CN110731279A - method for increasing egg laying rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in greenhouse - Google Patents
method for increasing egg laying rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides methods for improving the spawning rate of artificial bionic breeding finless eels in a greenhouse, which comprise the steps of selecting finless eel parents, cultivating the finless eel parents, putting the finless eel parents in the greenhouse, spawning and incubating the finless eels, stopping feeding the finless eels in a breeding season if a small amount of foam spitting of the finless eels is found, completely covering the top and the periphery of the greenhouse with sunshade nets, spraying water for 0.5-1.5 hours above an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box every 2-4 days, artificially simulating a rain climate, promoting the finless eels to spawn, removing the sunshade nets on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse after the finless eels are completely spawned, entering a finless eel incubation stage, enabling the finless eels to naturally incubate in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box, collecting finless eels, adjusting the illumination and the artificial rain climate in the incubation stage, and promoting the finless eel breeding by promoting the breeding of the finless eels to spawning rate of more than 95%, and improving the spawning rate by times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery science application, in particular to methods for improving the spawning rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in a greenhouse.
Background
Monopterus albus (Monopterus albus) is which is a characteristic freshwater fish with very rapid culture development in recent years in China, the culture of the Monopterus albus is distributed all over the country, particularly in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the culture of the Monopterus albus becomes which is the dominant variety of freshwater aquaculture industry in the areas, in the development process of the Monopterus albus aquaculture industry, the fry is very short and is which limits the main bottleneck of the industry development, the seedlings put in at present mainly comprise wild Monopterus albus fries, the wild Monopterus finless eels are cultured, the culture survival rate is low in production, the number cannot meet the rapid development requirement of the Monopterus albus industry, the artificial breeding of the Monopterus albus fries mainly comprises an artificial bionic method for a rice field, an artificial bionic method for a greenhouse and a method for inducing spawning of a worker, the Monopterus albus finless than 95%, the artificial breeding method for producing the artificial rice field eel fries can obtain fixed number of artificial ricus albus finless than the artificial fertilized fries, the artificial breeding method for only can make up the shortage of the artificial breeding method for.
Therefore, methods for improving the spawning rate of the finless eels need to be developed, so that the artificial high-efficiency breeding production of the finless eels in the greenhouse is realized, and the problem of serious shortage of the finless eel artificial breeding fry supply at present is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides methods for improving the egg laying rate of artificial bionic breeding of ricefield eels in a greenhouse, in the greenhouse, the egg laying rate of the ricefield eels can be improved from about 50% to more than 95% in the prior art by artificially adjusting illumination and simulating a rain climate environment in the breeding period of the ricefield eels, and batch and high-quality artificial breeding of the ricefield eel seedlings can be stably provided for the ricefield eel breeding.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention aims to provide methods for improving the egg laying rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in a greenhouse, which comprise the following steps:
step 1, selecting finless eel parents;
step 2, breeding finless eel parents;
step 3, putting the finless eel parents: putting the finless eel parent into an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box in a greenhouse;
step 4, spawning and hatching of the finless eels: stopping feeding if a small amount of foam spitting and nesting of the parent eels are found in the eel breeding season, and completely covering the top and the periphery of the greenhouse with sunshade nets to provide a dark environment for egg laying and breeding of the eels; spraying water for 0.5-1.5 hours above the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box every 2-4 days, artificially simulating a rain climate, promoting the finless eel to lay eggs, removing all sunshade nets on the top and around the greenhouse after the finless eel is completely laid eggs, and entering a finless eel incubation stage, so that the finless eel is naturally incubated in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box;
step 5, collection of the finless eel fries: timely collecting eel fries to separate eel fries from parent eels.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the methods for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse, the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse are adopted, and the breeding and spawning of the ricefield eels can be effectively promoted by adjusting the illumination of the breeding stage (providing a dark environment for the spawning and breeding of the ricefield eels) and simulating the artificial rain climate environment in the step 4, so that the spawning rate of the ricefield eels reaches over 95 percent, is about 50 percent higher than that of the prior art, and is nearly times higher than that of the prior art, and batch and high-quality artificial breeding ricefield eel fries can be stably provided for the ricefield eel breeding.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The methods for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse provided by the embodiment take the Jianghan plain area as an example, and are carried out according to the following steps:
design and installation of greenhouse
The greenhouse is a plastic greenhouse, the width of each greenhouse is 8.0m, the length of each greenhouse is 40m, the arc-shaped steel frame structure of the ceiling is adopted, the shoulder height of the ceiling is 3.0m, the ceiling height is 4.0m, the ceiling and the periphery are covered by a thickened white dripless plastic film, and a sunshade net capable of being automatically folded and unfolded is arranged at a position 0.3m higher than the ceiling for sunshade and cooling in summer; in order to facilitate ventilation and cooling in summer, the films around the greenhouse adopt a manual lifting mode, 2 exhaust fans with the diameter of 1.5m and the power of 600W are installed at the outlet end of the greenhouse, a cooling water curtain is installed at the inlet end and 1.0m higher than the ground, the length of the water curtain is 7.0m, the width of the water curtain is 2.0m, and the water curtain is connected with a water pump for pumping underground well water through a pipeline; a circulation fan with the power of 500W for accelerating the air flow is arranged in the middle of the shed at a position 2.8m above the ground from an inlet to an outlet every 10 m. According to the propagation scale, the greenhouse can be built into two or more connected multi-span greenhouses.
The temperature in the greenhouse is regulated and controlled by folding and unfolding a plastic film, a sunshade net and the like, if the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds more than 32 ℃ in a sunny day, the sunshade net is used for covering the top of the greenhouse in time, the plastic film on the periphery is rolled up, particularly in the sunny days of 6 and 7 months, when the temperature is high, a discharge fan and a circulating fan are started to ventilate and cool in the afternoon, and when the temperature exceeds 37 ℃, a water curtain is used for cooling, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be below 32 ℃. In the middle ten days of 5-6 months, the plastic film of the greenhouse needs to be put down in advance to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse from dropping in cold air or rainy days.
Design and installation of artificial bionic breeding finless eel facility
The artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is a customized high-pressure-resistant polyethylene plastic box, is rectangular, is 1.0m long, 0.8m wide and 0.6m high, is provided with drain holes with the diameter of 3.3cm at the position 40cm higher than the bottom of the box at the end of the box, and is provided with a control valve .
The daily water exchange amount in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is preferably controlled to be 2-3 times, the water level in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is kept about 10cm and is controlled by a control valve on a drain hole, the water outlet condition of the drain hole is checked every day, and if blockage is found, the blockage needs to be cleared in time.
The artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is arranged on a customized steel frame in two layers (or a plurality of layers) with the distance between the two layers being 1.0m, the width of the steel frame being 0.6m and the height being 1.5m, the length being determined according to the length of the greenhouse, the length of the 40m long greenhouse steel frame being 36m, the steel frame position is dug down by 0.5m, concrete is paved, drainage ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 20cm are arranged on the periphery, 5 rows of steel frames are longitudinally arranged in parallel in greenhouses, the distance between the steel frames is 0.6m, about 30 days before breeding, artificial bionic breeding finless eel boxes are arranged on the upper layer and the lower layer of the steel frames and are arranged next to ones.
Soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled in each artificial bionic breeding finless eel box, the soil is rich in organic matters, before the artificial bionic breeding finless eel boxes are placed, the artificial bionic breeding finless eel boxes need to be insolated for more than 1 month to form dry mud, and the dry mud is manually smashed and then mixed with medicines for disinfection so as to avoid bringing germs and parasites. After soil is paved at the bottom of the box, water is put into the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box to soak the soil for more than 5 days, submerged plants such as water crisps and the like which occupy about 1/3 of the area of the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box are transplanted into each box, the ecological environment of wild breeding of finless eels is simulated, and 2-3 bags of water hyacinth (commonly called water hyacinth) are planted in a floating mode for collecting finless eel seedlings.
Cultivation of ricefield eel parent
The breeding of finless eel parent is divided into 3 stages:
the th stage is a parent breeding stage in 7-11 months, and the breeding method in the stage is that pond net cage breeding is adopted, and parent stocking density is 2-5 kg/m2The feed is a mixture of animal bait and compound feed; the ratio of the animal feed (wet weight) to the compound feed (dry weight) is 4-5: 1, selecting tubificidae, earthworm or silver carp minced fillet as the animal bait; the daily feeding amount is 8 to 10 percent of the weight of the finless eel; and stopping feeding the parents when the water temperature is reduced to below 15 ℃ in the middle ten days of 11 months, and naturally overwintering the parents in the pond net cage. The compound feed is special for the finless eel, mainly comprises fish meal, flour, corn, compound vitamins, mineral substances and the like, and the protein content of the compound feed is 40-42%.
The second stage is a cultivation stage after overwintering and before the finless eel parent is transferred into an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box. The cultivation method at this stage comprises: the ricefield eel is fed again when the water temperature rises and is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃ from winter to 4 months and the temperature is stable, and the feed is fed by adopting a mixture of animal feed and compound feed; the ratio of animal feed (wet weight) to compound feed (dry weight) is 2: 1, selecting water earthworms or earthworms as animal baits; the daily feeding amount is 8 to 10 percent of the weight of the finless eel; stopping feeding 3 days before the eel is ready to be transferred into an artificial bionic breeding box.
The third stage is an enhanced cultivation stage after the finless eel parents are transferred into an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box from the pond net cage. The cultivation method at this stage comprises: and after the finless eel parents are transferred into the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box from the pond cultivation net box, feeding the finless eel in the next day, wherein the feed is all animal baits, earthworms or tubificidae are selected, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 10-12% of the weight of the finless eel, and the feeding is stopped until part of the finless eel parents start nesting.
Fourth, putting of finless eel parents
Selecting a clear day in the last ten days of 5 months, and putting parent finless eel, wherein female finless eels select individuals with the body length of 30-40 cm and the weight of 75-100 g; the male parent eel is 40-50 cm long and 100-150 g in weight; 2 female eels and 2 male eels are stocking in each breeding box, and the putting proportion of the female parent and the male parent is 1: 1.
spawning and hatching of finless eels
In 5 last ten days of the year in Jianghan plain, the breeding season of the eels is entered. If a small amount of foam spitted by the parent eels is found to nest, feeding is stopped, and the top and the periphery of the greenhouse are covered by the sunshade net in time, so that a dark environment is provided for spawning and breeding of the eels. And then spraying water for about 1 hour above the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box every 3 days, and artificially simulating a rainy climate to promote the finless eel to lay eggs. After the artificial environment is built for about 10 days, the breeding condition of the finless eels is observed, if the finless eels lay eggs completely, the top and the peripheral sunshade net are removed completely (if the finless eels do not lay eggs completely, the rain climate is simulated continuously and manually until the finless eels lay eggs completely, the top and the peripheral sunshade net are removed completely), and the finless eels are placed in an incubation stage.
The eel hatching is still naturally hatched in an artificial bionic breeding eel box. In the eel hatching process, the environment is kept quiet as much as possible without human interference, otherwise, the parent finless eels swallow the produced eggs into the mouth.
Sixthly, collecting the finless eel fries:
at the water temperature of 28-30 ℃, eel fries can be naturally hatched for 7-10 days, a larger egg yolk sac is arranged just after the eel fries are hatched, the eel fries are attached to the root hairs of the water hyacinth in a group to grow and develop before the egg yolk sacs disappear after the eel fries are hatched, the eel fries are collected timely after the egg yolk sacs disappear, and the eel fries are separated from parent eels in time.
Example 2
The method is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the steps of spawning and hatching of the finless eels are not , and specifically comprises the steps of spawning and hatching of the finless eels, stopping feeding if a small amount of foam spitted by the parent finless eels is found in the finless eel breeding season, completely covering the top and the periphery of a greenhouse with sunshade nets to provide a dark environment for spawning and breeding of the finless eels, then spraying water for 1.5 hours above an artificial ecology-simulated breeding finless eel box every 2 days, artificially simulating a rain climate, promoting the finless eels to spawn, completely dismantling the sunshade nets at the top and the periphery of the greenhouse until the finless eels are completely spawned, entering a finless eel hatching stage, and enabling the finless eels to naturally hatch in the artificial ecology-simulated finless eel breeding box.
Example 3
The method is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the steps of spawning and hatching of the finless eels are not , and specifically comprises the steps of spawning and hatching of the finless eels, stopping feeding if a small amount of foam spitted by the parent finless eels is found in the finless eel breeding season, completely covering the top and the periphery of a greenhouse with sunshade nets to provide a dark environment for spawning and breeding of the finless eels, then spraying water for 0.5h above an artificial ecology breeding finless eel box every 4 days, artificially simulating a rain climate to promote the finless eels to spawn, completely dismantling the sunshade nets at the top and the periphery of the greenhouse until the finless eels are completely spawned, and entering a finless eel hatching stage to enable the finless eels to naturally hatch in the artificial ecology breeding finless eel box.
Comparative example 1
The method is as in example 1 except that the steps of spawning and hatching of the eels are not , namely, the light in the breeding stage is not adjusted (a dark environment is provided for spawning and breeding of the eels) and the artificial rain climate environment is not simulated.
Experimental example 1
The egg laying rates of the finless eels of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were counted as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the methods for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding of the finless eels in the greenhouse provided by the embodiment of the invention adopt the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box in the greenhouse, and can effectively promote the breeding and spawning of the finless eels by adjusting the illumination of the breeding stage (providing a dark environment for the spawning and breeding of the finless eels) and simulating the artificial rain climate environment in the step 4, so that the spawning rate of the finless eels reaches over 95 percent, is about 50 percent higher than that of the prior art, is nearly times higher than that of the prior art, can stably provide batch and high-quality artificial breeding of finless eels for the finless eel breeding, has obvious breeding benefit and has very good application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1, method for improving spawning rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in a greenhouse, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting finless eel parents;
step 2, breeding finless eel parents;
step 3, putting the finless eel parents: putting the finless eel parent into an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box in a greenhouse;
step 4, spawning and hatching of the finless eels: stopping feeding if a small amount of foam spitting and nesting of the parent eels are found in the eel breeding season, and completely covering the top and the periphery of the greenhouse with sunshade nets to provide a dark environment for egg laying and breeding of the eels; spraying water for 0.5-1.5 hours above the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box every 2-4 days, artificially simulating a rain climate, promoting the finless eel to lay eggs, removing all sunshade nets on the top and around the greenhouse after the finless eel is completely laid eggs, and entering a finless eel incubation stage, so that the finless eel is naturally incubated in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box;
step 5, collection of the finless eel fries: timely collecting eel fries to separate eel fries from parent eels.
2. The method for increasing the egg laying rate of the artificial bionic breeding finless eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the macular finless eels obtained by artificial breeding are selected.
3. The method for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding of the finless eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the cultivation of the finless eels parents is divided into 3 stages:
at the th stage, cultivating with pond net cage, wherein the feed is mixture of animal bait and compound feed, stopping feeding parent when water temperature is reduced to below 15 deg.C in 11 middle of the month, and allowing it to naturally overwinter in the pond net cage;
in the second stage, the water temperature of the ricefield eels rises and stabilizes to above 15 ℃ from winter to 4 months of the next year, the feeding is resumed, all the feed is fed with animal baits, and the feeding is stopped 2 to 4 days before the ricefield eels are transferred into an artificial bionic breeding ricefield eel box;
and the third stage is that after the finless eel parents are transferred into an artificial bionic breeding finless eel box from the pond cultivation net box, feeding is started, all animal baits are used for feeding the finless eel parents, and the feeding is stopped until the finless eel parent breeding period is finished.
4. The method for improving the egg laying rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the stage, the stocking density of the parents is 2-5 kg/m2The ratio of the wet weight of the animal bait to the dry weight of the compound feed is 4-5: 1, kinds or more of tubificidae, earthworms or silver carp minced fillet are selected as the animal bait, and the daily feeding amount of the mixture of the animal bait and the compound feed is 8-10% of the weight of the finless eel.
5. The method for improving the egg laying rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the second stage, or two kinds of earthworms and tubificidae are selected as the animal baits, and the daily feeding amount of the animal baits is 3% -5% of the weight of the ricefield eels.
6. The method for improving the egg laying rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third stage, kinds or two kinds of earthworms and tubificidae are selected as the animal baits, and the daily feeding amount of the animal baits is 8-10% of the weight of the ricefield eels.
7. The method for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels box is a high-pressure-resistant polyethylene plastic box; a plurality of rows of steel frames are arranged in the greenhouse in parallel, each row of steel frames is provided with a plurality of layers, each layer is provided with the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box, and each artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is filled with solarized and disinfected soil; and placing water in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box to soak soil for more than 5 days, and transplanting submerged plants and planting eichhornia crassipes in the artificial bionic breeding finless eel box in a floating mode to simulate the ecological environment of wild breeding of finless eels.
8. The method for increasing the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the ricefield eel parents are released in sunny days of 5 months; selecting female eel with the body length of 30-40 cm and the weight of 75-100 g; the male parent eel is 40-50 cm long and 100-150 g in weight; the putting proportion of female eel parents and male eel parents in each artificial bionic breeding finless eel box is 1: 1.
9. the method for increasing the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the natural hatching process keeps the environment quiet.
10. The method for improving the spawning rate of the artificial bionic breeding of the finless eels in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, at the water temperature of 28-30 ℃, after the finless eels nest for 7-10 days, the finless eels are hatched, the egg yolk sac is not disappeared, the finless eels are clustered and attached to the roots of the eichhornia crassipes, the finless eels are collected in time, and the finless eels are separated from the parent finless eels.
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| CN201911033260.8A CN110731279B (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | Method for improving spawning rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in greenhouse |
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