CN103130566A - Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer - Google Patents
Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber. The adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for the cucumber comprises, by mass, 20%-25% of cementation slow-release fertilizer and 75%-80% of cementation-coated slow release fertilizer. The preparation of the adjustable slow release BB fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking organic materials which are treated harmlessly and stably as a nutrient carrier; adjusting the intensity and the durability of fertilizer supply; adjusting the releasing time of the fertilizer by means of an organic polymer slow-release agent (cementation agents and coating agents), preparing the cementation slow-release fertilizer and the cementation-coated slow release fertilizer which release nutrients at different time period by means of a granular process of an aggregation method and a self-developing coating process; and mixing and combining the cementation fertilizer and the cementation coating fertilizer with different nutrient releasing time segments in proportion by means of the BB fertilizer technology and according to the fertilizer requirement law of each growth period of the cucumber, and therefore, one-time fertilizing can directly satisfy requirement of nutrient fertilizer of crops in each growth period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecotope field, be specifically related to controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer of a kind of cucumber in greenhouse special use and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Facilities vegetable is the new industry that grows up the nineties in 20th century, and national cultivated area has reached more than 5,000 ten thousand mu.There is the phenomenon of blindly applying fertilizer in China on facilities vegetable, main manifestations is: one, excess fertilising, and the survey showed that, and the facilities vegetable rate of fertilizer application generally surpasses 3-5 times of its requirement.Shijiazhuang District cucumber in greenhouse nitrogen excess 3-6 times, phosphorus element excess 4-15 doubly; Two, organic fertilizer application quantity not sufficient, fertilizer amount are large, the annual application of organic fertilizers 120-225t/hm of Shouguang, Shandong facilities vegetable
2(take chicken manure and pig manure as main), high-concentration compound fertilizer (N-P is all used in 56% greenhouse
2O
5-K
2O=15-15-15), annual N, P of greenhouse production
2O
5And K
2The average input amount of O reaches respectively 4088,3656 and 3438kg/hm
2Three, the fertilizer nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, and vegetables require the many phosphorus of potassium few, General N: P
2O
5: K
2The O assimilation ratio is 1: 0.3-0.5: 1.0-1.5, and applicating ratio is 1: 0.6-1.0: 0.4-0.7.
To the analysis showed that of intensive vegetable filed 633 the topsoil soils samples in the whole nation, it is low-level during whole nation principal facility horticultural vegetable field soil organic content generally is in, soil organic matter content accounts for 34% of total soil sample number lower than the soil sample number of its threshold value (20g/kg), be in the high-content level (〉=40g/kg) be only 12.0%, the factors such as this and organic fertilizer application are not enough, fertilizer amount is large are closely related, should regulate and control and optimize the organic and inorganic fertilizer usage ratio.Protected horticultural vegetable field soil nitric nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium accumulate in a large number, and 49% pedotheque nitrate nitrogen content is more than 100mg/kg (high level level), and 32% sample is more than 150mg/kg (high-content level); Soil quick-effective phosphor accounts for 65% over 100mg/kg's (high level level), and what surpass 150mg/kg (high-content level) accounts for 46%; Soil Available potassium accounts for 58% over 200mg/kg's (high level level), and what surpass 300mg/kg (high-content level) accounts for 38%.The loss of soil phosphorus is the important sources that the water systems'phosphorus element pollutes, and more than protected horticultural vegetable field soil available phosphorus contents 100mg/kg, will consist of the risk of environmental pollution.Because rate of fertilizer application is large, plant recovery of nutrient is low, and a large amount of Nitrogen Leachings cause Nitrate content in ground water (NO to underground water
3 -) all over 50mg/L, wherein be up to 500mg/L; Soil quick-effective phosphor is a large amount accumulation in soil, and when soil phosphorus was accumulated to certain value, adsorption by soil phosphorus reached capacity, and the movability of phosphorus increases, and phosphorus has the phenomenon that moves down at section.In protected horticultural vegetable field soil, the nitric nitrogen of a large amount and available phosphorus contents have consisted of serious threat to ecotope.
Cucumber is one of topmost vegetable species in facilities vegetable; be badly in need of wanting the slow release fertilizer of special use, to realize the time lock of protected horticultural vegetable field soil nutrient supply and cucumber nutrition absorption, improve the manure resources utilization ratio; the protection agroecological environment, the sustainable use of support facility field of vegetables.
In recent years, relevant slow-release fertilizer report mostly is coating urea, and coated material mostly is the material that sulphur and resin etc. are insoluble in water, the fair 10%-20% that accounts for of coated material.Due to the dilution of coated material, product available nutrient content is descended, price is also high simultaneously.Cost as the sulfur coated urea nitrogen per ton of the U.S. approximately is enhanced about more than once, because price is high, product multiplex in the lawn, flowers, nursery etc.
Felted slow-release fertilizer, adhesive coating type slow-release fertilizer are the new ideas that the measure of applicant's combined process proposes, and developed multiple slow-release material (jointing compound or coating agent), at Chinese patent ZL200410091315.8, a kind of " nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymer as fertilizer cementing coating agent preparation method " disclosed successively; " a kind of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture fertilizer coating cementing agent production method " disclosed at Chinese patent ZL200310116857.1; " a kind of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent production method " disclosed at Chinese patent ZL200410088477.6.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of a kind of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer for solving the problems such as existing utility Vegetable field amount is large, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is not enough and the fertilizer nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, the manure resources utilization ratio is low.
The special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of described cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer in mass ratio by 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer forms.
The jointing compound of described felted slow-release fertilizer material is one or more in PVA mixed polymers, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture, foam plastic mixed polymer; Described cementing-the coating agent of enveloped slow release fertilizer is foam plastic mixed polymer; Described jointing compound and coating agent are nano level-submicron order.
The composition of above-mentioned jointing compound or coating agent and preparation method are Chinese patent ZL200410091315.8, ZL200310116857.1 and the described composition of ZL200410088477.6 and preparation method.
Described fertilizer is comprised of 30～50% chemical fertilizer butt and 50～70% fertilizer butt by quality.
Press quality N: P in described chemical fertilizer
2O
5: K
2O=0.8～1.2: 0.2～0.5: 1.0～1.5 are carried out composite, preferred N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.3: 1.1, be used for laterally regulation and control nutrient demand, be balance fertilizing.
Described fertilizer is the organic materials through innoxious and stabilization treatment.Innoxious and stabilization is the basic demand of organic fertilizer definition, processes as biological fermentation.Being used for vertical conditioned fertilizer product nutrient supply intensity and persistence, is running balance.Wherein, organic content is that 30～60%, pH value is 5.5～6.8 by quality, through drying, pulverize, cross 50～60 mesh sieves.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are joined by the butt quality join;
(2) fertilizer to step (1) gained adds jointing compound, adopts pellet granulation technique to prepare the felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(3) fertilizer to step (1) gained adds jointing compound, adopts pellet granulation technique to prepare the felted slow-release fertilizer material, re-uses the coating agent, and the felted slow-release fertilizer material is carried out coating, prepares cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer;
(4) in mass ratio with 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer mixes and namely gets described controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer.
Step (2), the described granulating method technique of step (3) are take jointing compound, water, steam and fertilizer solution as the granulation liquid phase, the preparation felted slow-release fertilizer.Granulating method is the main method of present composite fertilizer processing, and reason is that the base fertilizer major part of China is granular.This method is cohered granulating by means of the liquid phase that water, steam and fertilizer solution form, and relends and helps the external force extrusion molding.
The described chemical fertilizer of step (1) is the granular base fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer and fertilizer enter granulating system through automatic blending, fragmentation.
The described jointing compound of step (2) and step (3) is heated to 50～60 ℃ when using, and is 1～2% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
The described coating agent of step (3) is heated to 50～60 ℃ when using, and is 2～3% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
The described coating process of step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) preheating: felted slow-release fertilizer material particle surface is preheated to 50～60 ℃;
(2) coating is dry: the felted slow-release fertilizer material after described preheating is kicked up forms the material curtain through afflux, and the coating agent is uniformly coated on described material curtain through pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, simultaneously and following current hot gas contact drying, transpiring moisture;
(3) face powder is cooling: the described slow-release fertilizer after coating adopts the above talcum powder of 200 orders to apply powder, simultaneously with the counter-flow air contact cooling to room temperature;
(4) screening: selecting sieve aperture is that 8～10 orders turn sieve, and the cooled fertilizer of apply powder sieves and sieves, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, the minus sieve material returns again applies powder.
Described coating process is carried out in encapsulation tool, described encapsulation tool main body is rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell, described cylindrical shell two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed and discharge port, begin cylindrical shell from opening for feed and are provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and sieve the district; Described preheating zone and coating drying zone inwall are evenly distributed with " Γ " shape material lifting flights vertically; Described coating drying zone center vertically is provided with for the afflux bed of afflux fertilizer formation material curtain with for the nozzle that sprays the coating agent that atomizes; Described screening district is provided with and turns sieve.
Know-why of the present invention is mainly according to the demand of each growth cycle of cucumber to fertilizer.The breeding cycle of cucumber roughly is divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In the cucumber in greenhouse cultivation, bear fruit from seedling replanting field planting to the 1 inflorescence, be generally about 40 days, be generally about 90 days to all gather (claiming again to uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested) from bearing fruit.For the ease of joining fertile design, cucumber in greenhouse is divided into two stages breeding time: seedling-flowering period (sit to the 1st inflorescence fruit from buddingging and firmly be called flowering period) and fruiting period (sit extremely from the 1st inflorescence fruit and all gather).Nourishing and growing of cucumber gone forward side by side with reproductive growth, and the time is long, and output is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and happiness is fertile but not anti-fertilizer is typical fruits and vegetables melon crop.The output of cucumber in greenhouse is generally 8000-12000kg/ mu and (or uses 666.7m
2Expression).From the seedling replanting field planting to all gathering in the crops, cucumber generally needs applied nitrogen (in N) 50-70kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer (with P the time of infertility
2O
5Meter) 20-30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is (with K
2The O meter) 55-75kg/ mu, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.3-0.6: 1.1-1.5.Seedling-flowering period fertilizer requirement accounts for the 20%-25% of whole breeding time of fertilizer requirement, and the fruiting period fertilizer requirement accounts for 75%-80%.
Given this, the present invention adopts the technical scheme of controllable sustained-release " BB is fertile ", two kinds of nutrients are discharged different slow release fertilizers of period to carry out the blending combination and obtains the dedicated fertilizer that substantially coincide with the cucumber regulation of fertilizer requirement, wherein, the felted slow-release fertilizer material accounts for the 20%-25% of total fertilization amount, satisfy the nutrient demand in cucumber seedling-flowering period, adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer accounts for the 75%-80% of total fertilization amount, satisfies the nutrient demand of cucumber fruiting period.
Controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, be a kind of slow-release material with special efficacy through innoxious and organic materials stabilization treatment, the carrier of as fertilizer sources nutrient, but conditioned fertilizer product fertilizer providing intensity and persistence.
2, by selecting different water-soluble polymer slow-release material (jointing compound and adhesive coating agent) physical regulating fertilizer nutrient time of releasing, adopt pellet granulation technique to combine with coating process, the preparation different time sections discharges the slow release fertilizer of nutrient, adopt the BB fertilizer technology, according to each growing stage of cucumber in greenhouse to the demand percentage of nutrient and intensive vegetable filed soil fertility, take fertilizer nitrogen (N) element as benchmark, the blending combination in proportion of the cementing fertilizer that the nutrient-lapsed time section is different and adhesive coating fertilizer, form " controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer that nutrient release rate or release period and each growing stage regulation of fertilizer requirement of cucumber in greenhouse coincide substantially, realize that single-dose application can satisfy the cucumber in greenhouse nutrient demand in the time of infertility.
3, organic nutrient combines with inorganic nutrients, and nutrient is comprehensive, and the fertilizer efficiency emergency is helped mutually, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, both can satisfy crop to the demand of nutrient, can guarantee again the quality of crop, and maintenance of soil fertility does not fail.
4, the melon-fruit-like vegetable regulation of fertilizer requirement such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pimento have its general character, according to the cucumber nutrient uptake feature of each breeding time, cementing fertilizer and adhesive coating is fertile in demand ratio blending combination, namely become the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of the melon-fruit-like vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pimento fertilizer.
Explanation of nouns:
1, slow-release fertilizer: refer to fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen have the effect of slow release in soil.At present the domestic and international slow-release fertilizer standard that adopts be take nitrogen in 24 hours water initial stage solubility rate and in 48 hours earth pillar drench rate or differential solubility rate as index.The suggestion of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad refers to the fertilizer that nitrogen begins to discharge more than 20 days in soil.
2, fertilizer: refer to reach innoxious and form with the stabilization standard, meet a class fertilizer of relevant national standard (NY525-2002) and rules.Innoxious and stabilization specially refers to the treating processes that various organic wastes adopt physics, chemistry, biology or three to have concurrently, is the process of eliminating objectionable impurities, forming stable organizational structure.
3, organic compound slow-release fertilizer: with the organic materials as fertilizer sources nutrient carrier through innoxious and stabilization treatment, composite chemical fertilizer, and by the formed mixed organic fertilizer with sustained release performance of organic polymer slow-release material conditioned fertilizer product nutrient release rate, its product can extend the time of releasing of Nitrogen element, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizer.Nutrient-lapsed time depends on character and the consumption of slow-release material (jointing compound and coating agent).
4, felted slow-release fertilizer: the granulated fertilizer that adopts cementing (bonding) agent preparation with sustained release performance.
5, cementing-envelope type slow release is fertile: the granulated fertilizer that forms at felted slow-release fertilizer particle surface parcel one deck film forming material (coating agent).The effect of coating agent is to extend the time of releasing of fertilizer nutrient, postpones nutrient and discharges the peak period, satisfies simultaneously and stores, transports and use requirement.
6, nitrogen discharges the period: in referring to that fertilizer nitrogen is released into soil basically in section sometime from fertilizer.
7, controllable sustained-release " BB is fertile " technology: BB is fertile, and English is Bulk blendingfertilizer, and full name is bulk blended fertilizer in bulk.It is a kind of composite fertilizer that has the blending according to a certain percentage of single fertilizer or compound manure to form several particulate state.Controllable sustained-release " BB is fertile " technology is the slow release fertilizer that uses different slow-release materials or adopt different technique preparations, and namely fertilizer nutrient different granulated fertilizer time of releasing carries out the technology of blending combination according to a certain percentage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fertile preparation technology's schema of controllable sustained-release BB of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of encapsulation tool of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of encapsulation tool of the present invention;
In figure: 1. cylindrical shell; 2. opening for feed; 3. discharge port; 4. material lifting flights; 5. afflux bed; 6. nozzle; 7. axial support; 8. face powder device; 9. turn sieve; 10. powder discharge opening.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The preparation method of the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of embodiment 1 cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer
1, raw material:
1.1 inorganic fertilizer
(1) urea: contain N46%;
(2) monoammonium phosphate: contain P
2O
545%, contain N11%;
(3) vitriolate of tartar: contain K
2O 50%;
(4) Repone K: contain K
2O 60%.
1.2 organic raw material
The present embodiment adopts the fermentation maturity chicken manure.According to 31 some fermentation test results, press butt and calculate, organic content 37.0%-43.8%, pH value 5.5-6.8 is through drying, pulverize, cross 50-60 mesh sieve (sieve diameter 0.30-0.25mm).
1.3 auxiliary material
Jointing compound, coating agent, talcum powder.
In general, binder dosage is the 1-2% of fertilizer butt quality; The coating agent is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality; Amount of talc is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality.
2, the raw material ginseng is joined
In mass ratio, organic raw material accounts for 50% of fertilizer total amount, and inorganic fertilizer and auxiliary material account for 50%.
In inorganic fertilizer, potash fertilizer uses vitriolate of tartar and Repone K, wherein K
2O respectively accounts for 50%, presses N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: ginseng was joined in 0.3: 1.1.
In finished product fertilizer, the content of chemical fertilizer N is 10%, chemical fertilizer P
2O
5Content be 3%, chemical fertilizer K
2The content of O is 11%.
Table 1 slow-release BB fertilizer material raw materials quality (butt)
3, felted slow-release fertilizer material preparation
Adopt pellet granulation technique, jointing compound adds system to be comprised of Sandwich pot, force (forcing) pump and the jointing compound atomizing and spraying apparatus of belt stirrer.
Granulation is comprised of workshop sections such as automatic blending and granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, metering packings.
(1) at first jointing compound is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water be heated to 50-60 ℃ standby.
(2) granulation: organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, auxiliary material philosophy are delivered in storage bin in automatic blending workshop section; according to cucumber in greenhouse, the demand percentage (table 1) of nutrient is distinguished feed in the measuring belt scale; in pulverizer, material is carried out the fragmentation mixing by collecting belt feeding; after continuous double shaft mixer carries out the secondary stirring mixing, send into rotary drum (or disk) granulator granulation by conveyor again.According to batching system, suitable temperature of charge is 50-80 ℃, regulates by quantity of steam; The material moisture that is fit to is 2.5%-6%, adds system to be aided with water feeding system by jointing compound and regulates.The jointing compound add-on is 1% of fertilizer butt quality.
(3) finished product after granulation through the oven dry, cooling, the screening workshop section, the finished product of particle diameter in the standard allowed band is the felted slow-release fertilizer material.The preferred 2-5mm of particle diameter, large and small returning charge is returned and is collected conveyor granulation again after fragmentation.
4, adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer preparation
Above-mentioned felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product is entered coating workshop section through rotary conveyor, with coating agent parcel, be cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer.Its technical process is as follows:
4.1 encapsulation tool (seeing Fig. 2)
(1) equipment body: be rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell 1, cylindrical shell 1 two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed 2 and discharge port 3, are provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and screening district from opening for feed 2 beginning cylindrical shells.
Wherein, the preheating zone is used for preheating of described cementing fertilizer, and the fertilizer of coating drying zone after to preheating is coated with coating with dry, and the face powder cooling zone is used for the face powder of fertilizer after coating with cooling, and the screening district is used for sieving of fertilizer after face powder, fine powder reuse under sieve.
At present, all adopt and hot gas Contact Heating mode in existing preheating, dry industry, as the hot furnace gas of fire coal, oil, Sweet natural gas etc.
Preheating zone and coating drying zone cylinder inboard wall are evenly distributed with a plurality of " Γ " shape material lifting flights 4 vertically, and during the cylindrical shell rotation, material lifting flights can be kicked up fertilizer with the cylindrical shell rotation.The coating drying zone also is provided with the fertilizer of being kicked up for afflux and forms the afflux bed 5 of material curtain and be used for spraying the nozzle 6 of atomizing coating agent, the flat board of described afflux bed 5 for tilting, fertilizer is kicked up in cylindrical shell by material lifting flights, after the afflux bed, can form material curtain uniformly in dropping process; Described nozzle 6 is connected with the device that stores the coating agent, in order to spray the coating agent after atomizing on fertilizer material curtain.Afflux bed and nozzle are arranged on cylindrical shell center vertically, for example, can be fixed on an axial support 7.The cylindrical shell sectional view of coating drying zone as shown in Figure 3.
Coating and drying are synchronously carried out, and the present embodiment adopts coal fuel heating furnace gas heat drying mode, the moisture that the agent of evaporation coating is brought into.
The face powder cooling zone is provided with face powder device 8, and the face powder device is the common device in this area.Cooling after face powder also can be adopted various ways, and as air cooling, oil cooling etc., the present embodiment adopts cooling air mode.
The screening district is provided with and turns sieve 9, and the described screen-aperture that turns sieve is the 8-10 order.The screening district also is provided with the powder discharge opening.
(2) auxiliary facility: the nozzle 6 of coating drying zone is connected with the coating agent storage tank outside coating cylinder cylindrical shell, and coating agent storage tank is the Sandwich pot of belt stirrer.Be provided with the pressurizing atomizing device between coating agent storage tank and nozzle, (pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), valve, under meter etc. form, and are all the common apparatus of this area by pressure pump.
4.2 cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer preparation process
(1) coating agent pre-treatment: the coating agent is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water and be heated to 50-60 ℃.
(2) coating coating: particle diameter 2-5mm felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product enters in encapsulation tool by opening for feed through rotary conveyor, and described fertilizer is introduced into the preheating zone preheating, makes the fertiliser granulates surface heating to 50-60 ℃; Fertilizer through preheating enters the coating drying zone, kick up and import the afflux bed by the material lifting flights that is positioned at this district and form the material curtain, the coating agent is through being uniformly coated on described material curtain by the nozzle ejection after pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, contact with the hot furnace gas of following current simultaneously and evaporates the moisture that the coating agent is brought into; Fertilizer after coating enters the face powder cooling zone, adopts the above talcum powder of 200 orders to apply powder by the face powder device, simultaneously with the cold air flow contact cooling that passes into to room temperature; The cooled fertilizer of face powder is entered the sieve that turns in screening district, cross 8～10 mesh sieves, undersize material is discharged by the powder discharge opening and is returned to re-using, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, and discharged by discharge port.
5, the preparation of the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer
Account for 20% of whole breeding time of fertilizer requirement according to cucumber in greenhouse seedling-flowering period fertilizer requirement, fruiting period accounts for 80% and calculates.Rate of fertilizer application is in chemical fertilizer N, presses 50-70kgN/ mu and calculates, and the organic compound slow release fertilizer of felted accounts for 20%, the organic compound slow release fertilizer of adhesive coating type accounts for 80% ratio and carries out the blending combination, namely becomes the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer.
1, felted and cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer
Adopt embodiment 1 production method, take equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung as raw material, obtain following 6 kinds of slow release fertilizers, be respectively:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(4), cementing, the foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers;
(5) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture;
(6) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer.
2, controllable sustained-release " BB is fertile "
Adopt controllable sustained-release " BB is fertile " technology, obtain following 3 kinds of slow release fertilizers, be respectively:
(1) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers+80% nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers is cementing, the foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer;
(2) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture+80% nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer;
(3) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer+80% nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer.
3, felted and cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer discharge the period at the Nitrogen In Soils element
(soil water content is the 70%-80% of maxmun field capacity to red soil to select the brown moisture soil of Changping County, Beijing and Jiangxi Province to recommend properly qualified persons for service; Temperature: 15 ℃-25 ℃).Take urea as contrast, nitrogen discharges more than 98% in 2 weeks in soil and is converted into nitric nitrogen.It is as follows that different cementing type and adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer nitrogen discharge the period:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the rear 30-80d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer: the rear 50-80d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer: the rear 40-90d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
(4) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertile: the rear 100-150d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
(5) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertile: the rear 100-150d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
(6) the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertile: the rear 100-150d nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98%;
, high humidity high due to temperature in facility plastic greenhouse, fertilizer nutrient release rate and above-mentioned test-results have certain gap, need during application to proofread and correct according to manure trial.
4, manure trial
(1) test site and soil overview
Tested in 2009 and carry out in the Xiqing District winter warm type big shack of Tianjin, soil is moisture soil, and quality is medium loam.Soil organic matter content 2.5%, nitric nitrogen (N) 186.2mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P
2O
5) 285.0mg/kg, available potassium (K
2O) 404.0mg/kg.Residential quarter area 20m
2(4m * 5m), repeat 3 times.February 25 the survival after transplant cucumber seedling.
(2) fertilizer
The fertilizer raw material: the fermentation maturity chicken manure, total amount of organic (calculating by air dried basis) is 40.4%.
Chemical fertilizer raw material: urea contains N 46%; Monoammonium phosphate contains P
2O
545%, N 11%; Vitriolate of tartar contains K
2O 50%; N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.3: 1.1.By chemical fertilizer N amount, every mu of amount of application is 60kgN, and contrast also is provided with equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung control treatment except the blank that do not apply fertilizer.
(3) test-results
Compare with equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung control treatment:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 7.5%-8.2%;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 8.6%-10.2%;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 9.1%-10.3%;
(4) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers+80% nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers is cementing, foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer volume increase 18.5%-20.4%;
(5) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture+80% nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer volume increase 20.2%-22.4%;
(6) the 20% cementing fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer+80% nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer Envelope type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer volume increase 23.8%-24.5%;
Test-results is processed (1) (2) (3) for to use cementing fertilizer or adhesive coating fertilizer to the effect of increasing production of cucumber separately, and amplification is within the 7.5%-10.3% scope.Process (4) (5) (6) and be cementing fertilizer and adhesive coating fertilizer in proportion the blending of 20%: 80% make up fertilizer, amount of increase in production is larger, amplification is in the 18.5%-24.5% scope.
Cucumber in greenhouse rate of fertilizer application in the time of infertility also will be considered intensive vegetable filed soil fertility.Formulate different fertilising strategies for the different fertility states of field of vegetables: high fertility soil, reduce fertilising; Medium fertility soil, the maintenance fertilising; Low fertility soil suitably enriches fertilizer.
Although above used general explanation, embodiment and experiment, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer, is characterized in that, in mass ratio by 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer forms.
2. controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the jointing compound of described felted slow-release fertilizer material is one or more in PVA mixed polymers, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture, foam plastic mixed polymer; Described cementing-the coating agent of enveloped slow release fertilizer is foam plastic mixed polymer.
3. controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described jointing compound and coating agent are nano level-submicron order.
4. controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer is comprised of 30～50% chemical fertilizer and 50～70% fertilizer by the butt quality.
5. controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described chemical fertilizer is by quality proportioning N: P
2O
5: K
2O=0.8～1.2: 0.2～0.5: 1.0～1.5 are carried out composite, preferred N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.3: 1.1; Described fertilizer is the organic materials through innoxious and stabilization treatment, and wherein organic content is 30～60% by quality, and the pH value is 5.5～6.8, through drying, pulverize, cross 50～60 mesh sieves.
6. the preparation method of the described controllable sustained-release BB of claim 1-5 any one fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are joined by the butt quality join;
(2) fertilizer to step (1) gained adds jointing compound, adopts pellet granulation technique to prepare the felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(3) fertilizer to step (1) gained adds jointing compound, adopts pellet granulation technique to prepare the felted slow-release fertilizer material, re-uses the coating agent, and the felted slow-release fertilizer material is carried out coating, prepares cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer;
(4) in mass ratio with 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer mixes and namely gets described controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the described jointing compound of step (2) and step (3) is heated to 50～60 ℃ when using, and is 1～2% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
8. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the described coating agent of step (3) is heated to 50～60 ℃ when using, and is 2～3% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
9. according to claim 6-8 described preparation methods of any one, is characterized in that, the described coating process of step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) preheating: felted slow-release fertilizer material particle surface is preheated to 50～60 ℃;
(2) coating is dry: the felted slow-release fertilizer material after described preheating is kicked up forms the material curtain through afflux, and the coating agent is uniformly coated on described material curtain through pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, simultaneously and following current hot gas contact drying, transpiring moisture;
(3) face powder is cooling: the described slow-release fertilizer after coating adopts the above talcum powder of 200 orders to apply powder, simultaneously with the counter-flow air contact cooling to room temperature;
(4) screening: selecting sieve aperture is that 8～10 orders turn sieve, and the cooled fertilizer of apply powder sieves and sieves, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, the minus sieve material returns again applies powder.
10. preparation method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described coating process is carried out in encapsulation tool, described encapsulation tool main body is rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell, described cylindrical shell two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed and discharge port, begin cylindrical shell from opening for feed and are provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and sieve the district; Described preheating zone and coating drying zone inwall are evenly distributed with " Γ " shape material lifting flights vertically; Described coating drying zone center vertically is provided with for the afflux bed of afflux fertilizer formation material curtain with for the nozzle that sprays the coating agent that atomizes; Described screening district is provided with and turns sieve.
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| CN104291933A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-21 | 武汉中农国际贸易有限公司 | Special fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables |
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| CN104291933A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-21 | 武汉中农国际贸易有限公司 | Special fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables |
| CN106396919A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing controlled-release fertilizer for melon and fruit crop |
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| CN103130566B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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