CN109328832A - The breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper - Google Patents
The breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328832A CN109328832A CN201811327057.7A CN201811327057A CN109328832A CN 109328832 A CN109328832 A CN 109328832A CN 201811327057 A CN201811327057 A CN 201811327057A CN 109328832 A CN109328832 A CN 109328832A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention, which provides, utilizes the method for the nutrient source proliferation natural bait cultivation mudskipper in prawn culturing waste water on reclaiming coastal land beach, culture efficiency is significant, simultaneously, mangrove purifies water, it is a kind of cultural method of sustainable development, utilizes the sharp contradiction between alleviation mangrove and mudflat aquaculture to provide solution for southeastern coastal areas Climacteric symptoms.Technical solution of the present invention core idea is: guarantee Mangrove Wetlands purify water effect while, exploitation is suitable for the mangrove aquaculture model of mudskipper, the economic benefit of mangrove is improved, to promote transplanting process of the mangrove to high latitude.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of high latitude mangrove area mudskipper, are exactly based on prawn culturing
The method of the mangrove high latitude transplanting coupling mudskipper cultivation of water reuse technology.
Background technique
Mangrove is one of highest ecosystem of global productive forces, is predominantly located at the torrid zone, subtropical zone bay Hekou District.Have
The important ecological functions such as coast protection, biometric safeguard diversity and region climate comfort variation, have landing field forest irreplaceable
Effect, it is also that surrounding area exports that flourishing root system, which provides feeding ground, sanctuary and habitat for hayashishita animal,
Large amount of organic.However, global especially Asian countries, the mangrove of more than half is cut down in past 50 years.China
It is no exception, the fifties in last century China mangrove area about 400-420km2, fell sharply by 1986 as 213km2.China mangrove
Woods NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is from Hainan Province Sanya (18 ° of 13 ' N) of southernmost end to Fuding City of Fujian Province (27 ° of 20 ' N) northernmost.With
Global warming, mangrove distribution also change, and in this context, expanding mangrove will also become to the plantation of more high latitude
Increase one of China mangrove area trend.It has manually been introduced a fine variety to Leqing county of Zhejiang Province (28 ° of 25 ' N) at present, 10 ° of span latitude
12′。
The reason of mangrove area atrophy, is used for aquaculture first is that being cut down, and mainly encloses pool cultivation, causes mangrove
Woods Large Scale Death.Wherein, the base culture in enclosure of Hong Kong meter Pu mangrove grow once be considered sustainable use Mangrove Habitats most at
The mode of function obtains a certain range of popularization in country in Southeast Asia.However, actually destruction early period portion is grown in the base culture in enclosure in Hong Kong
The dividend woods, excavate the mode set up in pond in woods, and nearly all base encloses the mangrove in fish pond and all there is difference
The degradation phenomena of degree.In recent years, the high ecological value of Mangrove Wetlands is increasingly realized and payes attention to.But aquaculture
Economic benefit and the ecological benefits contradiction of mangrove still have, and develop the aquaculture technology based on wetland maintenance or child care
Also it is increasingly pursued by global scholar, sums up mainly both of which, one is the woods fishing in mangrove area is comprehensive
System, both low-density shrimp crab and fish were integrated into the cultivation of mangrove system, another is that the mangrove of neighbouring farm is made
It is filter for absorbing the waste water from high density raising fish and shrimp pond.
Mudskipper Li Shu Yu Acenthogobius flavimanus suborder mudskipper section moves in estuary harbour for warm water, wide temperature, eurysaline fishes
Gulf intertidal zone mud beach and mangrove area.Because its meat flavour is delicious, it is in great demand in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, platform and Japan and other places, is a kind of city
The beach economic fish that field has a extensive future.The features such as adaptable strong, food chain is short, fish disease is few and resistance to long-distance transport.The southeast
The cultivation of coastal mudskipper is started in the 1980s, subsequent high speed development, until 2004, southeastern coast cultured area reaches
13000hm2.In recent years, Coastal beach is largely enclosed tideland for cultivation, and cultured area constantly reduces, and pond culture cost is continuously improved, and leads
Cause the decline of mudskipper economic benefit of aquaculture.Before this, Zhang Qiyong etc. once reported the mudskipper well-grown in shrimp ponds, and growth refers to
Mark and coefficient of condition are above nature beach.Therefore mangrove aquaculture model of the exploitation based on prawn culturing water reuse technology, tool
Save land, cost-saving and nutriment comprehensive utilization the features such as, meet sustainable development requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is provided and is cultivated greatly on reclaiming coastal land beach using the nutrient source proliferation natural bait in prawn culturing waste water
The method of mudskipper, culture efficiency is significant, meanwhile, it is a kind of cultural method of sustainable development that mangrove, which purifies water, for east
The sharp contradiction that southern coastal area Climacteric symptoms utilize and alleviate between mangrove and mudflat aquaculture provides solution.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
(1), in Muddy Bottoms or aleuritic texture mud Climacteric symptoms area, the impurity of Coastal Area, smooth depression and Gou Keng are removed, so
Make the ridge in surrounding afterwards, the ditching canal on the inside of the ridge, timing is dredged, the trunk gutter of North and South direction is dug in Coastal Area middle position,
Trunk gutter north and south both ends setting opening and closing water valve, the irrigation canals and ditches of surrounding are communicated with trunk gutter, and trunk gutter and a high position are supported
The water outlet of shrimp ponds communicates, January, empties Coastal Area ponding, turns over Coastal Area, and Coastal Area dries 18-22 days, irrigates nature sea
Water drains water after impregnating, and site preparation makees ridge, and ridge is in south-north direction, and 1.1-1.2 meters of ridge face width, and ridge face will be compacted, ridge a height of 0.1
- 0.25 meter of rice, furrow is 0.15 meter -0.2 meter deep, and furrow is communicated with irrigation canals and ditches；
(2), 2 month 1.0 meters -1.2 meters high of 3 ages health seedling strain is selected, to ridge face, the same day collects seedling works as band ball transplanting
It plants seedlings, and the line space of 3 ages mangrove seedling strain is 0.8-1.2 meters, and strain spacing is 0.5 meter -0.7 meter, and is laid with bottom in furrow and increases
Oxygen hose, increasing dissolved oxygen content in water body terminates at interval of oxygenation in 3 hours 1 hour in the prawn culturing of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool
Afterwards, shrimp pool water is drained, the bacillus subtilis after activation of splashing, while drying processing, then rolled, ground, i.e., as organic
Fertilizer is spare；
(3), the shrimp pond sludge of step (2) processing is spilt toward ridge face upper berth March, irrigate fresh seawater, EM bacterium of splashing fermentation
Liquid keeps water level to be higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, and repeatedly dry ridge face in the morning after a week, irrigates fresh seawater and keeps water afternoon
Position is higher than ridge face, and the growing mixed element of benthic algae of splashing, EM fermented liquid 3-4 times；
(4), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated, keeps water level to be higher than 0.08-0.12 meters of ridge face, presses April
Throw-in density is that 4000-6000 tails of tail/mu launches mudskipper seed, and after two weeks, water level arranges low sunning ridge face, and dwell algae at bottom of splashing
Then the growing mixed nutritive salt of class irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.03-0.07
Rice, the growing mixed element of benthic algae of splashing replace the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool for every 5 days, dry ridge face 2 during changing water
It；
(5), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated weekly, water level is kept to be higher than 0.1-0.2 meters of ridge face May,
After water body stops 4 days, sunning ridge face 3 days spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae；
(6), the upper layer breeding wastewater of primary high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated within every 2 days, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.2- June
0.3 meter, sunning ridge face 1 day spilled once weekly the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing halves compared with step (5)；
(7), 7-8 month, every morning irrigates nature seawater to water level and is slightly below ridge face, then irrigates the upper of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool
Layer breeding wastewater to water level is higher than 0.1-0.15 meters of ridge face, and night dries ridge face, and nature seawater is replaced weekly once, and the EM that splashes
Bacterium solution；
(8), September part irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool daily daytime, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.05-
0.15 meter, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae of (5) 1/5 amount of step of splashing, night dries ridge face；
(9), it October, dries ridge face daily daytime, irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool at night, water level is kept
Higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae spilled once weekly, the amount of splashing is identical compared with step (5)；
(10), November, the morning dry ridge face, irrigate the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool afternoon, and water level keeps high
In 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, a mudskipper is caught；
(11), December, second of fishing mudskipper replace a nature seawater every 2 weeks, keep water level high after water inlet
In 0.1-0.03 meters of ridge face, and it spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing is doubled compared with step (5).
The technical solution, for main iirigation water source, is imitated with prawn culturing waste water to improve the place to go of pollutant in breeding wastewater
Fruit and processing water need to adjust irrigation volume according to seasonal variations；4-6 month, temperature increase, microbial activity enhancing, mangrove
Detergent power enhancing, ridge face water level increase to 0.3 meter from 0.03 meter, and water body swap time reduced to 2 days from 5 days；It supports in 7-8 month
It is higher to grow nutrient concentration in waste water, is diluted using nature seawater, and reduces ridge face water level to 0.1-0.15 meters, replaces one daily
Secondary breeding wastewater；9-11 month, mercury dropped, mangrove detergent power reduce, and ridge face water level is down to 0.01 meter from 0.15 meter, often
Its breeding wastewater of replacement.
Technical solution of the present invention core idea is: guarantee Mangrove Wetlands purify water effect while, exploitation
It is suitable for the mangrove aquaculture model of mudskipper, improves the economic benefit of mangrove, to promotes mangrove to high latitude
Transplanting process.
The effect of mangrove is divided into three aspects, and prop root and pneumathodium and the deposit of one side autumn eggplant form soft
Matrix provides habitat for mudskipper；Secondly, mangrove Litter-fall enters food web with debris form, dwell microalgae etc. the bottom of together with
Food source abundant is provided for mudskipper；Third, Mangrove Wetlands effectively purify prawn culturing waste water, in favor of seawater
Recycle.
Technical effect of the invention is as described below: 1, using shrimp pond sludge be base manure, addition microorganism formulation, microelement and
Vitamin configures the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, which can promote benthic algae fast-growth, while to mudskipper
Growth has no toxic side effect；2, prawn high-elevation breeding pond waste water is main iirigation water source, purifies through Mangrove Wetlands, can reduce offshore
Waters polluted by nitrogen, and improve the utilization rate of prawn feed；3, mangrove is planted, the Scientific Approaches of biological carbon remittance have been expanded, is promoted
Littoral zone landscape effect develops carbon remittance fishery.
The present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the changes of weight of mangrove and conventional paradigm cultivation mudskipper.
Fig. 2 is the long variation of body of mangrove and conventional paradigm cultivation mudskipper.
Fig. 3 is the coefficient of condition comparison of mangrove and conventional paradigm cultivation mudskipper.
Fig. 4 is the specific growth rate of mangrove and conventional paradigm cultivation mudskipper.
Specific embodiment
Experimental design: southern piece is enclosed tideland for cultivation in Wenzhou City Longwan District Yongxing and carries out mudskipper culture experiment, which belongs to the Central Asia
Tropical monsson climate, year sunshine number in 1442-2264h, average annual rainfall is 1113-2494mm, and long-term water temperature is fitted at 6-32 DEG C
It is suitable for mudskipper to cultivate.Two mouthfuls of culture pond areas are 2 mu, and bottom of pond is flat, and shale is ooze matter, and salinity is about 10 ‰-
20‰.Make the ridge in 2 mouthfuls of culture pond surroundings, ridge face is higher than 0.6 meter of beach face, and width is 0.5 meter, and the ridge is solid water-tight.It is dug on the inside of the ridge
Width is 1.0 meters, and deep 0.4 meter of irrigation canals and ditches, after use, timing is dredged, and prevents mud from blocking.
Test tank: site preparation makees ridge, and ridge is in south-north direction, plants the autumn eggplant in 3 ages in ridge face.According to seasonal variations during test
With mangrove growing state, fining adjusts pouring mode, provides control environment condition and promotes mudskipper growth.
Compare pond: flat beach face is periodically shone pond by conventional paradigm, imposes the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, is irrigated certainly
Right seawater trains algae, cultivates mudskipper.
The detailed process that mangrove area cultivates mudskipper is as follows:
(1), in Muddy Bottoms or aleuritic texture mud Climacteric symptoms area, the impurity of Coastal Area, smooth depression and Gou Keng are removed, so
Make the ridge in surrounding afterwards, the ditching canal on the inside of the ridge, timing is dredged, the trunk gutter of North and South direction is dug in Coastal Area middle position,
Trunk gutter north and south both ends setting opening and closing water valve, the irrigation canals and ditches of surrounding are communicated with trunk gutter, and trunk gutter and a high position are supported
The water outlet of shrimp ponds communicates, January, empties Coastal Area ponding, turns over Coastal Area, and Coastal Area dries 18-22 days, irrigates nature sea
Water drains water after impregnating, and site preparation makees ridge, and ridge is in south-north direction, and 1.1-1.2 meters of ridge face width, and ridge face will be compacted, ridge a height of 0.1
- 0.25 meter of rice, furrow is 0.15 meter -0.2 meter deep, and furrow is communicated with irrigation canals and ditches；
(2), 2 month 1.0 meters -1.2 meters high of 3 ages health seedling strain is selected, keeps root system complete, band 3 autumn in age of ball transplanting
Eggplant seedling strain to ridge face, the line space of 3 autumns in age eggplant seedling strain is 0.8-1.2 meters, and strain spacing is 0.5 meter -0.7 meter, and is laid in furrow
Bottom oxygenation pipe increases dissolved oxygen content in water body, at interval of oxygenation in 3 hours 1 hour, in the prawn culturing knot of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool
Shu Hou drains shrimp pool water, the bacillus subtilis after activation of splashing, while drying processing, then rolled, ground, that is, being used as has
Machine fertilizer is spare；
(3), the shrimp pond sludge of step (2) processing is spilt toward ridge face upper berth March, irrigate fresh seawater, EM bacterium of splashing fermentation
Liquid keeps water level to be higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, and repeatedly dry ridge face in the morning after a week, irrigates fresh seawater and keeps water afternoon
Position is higher than ridge face, and the growing mixed element of benthic algae of splashing, EM fermented liquid 3-4 times；
(4), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated, keeps water level to be higher than 0.08-0.12 meters of ridge face, presses April
Throw-in density is that 4000-6000 tails of tail/mu launches mudskipper seed, and after two weeks, water level arranges low sunning ridge face, and dwell algae at bottom of splashing
Then the growing mixed nutritive salt of class irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.03-0.07
Rice, the growing mixed element of benthic algae of splashing replace the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool for every 5 days, dry ridge face 2 during changing water
It；
(5), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated weekly, water level is kept to be higher than 0.1-0.2 meters of ridge face May,
After water body stops 4 days, sunning ridge face 3 days spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae；
(6), the upper layer breeding wastewater of primary high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated within every 2 days, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.2- June
0.3 meter, sunning ridge face 1 day spilled once weekly the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing halves compared with step (5)；
(7), 7-8 month, every morning irrigates nature seawater to water level and is slightly below ridge face, then irrigates the upper of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool
Layer breeding wastewater to water level is higher than 0.1-0.15 meters of ridge face, and night dries ridge face, and nature seawater is replaced weekly once, and the EM that splashes
Bacterium solution；
(8), September part irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool daily daytime, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.05-
0.15 meter, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae of (5) 1/5 amount of step of splashing, night dries ridge face；
(9), it October, dries ridge face daily daytime, irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool at night, water level is kept
Higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae spilled once weekly, the amount of splashing is identical compared with step (5)；
(10), November, the morning dry ridge face, irrigate the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool afternoon, and water level keeps high
In 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, a mudskipper is caught；
(11), December, second of fishing mudskipper replace a nature seawater every 2 weeks, keep water level high after water inlet
In 0.1-0.03 meters of ridge face, and it spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing is doubled compared with step (5).
The EM fermented liquid of step (3) includes EM bacterium stoste, brown sugar, antiseptic sea water, ratio 1:4:800, anaerobic fermentation 7
It.
EM fermented liquid dosage is 120-150L/ mus.
The growing mixed element of benthic algae described in step (3), (4) includes sodium metasilicate, enzyme preparation, ferric trichloride, gemma bar
Bacterium activating solution, vitamin B1, Bacillus acidi lactici, vitamin B12.Bacillus activating solution is main component, decomposes base manure, is decomposed big
Molecular organic, enzyme preparation raising reaction rate, element needed for sodium metasilicate, ferric trichloride, vitamin B1 and B12 provide diatom,
Bacillus acidi lactici utilizes the organic matter of solubilised state in water body.Bacillus and Bacillus acidi lactici are compound, can effectively promote benthic algae
Abundance.
The dosage of the growing mixed element of benthic algae is sodium metasilicate 150g/ mus, 15g/ mus of ferric trichloride, enzyme preparation (2g), bud
Spore bacillus activating solution (30L), vitamin B1 (6g), Bacillus acidi lactici (5g), vitamin B12 (50mg).Bacillus activating solution is
Solution dissolves the ingredients such as ferric trichloride, enzyme preparation, vitamin, Bacillus acidi lactici, sodium metasilicate, faces with configuring, and validity period is 1 week,
Dosage is 1 barrel/mu.
Step (5), (6), (8), the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae described in (9) include shrimp pond sludge, antiseptic sea water, withered
Careless bacillus, brown sugar, weed auxin, sodium metasilicate, vitamin B1, B12, EM fermented liquid.Benthic algae growth is multiple
The microorganism formulation in nutritive salt is closed based on bacillus subtilis, decomposes the nutrient source in shrimp pond sludge, meanwhile, addition contains 80
The EM fermented liquid of multiple beneficial microorganism increases the type of probiotics in mangrove, the two composite purification breeding wastewater effect
Significantly；Add containing nitrogen of high activity, phosphorus, potassium weed auxin, the period for cultivating microalgae can be shortened, element silicon is that bottom is dwelt silicon
One of the important element of frustule wall synthesis, adds diatom sodium, cultivates advantage diatom population, and vitamin promotes the photosynthetic anti-of microalgae
It answers.
The EM fermented liquid is obtained by claim 2.
The preparation method of the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae is successively to add shrimp pond sludge 30kg, seawater 200L, withered grass bud
Spore bacillus 30g (viable bacteria amount >=2.0 × 1010CFU/g), brown sugar 10Kg, inflate and stir evenly, and ferment 48 hours, then successively add
Add weed auxin 500g, sodium metasilicate 120g, vitamin B1 6g, B1250mg, EM bacterium solution 40L.By brown sugar, bacillus
It is added in antiseptic sea water with shrimp pond sludge, ferment 48h, and the part nutriment in shrimp pond sludge is decomposed, while bacillus quantity
Rise to 2 × 108CFU/mL mixes fermentation of bacillus nutrient solution and EM bacterium activating solution, adds weed auxin, silicon
The auxiliary elements such as algae sodium, vitamin are configured as compound nutritional salt.
The activation method of step (2) described bacillus subtilis is: using the plastic barrel of 50L, adding 1/3~2/3 nature
Seawater adds bacillus culture medium, pours into seawater after heat of solution, addition bacillus subtilis (viable bacteria amount >=2.0 ×
1010CFU/g), water temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C, oxygenation activation 4 hours.
Conventional paradigm cultivation mudskipper detailed process as control pond is as follows:
(1) 1 mouthful of test tank is chosen in the same area, as control pond, 45 meters of east-west length × 30 meters wide, beach shale
Condition is identical, smooth beach, does not make ridge on beach, and " well " type ring ditch is excavated in the pool, 1.2 meters of furrow width, 0.3 meter deep；North and south
Connection drainage gate is moved towards, for daily into draining.
(2) in 3-4 month, water is drained, dries beach, solarization is cracked completely to beach face, irrigates nature seawater, and water level is kept
After 0.1 meter, one month, yellowish-brown diatom is grown to beach surface layer, mudskipper seed, throw-in density are launched at the beginning of 4 months
Consistent with test tank, putting seedling density is 5000 tails/mu, and launching specification is body long 5.48 ± 0.27cm, 2.28 ± 0.31g of weight.
It puts seedling initial stage, it is 0.15 meter that night, which keeps water level, is down to 0.05 meter daytime, and after a week, cave has been established in mudskipper, adjusts water
Position is to 0.05-0.1 meters.Cultivation drained sunning ground after one month, and only retaining circular groove has water, shone to complete cracking, irrigated nature sea
Water cultivates benthic diatom again.
(3) in 5-6 month, replacement water body is primary within every 4~5 days, and water level is maintained at 0.05~0.1 meter.After draining water, it is exposed to the sun
Beach face 2~3 days, after crack of surface layer, again into fresh seawater, meanwhile, referring to mangrove cultivation step (6), launch benthic algae
Growing mixed nutritive salt, dose are 1 barrel/mu, and fertilising is primary weekly.
(4) water level of aquaculture pond need to be increased to 0.15 meter because of level ground face high temperature in 7-8 month, shines a beach face weekly,
Awning is set up in aquaculture pond surrounding as mudskipper shading.
(5) in 9-11 month, breeding way is referring to step (3).
(6) in 11-12 month, in sunny mild weather, mudskipper is harvested throughout cylinder mould.
1 measurement item and method
1.1 autumn eggplant growth monitorings
The growth and development situation that 3 autumn eggplants are monitored during test, is April, August and December respectively, testing index is strain
High (rootstock arrives the distance between top) and base diameter (base diameter of trunk), and record the number of blade, branch amount.
The weight of 1.2 mudskippers
Every biological indicators such as the mudskipper weight (W) of measurement in two months, bodies long (L), sample number is 20 tails, length
It is measured with vernier caliper, precision 0.01mm, weight electronic balance weighing, precision 0.01g.
The monitoring of 1.3 water quality
Water quality indicator is monitored respectively at May 1 (spring), July 15 (summer) and October 1 (autumn) during test
Variation, testing index includes: ammonia nitrogen, cultured water, total nitrogen, overall suspended pellet and COD CODMn, monitoring method
Referring to " the 4th part of marine monitoring specification: sea water analysis ".
1.4 data processing
The data obtained is analyzed and processed using EXCEL and SPSS software.Wherein calculation formula is as follows: specific growth rate
(SGR)=(ln (w)-ln (w0))/(t) × 100%, coefficient of condition K=100 × (W/L3)。
2 results and analysis
2.1 autumns eggplant growth and development situation
As shown in Table 1, for the autumn eggplant in 3 ages through annual growth up to 1.5 meters of height, base diameter is 8.3 ± 1.8cm, hat width is 129 ×
102cm, the number of blade are 289.5 ± 31.5, and branch amount is 29.36 ± 3.57, are physically well developed.
2.2 mudskipper growing states
As seen from Figure 1, Figure 2, different lowercases indicate that difference is aobvious under 0.05 level between different breeding method in figure
It writes, similarly hereinafter.The basic growth indexes of fish body are mainly that weight and body are long, compare the substantially raw of mudskipper under two kinds of cultural methods
Long pointer finds the mangrove area cultural method innovated on the basis of conventional paradigm, and the culture-cycle is 8 months, compared to traditional model
Formula has increased separately 25.3%, 22.9%, 20.0% and 13.4% from mudskipper body in April to December length, and weight increases separately
124.9%, 109.4%, 92.6% and 65.1%, reach significance (P < 0.05), increasing degree becomes with individual
Big and culturing time extends and reduces.
Fig. 3 shows the situation of change of mudskipper body type indicators under two kinds of cultural methods, and coefficient of condition June is to December
There is significant difference (P < 0.05), shows that the mudskipper figure of mangrove area cultivation is more fertile, compare conventional paradigm, from
April to December, coefficient of condition increased separately 14.3%, 12.7%, 11.5% and 13.1%.
As shown in Figure 4, mudskipper speed of growth at 4~June is most fast, and the stage natural bait is sufficient, and water temperature is gradually
Rise, 15~30 DEG C be growth suitable temperature range, since mangrove area is using shrimp pond sludge as base manure, while adding vitamin, micro
The assisting growths factor such as element, microorganism formulation, therefore natural bait is abundant, the particular growth rate of mudskipper has in the 4-6 month
Significant difference (P < 0.05).With the extension of culturing time, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae is imposed in conventional paradigm, therefore
The difference of 6-12 month specific growth rate is not significant, and the lesser mudskipper specific growth rate of individual significantly greater than individual is larger
Fish body.
Table 2 lists the vehicle benefits situation of mangrove Yu two kinds of cultural methods of conventional paradigm, compares big under two kinds of cultural methods
Harvest specification, gain in weight, specific growth rate and the yield of mudskipper, the results showed that, the mudskipper specification of mangrove area harvest
For 41 tails/kg, yield is 82.7kg/ mus, and economic benefit output is 1.73 times of conventional paradigm.
1 autumn of table eggplant growth and development situation
Mudskipper culture efficiency compares under 2 two kinds of cultural methods of table
The clean-up effect of 2.3 Mangrove Wetlands prawn pool breeding wastewaters
As shown in Table 3, with the growth of autumn eggplant, the removal rate of nutriment is respectively as follows: in low concentration shrimp pond culture waste water
Total nitrogen 27.18%, nitrite nitrogen 59.65%, ammonia nitrogen 34.86%, reactive phosphate 28.89%, overall suspended pellet 48.25%,
COD CODMn16.38%., in mudskipper breeding process, with mangrove growing state, seasonal variations, bait abundance
Shrimp pool water irrigation volume is adjusted, the Optimum Hydraulic residence time, dilutes shrimp pool water concentration, mangrove clean-up effect is significant.
The clean-up effect of 3 mangrove prawn pool waste water of table
3 conclusions
From above data it is found that planting 3 autumn in age eggplants on the face of ridge, using shrimp pond sludge as base manure, periodically shrimp pool water is flooded in leaching, current year
1.5 meters of height can be grown to, growth and development is good.The cultural method of mangrove area mudskipper simulates natural Mangrove Habitats,
And mode is poured according to seasonal variations and the abundance of nutriment adjustment shrimp pool water, it is periodically dry to reveal, and impose benthic algae growth
Compound nutritional salt can be proliferated enough natural baits, therefore the body of mudskipper length, weight, coefficient of condition, the speed of growth and yield are equal
Noticeably greater than conventional paradigm, remarkable in economical benefits.Shrimp pool following table water and bed mud, through precipitating, disinfection, exposure, fermentation, as base manure
It utilizes, and upper table water introduces mangrove, adjusts shrimp pool water irrigation volume, optimization with mangrove growing state, seasonal variations, bait abundance
Hydraulic detention time dilutes shrimp pool water concentration, and mangrove clean-up effect is stronger, and it is useless which effectively reduces sea-farming
The discharge of water, ecological benefits are significant.
Claims (9)
1. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper, it is characterised in that:
(1), in Muddy Bottoms or aleuritic texture mud Climacteric symptoms area, the impurity of Coastal Area, smooth depression and Gou Keng is removed, is then existed
Surrounding makees the ridge, the ditching canal on the inside of the ridge, and timing is dredged, and digs the trunk gutter of North and South direction, trunk in Coastal Area middle position
Gutter north and south both ends setting opening and closing water valve, the irrigation canals and ditches of surrounding are communicated with trunk gutter, trunk gutter and high-order shrimp-cultivation pool
Water outlet communicate, empty Coastal Area ponding, turn over Coastal Area January, Coastal Area dries 18-22 days, irrigates nature seawater and soaks
Water is drained after bubble, site preparation makees ridge, and ridge is in south-north direction, and 1.1-1.2 meters of ridge face width, and ridge face will be compacted, a height of 0.1 meter of ridge-
0.25 meter, furrow is 0.15 meter -0.2 meter deep, and furrow is communicated with irrigation canals and ditches；
(2), 2 month 1.0 meters -1.2 meters high of 3 ages health seedling strain is selected, band ball transplanting is to ridge face, plant on the day of the same day collects seedling
Seedling, the line space of 3 ages mangrove seedling strain are 0.8-1.2 meters, and strain spacing is 0.5 meter -0.7 meter, and are laid with bottom oxygenation gas in furrow
Pipe increases dissolved oxygen content in water body, at interval of oxygenation in 3 hours 1 hour, after the prawn culturing of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool, and row
Dry shrimp pool water, the bacillus subtilis after activation of splashing, while drying processing, then rolled, ground, i.e., it is standby as organic fertilizer
With；
(3), the shrimp pond sludge of step (2) processing being spilt toward ridge face upper berth March, irrigating fresh seawater, EM fermented liquid of splashing is protected
Water holding position is higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, and repeatedly dry ridge face in the morning after a week, irrigates fresh seawater afternoon and water level is kept to be higher than
Ridge face, and the growing mixed element of benthic algae of splashing, EM fermented liquid 3-4 times；
(4), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated, water level is kept to be higher than 0.08-0.12 meters of ridge face, presses and launches April
Density is that 4000-6000 tails of tail/mu launches mudskipper seed, and after two weeks, water level arranges low sunning ridge face, and benthic algae of splashing is raw
Then long compound nutritional salt irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool, water level is kept to be higher than 0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, sprinkles
The growing mixed element of benthic algae is spilt, the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is replaced within every 5 days, dries ridge face 2 days during changing water；
(5), the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated weekly, water level is kept to be higher than 0.1-0.2 meters of ridge face, water body May
After stopping 4 days, sunning ridge face 3 days spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae；
(6), the upper layer breeding wastewater of primary high-order shrimp-cultivation pool is irrigated within every 2 days, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.2-0.3 June
Rice, sunning ridge face 1 day, spilled once weekly the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing halves compared with step (5)；
(7), 7-8 month, every morning irrigate nature seawater to water level be slightly below ridge face, then irrigate high-order shrimp-cultivation pool upper layer support
It grows waste water to water level and is higher than 0.1-0.15 meters of ridge face, night dries ridge face, and nature seawater is replaced weekly once, and EM bacterium of splashing
Liquid；
(8), September part irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool daily daytime, water level is kept to be higher than ridge face 0.05-0.15
Rice, the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae of (5) 1/5 amount of step of splashing, night dry ridge face；
(9), it October, dries ridge face daily daytime, irrigates the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool at night, water level is kept above
0.03-0.07 meters of ridge face, spilled once weekly the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, and the amount of splashing is identical compared with step (5)；
(10), November, the morning dry ridge face, irrigate the upper layer breeding wastewater of high-order shrimp-cultivation pool afternoon, and water level is kept above ridge
Face 0.03-0.07 meters, catch a mudskipper；
(11), December, second of fishing mudskipper replace a nature seawater every 2 weeks, keep water level to be higher than ridge after water inlet
Face 0.1-0.03 meters, and spilled once the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae, the amount of splashing is doubled compared with step (5).
2. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the EM bacterium of step (3)
Fermentation liquid includes EM bacterium stoste, brown sugar, nature seawater, ratio 1:4:800, and anaerobic fermentation 7 days.
3. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: EM fermented liquid dosage
It is 120-150L/ mus.
4. the breeding coupling process of according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 mangrove area mudskipper, it is characterised in that: step (3),
(4) the growing mixed element of benthic algae described in includes sodium metasilicate, enzyme preparation, ferric trichloride, bacillus activating solution, vitamin
B1, Bacillus acidi lactici, vitamin B12.
5. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: benthic algae growth is multiple
The dosage for closing element is sodium metasilicate, ferric trichloride, enzyme preparation, bacillus activating solution, vitamin B1, Bacillus acidi lactici vitamin B12.
6. the breeding coupling process of according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 mangrove area mudskipper, it is characterised in that: step (5),
(6), (8), the growing mixed nutritive salt of benthic algae described in (9) include shrimp pond sludge, antiseptic sea water, bacillus subtilis, brown sugar,
Weed auxin, sodium metasilicate, vitamin B1, B12, EM fermented liquid.
7. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the EM fermented liquid
It is to be obtained by claim 2.
8. the breeding coupling process of mangrove area mudskipper according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: benthic algae growth is multiple
Close nutritive salt preparation method be successively add shrimp pond sludge 30kg, seawater 200L, bacillus subtilis 30g (viable bacteria amount >=2.0 ×
1010CFU/g), brown sugar 10Kg is inflated and is stirred evenly, and is fermented 48 hours, then successively adds weed auxin 500g, silicon
Sour sodium 120g, vitamin B1 6g, B1250mg, EM bacterium solution 40L.
9. the breeding coupling process of according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 mangrove area mudskipper, it is characterised in that: step (2)
The activation method of the bacillus subtilis is: using the plastic barrel of 50L, adding 1/3~2/3 nature seawater, adds bacillus
Culture medium pours into seawater after heat of solution, adds bacillus subtilis (viable bacteria amount >=2.0 × 1010CFU/g), water temperature is maintained at
25 DEG C, oxygenation activation 4 hours.
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| CN103283464A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region |
| CN106171816A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of construction method of breeding pollution beach Rhizophora apiculata Blume |
| CN106259094A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 朱德苹 | A kind of method of Lobster cultivation |
| CN107836271A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-27 | 重庆秦瀚堂生态农业旅游发展有限公司 | Fish, shrimp, goose, woods, lotus root ecological cultivation method |
| CN108739565A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 华容县永兴农业发展有限公司 | A kind of lobster cultivation method that rice shrimp combines |
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