CN103210852B - Method for obviously improving survival rate of exopalaemon carinicauda in artificial breeding process - Google Patents
Method for obviously improving survival rate of exopalaemon carinicauda in artificial breeding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210852B CN103210852B CN201210015976.7A CN201210015976A CN103210852B CN 103210852 B CN103210852 B CN 103210852B CN 201210015976 A CN201210015976 A CN 201210015976A CN 103210852 B CN103210852 B CN 103210852B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for obviously improving the survival rate of exopalaemon carinicauda in the artificial breeding process, in particular to a method for carrying out larva separation and collection by utilizing phototaxis of larvae. The method comprises the following steps of dividing different functional regions in a spawning pool; regulating illumination in different functional regions; and installing a lifting adjustable larva collection net. In the step of dividing the functional regions, a large-aperture screen is utilized to isolate and divide the spawning pool into a parent shrimp action region and a larva collection region; and illumination regulation comprises the steps of covering the parent shrimp action region with a sunshade net and carrying out lure in the larva collection region by a fluorescent lamp. The method has the advantages that division of different functional regions and illumination regulation enable larvae and parent shrimps to be spatially and effectively separated and reduces the predation rate of the parent shrimps for the larvae, so that post-larvae yield is greatly improved; meanwhile, embryo abscission and death of the parent shrimps, which are caused by frequent sorting of the parent shrimps, are also avoided and the survival rate in the breeding process is improved; and the lifting adjustable larva collection net can be used for collecting larvae in due time according to the hatching condition of larvae, so that labor intensity is reduced and the practical value on production is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that significantly improves Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding output of seedling, specifically a kind of young phototaxis of utilizing is carried out the method that the young is separated and collect, and belongs to technical field of aquaculture.Utilize this technology can significantly reduce the predation rate of close shrimp to the young in Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding process, improve the survival rate of Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding, and can reduce labour intensity.
Background technology
Exopalaemon carinicauda is the shrimps of dwelling at the bottom of warm tropical seas, with yellow, Bohai Sea output is the highest, is one of distinctive 3 kinds of economic shrimps of China, its output is only second to Chinese prawn and Chinese shrimp.Exopalaemon carinicauda environmental suitability is strong, growth is fast, meat is good, economic worth is high, and fanning economics is considerable, is potential aquaculture shrimps kind.Exopalaemon carinicauda is low temperature resistant, and suitable salt scope is wide, through desalination, can in freshwater, cultivate, and it cultivates wide scope, potentiality are large.At present existing about Exopalaemon carinicauda monoculture and the report of raising together with, but the batch production seed breeding technique of Exopalaemon carinicauda stability and high efficiency not yet set up, cultivation seed is many to be received tide by natural waters and obtains, the raising of cultured area and output is subject to seedling restriction obviously.Although the existing fragmentary report of the research of relevant Exopalaemon carinicauda seed breeding, system not very at present, scale is also less, and the research that relates to the ins and outs such as close shrimp accelerating, larval culture there is no report.Therefore, carry out the reproductive biology research of Exopalaemon carinicauda and the factorial seedling growth of seed is very necessary, a Gonna breakthrough bottleneck of extensive seed rearing, as a new crustacean aquaculture kind, the cultivation of Exopalaemon carinicauda has a extensive future, economic benefit Worth Expecting.For this reason, the research work that Exopalaemon carinicauda expands numerous key technology has been carried out in laboratory, inventor place, has found some restrictive factors in Exopalaemon carinicauda people seedling raising process, and has done accordingly and deal with.
The object of the present invention is to provide in a kind of effective solution Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding process parent high to young predation rate, the problems such as parent shrimp output of seedling is too low, and can reduce young collection work amount, and then cultivate in enormous quantities the artificial raise seedling method of Exopalaemon carinicauda seed simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding process that close shrimp is higher to young predation rate, every problem such as close shrimp output of seedling is too low, young collection work amount is large; developed a kind of method of utilizing the separated close shrimp of young phototaxis and the young and collecting the young in good time, for basis has been prepared in the breeding of Exopalaemon carinicauda large-scale artificial.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize the separation of young phototaxis and collect the Exopalaemon carinicauda young, specifically comprising the steps:
1) the cutting apart of difference in functionality region in hatchery: utilize the larger aperture screen clothes such as gauze (aperture with the young can be freely by and close shrimp can not be by being advisable) hatchery is isolated into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts;
2) Illumination adjusting in difference in functionality region: set up sunshade net on the top of close shrimp behaviour area to reduce intensity of illumination, the common fluorescent-lamp tube of suitable density is installed away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side at young collecting region.
3) fabrication and installation of the young collecting net that liftable regulates: the young collecting net (120 orders are advisable) of making corresponding length and width size according to the real area of young collecting region, with nylon rope, collecting net is fixed on to lower floor in young collecting region, the height of collecting net can regulate by nylon rope and fixed block.
4) young is collected: according to the young density of young collecting region and larval culture pond preparation, collect the young in good time.
In hatchery of the present invention in the segmentation step in difference in functionality region close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region top Area Ratio with 3-4: 1 is advisable, from separation net, to the distance of young collecting region other end pool wall, with 1-2m, be advisable, oogenesis parent shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in close shrimp behaviour area, and seedling-cultivating method is cultivated close shrimp routinely.
In hatchery of the present invention, the light irradiation regulating method in difference in functionality region is: on the top of whole close shrimp behaviour area (sunshade net sets up separation net extremely), set up sunshade net Shi Gai district surface light and impinge upon 500-1000lx (daytime) left and right, and young collecting region does not set up sunshade net, and away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side, apart from the position of 20-30cm above the water surface, common fluorescent tube (power 20-30W is installed at young collecting region, length 60-90cm), the density of fluorescent lamp is advisable with every meter of 1-2 root, utilize the phototaxis induction young of the young from close shrimp behaviour area, to gather young collecting region through separation net.
The fabrication and installation process of the young collecting net that liftable of the present invention regulates is: according to the real area of young collecting region, make young collecting net 1-2 (120 orders are advisable) that length and width size is 1 * 1-1.5m, collecting net consists of the square net in top and lower hopper shape net, square net height 20-30cm wherein, during use, pars infundibularis is tied a knot or tied with nylon rope, with nylon rope, collecting net is fixed on to lower floor in young collecting region (hatchery depth of water 80-100cm, upper network interface is apart from water surface 30-40cm).
Collection young method of the present invention is: according to the young density of young collecting region and larval culture pond preparation, collect the young in good time, while collecting the young, by fixed block, collecting net is risen, from pars infundibularis below, emit the young, after counting, being put into larval culture pond cultivates, after the young shifts out, collecting net is put back into original position and for the next young, collects.
Major advantage of the present invention has:
1, the present invention utilizes the young freely to pass through and close shrimp is intransitable etc. that larger aperture screen cloth (as screen of screen window) is isolated into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts by hatchery, utilize the phototaxis of the Exopalaemon carinicauda young simultaneously, the young is effectively separated with close shrimp, greatly reduced the predation rate of close shrimp to the young.
2, traditional close shrimp by hatching after the young is taken out in time, to reduce close shrimp, to the method for the predation rate of the young, easily causes the embryo who is embraced on close shrimp belly pedes natatorii to come off, and easily cause the problems such as close shrimp death, and the present invention has avoided the generation of the problems referred to above because hatchery being divided into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts, close shrimp availability and per weight parent shrimp output of seedling have greatly been improved.
3, in traditional prawn artificial breeding process; the young is collected and conventionally can only be arranged in when changing water morning and carry out; and need to be at delivery port position, bottom, hatchery drainage collection; the frequent meeting of the young is because acquisition time is long, the large vigor of water flow pressure reduces, and workman's amount of labour is large, operating space is narrow.The present invention adopts method that collecting net is fixed pulley at hatchery upper operating, the young, be about to when dried up shift with plastic basin band water, in whole young collection transfer process, the operating time is short, the young is not dried up and be under pressure little, therefore young vigor is conventionally better, and operating personnel are easy to operate, workload reduces.
4, the inventive method also extends to and has oogenesis habit, uses in the artificial breeding of the even viviparous fish of other crustaceans of feature such as the predation young etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is profile and the Illumination adjusting schematic diagram of difference in functionality Region Segmentation in hatchery.
Fig. 2 is the young collecting net fabrication and installation schematic diagram that liftable regulates.
In figure: the common screen of screen window of 1.14 order; 2. black sunshade net; 3.30W fluorescent lamp; 4. steel rack; 5. bolting silk net pars infundibularis; 6. nylon rope; 7. fixed block; 8. shake hands.
Embodiment
The indoor cement pit of embodiment 1 Exopalaemon carinicauda is grown seedlings
As shown in Figure 1, the composition of young collecting net as shown in Figure 2 for the functional regional division that the present embodiment is related and Illumination adjusting schematic diagram.
The present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) the cutting apart of difference in functionality region in hatchery: hatchery is also parent shrimp rearing pond simultaneously, outward appearance is the rectangle cement pit of one 10.5 * 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * dark), near pool wall length direction one at side 2M the place for common gauze 1 (14 order) be partitioned into the young collecting region of 2.0 * 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * deeply) (soon rectangle gauze be parallel to the setting of cement pit width, gauze left and right two ends are posted by pool wall, gauze bottom is posted by bottom, pond, the water surface is stretched out on gauze top), opposite side is as close shrimp behaviour area;
(2) cultivation of close shrimp: in mid-June, 2011, the oogenesis parent shrimp catching from natural waters is transported back between seedling culturing vehicle, be incubated in the close shrimp behaviour area (8.5 * 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * dark)) of indoor cement hatchery, depth of water 80cm, cultivate water temperature 25-26 ℃, salinity 20-25 ‰, change water, soil pick-up every day, the Routine Management (Xu Guocheng such as clam worm fresh food throw something and feed, Xu Jiatao, in refined, Yan Binlun. Exopalaemon carinicauda factorial seedling growth production technology research. Shandong fishery, 2008,25 (5): 1-3);
(3) Illumination adjusting in difference in functionality region: between nursery stage, black sunshade net 2 is set up to reduce intensity of illumination in top, close shrimp behaviour area, fluorescent-lamp tube 3 totally 4 (power 30W, length 92.6cm) is installed on the pool wall in young collecting region one side away from close shrimp behaviour area and is kept 24h illumination;
(4) making of young collecting net and installation:
Adopt bolting silk net to make, that young collecting net is upper end open, to there is 0.2m height rectangle frame, bottom is funnel-shaped structure, the below of funnel-shaped structure is provided with young discharge port;
With 120 mesh sieve tulles, make 2 of the high young collecting nets (Fig. 2) that is respectively 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.2m of length and width, during use, collecting net upper end is fixed on the steel rack 4 of respective shapes and size (high 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.2m that is respectively of length and width), the young discharge port of pars infundibularis 5 belows of collecting net ties with cotton rope or ties a knot, with nylon rope 6 (nylon rope 6 is fastened on steel rack 4) and 2 fixed blocks 7, (nylon rope 6 is through fixed block 7, and away from one end of collecting net, be provided with handle 8 in nylon rope 6) (pulley be fixed between the seedling culturing vehicle of top, hatchery on girder steel) be horizontally fixed on young collecting region middle and lower part water layer (upper network interface is apart from water surface 30-40cm) by collecting net, when observing young collecting region and have the young to occur, young collecting net is laid and put in place,
(5) collection of the young: open fluorescent lamp and carry out illumination in 24 hours, the young enters young collecting region through gauze under light induction, when top, water layer young density reaches 100 young/L, and cultivate in the ready situation in pond, pull the handle 8 of collecting net far-end that young collecting net is risen, the young is emitted from collecting net pars infundibularis 5, the young is through sterilization, after counting, put into and cultivate the conventional (Xu Guocheng of cultivation in pond, Xu Jiatao, in refined, Yan Binlun. Exopalaemon carinicauda factorial seedling growth production technology research. Shandong fishery, 2008, 25 (5): 1-3), young collecting net is put back to young collecting region again, in order to the next young, collect.
By contrast experiment, show, after taking close shrimp and young isolation and daylight light poly-, the young collecting amount of per weight parent shrimp reaches 300-400 tail/g body weight, than existing report (less than 200 tails/g body weight), improves 50-100%;
(6) young is cultivated (Xu Guocheng, Xu Jiatao, in refined, Yan Binlun. Exopalaemon carinicauda factorial seedling growth production technology research. Shandong fishery, 2008,25 (5): 1-3): adopt Artemia nauplii and Articial bait making conventional seedbed system, under 25 ℃, salinity 20 ‰ conditions, the young is the abnormal young shrimp (P1) for the long 5-6mm of body through about 11 days, and the abnormal survival rate between nursery stage is 50-60%.
The invention has the advantages that difference in functionality region cut apart and Illumination adjusting spatially effectively separates the young and close shrimp, reduced the predation rate of close shrimp to the young, thereby significantly improved output of seedling; Also avoided coming off and the death of close shrimp because of the embryo that close shrimp sorting causes frequently simultaneously, improved the survival rate of growing seedlings; The young collecting net that liftable regulates can be collected the young according to hatching larvae situation in good time, has reduced labour intensity, has improved the practical value of producing.
Claims (7)
1. significantly improve a method for Exopalaemon carinicauda artificial breeding output of seedling, it is characterized in that:
In artificial breeding process, utilize the separation of young phototaxis and collect the Exopalaemon carinicauda young, specifically comprising the steps:
(1) the cutting apart of difference in functionality region in hatchery: near a side pool wall place, one strip isolation gauze is set at middle part, hatchery, utilizes common gauze that hatchery is isolated into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts; The aperture of gauze with the young can be freely by and close shrimp can not pass through; And the oogenesis parent shrimp of throwing in Exopalaemon carinicauda in the close shrimp behaviour area of hatchery hatches cultivation;
(2) Illumination adjusting in difference in functionality region: set up sunshade net on the top of close shrimp behaviour area to reduce intensity of illumination, away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side, fluorescent lamp being installed at young collecting region increases intensity of illumination;
(3) fabrication and installation of the young collecting net that liftable regulates: the real area size according to young collecting region is made the young collecting net that is less than young collecting region water surface size, with nylon rope, collecting net is fixed on to lower floor in young collecting region, the height of collecting net can regulate by nylon rope;
(4) young is collected: ready when larval culture condition, and the young density of young collecting region is while being greater than 100 young/L, immediately or in time collects the Exopalaemon carinicauda young.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: hatchery is 1-2m from separation net to young collecting region away from the distance of one end, close shrimp behaviour area pool wall, from separation net to close shrimp behaviour area, away from the distance of young collecting region one end pool wall, be 4-8m, oogenesis parent shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in close shrimp behaviour area, and seedling-cultivating method is cultivated close shrimp routinely.
3. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 2: Qin Xia behaviour area, hatchery and young collecting region area ratio suitable for reading are 3-4:1.
According to described in claim 1 or 2 method, it is characterized in that: on the top of whole close shrimp behaviour area, from close shrimp behaviour area away from separation net one end directly over separation net, set up the sunshade net Shi Gai district water-gage colourless daylight and impinge upon 500-1000lx; And young collecting region does not set up sunshade net, and at young collecting region, away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side, apart from the position of 20-30cm above the water surface, common power to be installed be 20-30W, the fluorescent tube of length 60-90cm, the density of fluorescent lamp is every meter of 1-2 root, utilizes the phototaxis induction young of the young from close shrimp behaviour area, to gather young collecting region through separation net.
5. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 1:
Young collecting net adopts 120 mesh sieve tulles to make, the rectangle screen frame that young collecting net is upper end open, and rectangle frame length and width size is 1 * 1-1.5m, and bottom is funnel-shaped structure, and the below of funnel-shaped structure is provided with young discharge port;
According to the real area of young collecting region, in young collecting region, near a side level of fluorescent lamp, lay young collecting net 1-2, collecting net consists of the square net in top and lower hopper shape net, rectangle net height 20-30cm wherein, during use, pars infundibularis is tied a knot or tied with nylon rope, with nylon rope, collecting net is fixed on to lower floor in young collecting region, hatchery depth of water 80-100cm, upper network interface is apart from water surface 30-40cm.
6. according to the method described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: when larval culture pond is ready to, and when the young density of young collecting region is greater than 100 young/L, immediately or in time collect the Exopalaemon carinicauda young, while collecting the young, by nylon rope, collecting net is risen, the young is put into larval culture pond from pars infundibularis below emits and counts and cultivates, after the young shifts out, collecting net is put back into original position and for the next young, collects.
7. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 1:
Described isolation gauze is that pore size is the common gauze of 10-15 object.
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