CN103237529A - 热刺激装置 - Google Patents

热刺激装置 Download PDF

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CN103237529A
CN103237529A CN201180052690XA CN201180052690A CN103237529A CN 103237529 A CN103237529 A CN 103237529A CN 201180052690X A CN201180052690X A CN 201180052690XA CN 201180052690 A CN201180052690 A CN 201180052690A CN 103237529 A CN103237529 A CN 103237529A
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refrigeration
heating
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stimulation apparatus
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CN103237529B (zh
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路易斯·莫恩
奥利·布里克斯
巴德·亨里克森
英奇·克莱普斯维克
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Abstract

热刺激装置（1）包括提供电刺激的装置（19）以及提供加热及致冷的装置（19、20、21、22）。本发明还提供用于所述刺激装置的垫片，所述垫片包括加热垫片（19）、致冷垫片（20、21）以及加热和致冷组合式垫片（22）。

Description

热刺激装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热刺激装置。更具体地，本发明涉及一种能够提供加热及致冷的热刺激装置。
背景技术
本领域目前已知几种用于各种治疗应用治疗方式，包括电刺激法、热疗以及热刺激法。电刺激涉及向单一肌肉或一组肌肉群施加电流。由此造成的收缩可在增强受损肌肉、减轻水肿、缓解疼痛以及促进愈合等各方面产生效果。
许多电刺激系统限于具有两条或四条通道，因此允许仅将两个或四个垫片用于患者。垫片通常很小并通过电池供电。这会导致在治疗过程中的功率较低，由此所产生电场的治疗深度较小。现有电刺激系统产生的很浅的电场深度限制了系统性能及对患者的治疗效果。在某些系统中已尝试通过由电缆或电网电源施加较大电流来消除上述影响。然而，由于现有电刺激垫片的尺寸较小，在治疗中采用较高的功率时（即采用较大电流时），会导致患者感到疼痛或不适。
热疗具有如减轻肌肉痉挛和增强血液流通而促进愈合等多种效果，因而该疗法本身极为实用。而人们已发现联合疗法（即协同使用其他方式，如按摩、超声波和/或电刺激）比单一的热疗法更具疗效。
热刺激即为其中一种联合疗法，包括同时使用热疗法及电刺激。随着热刺激作用，在电刺激的增强、调理、镇痛和康复疗效之外还伴有热疗的康复疗效。而且，人们发现热疗法还可起到能让病人承受较大电流的功用。同未协同热疗法的电刺激相比，这种疗法所产生的电场强度更大且穿透深度更深，由此产生更积极的效果。
低温治疗也可用于不同情况的治疗，可作为治疗措施或防护措施。局部损伤或疼痛通常采用加热、冷却或二者相结合的方式来进行治疗，从而加速愈合过程。实际上，实施低温治疗包括应用利用水循环技术的降温毯或降温包。这些装置极易发生泄露，因此并不建议将它们与电动设备结合使用。
第6125636号美国专利描述了一种个人致冷和/或加热装置，所述装置包括散热构件以及珀尔帖热光伏模块，所述散热构件配合于用户部分身体的四周。第3099137号美国专利涉及一种柔性热电装置，所述装置可构成于衣服内，用于致冷或加热局部区域。第2009/0163984号美国专利申请涉及一种止痛治疗装置，所述装置包括传导构件，传导构件自装置的内表面延伸并能够从一次性或多次使用的袋包传递热、冷或震动。第2008/0140165号美国专利申请涉及一种热烤盘，所述热烤盘包括交替作用的加热和致冷部分。第3132688号美国专利涉及一种致冷和/或加热身体局部区域的热装置。
因此，本领域仍需一种更为安全有效的改进的热刺激治疗装置或方法，该装置或方法可提供应用加热和致冷的治疗。
发明内容
本发明披露一种热刺激装置，该装置包括提供加热及致冷的装置。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种热刺激装置，该装置包括：提供电刺激的装置以及提供加热及致冷的装置。优选地，提供电刺激的装置可向人或动物身体施加电刺激。优选地，提供加热及致冷的装置可向人或动物身体实施加热及致冷。根据本发明披露的不同实施例，提供加热及致冷的装置可单独实施加热、单独实施致冷或同时实施加热和致冷。提供电刺激的装置可提供加热及致冷的装置向人或动物身体实施加热、致冷或加热及致冷的同一时间向人或动物身体施加电刺激。优选地，同时实施加热、致冷和电刺激。
在一优选实施方案中，热刺激装置包括至少一个加热垫片以及至少一个致冷垫片。
优选地，所述至少一个加热垫片包括所述提供电刺激的装置和供热装置。所述至少一个加热垫片可包括顶层、与待治疗区域接触的底层以及支撑刺激装置和加热装置的第一和第二中间层。
优选地，致冷垫片包括容纳液态或气态致冷剂的装置。
在另一优选实施方案中，热刺激装置包括至少一个能够提供加热和致冷的垫片。
优选地，加热和致冷组合式垫片包括一个或多个珀耳帖元件。所述垫片可进一步包括散热装置和/或热交换装置。
优选地，根据本发明所述的垫片包括温度传感器，温度传感器连接至中心处理单元，以调节垫片的温度。优选地，温度传感器包括热电偶。
所述垫片也可设置成独立于所述热刺激装置。根据本发明的第二方面，提供一个或多个下列部件：用于如上所述热刺激装置的加热垫片、致冷垫片以及加热和致冷组合式垫片。
附图说明
下面根据附图对本发明进行进一步说明，其中：
图1是根据本发明所述热刺激装置的框图；
图2是根据本发明所述热刺激装置的不同部分的流程图；
图3是根据本发明所述热刺激装置所采用的加热及电刺激垫片图示；
图4A、4B、4C和4D是如图3所示加热及电刺激垫片的三层的俯视示意图；
图5A、5B、5C和5D是如图3所示加热及电刺激垫片的三层的仰视示意图；
图6是如图5B和4C所示层的示意图；
图7表示采用致冷垫片的根据本发明所述装置的示意图；
图8表示如图7所示致冷垫片的中间层的俯视示意图；
图9表示根据本发明所述加热和致冷组合式垫片的俯视示意图；
图10表示根据本发明所述加热和致冷组合式垫片的仰视示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，图中表示根据本发明的热刺激装置1。装置可包括显示及控制单元2（例如
Figure BDA00003129829800031
或其他适当的计算机装置）。
装置1还可包括一个或多个（优选为多达二十个）接口卡3以及可选的接口卡4。每一接口卡3均适于接纳向患者实施电刺激、加热和/或致冷的垫片40。优选地，每一接口卡3均具有其独有的中央处理单元（CPU）5。每一接口卡3均适于接收来自置于垫片中的温度传感器的反馈，温度传感器如热电偶或电阻式温度计（例如Pt1000或Pt100铂电阻温度计）。装置1可进一步包括一个或多个可选的接口卡4。例如，可选的接口卡4可采取生物电阻抗测量16，用于根据组织特性进行垫片输出的生物反馈控制，由此优化垫片的疗效。另如，可选的接口卡4可用于超声波17、激光18及射频/微波治疗。
优选地，装置由电网6供电，所有连接至接口卡3、4的附件（包括下述垫片）均可经由装置1通过供电单元（PSU）8而由电网6供电。
使用中，另一中央处理单元（CPU）7经由
Figure BDA00003129829800032
或
Figure BDA00003129829800033
连接器9接收来自显示及控制单元2的协议消息、解释这些消息并将组态设定分配至相应接口或垫片。CPU7也可接收来自接口或垫片的消息或警告信号、作用于这些消息并将状态信息发送至显示及控制单元2上的用户接口。
图2表示提供根据本发明的装置概况的流程图，下面将进一步详述每一部件。图中示出三种类型的垫片，即组合式电子肌肉刺激及加热垫片19、利用气体或液体致冷介质并结合使用散热器21的冷垫片20及利用一个或多个帕尔贴元件的致冷及加热组合式垫片22。
垫片接口卡3驱动在垫片上提供期望的电刺激脉冲所需的电流和电压。它还监控实际的电流和电压并将其限定于最大值。此外，垫片接口卡3输送加热所需的电流。极为重要之处在于个别垫片接口是电绝缘接口。倘若这些垫片接口不是电绝缘接口，电流在垫片间流动，这将导致电流通过身体。所述结构包括预设电路的限流器。
CPU5（例如微控制器）可加至每一垫片接口卡3和/或可选的接口卡4。这可允许使用采用协议的总线方案，用于与CPU进行通信。由此极大地降低了对电线的需求。这种微控制器还可监控电压/电流并适当地对其进行限制。倘若超出限制则提出警告。优选地，刺激及加热垫片接口19的正常运作是连续循环存储于RAM中的脉冲序列，直至另有指示为止。脉冲序列经由例如I2C总线下载至接口。一组命令也经由I2C使得新的脉冲序列被激活、温度值及温度状态被读出等。
图3表示本发明所述热刺激装置所采用的垫片19，适于为患者提供加热和电刺激。
倘若装置1并未具有经由垫片19中的温度传感器（如热电偶）的输入而进行温度反馈控制的内置功能，则温度控制单元25可连接至垫片19与装置1之间。垫片屏蔽电线23可装备有连接器24（例如四针连接器）并可用于连接垫片19、装置1和温度控制单元25。优选地，温度控制单元25包括LCD显示屏，以在垫片连接、垫片加热、温度设定值、达到设定值以及可能出现的任何错误或故障时发出指示。故障可由错误消息和/或利用蜂鸣器进行可视警报。所述系统可调试成在任何软件或硬件故障的情况下，通向加热垫片19的电流将被切断。
优选地，垫片包括温度反馈控制装置，例如在装置1和垫片19之间附加的温度控制单元25（如上所述）。倘若装置1具有内置的温度控制装置，则通常无需外部温度控制单元25。在这种情况下，电线23可能安装有六针连接器24，下文将进一步阐述。可选地，八针连接器可用于降低装配成本。
参照图4A至图4D和图5A至图5D，加热及刺激垫片19可包括四层，即顶层19a、第一中间层19b、第二中间层19c和底层19d。
在本申请的范围内，词语“底层”是指与患者皮肤相接触的层；词语“顶层”是指最外层（即距离患者皮肤最远的层）；词语“中间层”是指任一位于底层和顶层中间的层。词语“顶面”是指在使用中背向患者的表面；“底面”是指在使用中面向患者的表面。
优选地，顶层19a（例如参见图4A和图4B）包括绝缘的热塑性聚合物，从而电刺激及热指向患者，以便减少热损失。
优选地，第一中间层19b（参见图4C的顶面及图5D的底面）包括硅树脂聚合物、热塑层或者一个或多个柔性印制电路板（PCB）。热塑层优选为硅树脂聚合物，其原因在于硅树脂聚合物在塑模过程中更易于操作。此外，硅树脂聚合物不像热塑性聚合物一样易于黏着,因此最好在中间层19b、19c上包括一个或多个孔43，以提高顶层19a和底层19d的粘合。第一中间层19b的顶面可包括：可覆有硅橡胶的温度传感器12（例如热电偶或电阻式温度计（如Pt1000））、可用于指示正常连接至热刺激装置1的LED26以及将电线23连接至温度传感器12、刺激电极10及加热件28的连接器27（例如六针连接器）。
优选地，第二中间层19c（如图4D的顶面和图5C的底面）包括硅树脂聚合物。第二中间层19c的顶侧可包括加热件28；优选地，加热件28是粘合至表面的绞合线。一个或多个刺激导线29可粘合至第二中间层19c的底面。
底层19d（参见图5B）可包括绝缘的热塑性聚合物。底层19d的底侧可包括一个或多个（优选为两个）刺激电极10。刺激电极10可导电；优选地，刺激电极10包括导电的热塑性聚合物。每一刺激电极10电气连接至对应的刺激导线29（参见图5C），从而热刺激装置1中产生的电刺激电流可经由电极10作用于患者。
优选地，本申请中所述的垫片是通过喷铸成型预设计的塑性聚合物所制造。优选地，热塑性聚合物是用于最大程度地控制成型过程、质量（表面等）及粘接性能。优选地，两个中间层均包括多个（优选为三个）延伸孔43，以确保在成型过程中顶层19a和底层19b间正常粘接。
图6是具有第二中间层（图中未示出）和第一中间层19b的底层19d的俯视示意图。印制电路板（PCB）或软性印制电路板可设于第一中间层19b的顶面并具有LED26。在使用中，LED26通过顶层19a可视并在垫片19正常连接至热刺激装置1时进行指示。
优选地，印制电路板包括六针连接器27。连接器27的两针连接至加热件28；连接器27的两针连接至刺激电极10；连接器27的其余两针连接至温度传感器12。图6包括电线23的横截剖视图（参见左下图），电线23具有两条用于加热件28的导线、两条用于刺激电极10的导线以及两条用于热电偶12的导线。图6还包括安装有连接器的电线23的示意图（参见右下图），该连接器在成型过程中起稳定作用。聚氨酯（PU）电线23较佳，以便最大限度地粘合至垫片19，从而防止裂缝，否则可能由于水进入垫片19而造成短路。
图7是表示根据本发明的致冷垫片20、21的原理的图示。如图7所示，接口卡3与致冷垫片20、21和致冷设备30耦合。致冷垫片20、21与致冷设备30耦合。每一致冷垫片20、21均适于容纳冷却介质（在本申请中称为致冷剂）。接口卡3可对向每一致冷垫片20、21供应致冷剂进行调节。优选地，致冷设备30是在热刺激装置1的外部。致冷设备30包含气体冷却器（例如低温冷却器）或液体冷却器（例如具有恒温控制的冷却槽）。在所述两种系统中，均可由致冷设备30的冷却介质（气态或液态）通过进给管31和回流管32冲刷致冷垫片。
下面将对具有气态致冷剂的致冷设备30和致冷垫片20的一个实施例中的操作进行说明。在热力循环的起始阶段，致冷剂以液体形式存在于致冷设备30中。然后致冷剂经由进给管31被泵送至致冷垫片20。致冷剂到达致冷垫片20之后，热量从患者身体传递至致冷剂。这种热传递使身体降温并同时使致冷剂受热。致冷剂由于受热而在致冷垫片20中汽化，也就是说患者身体中的热量使致冷剂由液态变为气态。然后致冷剂经由回流管32被泵送至致冷设备30，致冷剂在回流管32中冷凝并恢复液态。散热器设于致冷设备30内，将热量从气态致冷剂中排出，以使致冷剂恢复气态并使致冷剂基本恢复至其初始温度。然后所述热力循环进行重复。致冷剂可以是氩、氮或任何其他适于达到所需身体降温程度的致冷剂。
下面将对具有气态致冷剂的致冷设备30和致冷垫片20的另一实施例中的操作进行说明。在热力循环的起始阶段，致冷剂以气体形式存在于致冷设备30中。然后致冷剂经由进给管31被泵送至致冷垫片20。致冷剂到达致冷垫片20之后，热量从患者身体传递至致冷剂。这种热传递使身体降温并同时使致冷剂受热。然后致冷剂经由回流管32被泵送至致冷设备30。致冷设备30中的散热器将热量从致冷剂中排出，使致冷剂基本恢复至其初始温度。然后所述热力循环进行重复。如同前述实施例所述，致冷剂可以是氩、氮或任何其他适于达到所需身体降温程度的致冷剂。
下面将对具有液态致冷剂的致冷设备30和致冷垫片21的操作进行说明。在热力循环的起始阶段，致冷剂以液体形式存在于致冷设备30中。然后致冷剂经由进给管31被泵送至致冷垫片21。致冷剂到达致冷垫片21之后，热量从患者身体传递至致冷剂。这种热传递使身体降温并同时使致冷剂受热。然后致冷剂经由回流管32被泵送至致冷设备30。致冷设备30中的散热器将热量从致冷剂中排出，使致冷剂基本恢复至其初始温度。然后所述热力循环进行重复。需要注意的是，使用液态致冷剂时，在循环中致冷剂的物态并未发生改变，亦即致冷剂在热力循环中始终保持液态。液态致冷剂可以是水。更优选地，液态致冷剂可以是带有添加剂（如异丙醇）的水，以防致冷剂在致冷设备30中发生冻结。优选地，根据本发明的致冷垫片20、21包括顶层、中间层及底层。顶层及底层均包括塑性聚合物（优选为“致冷塑性聚合物”）和/或使温度均匀分布的高导热性的热塑性聚合物。
中间层20a、21a包括塑性聚合物（优选为低导电性的热塑性聚合物）并具有顶面和底面。优选地，中间层20a、21a的一面（参见图8）包括经由电线23至温度传感器12的电气连接。优选地，另一面（参见图7）包括一个或多个粘合于其上的导管31、32。优选地，导管31、32是由聚氨酯构成。导管31、32与致冷设备30流体连接。
致冷垫片20、21包括温度传感器12。温度传感器12可以是热电偶或铂电阻温度计。优选地，温度传感器12置于导管31、32所处的冷却面上。优选地，电线23是屏蔽电线并覆有聚氨酯。优选地，电线仅包括两条导线。温度传感器12由电线23电气连接至接口卡3。为了达到所需身体温度，致冷设备30可基于温度传感器12的反馈由接口卡3进行控制。特别地，接口卡3可控制致冷设备30，以便调节液态或气态致冷剂的流速。通过调节致冷剂的流速，可控制由致冷剂排出身体的热量的量，从而达到所需温度。温度可进行调节，从而皮肤温度降至1℃以下。优选地，致冷垫片20、21的表面温度高于1℃且优选小于42℃。在需要时，在热刺激装置或冷却垫片20、21中可设有加热装置，用于进一步调节冷却垫片中的致冷剂温度。
图9是表示根据本发明的采用一个或多个珀耳帖效应热电元件15的加热和致冷组合式垫片22的原理的图示。在该实施方案中，与上述加热及刺激垫片的相关部分类似，温度可通过温度传感器12的反馈进行控制，因此无需外部致冷设备。将具有特定极性的电压施加于珀耳帖元件15时，垫片22可用于致冷。通过转换所施加电压的极性，垫片22可用于加热。在使用中，珀耳帖元件15两侧间的温差通常不高于60℃。因此，垫片22被构造成使顶层22a表面的散热最大化（如图9和图10所示）。加热温度和致冷温度可利用适当的控制装置来进行预选或控制。
优选地，加热和致冷组合式垫片包括顶层22a、中间层33及底层22b。图9是顶层22a和中间层33的俯视示意图。图10是底层22b和中间层33的仰视示意图。
优选地，顶层22a包括散热装置，以从珀耳帖元件15散热。可选或同时地，顶层22a可包括“致冷塑性聚合物”或最大限度来散热的高导热性的热塑性聚合物。散热装置可包括风冷片组（例如顶层的顶侧具有大表面积结构，该结构优选包括导热性聚合物）或与顶层22a相邻的液体。例如，液体可置于袋包或护套中并可连接至致冷系统。顶面和底面间的温差约为60度，这表示顶面温度会高于60度，因而需要散热。
加热和致冷组合式垫片22可包括热交换装置，以在珀尔帕元件12和患者皮肤间建立热交换。热交换装置可包括热流流动通道和/或与患者皮肤建立热接触的热接触垫片。
中间层33可包括一个或多个孔43，以在成型过程中顶层22a和底层22b间获得最大粘接。优选地，顶层22a和底层22b包括非导性或低导性的热塑性聚合物。
中间层33的底面可包括一个或多个珀耳帖元件15。中间层33的底面可进一步包括覆有塑性聚合物的温度传感器12。中间层33的顶面可包括连接器27及LED26。
图中示出四个用于珀耳帖元件15的焊接点/连接点（即连接器27），但并非导线连接所述元件。连接器27可装至焊接点/连接点。在附图中还表示出聚氨酯屏蔽电线23的横截面，电线23的两条导线（平行耦合）是用于珀耳帖元件15，两条导线是用于温度传感器12（用于温度反馈）。电流从热刺激装置1经由连接器27供入珀耳帖元件15。
有利地，本发明所述的热刺激装置包括可提供电刺激和加热的第一垫片19以及可提供致冷的第二垫片20、21、22。两组不同类型垫片的组合提供协同疗效，其中通过第一垫片加热可使患者能够承受向身体特定部位施加比电刺激更大的电流，同时通过第二垫片20、21、22冷却身体的同一部位又可有助于减轻肿胀和炎症。例如，可同时利用热、电刺激及致冷来治疗同一肌肉（或肌肉群）的不同部位。热刺激装置可协同所施加的热、电刺激及致冷，从而优化疗效。因此，本发明所披露的热刺激装置对治疗肌肉损伤和康复极具效果。
本申请所述的热刺激装置可包括控制系统和/或一个或多个如第12/592498号、第12/592492号、第12/592470号和第12/592493号美国专利申请中任一申请所述的具有温度反馈的垫片。
本申请中所述的热刺激装置和垫片特别有利于治疗肌肉损伤、康复以及放松和按摩。
可以理解，本发明仅通过举例方式对本发明进行说明，对其细节所做的修改均包含于本发明的范围内。

Claims (14)

1.一种热刺激装置，包括：
提供电刺激的装置；以及
提供加热及致冷的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括至少一个加热垫片以及至少一个致冷垫片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中所述至少一个加热垫片包括所述提供电刺激的装置和一供热装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述至少一个加热垫片包括一顶层、一与待治疗区域接触的底层以及一支撑所述提供电刺激的装置及所述供热装置的第一及第二中间层。
5.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中所述致冷垫片包括容纳液态或气态致冷剂的装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，进一步包括汽化液态致冷剂的装置。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，包括至少一个能够提供加热及致冷的垫片。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述垫片包括一个或多个珀耳帖元件。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述垫片包括一散热装置。
10.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述垫片包括一热交换装置。
11.根据权利要求2至10中任一权利要求所述的装置，其中所述垫片包括一连接至一中央处理单元的温度传感器，以调节所述垫片的温度。
12.一种如权利要求2至10中任一权利要求所定义的用于一热刺激装置的垫片。
13.一种如本申请参照附图所述的热刺激装置。
14.一种如本申请参照附图所述的垫片，用于一热刺激装置。
CN201180052690.XA 2010-10-28 2011-10-28 热刺激装置 Expired - Fee Related CN103237529B (zh)

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EP10189306A EP2446865A1 (en) 2010-10-28 2010-10-28 Thermostimulation apparatus
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