CN103282670B - 泵机组 - Google Patents

泵机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103282670B
CN103282670B CN201180063988.0A CN201180063988A CN103282670B CN 103282670 B CN103282670 B CN 103282670B CN 201180063988 A CN201180063988 A CN 201180063988A CN 103282670 B CN103282670 B CN 103282670B
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motor
rotor
pump assembly
stator
commutation
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CN103282670A (zh
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乔治·布拉泽
鲁道夫·波尔策
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Grundfos Holdings AS
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Grundfos Holdings AS
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Priority claimed from DE102010051918A external-priority patent/DE102010051918A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • F04D15/0218—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/064—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F04D29/0467—Spherical bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D9/00—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel
    • G05D9/12—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel characterised by the use of electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • H02P6/182—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using back-emf in windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/182—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to stators axially facing the rotor, i.e. with axial or conical air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/10—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with arrangements for protection from ingress, e.g. water or fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H02K5/1282—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs the partition wall in the air-gap being non cylindrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1737—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/24—Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种泵机组，其具有电动机，该电动机具有定子（12）、转子（4）和设置在所述定子（12）和所述转子（4）之间的缝管（14）；以及至少一个与所述转子（4）相连接的叶轮（6），其中，所述电动机具有电机电子装置，用于所述电动机的电子换向，并且所述电动机和所述换向被设计为，在转子空间位于所述缝管（14）内部和/或所述叶轮（6）没有被充以液体的状态下，使转子停止。

Description

泵机组
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泵机组，其具有电动机和与转子相连接的叶轮，电动机具有定子、转子和设置在定子和转子之间的缝管（Spaltrohr）。这种泵机组被用作循环泵机组，特别是用于热水和非饮用水循环。这种泵机组的湿运行电动机在转子和缝管之间具有液体，即，转子在待输送的液体中运行。这意味着，当叶轮干运行并且不再输送液体时，转子空间也可以干运行。由于液体同时也可用于轴承的润滑，因此这是一种不期望的运行状态。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，对具有前述类型电动机的泵机组进行改进，使之能够避免干运行对轴承的伤害。
本发明的目的通过一种具有如权利要求1所述特征的泵机组实现。优选的实施方式由从属权利要求、以下的描述以及附图给出。
根据本发明的泵机组具有电动机和至少一个由该电动机驱动的叶轮。该电动机以公知的方式具有定子和转子以及设置在定子和转子之间的缝管，从而使转子可以在待输送的液体中运行。
根据本发明，所述电动机具有用于电动机的电子换向（Kommutierung）的电机电子装置。优选这种电机电子装置具有用于调整电动机转速的变频器。根据本发明，在此将所述的电动机和换向设计为，在转子空间在缝管内部没有充以液体的状态下，使转子停车或停止不动。替代地或附加地，将所述的电动机和换向设计为，在至少有一个叶轮干运行的状态下，转子停车或停止不动。在此可以这样选择设计方案：转子的停车只发生在叶轮干运行时、转子干运行时、或叶轮和转子都干运行时。由此可以实现：在电动机干运行时（此时在定子和转子之间没有液体存在）或在叶轮干运行时能够自动停车或不再起动。通过这种方式可以简单地避免由于缺乏液体润滑而对轴承造成伤害。
叶轮中的流体和转子空间中的流体分别提高了由于发生在叶轮中的摩擦或阻力而作用在电动机上的负载。当这种负载的一部分被去除时，电动机的运转特性将发生变化。
现在，如果对电动机和换向进行相应的设计，运转特性的变化将使转子停止不动，即，转子停车或完全不能起动。
优选将电动机和换向设计为，在转子空间在缝管内部和/或叶轮没有充以液体的状态下中断换向。这种换向的中断会使转子停车，从而使其停止不动。
如果将换向设计为，其只能在有足够的负载作用于电机上时才正确地发生，则当该负载的一部分被取消时会使换向中断。通过这种方式可以非常简单地防止干运行。在电动机的起动过程中，如果叶轮干运行和/或转子空间没有充以液体，则根据设计，电机虽然在开始可以被强制控制起动，但随后当电机进入可控运行（geregeltenBetrieb）时，换向会中断并使电机再次停车。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式，将电动机设计为球形电机，其具有隔离球冠（Trennkalotte）形式的缝管和半球形转子。在这种实施方式中，转子被安放在球形表面上并具有面向缝管或隔离球冠的外部轮廓，该外部轮廓是球形的，即具有类似于球形截面的形状。在此，理想情况下转子在该区域中的外部轮廓被设计为相对于轴承的球面是同心的。隔离球冠也相应地设计为同心的。因此转子可以围绕支承点在分离球冠内部相对于其转动轴横向摇摆。因此在本发明的思想中，将缝管看作将转子空间与定子空间分隔开的隔离元件，其可以是管状隔离元件、球冠状隔离元件或以其他方式制成的隔离元件，例如垫片。
优选转子具有由磁性材料制成的极环，在其中设置永磁转子磁极。优选这种极环在垂直于其外围扩展部的方向上的宽度基本上与相对的定子磁极的宽度相符。也就是说，定子磁极和转子磁极在它们彼此相对时上下重叠。
优选定子具有多个定子磁极对，其中每个定子磁极对由两个相邻的定子磁极组成，从而使其可以在径向方向上形成相反极化的磁场；转子具有多个沿外周分布的磁性转子磁极，并因此能够在两个相邻的转子磁极之间形成磁通。通过这种方式能够使磁通不是发生在转子的直径方向上，而是沿转子的圆周方向发生在相邻的转子磁极之间，特别是如上所述的极环之间。这使得转子可以不需要完全由磁性材料制成，并且还不必具有软磁性铁芯。因此可以构成整体上更轻的转子。这种电机类型就是所谓的短磁通路径电机。这种电机特别适用于上述根据本发明的电动机和换向的设计，从而防止干运行。
进一步优选将电机电子装置设计为，可以根据反电磁力（Gegen-ElektromagnetischeKraft）实现换向。即，在这种电机中不需要用于检测转子位置的传感器，换向所需的对转子位置的检测可以通过反电磁力实现。
优选将该电机电子装置设计为，从电机启动直至预设的转速或在预设的时间内强制控制实现换向。也就是说，在电机启动过程中不会如同在电机正常运行时所发生的那样进行受控运行。只有在预设时间之后或达到预设转速时电机才会转入受控运行，即实现受控的换向操作，从而使电机有利地以其同步转速运行。
优选将该电机电子装置设计为，其可以根据电机的当前电气数值检测电机的停止。通过这种方式将不再需要附加的传感器来检测转子是否旋转或停止。相反可以从由电机电子装置提供给电动机定子的电流和/或电压的电气参数检测到这种停止。
为了确保电动机的安全运行，进一步优选将电机电子装置设计为，其能够检测电动机的停止并在检测到的停止状态下引导新的启动过程。例如这对于下述情况是有利的：电机由于例如在由电机驱动的泵的输送管线中的气泡而要短时间地停止。但在这种情况下仍然可以通过多次启动尝试来实现安全启动。
优选将电机电子装置设计为，在一定数量的启动过程之后或在已进行了多次启动过程的预设的时间之后，在电动机重复停止后给出出错报告。此外，特别是中端后续的启动过程。例如当需要对输送管路和由电动机驱动的泵进行手动通风时这是特别有利的。因此，当要对缝管充气时，可以首先由电机电子装置顺序执行多次启动尝试。如果在缝管中只有少量的空气，则启动电机，然后通过电机的运转以及与转子相连接的泵的叶轮的运行再次向缝管中充入液体。然后再使电机转入其正常运行。但是，如果不仅是电机，而且还有例如随后的输送管路或流体管路也包含大量的空气，则可能尽管经过多次启动过程但仍然无法使电机正常运行，并且电机会再次停止。电机的电子装置在这种情况下将输出出错报告，以便进行对管路进行手动通风。
特别优选该泵机组是循环泵机组，尤其是热循环泵机组或非饮用水循环泵机组。非饮用水循环泵机组例如用在建筑物的热水供应中，以使热水在建筑物的热水管路中循环，由此可以在水龙头中始终有热水供应。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明做示例性的说明。其中，
图1示出了一种具有根据本发明的电动机的泵机组的实施例，
图2示出了定子的详细截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1以局部分解视图部分剖开地示出了泵机组的电动机2，其中，电动机2的转子4在一轴侧承载叶轮6。叶轮6在在此未示出的泵壳体内部运行，泵壳体借助于盖形螺母8与定子壳体10相连接。
电动机2是湿运行电动机，其中，在定子12和转子4之间设置隔离球冠形式的缝管14，其将转子6在其中转动的转子空间与其中设有定子12的、位于定子壳体10内部的定子空间隔开。根据本发明的电机是一种球形电机，其具有带有半球形表面的转子4。相应地，缝管14也被模制成球冠形或半球形。转子4可转动地支承在轴承球（Lagerkugel）16上。这使得转子4不仅围绕纵向轴X转动，而且还围绕轴承球16相对于转动轴X径向摆动。在此，转子4的球形表面和球冠状的缝管14彼此同心地且朝向轴承球16设置。
转子4被设计为永磁转子，并具有由磁性材料制成的极环18。转子的磁极设置在这种极环18中。极环18与定子12的极板（Polstege）20的端侧前面相对。在此，沿极环18的宽度方向上的延伸部分与极板20的前端部沿缝管14的球冠状表面在垂直于外周方向上的延伸部分大致相同。这些极板20分别携带有线圈22。线圈22的电连接件与设置在定子壳体10内部的电路板24电连接。在该电路板上安装有用于控制和使电动机换向的电机的电子装置。电路板24上的电机的电子装置由设置在连接件壳体26中的电源28供电。连接件壳体26沿转动轴X的方向看在轴侧安装在定子壳体10上。
在泵机组正常运行中向位于缝管14和转子的表面30之间的缝管14的内部空间充以液体，特别是水。缝管和转子之间的液体在该区域中导致更高的摩擦并因此导致作用于电动机上的负载部分。相应地，在叶轮6中液体的阻力会产生作用于电机上的负载。
根据本发明将电机电子装置设计为，当有足够的负载作用于电动机上时，只以电动机运行所需要的方式实现电动机的电子换向。因此可以将这种换向设计为：一旦叶轮6干运行和/或缝管中没有充以液体并因此使转子4干运行，则作用于电动机上的负载会减小至使所期望的换向不再发生的数量级。也就是说，在这样一种工作状态下电子换向将被终止，并且电动机也不再继续运行。理想情况下位于电路板24上的电机电子装置可以认识到这一点，并在这种情况下进行多次启动尝试。如果转子4在一定的时间或一定次数的启动尝试之后仍然不能进入旋转，则理想的是由电机电子装置发出出错报告并首先中断电动机的运行。
这种换向在电路板24上的电机电子装置中优选基于反电磁力实现，这种反电磁力在转子4旋转时在线圈22中感应产生。
图2示出了定子12的详细截面视图。各极板20与其线圈22连接，使得总是有两个彼此相邻的极板20形成定子磁极对32，在此，定子磁极对32的极板20在相反的方向上被磁性极化，即，一个极板20形成磁性北极N，另一个极板20形成磁性南极S。转子4的极环18同样具有交替的磁性北极和磁性南极，在这里未详细示出。由于极环18的环形结构设计，磁通不可能发生在转子的直径方向上。更确切地说，将转子4构造为，使磁通总是发生在两个相邻的转子磁极之间，即沿极环18的外周方向发生。特别优选在此配置半轴磁化。
附图标记列表
2电动机
4转子
6叶轮
8盖形螺母
10定子壳体
12定子
14缝管
16轴承球
18极环
20极板
22线圈
24电路板
26连接件壳体
28电源部分
30转子表面
32定子极对
N磁性北极
S磁性南极
X转动轴

Claims (12)

1.一种泵机组，具有：电动机，该电动机具有定子(12)、转子(4)和设置在所述定子(12)和所述转子(4)之间的缝管(14)；和至少一个与所述转子(4)相连接的叶轮(6)，其特征在于，所述电动机具有电机电子装置，其被设计成用于所述电动机的电子换向，所述电动机和所述换向设计为，在转子空间位于所述缝管(14)内部和/或所述叶轮(6)没有被充以液体的状态下，所述换向由于由转子空间中的液体而造成的负载的一部分被取消而停止，由此使所述转子停止。
2.如权利要求1所述的泵机组，其特征在于，所述电动机被设计为球形电机，其具有隔离球冠形式的缝管(14)和半球形的转子(4)。
3.如权利要求2所述的泵机组，其特征在于，这样支承所述转子(4)：使其除了转动运动之外还能够在径向方向上执行摆动运动。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，所述转子(4)具有由磁性材料制成的极环(18)，在该极环中构成永磁转子磁极。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，所述定子(12)具有多个定子磁极对(32)，每个定子磁极对由两个相邻的定子磁极(20)组成，这两个定子磁极被设计为，它们在径向方向上产生相反极化的磁场，以及所述转子(4)具有多个沿外周分布的磁性转子磁极，并且在两个相邻的转子磁极之间能够形成磁通。
6.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将所述电机电子装置设计为：根据反电磁力实现换向。
7.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将所述电机电子装置设计为：强制控制实现所述换向直至达到预设的转速或在预定的时间内强制控制实现所述换向。
8.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将所述电机电子装置设计为：能够根据电动机的当前电气数值检测电动机的停止。
9.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将所述电机电子装置设计为：能够检测电动机的停止并能够在所检测到的停止状态下引导新的启动过程。
10.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将所述电机电子装置设计为：在一定数量的启动过程之后或在预定的时间之后在电动机的停止状态下给出出错报告。
11.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的泵机组，其特征在于，将该泵机组设计为循环泵机组。
12.如权利要求11所述的泵机组，其特征在于，所述循环泵机组是热循环泵机组或非饮用水循环泵机组。
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