CN103210852A

CN103210852A - Method for obviously improving survival rate of exopalaemon carinicauda in artificial breeding process

Info

Publication number: CN103210852A
Application number: CN2012100159767A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张成松; 相建海; 李富花; 于洋
Original assignee: NANTONG OCEAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CENTER INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Current assignee: NANTONG OCEAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CENTER INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority date: 2012-01-19
Filing date: 2012-01-19
Publication date: 2013-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-19
Also published as: CN103210852B

Abstract

本发明涉及一种明显提高脊尾白虾人工育苗存活率的方法，具体地说是一种利用幼体趋光性进行幼体分离及收集的方法；包括孵化池内不同功能区域的分割；不同功能区域的光照调节；可升降调节的幼体收集网安装。功能区域的分割是利用较大孔径筛网隔离分为亲虾活动区和幼体收集区；光照调节包括亲虾活动区用遮阳网覆盖，幼体收集区用日光灯引诱。本发明的优点在于不同功能区域的分割及光照调节使幼体与亲虾在空间上有效分开，降低了亲虾对幼体的捕食率，从而大幅提高出苗量；同时还避免了因频繁的亲虾分选导致的胚胎脱落及亲虾死亡，提高了育苗存活率；可升降调节的幼体收集网可根据幼体孵化情况适时收集幼体，降低了劳动强度，提高了生产上的实用价值。The present invention relates to a method for significantly improving the survival rate of artificial rearing of white shrimp, specifically a method for separating and collecting larvae by utilizing the phototaxis of larvae; including the division of different functional areas in the hatching pool; and the light adjustment of different functional areas; The adjustable larva collection net is installed. The division of the functional area is to use a larger aperture screen to isolate the broodstock activity area and the larvae collection area; the light adjustment includes covering the broodstock activity area with a sunshade net, and using fluorescent lamps to lure the larvae collection area. The advantage of the present invention is that the segmentation of different functional areas and the light adjustment make the larvae and broodstock effectively separate in space, reduce the predation rate of the broodstock on the larvae, thereby greatly increasing the seedling emergence; Embryos fall off and broodstock die due to selection, which improves the survival rate of seedlings; the adjustable larvae collection net can collect larvae in time according to the hatching situation of larvae, which reduces labor intensity and improves the practical value in production.

Description

A kind of method of obvious raising dusky white prawn artificial breeding survival rate

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method that significantly improves dusky white prawn artificial breeding output of seedling, specifically a kind of young phototaxis of utilizing is carried out the method that the young separates and collects, and belongs to technical field of aquaculture.Utilize this technology can reduce in the dusky white prawn artificial breeding process close shrimp significantly, improve the survival rate of dusky white prawn artificial breeding, and can reduce labour intensity the predation rate of the young.

Background technology

Dusky white prawn is the shrimps of dwelling at the bottom of the warm band sea area, with yellow, Bohai Sea output is the highest, is one of distinctive 3 kinds of economic shrimps of China, its output is only second to Chinese prawn and Chinese shrimp.The dusky white prawn environmental suitability is strong, growth is fast, meat is good, economic worth is high, and the culturing economic considerable benefit is potential aquaculture shrimps kind.Dusky white prawn is low temperature resistant, and suitable salt scope is wide, can culture in freshwater through desalination, and its breed scope is wide, potentiality are big.At present existing about the dusky white prawn monoculture and the report of raising together with, but the batch production seed breeding technology of dusky white prawn stability and high efficiency set up as yet, culture that seed is many to be received tide by natural waters and obtain, the raising of cultured area and output is subjected to the seedling restriction obviously.Although the existing fragmentary report of the research of relevant dusky white prawn seed breeding, system not very at present, scale is also less, and the research that relates to ins and outs such as close shrimp accelerating, larval culture does not still have report.Therefore, the factorial seedling growth of carrying out the reproductive biology research of dusky white prawn and seed is very necessary, a Gonna breakthrough bottleneck of extensive seed rearing, as a new crustacean aquaculture kind, the breed of dusky white prawn has a extensive future, and economic benefit is worth expectation.For this reason, the research work that dusky white prawn expands numerous key technology has been carried out in laboratory, inventor place, has found some restrictive factors in dusky white prawn people seedling raising process, and has done accordingly and deal with.

The object of the present invention is to provide in a kind of effective solution dusky white prawn artificial breeding process the parent to young predation rate height, parent shrimp output of seedling is crossed problems such as low, and can reduce young collection work amount simultaneously, and then cultivate the artificial raise seedling method of dusky white prawn seed in enormous quantities.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to close shrimp, every problems such as close shrimp output of seedling excessively low, young collection work amount big higher in the dusky white prawn artificial breeding process to young predation rate; developed a kind of young phototaxis of utilizing and separated close shrimp and the young and in good time method of collecting the young, for the basis has been prepared in the breeding of dusky white prawn large-scale artificial.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

Utilize young phototaxis to separate and the collection dusky white prawn young, specifically comprise the steps:

1) the cutting apart of difference in functionality zone in the hatchery: utilize larger aperture screen clothes such as gauze (aperture with the young can be free by and close shrimp can not be by being advisable) hatchery is isolated into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts;

2) illumination in difference in functionality zone is regulated: set up the sunshade net on the top of close shrimp behaviour area to reduce intensity of illumination, the common fluorescent-lamp tube of suitable density is installed away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side at young collecting region.

3) fabrication and installation of the young collecting net of liftable adjusting: the young collecting net (120 orders are advisable) of making corresponding length and width size according to the real area of young collecting region, with nylon rope collecting net is fixed on lower floor in the young collecting region, the height of collecting net can be regulated by nylon rope and fixed block.

4) young is collected: according to the young density and the larval culture pond preparation of young collecting region, collect the young in good time.

In the hatchery of the present invention in the segmentation procedure in difference in functionality zone close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region top area than with 3-4: 1 is advisable, be advisable with 1-2m to the distance of young collecting region other end pool wall from separation net, oogenesis parent shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in close shrimp behaviour area, and seedling-cultivating method is cultivated close shrimp routinely.

The light irradiation regulating method in difference in functionality zone is in the hatchery of the present invention: set up the sunshade net on the top of whole close shrimp behaviour area (the sunshade rack is set to separation net extremely) this district's surface light is impinged upon about 500-1000lx (daytime), and young collecting region does not set up the sunshade net, and the position of 20-30cm common fluorescent tube (power 20-30W is installed away from the pool wall top of close shrimp behaviour area one side above the water surface at young collecting region, length 60-90cm), the density of fluorescent lamp is advisable with every meter 1-2 root, utilizes the phototaxis of the young to induce the young to pass separation net and gathers young collecting region from close shrimp behaviour area.

The fabrication and installation process of the young collecting net that liftable of the present invention is regulated is: make young collecting net 1-2 (120 orders are advisable) that the length and width size is 1 * 1-1.5m according to the real area of young collecting region, collecting net is made of square net in top and lower hopper shape net, wherein square net height 20-30cm, tie with the pars infundibularis knotting or with nylon rope during use, with nylon rope collecting net is fixed on lower floor in the young collecting region (hatchery depth of water 80-100cm, last network interface is apart from water surface 30-40cm).

Collection young method of the present invention is: young density and larval culture pond preparation according to young collecting region are collected the young in good time, by fixed block collecting net is risen when collecting the young, emit the young from the pars infundibularis below, being put into the larval culture pond behind the counting cultivates, after the young shifts out, collecting net is put back into original position is used for next young collection.

Major advantage of the present invention has:

1, the present invention utilizes the young freely to pass through and close shrimp is intransitable etc. that larger aperture screen cloth (as the screen window net) is isolated into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts with the hatchery, utilize the phototaxis of the dusky white prawn young simultaneously, the young is effectively separated with close shrimp, greatly reduced the predation rate of close shrimp the young.

2, traditional close shrimp that will hatch behind the young is in time taken out, easily causes the embryo who is embraced on the close shrimp belly pedes natatorii to come off to reduce close shrimp to the method for the predation rate of the young, and easily cause problems such as close shrimp death, and the present invention has avoided the generation of the problems referred to above because of the hatchery being divided into close shrimp behaviour area and young collecting region two parts, has greatly improved close shrimp availability and per weight parent shrimp output of seedling.

3, in the traditional prawn artificial breeding process; the young is collected can only be arranged in when changing water morning usually and carries out; and need be at delivery port position, bottom, hatchery drainage collection; the young reduces because of acquisition time length, the big vigor of water flow pressure through regular meeting, and workman's amount of labour is big, the operating space is narrow.The method that the present invention adopts collecting net to add fixed block is operated on top, hatchery, be about to shift with plastic basin band water when dried up the young, the whole young is collected operating time weak point in the transfer process, the young is not dried up and be under pressure little, so young vigor is better usually, and operating personnel are easy to operate, workload reduces.

4, the inventive method also extends to and has the oogenesis habit, uses in the artificial breeding of other crustaceans of feature such as the predation young etc. even viviparous fish.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is regulated in the profile and the illumination of difference in functionality Region Segmentation in the hatchery.

The young collecting net fabrication and installation schematic diagram that Fig. 2 regulates for liftable.

Among the figure: the common screen window net of 1.14 orders; 2. black sunshade net; 3.30W fluorescent lamp; 4. steel rack; 5. bolting silk net pars infundibularis; 6. nylon rope; 7. fixed block; 8. shake hands.

Embodiment

The indoor cement pit of embodiment 1 dusky white prawn is grown seedlings

The related functional area of present embodiment divides and illumination is regulated schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, and the composition of young collecting net as shown in Figure 2.

Present embodiment comprises the steps:

(1) the cutting apart of difference in functionality zone in the hatchery: the hatchery also is the parent shrimp rearing pond simultaneously, outward appearance is the rectangle cement pit of one 10.5 * 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * dark), (be about to the rectangle gauze and be parallel to the setting of cement pit width with the young collecting region that common gauze 1 (14 order) is partitioned into 2.0 * a 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * dark) near pool wall length direction one side 2M place, two ends are posted by on the pool wall about gauze, gauze bottom is posted by the bottom, pond, the water surface is stretched out on gauze top), opposite side is as close shrimp behaviour area;

(2) cultivation of close shrimp: in mid-June, 2011, transport the workshop of growing seedlings back from the oogenesis parent shrimp that natural waters is caught, be incubated in the close shrimp behaviour area (8.5 * 3.5 * 1.2M (long * wide * dark)) of indoor cement hatchery depth of water 80cm, cultivate 25-26 ℃ of water temperature, salinity 20-25 ‰, changes water, soil pick-up every day, Routine Management (Xu Guocheng, Xu Jiatao such as the clam worm fresh food of throwing something and feeding, in refined, Yan Binlun. dusky white prawn factorial seedling growth production technology research. Shandong fishery, 2008,25 (5): 1-3);

(3) illumination in difference in functionality zone is regulated: black sunshade net 2 is set up to reduce intensity of illumination in top, close shrimp behaviour area between nursery stage, fluorescent-lamp tube 3 totally 4 (power 30W, length 92.6cm) is installed and is kept 24h illumination in young collecting region one side away from the pool wall of close shrimp behaviour area;

(4) making of young collecting net and installation:

Adopt the bolting silk net to make, young collecting net is rectangle frame upper end open, that have the 0.2m height, and the bottom is a funnel-shaped structure, and the below of funnel-shaped structure is provided with young discharge port;

Make 2 of the young collecting nets (Fig. 2) that the length and width height is respectively 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.2m with 120 mesh sieve tulles, during use, collecting net upper end is fixed on respective shapes and size, and (the length and width height is respectively on 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.2m) the steel rack 4, the young discharge port of pars infundibularis 5 belows of collecting net ties with cotton rope or ties a knot, with nylon rope 6 (nylon rope 6 is fastened on steel rack 4) and 2 fixed blocks 7 (nylon rope 6 passes fixed block 7, and is provided with handle 8 in nylon rope 6 away from an end of collecting net) (pulley is fixed on top, hatchery and grows seedlings on the girder steel of workshop) collecting net is horizontally fixed on young collecting region middle and lower part water layer (going up network interface apart from water surface 30-40cm); When observing young collecting region and have the young to occur, young collecting net laid put in place;

(5) collection of the young: open fluorescent lamp and carry out illumination in 24 hours, the young passes gauze and enters young collecting region under light induction, water layer young density reaches 100 young/L when top, and cultivate under the ready situation in pond, the handle 8 of pulling collecting net far-end rises young collecting net, the young is emitted from collecting net pars infundibularis 5, the young is through sterilization, put into behind the counting and cultivate the conventional (Xu Guocheng of cultivation in pond, Xu Jiatao, in refined, Yan Binlun. dusky white prawn factorial seedling growth production technology research. the Shandong fishery, 2008,25 (5): 1-3), young collecting net is put back to young collecting region again, collects in order to the next young.

Show by the contrast experiment, take the close shrimp and the young to isolate and daylight light poly-after, the young collecting amount of per weight parent shrimp reaches 300-400 tail/g body weight, improves 50-100% than existing report (less than 200 tails/g body weight);

(6) young is cultivated (Xu Guocheng, Xu Jiatao, in refined, Yan Binlun. dusky white prawn factorial seedling growth production technology research. the Shandong fishery, 2008,25 (5): 1-3): adopt the halogen worm just to incubate nauplius and Articial bait making conventional seedbed system, under 25 ℃, salinity 20 ‰ conditions, the young is abnormal young shrimp (P1) for the long 5-6mm of body through about 11 days, and the abnormal survival rate between nursery stage is 50-60%.

The invention has the advantages that the difference in functionality zone cut apart and illumination is regulated the young and close shrimp is spatially effectively separated, reduced the predation rate of close shrimp, thereby significantly improved output of seedling the young; Also avoided simultaneously coming off and close shrimp death, improved the survival rate of growing seedlings because of the embryo that frequent close shrimp sorting causes; The young collecting net that liftable is regulated can be collected the young according to the young situation of hatching in good time, has reduced labour intensity, has improved the practical value of producing.

Claims

1. a method for significantly improving the emergence of white shrimp artificial breeding, characterized in that:

In the process of artificial breeding, the phototaxis of the larvae is used to separate and collect the larvae of the white shrimp, which specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Segmentation of different functional areas in the hatching pool: a long strip of isolation gauze is set in the middle of the hatching pool close to one side of the pool wall, and ordinary gauze is used to isolate the hatching pool into two parts: the broodstock activity area and the larvae collection area; The pore size of the gauze net should be such that the larvae can pass freely but the broodstock cannot pass through; and in the broodstock activity area of the hatching pond, the broodstock broodstock of the white shrimp are placed for hatching and culturing;

(2) Illumination adjustment in different functional areas: set up a sunshade net on the upper part of the parent shrimp activity area to reduce the light intensity, and install a fluorescent lamp on the upper part of the pool wall away from the parent shrimp activity area in the larvae collection area to increase the light intensity;

(3) The production and installation of the adjustable larvae collection net: make the larvae collection net less than the water surface size of the larvae collection area according to the actual size of the larvae collection area, and fix the collection net on the middle and lower layers of the larvae collection area with nylon ropes. The height can be adjusted by nylon rope;

(4) Collection of larvae: When the larvae cultivation conditions are ready and the larvae density in the larvae collection area is greater than 100 larvae/L, collect the larvae of the white shrimp immediately (or in time).

2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: hatching pond is advisable with 1-2m away from the distance of one end pool wall of broodstock activity area from isolation net to larvae collection area, is far away from isolation net to parent shrimp activity area. The distance between the pool wall at one end of the larvae collection area should be 4-8m. The broodstock with eggs should be stocked in the activity area of the broodstock, and the broodstock should be cultivated according to the conventional nursery method.

3. According to the method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the ratio of the upper mouth area of the broodstock activity area and the larvae collection area in the hatching pond is preferably 3-4:1.

4. according to the method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: at the top of the whole parent-child activity area, from the parent-child activity area away from one end of the isolation net to the top of the isolation net, erect a sunshade net to make the water surface in this area Daytime light is at 500-1000lx; And larvae collection area does not set up sunshade net, and in larvae collection area away from the pool wall upper part of broodstock activity area one side, install common fluorescent tube (power 20-30W, length 60-90cm), the density of fluorescent lamps is preferably 1-2 per meter, and the phototaxis of the larvae is used to induce the larvae to pass through the isolation net and gather from the broodstock activity area to the larvae collection area.

5. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

The larvae collection net is made of 120-mesh silk screen. The larvae collection net is a rectangular frame with an open upper end. The length and width of the rectangular frame are 1×1-1.5m. The bottom is a funnel-shaped structure. exit;

According to the actual area of the larvae collection area, 1-2 larvae collection nets are placed horizontally on the side of the larvae collection area near the fluorescent lamp. The collection nets are composed of an upper square net and a lower funnel-shaped net. The rectangular net is 20-30cm high. The funnel is knotted or tied with a nylon rope, and the collection net is fixed on the middle and lower layers of the larvae collection area with the nylon rope. The water depth of the hatching pool is 80-100cm, and the distance from the net to the water surface is 30-40cm.

6. according to the described method of claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: when the larvae cultivating pool is ready, and the larvae density in the larvae collection area is greater than 100 larvae/L, immediately (or in time) collects white shrimp larvae, When the larvae are collected, the collection net is raised by the nylon rope, and the larvae are released from the bottom of the funnel and counted and placed in the larvae cultivation tank for cultivation. After the larvae are removed, the collection net is returned to the original position for the next collection of larvae.

7. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

The isolation gauze is an ordinary gauze with a pore size of 10-15 mesh. the