CN103261284B - 母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂、及使用其的环氧树脂组合物 - Google Patents
母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂、及使用其的环氧树脂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103261284B CN103261284B CN201180060717.XA CN201180060717A CN103261284B CN 103261284 B CN103261284 B CN 103261284B CN 201180060717 A CN201180060717 A CN 201180060717A CN 103261284 B CN103261284 B CN 103261284B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/621—Phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/58—Epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/182—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing using pre-adducts of epoxy compounds with curing agents
- C08G59/184—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing using pre-adducts of epoxy compounds with curing agents with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
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Abstract
本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂为由(A)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂、(B)混合物微粒子、(C)活性氢化合物、以及(D)异氰酸酯化合物而制得,所述混合物微粒子是含有50质量%~99质量%的(B-1)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂与聚胺化合物反应而得的加成改性胺、及50质量%~1质量%的(B-2)苯酚化合物的混合物微粒子。本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,可赋予环氧树脂优异的保存稳定性及加热硬化性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂、及使用其的环氧树脂组合物,特别是涉及由缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂、加成改性胺及苯酚化合物的混合物所形成的微粒子、活性氢化合物以及异氰酸酯化合物所制得的硬化性、稳定性优异的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
背景技术
环氧树脂对各种基材的粘接性优异,且以硬化剂使环氧树脂硬化而成的硬化物,由于耐热性、耐药品性、电性特性、机械特性等较为优异,因此于涂料、粘着剂、各种成型材料等方面受到广泛地使用。
一直以来,环氧树脂组合物以在使用前添加硬化剂或硬化促进剂的二液系为主流。二液系虽具有可于常温或低温下硬化的特征,但相反地有必须在使用前计量、混合,且可使用的时间短,不适合使用于自动机械等,使用条件受到限制的问题。为解决该问题,优选一液硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
为制得这样的一液硬化性树脂组合物,必须具有在室温下不反应,但具有能利用加热开始反应、硬化的性质的硬化剂,即潜在性硬化剂。作为潜在性硬化剂提出有例如二氰二酰胺、二氯酸二酰肼、三氟化硼胺错盐、鸟粪胺类、蜜胺、咪唑类等。
然而,例如混合二氰二酰胺、蜜胺、鸟粪胺类与环氧树脂而成的硬化剂,储藏稳定性虽优异,但硬化时,会有必须长时间施予150℃以上的高温的问题。
另外,虽然也广泛地采用并用它们与硬化促进剂以缩短硬化时间的方法,但会有严重损害储藏稳定性的问题。
此外,二元酸二酰肼或咪唑类虽可在较低温下硬化,但缺乏储藏稳定性。三氟化硼胺错盐虽具有优异的储藏稳定性且硬化时间短的优点,但不仅耐水性不良且具有对金属的腐蚀性等的问题。
另外,虽然有很多提案涉及用聚异氰酸酯对胺环氧基加成物等的胺为硬化剂进行表面处理而形成的微胶囊型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,但就保存稳定性、加热硬化性等的性能而言,无法令人充分满足。
例如,提出有以硬化剂为芯成分、且以热可塑性树脂为壳成分的微胶囊型硬化剂(专利文献1);环氧树脂用硬化剂(专利文献2),其是由具有1级胺基或2级胺基的化合物、和具有3级胺基而不具1级胺基及2级胺基的化合物的混合物所形成的微粉末,与异氰酸酯化合物反应所形成的环氧树脂用硬化剂;或由胺化合物与环氧化合物所合成的固体加成物的,形状为球状的环氧树脂用粉体硬化剂(专利文献3)。但它们都无法实现保存稳定性及加热硬化性。
已知技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1日本特开平9-3164号公报
专利文献2日本特开平4-314724号公报
专利文献3日本特许3098760号公报
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的第一目的为提供一种可赋予环氧树脂优异的保存稳定性及加热硬化性的环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
另外,本发明的第二目的为提供一种具有优异的保存稳定性及加热硬化性的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
技术方案
本发明人再三深入研究的结果,发现通过使用含有特定成分的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,可制得具有优异的保存稳定性及加热硬化性的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物,从而完成本发明。
换言之,本发明涉及由下述的成分(A)~(D)所得的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,以及涉及含有环氧树脂及该母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂所形成的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
(A)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,
(B)混合物微粒子,其是含有50质量%~99质量%的(B-1)使缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂与聚胺化合物反应而得的加成改性胺、及50质量%~1质量%的(B-2)苯酚化合物的混合物微粒子,
(C)活性氢化合物,以及
(D)异氰酸酯化合物。
本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,也可使前述成分(D)与前述成分(A)~(C)的混合系反应而得。
优选前述成分(A)所使用的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的氯浓度2000ppm以下。
另外,本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,优选粘度以20Pa·s/25℃~400Pa·s/25℃。
发明效果
通过本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,可制得保存稳定性及硬化性优异的环氧树脂组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂为由下述的成分(A)~(D)而制得。
前述成分(A)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,可举出例如氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚或间苯三酚等的单核多价苯酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、双酚、亚甲基双酚(双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(惯用名:双酚A)、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基枯烯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基枯烯基苯)、1,1,3-参(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫化双酚、磺基双酚、氧化双酚、酚系酚醛清漆、邻甲酚清漆、乙基酚系酚醛清漆、丁基酚系酚醛清漆、辛基酚系酚醛清漆、间苯二酚清漆或萜烯苯酚等的多核多价苯酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;双酚A-氧化乙烯加成物、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫二乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或山梨糖醇等的多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚等。
在成分(A)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中,由于氯浓度高时,所得的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的粘度变高,可操作性降低且保存稳定性亦降低,因此成分(A)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的氯浓度优选2000ppm以下。
前述成分(B)为混合物的微粒子,其是使(B-1)缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂和聚胺化合物反应所得的加成改性胺、及(B-2)苯酚化合物的混合物的微粒子。
前述缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂的例子,可举出如前述成分(A)所例示的化合物。而且,(B-1)中使用的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中,与前述成分(A)相同地,氯浓度优选2000ppm以下。
聚胺的例子,可举出如乙二胺、二乙三胺、三乙四胺、四乙五胺、六甲二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、双(4-胺基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷、二胺基二环己基甲烷、间二甲苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基砜、间苯二胺、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-胺基丙基咪唑等的咪唑类;N,N-二甲基胺基乙胺、N,N-二乙基胺基乙胺、N,N-二异丙基胺基乙胺、N,N-二烯丙基胺基乙胺、N,N-苯甲基甲基胺基乙胺、N,N-二苯甲基胺基乙胺、N,N-环己基甲基胺基乙胺、N,N-二环己基胺基乙胺、N-(2-胺基乙基)吡咯烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)哌啶、N-(2-胺基乙基)吗啉、N-(2-胺基乙基)-哌嗪、N-(2-胺基乙基)-N’-甲基哌嗪、N,N-二甲基胺基丙胺、N,N-二乙基胺基丙胺、N,N-二异丙基胺基丙胺、N,N-二烯丙基胺基丙胺、N,N-苯甲基甲基胺基丙胺、N,N-二苯甲基胺基丙胺、N,N-环己基甲基胺基丙胺、N,N-二环己基胺基丙胺、N-(3-胺基丙基)吡咯烷、N-(3-胺基丙基)哌啶、N-(3-胺基丙基)吗啉、N-(3-胺基丙基)哌嗪、N-(3-胺基丙基)-N’-甲基哌啶、4-(N,N-二甲基胺基)苯甲胺、4-(N,N-二乙基胺基)苯甲胺、4-(N,N-二异丙基胺基)苯甲胺、N,N-二甲基异佛尔酮二胺、N,N-二甲基双胺基环己烷、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二苯甲基胺基丙胺;N,N-(双胺基丙基)-N-甲胺、N,N-双胺基丙基乙胺、N,N-双胺基丙基丙胺、N,N-双胺基丙基丁胺、N,N-双胺基丙基戊胺、N,N-双胺基丙基己胺、N,N-双胺基丙基-2-乙基己胺、N,N-双胺基丙基环己胺、N,N-双胺基丙基苯甲胺、N,N-双胺基丙基烯丙胺、双[3-(N,N-二甲基胺基丙基)]胺、双[3-(N,N-二乙基胺基丙基)]胺、双[3-(N,N-二异丙基胺基丙基)]胺、双[3-(N,N-二丁基胺基丙基)]胺等。
为生成前述(B-1)加成改性胺,相对于1摩尔的聚胺而言,必须以0.25~0.75摩尔的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂进行反应,优选以0.4~0.6摩尔进行反应。
反应方法没有特别的限制,例如使具有2级或3级胺基的化合物溶解于溶剂中,然后添加少量的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,再于100℃以上进行加热而使其反应的方法。
用以使前述聚胺及缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂反应所使用的溶剂,可举出例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烯、矿油精、石脑油等的烃类;丙酮、甲基乙酮、甲基异丁酮等的酮类;醋酸乙酯、醋酸正丁酯、丙二醇单甲基乙醚乙酸酯等的酯类;甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、丁基溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇等的醇类等。
前述(B-2)苯酚化合物没有特别的限制,例如通过2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(惯用名:双酚A)或苯酚类与醛类所合成的苯酚树脂。
苯酚类的例子可举出如苯酚、甲酚、乙基苯酚、正丙基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、丁基苯酚、第3-丁基苯酚、辛基苯酚、壬基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚、环己基苯酚、苯基苯酚、氯苯酚、溴苯酚、二甲苯酚、间苯二酚、儿茶酚、氢醌、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、4,4’-硫二苯酚、二羟基二苯基甲烷、萘酚、萜烯苯酚、苯酚化二环戊二烯等,作为醛类可举出例如甲醛等。
成分(B)的混合物的粒子,通常在溶剂中使前述(B-1)及(B-2)成分加热混合后,馏去溶剂,予以粉碎而得。
此处所使用的溶剂,可举出例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烯、矿油精、石脑油等的烃类;丙酮、甲基乙酮、甲基异丁酮等的酮类;醋酸乙酯、醋酸正丁酯、丙二醇单甲基乙醚乙酸酯等的酯类;甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、丁基溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇等的醇类等。
前述(B-1)成分与(B-2)成分的混合比例,必须使(B-1)成分为50质量%~99质量%、(B-2)成分为1质量%~50质量%,优选(B-1)成分为70质量%~90质量%、(B-2)成分为10质量%~30质量%。(B-2)成分的混合比例低于1质量%时,母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的粘度变高,可操作性降低。此外,(B-2)成分超过50质量%时,由于环氧树脂的硬化温度变高,硬化性降低。
另外,(B)成分的混合物微粒子的体积平均粒径,必须为100μm以下,优选0.1~10μm。
前述成分(C)的活性氢化合物,可举出例如水、在1分子中具有1个以上的1级及/或2级胺基的化合物、及在1分子中具有1个以上的羟基的化合物。
前述的在1分子中具有1个以上的1级及/或2级胺基的化合物的例子,可举出如脂肪族胺、脂环式胺、芳香族胺等。
脂肪族胺可举出例如甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、二丁胺等的烷胺、乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、六甲二胺等的烷二胺、二乙三胺、三乙四胺、四乙五胺等的聚亚烷基聚胺、聚氧化丙二胺、聚氧化乙二胺等的聚氧化亚烷基聚胺类等。
此外,脂环式胺的例子,可举出如环丙胺、环丁胺、环戊胺、环己胺、异佛尔酮二胺等;芳香族胺的例子可举出,如苯胺、甲苯胺、苯甲胺、萘胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基砜等。
前述的在1分子中具有1个以上的羟基的化合物的例子,可举出如醇化合物与苯酚化合物等。
醇化合物可举出例如甲醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十一烷醇、月桂醇、十二烷醇、硬脂醇、二十烷醇、烯丙醇、巴豆醇、炔丙醇、环戊醇、环己醇、苯甲醇、肉豆蔻醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚等的单醇类,乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、聚丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、氢化双酚A、新戊醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等的多元醇类等。
另外,苯酚化合物等的例子,可举出如前述成分(B-1)所例示的化合物。
前述(D)成分的异氰酸酯化合物的例子,可举出如丙烷-1,2-二异氰酸酯、2,3-二甲基丁烷-2,3-二异氰酸酯、2-甲基戊烷-2,4-二异氰酸酯、辛烷-3,6-二异氰酸酯、3,3-二硝基戊烷-1,5-二异氰酸酯、辛烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖胺酸胺二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二异氰酸苯二甲酯、二异氰酸甲基四甲基苯二甲酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(3-异氰酸酯甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯)、1,3-或1,4-双(异氰酸酯甲基)环己烷、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(氢化MDI)、氢化甲次苯基二异氰酸酯等,及它们的混合物。
另外,异三聚氰酸酯型聚异氰酸酯、缩脲型聚异氰酸酯、胺基甲酸酯型聚异氰酸酯、脲基甲酸酯型聚异氰酸酯等的加成型聚异氰酸酯也可作为成分(D)而使用。
前述异三聚氰酸酯型聚异氰酸酯通过使用4级铵盐等,并使前述的异氰酸酯化合物环化且三聚化而制得。
此外,缩脲型聚异氰酸酯通过使前述异氰酸酯化合物与水等的缩脲化剂反应而制得。
另外,胺基甲酸酯型及/或脲基甲酸酯型聚异氰酸酯通过使前述的异氰酸酯化合物与单元醇及/或多元醇反应而制得。
此处所使用的单元醇的例子,可举出如正丁醇、2-乙基己醇、丁基溶纤剂、聚乙二醇单乙醚等;多元醇的例子可举出如乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四甲二醇、三羟甲基丙烷等。它们的单元醇或多元醇可单独使用,也可2种以上并用。
本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,也可由前述成分(A)、(B)及(C)的混合物与(D)成分反应而制得。具体而言,通过在成分(A)、(B)及(C)的混合系中添加成分(D),且在40~60℃下进行加热反应,通过IR确认异氰酸酯基的吸收结束后,再于40~60℃下进行熟成反应2~12小时。
各成分的掺混比例,成分(A)为50~78.9质量%,成分(B)为20~48.9质量%,成分(C)为0.1~1.5质量%,及成分(D)为1~15质量%。
此外,通过本发明所得的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,就加工性及掺混的容易性而言,优选粘度为20Pa·s/25℃~400Pa·s/25℃。
本发明的一液型硬化性树脂组合物,含有本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂与环氧树脂所形成。
本发明的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物中所使用的环氧树脂,可举出例如氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、间苯三酚等的单核多价苯酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、双酚、亚甲基双酚(惯用名:双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(惯用名:双酚A)、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基枯烯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基枯烯基苯)、1,1,3-参(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫化双酚、磺基双酚、氧化双酚、酚系酚醛清漆、邻甲酚清漆、乙基酚系酚醛清漆、丁基酚系酚醛清漆、辛基酚系酚醛清漆、间苯二酚清漆、萜烯苯酚等的多核多价苯酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;双酚A-氧化乙烯加成物、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫化二乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇等的多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、苯二甲酸、异苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、四氢苯二甲酸、六氢苯二甲酸、原亚甲基四氢苯二甲酸等的脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的环氧丙酯类及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、双(4-(N-甲基-N-缩水甘油基胺基)苯基)甲烷、二缩水甘油基邻甲苯胺等的具有缩水甘油基胺基的环氧化合物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧基环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等的环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等的环氧化共轭二烯聚合物;三缩水甘油基异氰酸酯等的杂环化合物。
这些环氧树脂可通过在末端具有异氰酸酯的预聚物而内部交联,或通过多价苯酚、聚胺、含羰基的化合物、聚磷酸酯等的多价活性氢化合物而高分子量化。
而且,在本发明的硬化性环氧树脂组合物中,根据需要可含有硬化触媒;单缩水甘油醚类、二辛基苯二甲酸酯、二丁基苯二甲酸酯、苯甲醇、煤焦油等的反应性或非反应性稀释剂(可塑剂);玻璃纤维、碳纤维、纤维素、硅砂、水泥、高岭土、粘土、氢氧化铝、膨润土、滑石、二氧化硅、微粉末二氧化硅、二氧化钛、碳黑、石墨、氧化铁、沥青物质、金属粒子、覆盖金属的树脂粒子等的填充剂或颜料;增粘剂;触变剂;难燃剂;消泡剂;防锈剂;胶体二氧化硅、胶体氧化铝等的常用的添加物。另外,也可含有二甲苯树脂、石油树脂等的粘着性树脂类。
实施例
下面,通过制造例及实施例更详细地对本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂进行说明,但本发明不受它们限制。
制造例1:微粒子A的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解2-甲基咪唑164g(2.0mol),在60~100℃下分次添加ADEKARESINEP-4100E(ADEKA(股)制,商品名,双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量190)380g(1.0mol),且进行熟成反应。然后,加热至180℃,除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点100℃的固体物(a)。将所得的固体物(a)粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的微粒子A。
制造例2:微粒子B的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解2-甲基咪唑82g(1.0mol),在60~100℃下分次添加ADEKARESINEP-4100E(ADEKA(股)制,商品名,双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量190)190g(0.5mol),且进行熟成反应后,再溶解N,N-二甲基胺基丙胺102g(1.0mol),同样地在60~100℃下分次添加ADEKARESINEP-4100E(ADEKA(股)制,商品名,双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量190)190g(0.5mol),且进行熟成反应。然后,加热至180℃,除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点90℃的固体物(b)。将所得的固体物(b)粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的微粒子B。
制造例3:混合物微粒子C的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解制造例1所得的固体物(a)480g,且加热至180℃,然后添加酚系酚醛清漆树脂(OH当量78、熔点95℃)120g。然后,以减压工序除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点100℃的固体物。将所得的固体物粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的混合物微粒子C。
制造例4:混合物微粒子D的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解制造例2所得的固体物(b)480g,且加热至180℃,然后添加酚系酚醛清漆树脂(OH当量78、熔点95℃)120g。然后,以减压工序除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点95℃的固体物。将所得的固体物粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的混合物微粒子D。
制造例5:混合物微粒子E的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解制造例2所得的固体物(b)360g,且加热至180℃,然后添加酚系酚醛清漆树脂(OH当量78、熔点95℃)240g。然后,以减压工序除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点100℃的固体物。将所得的固体物粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的混合物微粒子E。
制造例6:混合物微粒子F的制造
除使用甲酚清漆树脂(OH当量90、熔点110℃)取代酚系酚醛清漆树脂外,与制造例3相同地,制得体积平均粒径5μm的混合物微粒子F。
制造例7:混合物微粒子G的制造
在甲基丙二醇150g中溶解制造例2所得的固体物(b)240g,且加热至180℃,然后添加酚系酚醛清漆树脂(OH当量78、熔点95℃)360g。然后,以减压工序除去甲基丙二醇,制得熔点100℃的固体物。将所得的固体物粉碎,制得体积平均粒径5μm的混合物微粒子G。
实施例1
于ADEKARESINEP-4100L(ADEKA(股)制的双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量170g/eq、氯浓度600ppm)700g中,加入水6.2g与制造例3所得的混合物微粒子C300g,均匀地混合后,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)30.0g(0.34mol),在40~50℃下进行反应2小时。通过IR确认没有NCO的吸收后,在减压条件、40~50℃下进一步进行2小时的熟成反应,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例2
除使用混合物微粒子D取代混合物微粒子C外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例3
除使用混合物微粒子E取代混合物微粒子C外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
比较例1
除使用微粒子A取代混合物微粒子C外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
比较例2
除使用微粒子B取代混合物微粒子C外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例4
除使用ADEKARESINEP-4100(ADEKA(股)制的双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量190g/eq、氯浓度2,500ppm)取代ADEKARESINEP-4100L外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例5
除使用混合物微粒子F外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例6
于ADEKARESINEP-4100L(ADEKA(股)制的双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量170g/eq、氯浓度600ppm)700g中,加入丙三醇10.5g与制造例3所得的混合物微粒子C300g,均匀地混合后,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)30.0g(0.34mol),在40~50℃下进行反应2小时后,通过IR确认没有NCO的吸收后,在减压条件、40~50℃下进一步进行2小时的熟成反应,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
实施例7
于ADEKARESINEP-4100L(ADEKA(股)制的双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量170g/eq、氯浓度600ppm)700g中,加入水6.2g与以制造例3所得的混合物微粒子C300g,均匀地混合后,加入降莰烯二异氰酸酯(NBDI)34.7g(0.34mol),在40~50℃下进行反应2小时后,通过IR确认没有NCO的吸收。然后,在减压条件、40~50℃下进一步进行2小时的熟成反应,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
比较例3
除使用混合物微粒子G取代混合物微粒子C外,与实施例1相同地,制得母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂。
通过下述方法,对实施例、比较例的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的物性进行评估试验。
环氧当量
“环氧当量”指含有1当量的环氧基的环氧树脂的质量(g)。各实施例及比较例中使用的二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂的环氧当量,以JISK-7236为基准进行测定。
氯浓度
使各实施例及比较例使用的二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂在Ar/O2气体环境中进行燃烧、氧化,且在吸收液中收集所生成的氯化氢后,使用电位滴定仪,通过银离子测定氯浓度,求取环氧树脂中的氯浓度。
粘度
使用BM型粘度计测定刚制造得的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂在25℃的粘度。
熔点
使用Yanaco制的熔点测定器测定熔点。
母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的硬化性
对ADEKARESINEP-4901E(ADEKA(股)制的双酚F二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量170g/eq)100g,均匀地混合所得的母料型硬化剂120g,以DSC(升温速度10℃/分钟)进行测定。由所得的DSC的放热情况表来读取放热最大温度作为硬化温度。
母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的保存稳定性
将各实施例及比较例所得的母料型硬化剂保存于40℃的环境中,经过1个月后,使用BM型粘度计测定粘度,且计算出相对于刚制得时的粘度的增粘率。
评估方法为增粘率低于2倍的为◎,2倍以上、低于4倍的为○,4倍以上的为△,发生凝胶化的为×。
母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂的耐溶剂稳定性
对ADEKARESINEP-4901E(ADEKA(股)制的双酚F二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂:环氧基当量170g/eq)100g,均匀地混合母料型潜在性硬化剂120g,制造一液型环氧树脂组合物。
混合该一液型环氧树脂组合物100质量份与甲苯/醋酸乙酯(质量比为1/1)的混合溶剂20质量份,制作混合清漆。
关于该混合清漆,使用BM型粘度计测定与混合溶剂混合后、及在40℃下静置6小时后的在25℃下的粘度,且求取增粘率。
另外,相同地求取使用醋酸乙酯/MEK=1/1质量比的混合溶剂时的增粘率。
作为溶剂稳定性的评估方法,增粘率低于2倍的为◎,2倍以上、低于4倍德为○,4倍以上的为△,发生凝胶化的为×。
[表1]
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | |
粘度(Pa·s/25℃) | 45 | 38 | 35 | 65 | 54 |
硬化性:最大放热温度(℃) | 123 | 125 | 128 | 118 | 120 |
保存稳定性 | ○ | ○ | ◎ | △ | △ |
溶剂稳定性:甲苯/醋酸乙酯 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | △ | △ |
溶剂稳定性:醋酸乙酯/MEK | ○ | ○ | ○ | × | × |
[表2]
实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 比较例3 | |
粘度(Pa·s/25℃) | 150 | 51 | 40 | 50 | 32 |
硬化性:最大放热温度(℃) | 122 | 128 | 122 | 124 | 138 |
保存稳定性 | △ | ○ | ◎ | ○ | ○ |
溶剂稳定性:甲苯/醋酸乙酯 | ◎ | ◎ | △ | ○ | ○ |
溶剂稳定性:醋酸乙酯/MEK | ○ | ○ | △ | △ | △ |
由表1及2所示的结果可知,本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,通过与环氧树脂组合,可制得低粘度且硬化性及溶剂稳定性优异的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
而且已确认,即使是由(B-1)及(B-2)成分所形成的混合物粒子,当(B-2)成分超过50质量%时,则硬化性降低。
已确认特别是使用氯浓度为2000ppm以下的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂的环氧基加成物时,母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂本身为低粘度,还确认了通过使用该母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂本身,可制得保存稳定性优异的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
工业适用性
本发明的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,保存稳定性及硬化性优异,可提供对于制造粘着剂、糊料状组合物、薄膜状组合物、各向异性导电材料、密封材料、涂料用材料、预浸物等有用的一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物。
Claims (4)
1.一种母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,其特征在于,由下述成分A~成分D制得:
成分A:缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,
成分B:混合物微粒子,所述混合物微粒子是含有50质量%~99质量%的由缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂与聚胺化合物反应而得的加成改性胺B-1、及50质量%~1质量%的苯酚化合物B-2的混合物微粒子,
成分C:活性氢化合物,以及
成分D:异氰酸酯化合物;
其中,前述成分A所使用的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的氯浓度为2000ppm以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,其为使前述成分D与前述成分A~成分C的混合系反应而得。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂,其中,粘度为20Pa·s/25℃~400Pa·s/25℃。
4.一种一液型硬化性环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于,含有如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的母料型环氧树脂用潜在性硬化剂及环氧树脂而成。
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