CN103155221B - 用于制造具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统的方法 - Google Patents
用于制造具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造具有多个电池电芯(3)的电池模块或电池系统的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:提供多个电池电芯(3);借助电芯连接件将所述电池电芯互连以及在必要时进行布置,成为电池模块结构或电池系统结构;设置电池模块‑端子或电池系统‑端子(1);以及通过包覆模制将所述电池模块或电池系统的所有电池电芯(3)封装在一个共同的合成材料护套(4)中,使得所述电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯(3)和电芯连接件基本上完全地被合成材料护套(4)包围,其中所述电池模块‑端子或电池系统‑端子(1)保持可从外部接触。本发明还涉及一种可按照根据本发明的方法制造的电池模块或电池系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统的方法,以及涉及根据此方法制造的电池模块或电池系统。
背景技术
电池模块或电池系统包括可再充电的电蓄能器,该蓄能器在便携式消费电子设备和其它应用中的用途广泛,例如在部分或全部电驱动的机动车辆中。在汽车应用中,电池模块和电池系统以及特别是锂离子电池模块或电池系统被视为车辆驱动系统的电气化的关键技术。为此,需要具有高容量的电池模块和电池系统,优选具有不小于2或3Ah的容量。为此,这种高容量的电池模块和电池系统以及特别是锂离子电池模块和电池系统根据应用具体情况模块化地构造并且包括多个串联或并联地电连接的电池电芯。
对于这种技术的成功建立的一个重要的方面特别是在于,这些电池模块或电池系统能够经济且高效地制造。另一方面在于,此电池模块或电池系统尽可能地轻,使得装备有这些电池模块或电池系统和/或由这些电池模块或电池系统驱动的机动车辆在其效能方面受到的限制尽可能少。
在现有技术中描述的电池模块或电池系统、特别是高容量的锂离子电池模块或电池系统由复杂的方法制造,其中各个元件在大多数情况下以多重封装的方式存在,以实现组成部分的充分的固定、密封和/或绝缘。由此,所得到的电池模块和电池系统的制造昂贵、低效并且相对较重。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种用于制造具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统、特别是高容量电池模块或电池系统的方法,其避免或克服了所述现有技术的一个或多个缺点。
根据本发明的方法原则上包括以下步骤:
-提供多个电池电芯;
-借助电芯连接件将电池电芯互连以及在必要时进行布置,成为电池模块结构或电池系统结构;
-设置电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子;
-通过包覆模制将电池模块或电池系统的所有电池电芯封装在一个共同的、必要时为单件式的合成材料护套中,使得电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯和电芯连接件基本上完全地被合成材料护套包围,其中电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子保持可从外部接触。
根据本发明的方法使得,电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯嵌入在一个共同的合成材料护套中,从而合成材料护套用作电池模块或电池系统的共同壳体并且不再需要将元件额外封装在在其它单独壳体(例如铝制壳体)中。通过电池电芯嵌入在一个共同的、必要时为单件式的合成材料护套中,减小了由生产决定的非密封部位或泄漏的发生几率。要检查泄漏的零件和位置的数量也减少,因为不存在接合位置、焊缝或粘结位置。由此,总体上减小了待装配部件的数量,降低了加工成本并减小了过程中的错误几率。通过将各个电池电芯以及电芯连接件都完全地包含在共同的合成材料护套中,也实现了简化且改进的电芯电位的绝缘。
根据本发明的方法涉及具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统的制造。在此处,电池模块或电池系统理解为对电网或负载供给电能的装置,其包括具有至少一个电化学蓄能器的电池。蓄能器可以理解为用于本发明目的的通过电化学过程存储能量的任何蓄能器。蓄能器特别是如下地理解:其包含多个串联连接和/或必要时也并联连接的蓄电池电芯和/或电池电芯。电池模块或电池系统优选包括锂离子电芯类型的电池电芯,特别是如下类型:Li-Ion-锂离子蓄电池、LiPo-锂聚合物蓄电池、LiFe-锂金属蓄电池、Li-Mn-锂锰蓄电池、LiFePO4-磷酸铁锂蓄电池、LiTi-钛酸锂蓄电池。电池模块或电池系统总是具有多个电池电芯,这些电池电芯联合成功能单元。为此,电池模块或电池系统的各个电池电芯借助设置在端子上的电芯连接件导电地彼此连接,从而实现期望的电池模块或电池系统结构。一个电池系统可以具有一个或多个电池模块。
除了多个电池电芯之外,电池系统可以包括其它组成部分,例如冷却系统、用于关断电池系统或用于将电池系统与电网的其余部分分离的安全装置、和/或可以包括调节及控制单元的电池管理系统,这些调节及控制单元用于操作、用于受控地充电和放电以及用于监控电池的安全。
电池模块或电池系统优选为锂离子电池模块或系统,特别是标称容量≥2Ah、优选≥3Ah的锂离子电池模块或系统。
在根据本发明的方法中,首先提供多个电池电芯。电池电芯在大多数情况下具有卷包,该卷包包括被分隔层分开的两个电极。两个电极分别与从外部可接触的端子导电地连接。电池电芯可以分别单独地涂覆。为此,电池电芯例如可以分别密封在合成材料中、用铝箔包围和/或焊封在箔中,并提供这种电池电芯。
此外,一种可用的电池电芯具有电解质。出于制造和安全技术上的原因,在根据现有技术的方法中大部分情况下需要首先安装没有电解质的电池电芯,在完成装配后才将电解质填充到电池电芯中。相反地,在根据本发明的方法中可以提供和安装已经装有电解质的电池电芯。特别的是,在封装电池模块或电池系统之前为电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯填充电解质。这是可行的,因为电池电芯在完成封装之后被密封的合成材料护套包围,因此不再有可能释放电解质的风险。因此,也不需要单独焊接电池电芯的电解质注入孔。
在提供电池电芯之后,将电池电芯互连并在必要时进行相应的布置,成为期望的电池模块结构或电池系统结构。为此,各电池电芯的端子借助电芯连接件导电地彼此连接,使得电池电芯以期望的方式方法构成功能单元。在此处,电芯连接件的功能是实现电池电芯的端子之间的适当的导电连接。电芯连接件还可以实施成,借助电芯连接件不仅可以实现各电池电芯的互连,还可以实现它们的空间相对布置。在此处,电芯连接件不需要确保电池电芯的特别牢固且可承载的空间固定,因为电池电芯通过用合成材料包覆模制成为电池模块或电池系统的随后的封装提供了电池模块或电池系统所需的稳固性。合成材料在注射过程之后的收缩提供了电池电芯上的预紧,从而进一步抑制并基本上阻止了电池电芯相对于彼此的移动。由此实现了不再需要额外的将电池电芯保持在预定的相对空间布置中的固定件,例如螺栓或保持带。因此可以省去这种固定件。由此可以大幅度降低电池模块或电池系统的整体重量。
在将电池电芯互连且必要时进行布置之后,设置电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子。这些端子建立向外的导电连接,经由所述连接可以将电池模块或电池系统充电和/或放电。所述端子为通至负载或负载网的连接点并且在通过包覆模制封装之后仍可从外部接触。在此处,电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子与电池电芯的端子连接,使得电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯可以通过该连接充电和/或放电。
随后执行将电池模块或电池系统的所有电池电芯封装在一个共同的、优选单件式的合成材料护套中。通过用合成材料来包覆模制实现所述封装。包覆模制优选通过注塑过程实现并且实施成,电池模块或电池系统的所有电池电芯和电芯连接件基本上完全地被合成材料护套包围,进而在所有方向上与周围环境隔开。在此确保电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子保持从外部可接触。
在根据本发明的方法的一个优选变型中,电池模块或电池系统的封装通过在一个唯一的注塑过程中进行完全包覆模制而实现,从而形成一个共同的、单件式的合成材料护套,该合成材料护套作为壳体将电池模块或电池系统与外界隔开。通过这种实施方式实现了电池模块或电池系统的各元件的密封性的增强和绝缘性的改善。
对于包覆模制使用合成材料。此合成材料优选具有极小的比重,其比重(在正常条件下相对于水)特别是小于在电池壳体或电池电芯壳体的制造中经常使用的铝或铝合金的比重。由此可以显著减小电池模块或电池系统的总重量。特别是使用具有相对于铝更优的化学抵抗性和耐腐蚀性的合成材料。对于包覆模制优选使用合成材料或合成材料混合物,所述合成材料在此优选为聚合物。特别是可以使用包含聚合物或由聚合物构成的合成材料或合成材料混合物,所述聚合物选自聚酰胺(PA)、PA6、PA66、PA66/6、PA66/67、聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚酯(PES)、聚芳砜(PSU、PESU、PPSU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚甲醛(POM)和/或聚氨酯(PU/PUR)。聚合物可以例如通过玻璃纤维增强。
作为热熔胶粘剂(所谓的“热熔胶”)例如可以使用基于聚丙烯(PP)和/或聚乙烯(PE)的热塑性的热熔胶粘剂,和/或例如为聚氨酯(PU)、环氧树脂和/或聚酯树脂(UP)的反应性的热熔胶粘剂。热熔胶粘剂可以必要时与玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维组合地使用。
对于包覆模制优选使用包含填料的合成材料或合成材料混合物,填料的混入增强了合成材料或合成材料混合物的导热性。作为填料,例如可以使用氮化硼(BN)、氮化铝(AlN)、氧化铝(AL2O3),和/或氧化铍(BeO)以及由它们组成的混合物或包含一种或多种所述填料的混合物。所述填料的特征在于有利的导热性并且通过使用这样的填料可以提高整个系统的导热性。氮化硼的特征在于特别有利的导热性,同时在此种填料中保留了合成材料典型的特性,例如极小的重量以及很好的电绝缘性能。此外,混入氮化硼提高了由此形成的合成材料护套的耐磨性和耐温性。优选使用粉末形式的氮化硼。从ESK Ceramics GmbH&Co.KG公司以商标Boronid可得到合适的氮化硼。由于氮化硼的化学惰性,这种填料与几乎所有的商业可得的合成材料的相容性十分好。通过氮化硼的极小的密度本质上实现了在混合时合成材料或合成材料混合物的很小的密度。填料在合成材料护套的总混合物中的含量可以与所选的合成材料、填料以及电池模块或电池系统的具体规格有关。技术人员能够在日常活动的范围内确定填料在总混合物中的适当的浓度。
除了电池电芯和电芯连接件之外,电池模块或电池系统的其它组成部分也可以被合成材料护套包围。在此处,所述其它组成部分可以是冷却装置的组成部分。在合成材料护套中可以集成地设有其它组成部分。由此,在合成材料护套中可以例如集成有或设有固定点和/或连接点以及例如用于夹紧板或夹紧带的支架或导引件。
在合成材料护套中可以集成有至少一个安全阀,从而例如可以将在电池模块或电池系统的内部中的过压释放到周围环境。此安全阀可以构造为规定断裂点的形式,特别是此安全阀可以设计为防爆装置。
在根据本发明的方法中,电池模块或电池系统的密封能够以多种方式实现。首先通过以下方式已经实现了端子处的密封作用,即在包覆模制之后根据所谓的“软管(Hosen)”技术充分利用合成材料的收缩,该技术用在电气插头的密封或绝缘中。代替地或额外地,电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子可以在封装之前分别设有密封元件,该密封元件随后一同被包覆模制。通过在注射时的压力以及随后合成材料的收缩,密封件被压缩并被介质密封。这种密封元件可以例如实施为嵌入部件并且被附加,相当于O形环密封件。然而,这种密封件也可以借助用弹性体的单独的注塑过程直接附加在电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子上。
本发明还涉及一种电池模块或电池系统,其按照根据本发明的方法制造或者可按照根据本发明的方法制造。
本发明还包括一种机动车辆,其包含根据本发明的电池模块或电池系统。在此处重要的是,机动车辆和电池模块或电池系统并非构成一个结构单元,而是机动车辆和根据本发明的电池模块或电池系统处于功能性接触中,使得电池模块或电池系统可以在机动车辆的工作中执行其功能。在此处,术语“机动车辆”理解为所有被驱动的车辆,其具有用于对机动车辆的至少一个元件提供能量的电池模块或电池系统,与该机动车辆具有何种驱动装置无关。特别地,术语“机动车辆”包括HEV(混合电动车辆)、PHEV(插电式混合动力车辆)、EV(电动车辆)、燃料电池车辆以及使用电池系统来至少部分地供应电能的所有车辆。
附图说明
参照附图及以下的说明对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。附图中:
图1示出了按照本发明的方法制造的电池模块的端子区域的纵向剖视示意图,
图2示出了按照本发明的方法制造的电池模块的水平剖切面的俯视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了按照本发明的方法制造的电池模块的端子区域的纵向剖视示意图。在此处,示出的电池模块-端子1由密封元件2包围。端子1与电池模块的一个电池电芯3导电地连接。在通过包覆模制封装之后,电池模块的电池电芯3及密封元件2都被共同的单件式的合成材料护套4包围且与环境绝缘。
在图2中示出了按照本发明的方法制造的电池模块的多个电池电芯3在封装之后如何布置。在此处可见,电池模块的所有电池电芯3被共同的单件式的合成材料护套4包围且固定在一起。仅有电池模块-端子1从合成材料护套4伸出,使得其可从外部接触。
Claims (16)
1.用于制造具有多个电池电芯的电池模块或电池系统的方法,包括以下步骤:
-提供多个电池电芯(3);
-借助电芯连接件将所述电池电芯(3)互连以及在必要时进行布置,成为电池模块结构或电池系统结构;
-设置电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子(1);
-通过包覆模制将所述电池模块或电池系统的所有电池电芯(3)封装在一个共同的合成材料护套(4)中,使得所述电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯(3)和电芯连接件基本上完全地被合成材料护套(4)包围,其中所述电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子(1)保持能够从外部接触,
其特征在于,用于包覆模制所述电池模块或电池系统的合成材料混有填料,其中作为填料使用氮化硼(BN)、氮化铝(AlN)、氧化铝(AL2O3),和/或氧化铍(BeO)以及由它们组成的混合物或包含一种或多种所述填料的混合物,其中所述电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子(1)在所述电池模块或电池系统的封装之前分别设有密封元件(2)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中对于包覆模制使用合成材料,该合成材料包含以下物质或由以下物质构成,即聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚芳砜、聚甲醛和/或聚氨酯。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电池模块或电池系统的一个、多个或所有电池电芯(3)是锂离子电池电芯。
5.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电池模块或电池系统的一个、多个或所有电池电芯(3)在互连之前以单独包覆的形式提供。
6.按照权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述电池模块或电池系统的一个、多个或所有电池电芯(3)在互连之前单独地由合成材料密封、焊封在箔中和/或由Al箔包围。
7.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电池模块或电池系统的电池电芯(3)在所述电池模块或电池系统的封装之前填充电解质。
8.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述密封元件(2)是嵌入部件并被嵌入。
9.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述密封元件(2)借助用弹性体注塑直接附加在所述电池模块-端子或电池系统-端子(1)上。
10.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电池模块或电池系统的封装通过在一个唯一的注塑过程中进行的完全包覆模制而实现。
11.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述电池模块或电池系统的封装中集成有至少一个安全阀。
12.按照权利要求11所述的方法,其中该安全阀为规定断裂点。
13.按照权利要求11所述的方法,其中该安全阀为防爆装置。
14.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述填料提高导热性并且使用粉末形式的氮化硼。
15.能够根据按照前述权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法制造的电池模块或电池系统。
16.机动车辆,包括按照权利要求15所述的电池模块或电池系统。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2012016737A3 (de) | 2012-04-05 |
WO2012016737A2 (de) | 2012-02-09 |
JP6072683B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
EP2601698B1 (de) | 2014-04-02 |
CN103155221A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
EP2601698A2 (de) | 2013-06-12 |
JP2013535788A (ja) | 2013-09-12 |
US20130209851A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
DE102010038862A1 (de) | 2012-02-09 |
US9343717B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
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