CN103222548A - Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103222548A CN103222548A CN2013101919184A CN201310191918A CN103222548A CN 103222548 A CN103222548 A CN 103222548A CN 2013101919184 A CN2013101919184 A CN 2013101919184A CN 201310191918 A CN201310191918 A CN 201310191918A CN 103222548 A CN103222548 A CN 103222548A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- extract
- extractives
- quality control
- polysaccharide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000018905 epimedium Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- TZJALUIVHRYQQB-XLRXWWTNSA-N icariin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=C(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C2O1 TZJALUIVHRYQQB-XLRXWWTNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000234609 Portulaca oleracea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000167550 Centella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000208688 Eucommia Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products CC(CCC(=O)C(C)C1C(=O)CC2C3CC(O)C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(=O)O PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N Neochlorogenin-saeure Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N chlorogenic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940074393 chlorogenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N chlorogenic acid Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@](O)(C[C@@H](CC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000001368 chlorogenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)cc2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940092665 tea leaf extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940064064 purslane extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000146462 Centella asiatica Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000004032 Centella asiatica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000893536 Epimedium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000005250 Chrysanthemum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018959 Chrysanthemum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TZJALUIVHRYQQB-XFDQAQKOSA-N Icariin Natural products O(C)c1ccc(C2=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O3)C(=O)c3c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)c(C/C=C(\C)/C)c3O2)cc1 TZJALUIVHRYQQB-XFDQAQKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- TZJALUIVHRYQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N icariine Natural products C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=C(OC2C(C(O)C(O)C(C)O2)O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C2O1 TZJALUIVHRYQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000035851 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000008495 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 208000031295 Animal disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 208000007212 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000710198 Foot-and-mouth disease virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- ZDGWGNDTQZGISB-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;perchloric acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCl(=O)(=O)=O ZDGWGNDTQZGISB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010020843 Hyperthermia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000006794 Volvariella volvacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000496 anti-anoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002019 anti-mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000237330 gutta percha tree Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036031 hyperthermia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a composite plant extractive feed additive and an application thereof. The composite plant extractive feed additive comprises the following plant extractives in parts by weight: 0-12 parts of folium cortex eucommiae extractives, 0-12 parts of alfalfa extractives, 0-10 parts of coarse aged tea extractives, 0-10 parts of ramie root and leaf extractives, 0-10 parts of mushroom root extractives, 0-9 parts of purslane extractives, 0-9 parts of horny goat weed extractives, 0-8 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower extractives, 0-8 parts of dried tangerine or orange peel extractives and 0-8 parts of centella extractives, wherein the content of at least three types of the extractives is not 0. The invention further provides an application of the composite plant extractive feed additive. The composite plant extractive feed additive disclosed by the invention is good in stability; and the whole health condition of animals can be improved and the disease prevention and disease resistance capability of the animals is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed addictive and application thereof, especially relate to a kind of composite vegetables extractive feed addictive and application thereof.
Background technology
In the twenty or thirty year that antibiotic is applied in aquaculture, brought development at full speed to Animal Husbandry in China, and still, its drawback also more and more appears, and the animal health state descends, and the incidence of disease improves, and the control of state of an illness complicated difficult, particularly brought serious food-safety problem.Along with people's understanding deepens continuously, more knowledgeable people has thrown into the traditional Chinese medicine direction to sight.By research, test, extract bioactive ingredients and improve the animal health state from plant, reduce sick, the medication of animal, the interpolation of alternative antibiotic in feed, and can avoid antibiotic to use the adverse effect of bringing.Therefore, the plant feed addictive has obtained users' favor, and especially Chinese medicine compound prescription class and plant extracts class feedstuff additive product are emerging in multitude on the market.
, there are the defects such as prescription is complicated, addition is large, quality is uncontrollable in formula application after Chinese medicine compound prescription class feed addictive directly utilizes Chinese medicine to pulverize, limited to a certain extent the scale application of this series products.And apply single plant extracts as feed addictive, and product efficacy is single, and the kind of each effective constituents and content are all limited, are difficult to improve on the whole animal health condition, fundamentally improve animal disease resistance ability.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of composite vegetables extractive feed addictive and application thereof of good stability are provided; This feed addictive can improve integral animal health status, improves animal disease resistance ability.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is:
The present invention's composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: eucommia leaf extract 0-12 part, extractive of alfalfa 0-12 part, coarse tea leaf extract 0-10 part, radix boehmeriae leaf extract 0-10 part, mushroom root extract 0-10 part, purslane extract 0-9 part, Shorthorned Epimedium P.E 0-9 part, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract 0-8 part, dried orange peel extracts 0-8 part, Gotu Kola P.E 0-8 part, wherein the content of at least 3 kinds of extracts is not 0;
The stem that described mushroom root is edible mushroom (such as mushroom, flat mushroom, straw mushroom, Asparagus) etc.;
(1) eucommia leaf extract quality control:
In eucommia leaf extract, bark of eucommia chlorogenic acid >=5wt%, eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%;
(2) extractive of alfalfa quality control:
In extractive of alfalfa, clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%;
(3) coarse tea leaf extract quality control:
In the coarse tea leaf extract, tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%;
(4) mushroom root extract quality control:
In the mushroom root extract, polysaccharide >=40wt%;
(5) dried orange peel extracts quality control:
In dried orange peel extracts, dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%;
(6) Shorthorned Epimedium P.E quality control:
In Shorthorned Epimedium P.E, general flavone >=15wt%, wherein icariin >=2wt%;
(7) purslane extract quality control:
In purslane extract, Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%;
(8) Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract quality control:
In Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract, mother chrysanthemum polysaccharide >=15wt%, mother chrysanthemum flavones >=10wt%;
(9) Gotu Kola P.E quality control:
In Gotu Kola P.E, asiatic centella total saponins >=20wt%;
(10) radix boehmeriae leaf extract quality control:
In the radix boehmeriae leaf extract, ramie polysaccharide >=35wt%, chlorogenic acid >=3wt%;
(11) composite vegetables extractive feedstuff additive product quality control:
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, plant polyose content is that 25-50wt%, plant polyphenol are 4-12wt%, plant flavone 5-20wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside 5-20wt%.
In described extract and composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, the mensuration of each effective constituents is applied respectively following method and carried out: the content detection of polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavones, saponin(e all adopts AAS, wherein polysaccharide detects the colour developing of application phenol-sulphoacid method, polyphenol detects application Folin-Ciocaileu method, and flavones detects application NaNO
2--Al (NO
3)
3-NaOH method, saponins application vanillic aldehyde-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid system colour developing; Chlorogenic acid, icariin adopt the HPLC method to measure.
The application of the present invention's composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, described composite vegetables extractive feed addictive is added in feed, addition is that complete feed per ton adds 200-2000g, concentrate feed, premix can be adjusted interpolation in this ratio, or add 150-300g by every 1000L water, be mixed with animal drinking water, drink for animal.
Described animal is domestic animal, poultry and aquatic animal.
Described plant polyose have regulate immune, antibiotic, antiviral, radiation proof, inhibition tumour, protect the liver, delay senility, the effect of hypoglycemic and antifatigue.That described plant polyphenol has is anti-oxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anticancer effect.Described plant sapogenin glycoside has the effect of the immunity regulated, anti-anoxic and antifatigue, low-temperature resistance stress, the oxidation of lipotropism matter, adjusting central nervous system, anti-mutation, kidney tonifying.That described plant flavone has is antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antitumor, the effect that protects the liver.
The present invention's composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, take the Traditional Chinese Medicine medicine law as theoretical foundation, with Chinese medicine class plant extract formula, take the effect of active material colony as material base performance conditioning animal body health.The organic assembling that this active material colony is functional component in all kinds of plant extracts, by being mixed of different extracts, the types of functionality composition produces cooperative effect, animal body is carried out to multisystem, multipath, at many levels, the comprehensive adjustment of many target spots, act on central nervous system simultaneously, internal system, immune system etc., be conducive to regulate the balance of various aspects, help " healthy tendency ", resist " perverse trend ", start to greatest extent whole resistance against diseases and the self-rehabilitation potentiality of animal body, can reach and improve integral animal health status, improve the purpose of animal disease resistance ability.
Composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present invention also is improved the effect of vaccine valence
.
Simultaneously, the present invention's feed addictive, with different plant extract formulas, has overcome the uncontrollable defect of Chinese medicine compound prescription product quality, can effectively control stability and the homogeneity of product, improves bioavilability and the using value of product.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: extractive of alfalfa (clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%) 8 parts, purslane extract (Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%) 4 parts, coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%) 3 parts, dried orange peel extracts (dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%) 2 parts, radix boehmeriae leaf extract (ramie polysaccharide >=35wt%, chlorogenic acid >=3wt%) 2 parts, Shorthorned Epimedium P.E (general flavone >=15wt%, icariin >=2wt%) 1 part,
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 44wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 5wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 11wt%, plant flavone content are 13wt%.
In described extract and composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, the mensuration of each effective constituents is applied respectively following method and carried out: the content detection of polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavones, saponin(e all adopts AAS, wherein polysaccharide detects the colour developing of application phenol-sulphoacid method, polyphenol detects application Folin-Ciocaileu method, and flavones detects application NaNO
2--Al (NO
3)
3-NaOH method, saponins application vanillic aldehyde-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid system colour developing; Chlorogenic acid, icariin adopt the HPLC method to measure.
Embodiment 2
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: eucommia leaf extract (eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%, chlorogenic acid >=5wt%) 5 parts, extractive of alfalfa (clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%) 4 parts, dried orange peel extracts (dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%) 4 parts, coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%) 2 parts, purslane extract (Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%) 1 part, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract (mother chrysanthemum polysaccharide >=15wt%, mother chrysanthemum flavones >=10wt%) 1 part,
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 42wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 6.3wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 20wt%, plant flavone content are 6wt%.
Embodiment 3
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: extractive of alfalfa (clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%) 6 parts, dried orange peel extracts (dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%) 4 parts, eucommia leaf extract (eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%, chlorogenic acid >=5wt%) 2 parts, coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%) 2 parts, 2 parts of Gotu Kola P.Es (asiatic centella total saponins >=20wt%), purslane extract (Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%) 1 part,
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 45wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 5.1wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 13wt%, plant flavone content are 7wt%.
Embodiment 4
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: Shorthorned Epimedium P.E (general flavone >=15wt%, icariin >=2wt%) 8 parts, 4 parts of mushroom root extracts (polysaccharide >=40wt%), coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%) 2 parts, radix boehmeriae leaf extract (ramie polysaccharide >=35wt%, chlorogenic acid >=3wt%) 2 parts, 2 parts of Gotu Kola P.Es (asiatic centella total saponins >=20wt%), eucommia leaf extract (eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%, chlorogenic acid >=5wt%) 1 part,
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 47wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 6.5wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 8wt%, plant flavone content are 19wt%.
Embodiment 5
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: dried orange peel extracts (dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%) 8 parts, eucommia ulmoides extracts (eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%, chlorogenic acid >=5wt%) 5 parts of 6 parts, coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%);
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 49wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 5.1wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 5wt%, plant flavone content are 17wt%.
Embodiment 6
The composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: eucommia leaf extract (eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%, chlorogenic acid >=5wt%) 5 parts, extractive of alfalfa (clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%) 4 parts, dried orange peel extracts (dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%) 4 parts, 4 parts of mushroom root extracts (polysaccharide >=40wt%), coarse tea leaf extract (tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%) 2 parts, purslane extract (Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%) 1 part, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract (mother chrysanthemum polysaccharide >=15wt%, mother chrysanthemum flavones >=10wt%) 1 part, Shorthorned Epimedium P.E (general flavone >=15wt%, icariin >=2wt%) 1 part, radix boehmeriae leaf extract (ramie polysaccharide >=35wt%, chlorogenic acid >=3wt%) 1 part, 1 part of Gotu Kola P.E (asiatic centella total saponins >=20wt%),
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive of the present embodiment, plant polyose content is that 43wt%, plant polyphenol content are that 5wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside content are that 13wt%, plant flavone content are 18wt%.
Embodiment 7 disease resistance Application Examples 1.
Shaodong County plant since on December 20th, 2010 the part pig try out, complete feed per ton adds 500g embodiment 1 composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, at the 11st day on probation, the aftosa epidemic situation occurs in pig farm, but the swinery of using patented product of the present invention is that sow or sucking pig, piglet are all safe and sound, and from only 1.5 meters of the pigs that epidemic disease is arranged.After epidemic situation occurs, add in the feed of whole pig farm, and consumption is increased to complete feed per ton and adds 1000g, adopt 300g to be dissolved in one ton of ratio in water simultaneously, the sterilization of whole audience band pig, once a day.After one week, epidemic situation is controlled, and by the end of recovering, there is no a dead pig.
Embodiment 8 disease resistance Application Examples 2.
Xiang Tan plant, 70 sows of livestock on hand, growing and fattening pigs 600 bulls, break out porcine hyperthermia in November, 2010, starts to adopt drug therapy, necessarily controlled, but DeGrain causes larger economic loss.Start the whole audience in January, 2011 and use embodiment 2 feed addictives, because epidemic situation is heavier, 1500g is added at complete diet pellet per ton in pig farm, in drinking-water per ton, adds 300g, and the 4th day, the existing institute of swinery situation took a turn for the better, and spends again for 1 week, and whole pig farm is stable.After pig farm is stable, just return to the routine health care that complete diet pellet per ton adds 500g, until in mid-April, 2011, pig farm is always more stable, and bristles color is good, and appetite is good, growth is fast, and treatment, health care medication at least reduce half, and the above pig of 40-50 jin does not need to do medicinal health-care basically.
Embodiment 9 strengthens the vaccine valence application test
In Shaodong County, 40 sows are chosen on ecological pig farm at random, be divided into two groups of test group and control groups, every group 20, testing a few days ago (on April 20th, 2012) is taken a blood sample to the full group of two groups of sows respectively, censorship swine fever, blue ear, foot-and-mouth disease antibody level, the results are shown in Table the 1(4 month 20 sample detecting result).Since on April 22nd, 2012 the control group sow add conventional health medicine kept healthy in basal diet, the embodiment 3 composite vegetables extractive feed addictives that the test group sow is added 500g/t in basal diet are kept healthy, until off-test on July 18 in 2012.In the sow healthcare process, to 40 sows, full group carries out swine fever, blue ear, aftosa vaccine inoculation (20 days-July 1 June in 2012), test rear (July 18) full group is respectively taken a blood sample, censorship swine fever, blue ear, foot-and-mouth disease antibody level, the results are shown in Table the 1(7 month 18 sample detecting result).
As shown in Table 1, after the test group sow adopts the health care of composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, swine fever, blue ear, aftosa immunity are all qualified, the control group sow that qualification rate keeps healthy higher than conventional medicine far away, result of the test shows, this composite vegetables extractive feed addictive has the animal vaccine of improvement effect, strengthens the effect of swinery disease resistance ability.
Claims (3)
1. a composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, it is characterized in that, the plant extracts that contains following weight portion: eucommia leaf extract 0-12 part, extractive of alfalfa 0-12 part, coarse tea leaf extract 0-10 part, radix boehmeriae leaf extract 0-10 part, mushroom root extract 0-10 part, purslane extract 0-9 part, Shorthorned Epimedium P.E 0-9 part, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract 0-8 part, dried orange peel extracts 0-8 part, Gotu Kola P.E 0-8 part, wherein the content of at least 3 kinds of extracts is not 0.
2. composite vegetables extractive feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass content of described each extract is controlled:
(1) eucommia leaf extract quality control:
In eucommia leaf extract, bark of eucommia chlorogenic acid >=5wt%, eucommia bark polycose >=25wt%, eucommia bark flavone >=5wt%;
(2) extractive of alfalfa quality control:
In extractive of alfalfa, clover flavones >=5wt%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide >=35wt%, alfalfa saponin >=5wt%;
(3) coarse tea leaf extract quality control:
In the coarse tea leaf extract, tea polysaccharide >=35wt%, Tea Polyphenols >=30wt%;
(4) mushroom root extract quality control:
In the mushroom root extract, polysaccharide >=40wt%;
(5) dried orange peel extracts quality control:
In dried orange peel extracts, dried orange peel polysaccharide >=40wt%, general flavone >=15wt%;
(6) Shorthorned Epimedium P.E quality control:
In Shorthorned Epimedium P.E, general flavone >=15wt%, wherein icariin >=2wt%;
(7) purslane extract quality control:
In purslane extract, Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea >=30wt%, general flavone >=10wt%;
(8) Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract quality control:
In Flos Chrysanthemi Indici extract, mother chrysanthemum polysaccharide >=15wt%, mother chrysanthemum flavones >=10wt%;
(9) Gotu Kola P.E quality control:
In Gotu Kola P.E, asiatic centella total saponins >=20wt%;
(10) radix boehmeriae leaf extract quality control:
In the radix boehmeriae leaf extract, ramie polysaccharide >=35wt%, chlorogenic acid >=3wt%;
(11) composite vegetables extractive feedstuff additive product quality control:
In the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive, plant polyose content is that 25-50wt%, plant polyphenol are 4-12wt%, plant flavone 5-20wt%, plant sapogenin glycoside 5-20wt%.
3. the application as composite vegetables extractive feed addictive as described in one of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, described composite vegetables extractive feed addictive is added in feed, addition is that complete feed per ton adds 200-2000g, concentrate feed, premix can be adjusted interpolation in this ratio, or add 150-300g by every 1000L water, and be mixed with animal drinking water, for animal, drink.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310191918.4A CN103222548B (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310191918.4A CN103222548B (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103222548A true CN103222548A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103222548B CN103222548B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
Family
ID=48833381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310191918.4A Active CN103222548B (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103222548B (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103494955A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 广元亿明生物科技有限公司 | Chinese medicine composition for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases |
| CN103583873A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 蚌埠市丰牧牛羊肉制品有限责任公司 | Feed for culturing tilapia mossambica in pond and preparation method thereof |
| CN104187199A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-10 | 张可池 | Artificial feed for centipede and diplopod and preparation method of artificial feed |
| CN104431373A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 北京爱绿生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for improving quality of animal milk |
| CN104938853A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-30 | 江西农业大学 | Preparation and application of high-quality broiler chicken additive |
| CN105248991A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-20 | 无锡市南阳湖水产科技有限公司 | Aquaculture feed for coelomactra antiquata aquatic product |
| CN105594995A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-05-25 | 济南众粮饲料有限公司 | Toxin-expelling type functional feed |
| CN107307205A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-03 | 深圳市金新农科技股份有限公司 | It is a kind of for the compositions of additives of pig starter feed, compound premix and nonreactive pig starter feed |
| CN107319109A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-07 | 合肥雪立歆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding soft-shell turtle green nourishing expanded pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108077597A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-29 | 北京亿纳夫科技有限公司 | A kind of plant ecological concentrated feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110100955A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-09 | 福建丰久生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for improving the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive and its preparation method and application of animal digestion absorption function and immunity |
| CN110786418A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-14 | 南京致润生物科技有限公司 | Composite feedable natural plant extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59156252A (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1984-09-05 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Recovery of protein |
| US5688508A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1997-11-18 | Virginia State University | Feed compositions comprising purslane leaves and methods of using thereof |
| CN1387876A (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2003-01-01 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Clover extract, composition with the extract and their application in animal health |
| CN101606581A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-23 | 灵宝上洋科技有限责任公司 | A kind of green feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144731A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海农昊生物技术研究所 | Asiatic pennywort herb extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144716A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海百树生物科技有限公司 | Herba epimedii extract feedstuff additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144715A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海农昊生物技术研究所 | Tangerine peel extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102187942A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-09-21 | 湖南省五季风生物科技有限责任公司 | Plant extract for improving quality and safety performance of pork as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102613396A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南省五季风生物科技有限责任公司 | Ramie root and leave extract for animal health care and preparation process as well as application thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-05-22 CN CN201310191918.4A patent/CN103222548B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59156252A (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1984-09-05 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Recovery of protein |
| US5688508A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1997-11-18 | Virginia State University | Feed compositions comprising purslane leaves and methods of using thereof |
| CN1387876A (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2003-01-01 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Clover extract, composition with the extract and their application in animal health |
| CN101606581A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-23 | 灵宝上洋科技有限责任公司 | A kind of green feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144731A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海农昊生物技术研究所 | Asiatic pennywort herb extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144716A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海百树生物科技有限公司 | Herba epimedii extract feedstuff additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102144715A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 上海农昊生物技术研究所 | Tangerine peel extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102187942A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-09-21 | 湖南省五季风生物科技有限责任公司 | Plant extract for improving quality and safety performance of pork as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102613396A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南省五季风生物科技有限责任公司 | Ramie root and leave extract for animal health care and preparation process as well as application thereof |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103494955B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-01-13 | 广元亿明生物科技有限公司 | The Chinese medicine composition for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease |
| CN103494955A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 广元亿明生物科技有限公司 | Chinese medicine composition for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases |
| CN103583873A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 蚌埠市丰牧牛羊肉制品有限责任公司 | Feed for culturing tilapia mossambica in pond and preparation method thereof |
| CN104187199B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-06-01 | 张可池 | The artificial diet of a kind of centipede and julid and its preparation method |
| CN104187199A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-10 | 张可池 | Artificial feed for centipede and diplopod and preparation method of artificial feed |
| CN104431373A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 北京爱绿生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for improving quality of animal milk |
| CN104938853A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-30 | 江西农业大学 | Preparation and application of high-quality broiler chicken additive |
| CN104938853B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2018-05-11 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of preparation and its application of quality broiler chicken additive |
| CN105248991A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-20 | 无锡市南阳湖水产科技有限公司 | Aquaculture feed for coelomactra antiquata aquatic product |
| CN105594995A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-05-25 | 济南众粮饲料有限公司 | Toxin-expelling type functional feed |
| CN107307205A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-03 | 深圳市金新农科技股份有限公司 | It is a kind of for the compositions of additives of pig starter feed, compound premix and nonreactive pig starter feed |
| CN107319109A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-07 | 合肥雪立歆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding soft-shell turtle green nourishing expanded pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108077597A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-29 | 北京亿纳夫科技有限公司 | A kind of plant ecological concentrated feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110100955A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-09 | 福建丰久生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for improving the composite vegetables extractive feed addictive and its preparation method and application of animal digestion absorption function and immunity |
| CN110786418A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-14 | 南京致润生物科技有限公司 | Composite feedable natural plant extract feed additive and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103222548B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103222548B (en) | Composite plant extractive feed additive and application thereof | |
| CN102204629B (en) | Feed additive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103262943B (en) | A kind of Herba Lophatheri extract and application thereof | |
| CN101720869A (en) | Method for preparing immunostimulant for fish | |
| CN104206787B (en) | A kind of poultry fodder additive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106728000A (en) | A kind of macleaya cordata baikal skullcap root composition and its application for veterinary drug or medicated feed additive | |
| CN105287790B (en) | A kind of fevervine extract and its application | |
| CN103800634B (en) | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for controlling main bacterial infectious diseases of freshwater fish | |
| CN102106458A (en) | Chinese medicinal herb feed using bamboo leaves as main raw material | |
| CN1224329C (en) | Feed additive made of herbal medicine compound concentrate, and its prepn. method | |
| CN102258141B (en) | Portulaca poultry feed additive and production method thereof | |
| CN102919607A (en) | Chinese herbal medicine compound feed additive with anti-diarrhea function and improving pork quality | |
| CN102764308A (en) | Drug for preventing bacterial diseases of fish and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113749184A (en) | Natural antibiotic-free plant feed additive for broiler chicken | |
| CN106036260A (en) | Bee breeding feed | |
| CN101715893B (en) | Pure natural piglet immunological enhancement feed additive and application thereof | |
| CN106511675A (en) | Medicine for preventing and treating poultry diseases and preparation method of medicine | |
| CN104322983A (en) | Chinese medicinal composite piglet feed capable of enhancing immunity | |
| CN103610807A (en) | Composition for controlling grass carp gill-rot disease, bacterial enteritis and red skin disease | |
| CN104431329A (en) | Green compound feed prepared from periplaneta americana L. waste residue and preparation method of green compound feed | |
| Pandey et al. | Review on nutritional profile of Medicago sativa seeds | |
| CN103920068A (en) | Immunopotentiator for commodity laying hens | |
| CN105028330A (en) | Method for cultivating sheep via forage containing Rhodiola rosea grass | |
| CN108208343A (en) | A kind of feed for preventing peacock influenza and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109845921A (en) | A kind of functional bait and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating fancy carp stigmatosis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 410600 Hunan city of Yueyang Province Jinlong Xiangyin County District Jingu Park Zhuoda Patentee after: Hunan Chabot Ann Gojfon biological science and Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410600, No. 68, Australia Road, Jinzhou new district, Ningxiang County, Changsha, Hunan Patentee before: HUNAN WUJIFENG BIOTECH Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170522 Address after: 331800 Fuzhou, Dongxiang Province Economic Development Zone, the Industrial Park Hill Patentee after: DONGXIANG COUNTY JIUDING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CO.,LTD. Address before: 410600 Hunan city of Yueyang Province Jinlong Xiangyin County District Jingu Park Zhuoda Patentee before: Hunan Chabot Ann Gojfon biological science and Technology Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20180404 Address after: Chen Keng Tian Jiu Zhen 331800 Jiangxi city of Ganzhou province Dingnan County Patentee after: DINGNAN JIUDING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 331800 Fuzhou, Dongxiang Province Economic Development Zone, the Industrial Park Hill Patentee before: DONGXIANG COUNTY JIUDING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CO.,LTD. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20240403 Address after: 414600 Building 19, Zhuoda Jingu Entrepreneurship Park, Jinlong Town, Xiangyin County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province Patentee after: Hunan wujifeng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 331800 chenkeng village, Tianjiu Town, Dingnan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province Patentee before: DINGNAN JIUDING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |