably installed on the shrimp pool, aerator has the effect that can stir after sufficient dissolved oxygen amount and fertilising, the dispenser except guaranteeing the shrimp pool, can also make the shrimp pool form circulation and make dirt concentrate on the middle section in pond with certain flow velocity, create clean habitat for the shrimp growth as far as possible.
(2), put the preparation on the preceding shrimp pool in a suitable place to breed
Level the shrimp pool: put seedling preceding about 20 days, desilting, the arrangement shrimp pool.Level the shrimp pool after 10 days, in the pool seawater injection 10cm with 50～75kg/ mu quicklime, or 8 kilograms of/mu sterilizations of bleaching powder.Seawater injection is gone into the pool after 7～10 days, makes the depth of water reach 0.8～1.5m.Notes, discharge outlet put with 60 orders and 40 mesh sieve tulles respectively.
The water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer: every mu of depth of water 1m, execute carbonic hydroammonium 30kg, superphosphate 10kg or particle chicken manure 30～40kg cultivate food organisms, make Chi Shui be yellow green or dark brown, transparency 25～40cm, pH value about 8.0, guarantee that water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, dissolved oxygen amount is more than the 5mg/l, to be rich in nutrition.
(3), seed is put in a suitable place to breed
The specification of shrimp seedling: putting high-quality shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed is the assurance that improves survival rate and high yield.More than the best 2cm of shrimp seedling specification, general 1.2～1.5cm is not less than 0.8cm; It is lower that too little shrimp seedling is formed survival rate.
Breeding density: the shrimp seedling of stocking size 1.2～1.5cm, cultured about 90 days, calculate by 70% survival rate: it is 30000～40000 tail/mus that the intensive culture mode is put seedling density, can produce shrimp 275～330kg; Carry out high density intensive culture mode, take to take turns the method for catching, breeding density can be up to 50000～60000 tail/mus, and mu can produce the bright shrimp of 350～500kg.
Preparation before putting in a suitable place to breed: put seedling pond the previous day and will start aerator oxygenation, with the adaptive capacity that guarantees the shrimp seedling and the survival rate of forming.
(4), feeding and management
Regulating and controlling water quality: ⑴ shrimp pool water colour regulation and control: the most conventional method is by N/P ratio 20:1 dispensing nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the shrimp pool, discharge fertilizer in early days as the sheer water shrimp pool, topdressing amount is looked shrimp pool water transparency, pH value, water colour etc. and is grasped flexibly, but the jede Woche spraying fertilizer once, makes the shrimp pool keep yellow green or umbrinaceous desirable water colour.Culturing the middle and later periods, because water colour deepens, should suitably change water or execute a certain amount of zeolite powder or quicklime control water colour.When having ready conditions, should in the shrimp pool, discharge beneficial microbe as far as possible, as photosynthetic bacteria to improve water colour, water quality.⑵ shrimp pool pH value, dissolved oxygen amount, transparency regulation and control: suitable pH value is 7.8～8.5, can execute one time quicklime in per 20 days; Can pH value to occur higher culturing the middle and later periods, should be specifically noted that regulation and control, otherwise, can increase the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen, suppress the growth of shrimp.In the breeding process of this shrimp, along with the shrimp body increases, demand to the dissolved oxygen in water amount is also increasing, so, look the water quality condition intermittence and start aerator, prolong the available machine time gradually later on, need start shooting in case of necessity to culturing the middle and later periods in intensive culture and high-density breeding pond in 24 hours, to guarantee that shrimp pool dissolved oxygen amount is more than 5mg/l, shrimp pool bottom dissolved oxygen amount will can not be lower than 2mg/l more than 3mg/l.Culture the early stage water transparence and keep 25～40cm, the middle and later periods remains on 35～50cm, if less than 20cm, Ying Huanshui, adds water or executes zeolite powder or quicklime; If transparency is excessive, can impose nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Science bait throwing in: ⑴ early stage (put seedling after 15 days in) is based on biological basis bait, and intersects Steamed chicken cake, peanut press pulp, the fish gruel of boiling and the shrimp material of throwing something and feeding every day, and daily ration of feeding is 10% of shrimp weight in wet base, and 7:00 and 19:00 threw something and fed and got final product for 2 times every day.⑵ mid-term, (body long 3～10cm) was based on particle diameter 0.5～1.5mm particle shrimp material of throwing something and feeding, and the flesh of fish of smashing to pieces is once boiled in throwing in per 5 days, and daily ration of feeding is 4～7% of shrimp weight in wet base, and every day, 7:00,19:00,23:00 threw something and fed for three times.⑶ the shrimp material of later stage (the shrimp body long 10 cm more than) particle diameter 1.5～2.0mm that throws something and feeds, daily ration of feeding is 2～4% of shrimp weight in wet base, and every day, 7:00,12:00,19:00,24:00 threw something and fed 4 times, and method is evenly to throw something and feed along the limit, pond.
The flow process of utilizing shrimp pool waste water to plant is as follows:
(1), as shown in Figure 1, select to be higher than the ridge, the pool 2 on the shrimp pool 1 on 1 limit, the shrimp pool, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool 2, plough deeply the ridge, the pool 2 soil, and choose weeds root and the rubble on 2 li on the ridge, the pool, then, get the earth on the ridge, the pool 2 and pile up the peripheral pool dykes and dams 3 of 1 periphery formation on the shrimp pool, taking the shrimp pool 1 bed mud is tiled in centre in the pool dykes and dams 3 to form the thickness that is covered in centre surfaces in the pool dykes and dams 3 is 35-40 centimetre sediment layer, make the furrow 4 of centre formation plantation glasswort in the pool dykes and dams 3, and irrigation canals and ditches 5 around furrow are set between the furrow 4 of the pool of periphery dykes and dams 3 and central authorities, irrigation canals and ditches 5 have the discharge outlet of opening or closing 6 outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams 3 are higher than furrow 4, furrow 4 are higher than irrigation canals and ditches 5;
The area of single furrow 4 be 2 meters * 2 meters as the experimental plot, irrigation canals and ditches 5 wide 30cm, dark 40 cm can set up the furrow 4 of a plurality of aforementioned specifications certainly, the gross area of furrow 4 is 1 to 4 with the area ratio on the shrimp pool 1.Simultaneously, on the beach that does not have the breed pool, also set up the experimental plot identical with the front, be used for using common seawater planting patterns to do contrast: namely in being covered with the residential quarter of bed mud, to water breeding wastewater, and water seawater at the beach that does not have the breed pool.
Then, finished once foster shrimp operation with three months and be advisable, carry out twice in 1 year and support the shrimp operation between April to October, sea water vegetable is once planted operation, and the mode of utilizing of prawn pool waste water is carried out according to following steps:
(2), when the April, with furrow 4 flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, broadcast the glasswort seed, floating fine earth, the cover plastic foil, treat that seedling grows after, after morning or evening taking plastic foil off, epiphragma no longer sprays shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards later on, is limited so that ground is moistening, passed through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again in per 2 days, but the breeding wastewater height does not surpass furrow 4 height, then, allows moisture nature water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation after 4, is noted the mud in the timely ditch cleaning 5 in the afternoon simultaneously;
(3), in may part the time, glasswort still carried out flood irrigation 1 time in per 2 days, the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, but guarantees the flood irrigation time in the afternoon after the 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), when the June, glasswort needs per 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, the breeding wastewater height does not surpass furrow 4 height, and natural water oozes, flood irrigation in per 8 days keeps the breeding wastewater height to be higher than 4 at least 3 centimetres of furrow 1 time, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches 5 before 8 of the next mornings, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5; This can offer the certain nutrient component of glasswort, also can purify shrimp pool breeding wastewater simultaneously;
(5), when the July, glasswort begins to bloom, water requirement reduces gradually, but because temperature is still higher, soil evaporativeness is also bigger, therefore, glasswort is still watered the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, and flood irrigation in per 5 days once, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses furrow 4 height, and pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), when the August, glasswort is solid, water requirement is still reducing gradually, glasswort pouring in per 2 days 1 time is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should in time carry out flood irrigation, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses furrow 4 height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), when the September, the glasswort water requirement continue to reduce, glasswort was still watered 1 time in per 3 days, was limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), when the October, it is ripe that glasswort is tending towards, and do not have water requirement substantially, glasswort does not need to irrigate;
(9), in November part the time, glasswort maturation, harvesting glasswort.
Zu the common seawater pouring mode glasswort idiographic flow of planting is as follows as a comparison:
(1), behind the arrangement ridge, the pool, sets up 2 meters * 2 meters furrow, shop fixtures mud not on the furrow;
(2), after planting, adopt the seawater pouring, afternoons 4, point, was sprinkled water at every day twice;
(3), seed germination is to taking root, and after 30 days, adopts flood irrigation, once a day, the furrow water surface is advisable for dark 2 centimetres, can stop after 1 hour to emit;
(4), seedling length to 30 day, adopt flood irrigation, 2 days once;
(5), the back of blooming reduces the flood irrigation number of times, 4 days are once, the water surface is not higher than furrow, naturally infiltration;
(6), by the time the flood irrigation in back 5 days of setting seeds, the water surface is not higher than furrow, infiltrates naturally;
(7), approach when ripe, do not have water requirement substantially, glasswort does not need flood irrigation;
Harvesting when (8), ripe.
Two kinds of pouring modes of duration of test are not all applied fertilizer, and in time clear up weeds, prevent damage by disease and insect.When seedling grows to 7～10 cm, about 6 cm of strain spacing * 7 cm.In flowering stage (on July 19th, 2012), spend back 15 days and 30 days collected specimens, carry out plant height, the mensuration of dry mass and chlorophyll content.
1 mensuration project and method
1.1 the mensuration of plant height and stem foot
With tape measure amount plant height.
1.2 the mensuration of the upperground part biomass
Get the plant overground part, place the baking oven degree to complete 15 minutes at 105 ℃, dry to constant weight with 70 ℃ again.Claim biomass.
1.3 chlorophyll content
Take by weighing 0. 1 g blades, be cut into several sections respectively and put into 25 mL absolute ethyl alcohols and acetone (volume 1: 1) extract, under 25 ℃ of dark conditions, extract 24 h, measure extract at the light absorption value at 665,649 and 470 nm places, close generation method with reference to Lee and calculate chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
1.4 data are handled
Adopt SPSS software that test data is carried out variance analysis and LSD test of significance.Data result is mean value+standard deviation (mean+SD).Adopt the mapping of SigmaPlot10.0 software.
2 results and analysis:
2.1 Different Irrigation Methods is to the influence of glasswort growth
As shown in Figure 2, annotate: different lowercases are represented Different Irrigation Methods significant difference under 0.05 level among Fig. 2, down together.Compare with seawater pouring, culture the glasswort that pool bed mud plants and increased by 10.0%, 11.2% and 14.3% respectively by its plant height of breeding wastewater pouring back being covered with, all reach significance level (P＜0.05).
By changing from glasswort acrial part biomass among Fig. 3, the breeding wastewater pouring is handled its dry mass down and is respectively 1.5,1.3 and 1.3 times of seawater irrigation when July 19, August 3 and August 18, all reaches significance level (P＜0.05).Show that bed mud and breeding wastewater have promoted the growth of glasswort.
As shown in Figure 4, the breeding wastewater pouring has improved the glasswort chlorophyll content, and increases by 10.1%, 68.8% and 12.8% respectively than seawater irrigation respectively, all reaches significant difference (P＜0.05).
3 conclusions
From data as can be known, the breeding wastewater pouring can improve the chlorophyll content of glasswort, promote the plant photosynthetic capacity, thereby improved the plant height of plant, and then increased the output of plant, therefore, the method for utilizing shrimp pool waste water to plant sea water vegetable can improve the growth of sea water vegetable-glasswort, is better than seawater pouring mode.
Test example two
Test material: alkali fluffy (Suaeda salsa Linn.)
Glasswort in will testing example one replace with alkali fluffy, process of the test is all identical with embodiment one, also is provided with common seawater pouring mode and plants as a comparison group.The result of the test detection method is also identical with embodiment one.
Result and analysis: as shown in Figure 5, breeding wastewater pouring in the shrimp pool has improved the fluffy plant height of alkali.Compare with seawater irrigation, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been improved 1.09,1.06 and 1.06 times respectively when July 21, August 5 and August 20, all reaches significance level (P＜0.05).
As shown in Figure 6, July 21, August 5 and the shrimp pool on the 20th breeding wastewater irrigation in August have increased by 20.0%, 26.9% and 21.8% respectively than seawater irrigation, all reach significance level (P＜0.05).Show that breeding wastewater is irrigated and promoted the growth that alkali is fluffy.
As shown in Figure 7, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been promoted leaf chlorophyll synthetic.Compare with seawater irrigation, July 21, August 5 and the fluffy chlorophyll content of shrimp aquaculture waste water raising alkali on August 20 are respectively 20.4%, 39.9% and 89.1%.
3 conclusions
In sum, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been promoted the fluffy chlorophyll of alkali synthetic, thereby has improved the photosynthetic capacity of plant, and then has improved the growth of plant, has increased the output of plant.Therefore, utilize the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable can improve the fluffy growth of sea water vegetable-alkali, be better than seawater pouring mode.
Test example three: sea water vegetable is to the detergent power test of breeding wastewater
For trying material: glasswort (Salicornia Europaea Torr.) and alkali fluffy (Suaeda salsa Linn.)
Experimental scheme: be checking glasswort, the fluffy prawn culturing water purification of alkali ability, on May 12nd, 2011 was carried out water culture experiment in the glass greenhouse booth of base, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute Yongxing.This test is provided with Penaeus Vannmei breeding wastewater A group and seawater B group.In the plastic box of 610mm * 430mm * 370mm, inject 40L shrimp aquaculture waste water, fluffy each 12 strain of the glasswort of establiss unanimity and alkali, spacing in the rows 7 cm * 7cm, each Turnover Box is a repetition, every kind of plant arranges 3 repetitions, and the Penaeus Vannmei breeding wastewater that 1 no sea water vegetable respectively is set is as blank.Test has been carried out 30 days altogether.
1 mensuration project
1.1 measure the biomass of plant height and acrial part
When on-test and end, with tape measure amount plant height.Get the plant overground part, place the baking oven degree to complete 15 minutes at 105 0C, dry to constant weight with 70 0C again.Claim biomass.
1.2 mensuration water quality
Ammonia nitrogen in the water, nitrous acid and nitrous acid nitrogen are used Na Shi colorimetric method, Pbenoldisulfonic Acid method and spectrophotometry respectively.Phosphate content in the water is measured according to potassium peroxydisulfate-molybdenum blue (Potassium persulfater-molybdenum blue) method.
2 results and analysis
2.1 glasswort and the fluffy growing state of alkali under the different culture fluid conditions
Glasswort and alkali are fluffy all can normal growth during whole test, and through 30 days cultivation, fluffy plant height, the biomass of glasswort and alkali all changed.By table 1 and table 2 as can be known, be better than the seawater group at the plant strain growth of Penaeus Vannmei breeding wastewater group.
The growth of glasswort under the different culture fluid conditions of table 1
The fluffy growth of alkali under the different culture fluid conditions of table 2
2.2 water quality appearance change
The Penaeus Vannmei breeding wastewater of no sea water vegetable plantation was placed after 30 days, and its water body is the color and luster muddiness still, and with the H2S stink.Compared with the control, two groups of experimental group glassworts of A, B and alkali are fluffy after cultivating 30 days, and it is limpid that it cultivates back water body transparent color and luster, do not have obvious peculiar smell.
2.3 the fluffy influence to water nutrition salt overall target of glasswort and alkali
Table 3 glasswort its water quality index under different culture fluid conditions changes
Fluffy its water quality index variation under different growth conditionss of table 4 alkali
3 conclusions
According to above data as can be known, the Penaeus Vannmei breeding wastewater is cultivated glasswort and the fluffy growth that promotes plant of alkali.Simultaneously, after breeding wastewater process glasswort and the fluffy purification of alkali, the nutritive salt in the water quality obviously reduces, and illustrates that the nutritive salt in the fluffy prawn culturing waste water of glasswort and alkali has good removal effect, can improve water quality effectively.
Claims (8)
1. middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area beach utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, comprise building on the shrimp pool that is used for conventional mariculture shrimp on the beach, and the breeding wastewater of this shrimp pool generation, it is characterized in that comprising the following step:
(1), the ridge, the pool on the shrimp pool is selected to be higher than in the shrimp side of a pond, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool, plough deeply the ridge, pool soil, and choose weeds root and rubble in the ridge, the pool, then, get the earth on the ridge, the pool and pile up the pool dykes and dams that form the periphery at shrimp pool periphery, taking shrimp pool bed mud is tiled in centre in the dykes and dams of the pool to form the thickness that is covered in centre surface in the dykes and dams of the pool is 35-40 centimetre sediment layer, make the furrow of centre formation plantation sea water vegetable in the dykes and dams of the pool, and irrigation canals and ditches around furrow are set between the furrow of the pool of periphery dykes and dams and central authorities, irrigation canals and ditches have the discharge outlet of opening or closing outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams are higher than furrow, and furrow are higher than irrigation canals and ditches;
(2), when the April, with furrow flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, sowing, floating fine earth, the cover plastic foil, treat that seedling grows after, after morning or evening taking plastic foil off, epiphragma no longer sprays shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards later on, is limited so that ground is moistening, passed through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again in per 2 days, but the breeding wastewater height does not surpass the furrow height, then, allows moisture nature water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation after 4, is noted the mud in the timely ditch cleaning in the afternoon simultaneously;
(3), in may part the time, sea water vegetable still carried out flood irrigation 1 time in per 2 days, the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, but guarantees the flood irrigation time in the afternoon after the 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), when the June, sea water vegetable needs per 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, the breeding wastewater height does not surpass the furrow height, and natural water oozes, flood irrigation in per 8 days keeps the breeding wastewater height to be higher than at least 3 centimetres of furrow 1 time, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches before 8 of the next mornings, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5;
(5), when the July, sea water vegetable still waters the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, be limited so that ground is moistening, flood irrigation in per 5 days once, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), when the August, per 2 days of sea water vegetable pouring 1 time is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should in time carry out flood irrigation, but the breeding wastewater height surpasses the furrow height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), when the September, sea water vegetable still watered 1 time in per 3 days, was limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), when the October, sea water vegetable does not need to irrigate;
(9), in November part the time, the harvesting sea water vegetable.
2. the regional beach of middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 1 utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, and it is characterized in that: described sea water vegetable is glasswort.
3. the regional beach of middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 1 utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, and it is characterized in that: described sea water vegetable is that alkali is fluffy.
4. utilize shrimp pool breeding wastewater to plant the method for sea water vegetable according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area beach, it is characterized in that: the area of described furrow is 2 meters and multiply by 2 meters.
5. middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 4 area beach utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, it is characterized in that: 30 centimetres of described ditch width of the channels, dark 40 centimetres.
6. utilize shrimp pool breeding wastewater to plant the method for sea water vegetable according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area beach, it is characterized in that: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the area ratio on the shrimp pool.
7. the regional beach of middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 4 utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, and it is characterized in that: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the area ratio on the shrimp pool.
8. the regional beach of middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 5 utilizes the method for shrimp pool breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable, and it is characterized in that: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the area ratio on the shrimp pool.
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